翻译练习题

1. The further expansion of food supplies to take care of the 200,000 or more new

members of the human race born each day and the millions of the undernourished in

the present population continues, of course, to be a matter of extreme concern.

译文：进一步扩大食物供应以满足每天约20万或更多的新生人口以及现有的数以百万计的营养不良人口之需要，当然仍是一个极需关心的问题。

2. It is remarkable that although the population of the world has more than doubled in

the last 50 years, the supply of food by and large has been able, up to now at least, to

keep pace with this tremendous growth.

译文：尽管在过去的50年里，人口增加了一倍多，但是至少到目前为止，粮食的供应大体上与人口的巨大增长相适应，这一点是惊人的（这真是一个了不起的成就）。

3. Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when

they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be.

译文：各种机器零件无论多么脏,形状弄得多么不规则,一旦用超声波处理后,就可以被洗得干干净净,甚至干净得像新机器零件一样。

4. . Steel is usually made where the iron ore is smelted, so that the modern steelworks forms a

complete unity, taking in raw materials and producing all types of cast iron and steel, both for

sending to other works for further treatment, and as finished products such as joists and other

consumers.

[初译] 通常在炼铁的地方就炼钢，所以现代炼钢厂从运进原材料到生产供送往其他工厂进一步加工处理并制成如工字钢及其他商品钢材的成品而形成一整套的联合企业。

[改译] 通常在炼铁的地方也炼钢。因此，现代炼钢厂是一个配套的整体，从运进原料到生产各种类型的铸铁与钢材；有的送往其他工厂进一步加工处理，有的就制成成品，如工字钢及其他一些成材。

5. The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the

weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people,

movable equipment, etc.

[初译] 一个结构物受到的荷载可分为包括结构物各部分重量的静载和由于人及可移动设备等的重量引起的活载。

[改译] 一个结构物受到的荷载可分为静载与活载两类。静载包括该结构物各部分的重量。活载则是由于人及可移动设备等的重量而引起的荷载。 6. The impact of the development of the Haber process on the food supply is a notable

example of the extraordinary ability of chemical industry to bring about new and far-reaching

solutions to pressing problems.

译文：哈伯制氨法的开发对食品供应的影响是一个令人注目的实例，这个例子说明，化学工业完全能够对紧迫问题带来面貌全新、意义深远的解决方案。（……化学工业完全能够以面貌全新、影响深远的方式解决紧迫问题）。

7. Another development, by itself not strictly scientific in nature, is the growing awareness

that the energy resources at present available to human technology are limited, and that

photosynthesis is the only large-scale process on earth by which a virtually inexhaustible

source of energy, i.e., the radiation energy of the sun, is collected and converted into a form of

energy that is not only used by plants, but by all forms of life, including man.

译文：另一发展——就其本性而言，本身不是严格科学的——是人们正日益认识到下面这个事实，即：人类技术领域目前可以利用的能源是有限的，在地球上只有光合作用是能将那实际上是取之不尽用之不竭的能源——太阳的辐射能——聚集起来，转换为不仅植物，而且包括人在内的所有生命都可以利用的能量形式的大规模过程。

8. In 1900, about 90 percent of the 72,000 tons of commercially prepared, nitrogen-containing

fertilizers used were organic in origin; 50 years later the annual consumption of commercially

prepared nitrogen fertilizers had risen to more than 1 million tons, but only 30,000 tons were

of organic origin.

译文：在1900年，所使用的7.2万吨商品氮肥中约90％为有机肥，50年后，其每年的消耗量上升到100万吨，但是，只有3万吨是有机肥。

9. As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the

surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried

out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The

most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which

are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed

down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the

pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of values.

译文：石油埋藏于地层深处。因此,仅研究地层表面, 无法确定有无石油,必须勘测地下的岩石结构。如果确定了某一区域的岩石蕴藏着石油,就此安装钻机。它的主要部分是机架,用以撑起一节一节的钢管,让其下到井孔。一边钻井,一边下钢管,以防周围土层塌陷。一旦出油,就紧固管盖,让油从各个阀门喷出。

10. Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the

quantity of the natural products cannot meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often,

because the physical properties of the synthetic substances, which is the common name for

man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized so that it would be of the

greatest use in the field which it is to be applied.

译文：许多人造材料正在取代天然材料,这或者因为天然产品的数量不能满足人类不断增长的需要,或者更多地因为合成物(这是各种人造材料的统名称)的物理性能被选中,甚至受到极大重视,因而使得它会在准备加以采用的领域获得最大量的重视。

11. Aluminium remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is

it found free, owing to its always combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen,

for which it has a strong affinity.

译文：由于铝总是和其他元素--- 最常见的是氧(因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力)--- 结合在一起,所以在自然界任何地方都找不到处于游离状态的铝, 因而直到19世纪才为人们所知道。

12. ) It is well known that animals cannot be maintained in good health on diets which will

supply the necessary calories together with protein, fat and mineral requirements, if certain

accessory food factors, the vitamins, are absent from the diet.