英语初中语法-定语从句练习题

中考初中语法-定语从句练习题

定语从句——关系代词引导的定语从句

【关系代词引导的定语从句】

（一）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) You must do everything that I do.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which

在句子中做宾语)

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

=Do you like the book is yellow?

【总结】：

一、关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。如：

代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which that

宾语

whom／who which that

定语

whose（＝of

whom） whose（＝of

which）

1.This is the doctor _____________ came from London.

2.The book ___________________I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.

3. The desk_________________leg is broken is very old.

4. This is the room ______________Shakespeare was born in.

二、使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：

1．如果先行词是all， anything， something， nothing， everything， little，

none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

例如：All that are present burst into tears.

2．如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that， 不用which。

例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

3．which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this相似。

例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

4．先行词中既有人又有物时，关系代词应该用that。

例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

5．“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without等，关系代词常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。

例如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.

像listen to， look at， depend on， pay attention to， take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开。

例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

一、典型例题

( )1、 -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？

-Yes， he‘s our headmaster.

A. he B. who C. which D. whom

( )2、The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which； is B. whom； was

C. who； is D. who； was

( )3、Have you seen the film Titanic ___actors are very famous?

A who B whose C that D whom ( )4、Ann asked the policeman ___he worked to contact him whenever

there was an accident.

A with him B with whom C who D whom

( )5、A child ____parents are dead is called an orphan.

A which B his C whose D with

( )6、This is the reason ______ he told me.

A、that B、why C、on which D、for that

( )7、Do you know the scientist _______ gave us a talk just now?

A. who B. whom C. which D. whose

( )8、This is the dictionary _______ Mum gave me for my birthday.

A. which B. what C. whose D. whom

( )9、Shaolin Temple ________ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes

the visitors both at home and abroad.

A. where B. which C. who D. what

( )10、—Do you know the girl _______ is standing under the tree?

—She is my little sister.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

三、课后练习

( )1. Beijing is the 29th city _______ holds the Olympic Games.

A. where B. that C. which D. what

( )2. Have you read the book _______ I gave you yesterday?

A. that B. when C. where

( )3. The man _______ came to our party with a present is my old friend.

A. when B. which C. who

( )4. I like writers _______ write short stories.

A. which B. what C. whom D. who

( )5. This is the question _______ we are talking about now.

A. that B. who C. where D. when

( )6. —What are you looking for?

—I am looking for the book _______ I bought yesterday.