中考英语语法定语从句练习

中考英语语法定语从句练习

定语从句 ⼀： 先⾏词： 被定语从句所修饰的词

⼆： 关系代词：⽤来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先⾏词的代词。

先⾏词是物： which that

先⾏词是⼈： who that

在从句中的作⽤： 主语、宾语、表语e.g. They had a radio. / It could send out messages.

They had a radio which/ that could send out message. (主语)

The girl is my best friend. / She spoke just now.

The girl who/ that spoke just now is my best friend. （主语）

He always buys some books. / He never read them.

He always buys some books (which/ that) he never read. (宾语)

注意点：1.） 定语从句⼀般直接跟在先⾏词的后⾯：

e.g. The man who lives next door sells vegetables.

The man sells vegetables who lives next door. ( × )

The car which my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.

The car was destroyed in the earthquake which my uncle just bought. ( × )

2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：

e.g. The young man ( who ) you saw was our manager.

There is something ( that ) we must keep in mind.

3.) 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时， 关系代词只能⽤which 或 whom

e.g. The man is a famous runner. / You talked to him just now.

The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner.

The chair is made of wood. / He is sitting on it now.

The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.

He is a library assistant. / I borrowed some books from him.

He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.

It is a famous school. / He graduated from it 3 years ago.

It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.

The service should be improved. / The students complain a lot about it.

The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved.

有⼀些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，⼀般还是放在动语之后，不提前：e.g. He is the student. / The teachers are looking for him.

He is the student who the teachers are looking for.

The number of the children is 30. / She takes care of the children.

The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.

三： whose 的⽤法：

关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“󰀀󰀀的”时，它既可以修饰指⼈的先⾏词，也可以修饰指物的先⾏词。e.g. The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize.

The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter.

Do you know anyone? / His family is in Xi’an.

The book is not mine. / The cover of it is red.

I live in the room. / The windows of it face south.

The chair has been repaired. / The leg of it was broken.

四：限制性定语从句和⾮限制性定语从句：

限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成⽴。He is reading a book which is too difficult for him.

Here is the boy who damaged the glass.

⾮限制性定语从句：主句和从句⽤逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进⼀步说明的作⽤，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。e.g. The book is written by Guo Jinming, who is only 19 years old.

Bob’s father, who was an engineer, spent 4 years in Egypt.

Shanghai, which is developing fast, has become one of world’s trade center.

注意点：

⾮限制性定语从句不能⽤that引导.e.g. She is very fond of French, which indeed she speaks quite well.

which还可以⽤来指代上⽂中的⼀件事情.

e.g. Their house is washed away by the floods, which made them very sad.

He lost his job finally, which was exactly what we wanted. 介词＋which:The picture ______ he paid $100 was once owned by a king.

Can you think of a situation ________ this word can be used?

I’m grateful to him for that advice, ______ I owed all my success.

关系副词： when where why

当先⾏词是表⽰时间的名词，⽤when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时⼀般可以⽤介词＋which来代替:e.g. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.

I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.

He still remember the morning. / The earthquake happened on that morning.

He still remember the morning when/ on which the earthquake happened.

当先⾏词是表⽰地点的名词，⽤where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时⼀般可以⽤介词＋which来代替:e.g. This is the house. / He used to live in the house.

This is the house where/ in which he used to live.

I know of a place. / We can swim in that place.

I know of a place where/ in which we can swim.

Is there any shop around? / I can buy a pen in the shop.

Is there any shop around where/ in which I can buy a pen.

先⾏词是表⽰原因的名词，即reason，⽤why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时⼀般可以⽤for ＋which来代替:e.g. I don’t know the reason. / He did it for this reason.

I don’t know the reason why/ for which he did it.

The reason was not clear. / He was fired for it.

The reason why/ for which he was fired was not clear.

注意点：

当表⽰时间、地点和原因的名词在从句中不是作状语，⽽是在从句中作主语或宾语时，还是应⽤which/ that

e.g. This is the date _______ we’re proud of.

This is the date _______ he was born.

I will never forget the time ______ we spent together.

This is the factory _______ my mother works.

This is the factory _______ we visited last week.

Is this factory you visit last week?

A. the one B. where C. which D. that

This factory is the one (that/ which) you visit last week.

I don’t believe the reason _____ he gave for his decision.

Another reason _______ he made this decision is that he had to consider the feelings of others.

关系词的选择

Ａ．只⽤thata.当先⾏词是不定代词，如all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等