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模拟试题三一、单项选择题1、The only surviving large mammals are _____.A、red deer and wolvesB、boars and wolvesC、roe deer and boarsD、red deer and roe deer2、The Anglo-Saxons brought ________ religion to Britain.A、DruidismB、Roman CatholicC、TeutonicD、Christian3、The Independent Labor Party was led by _____.A、Jeremy BenthamB、James CookC、Abel TasmanD、Keir Hardie4、On _____, Queen Elizabeth II approved a same-sex marriage bill..A、April 29, 2011B、July 7, 2012C、July 17, 2013D、August 17, 20125、The poverty line in the UK is commonly defined as being _____ of the median household income.A、50%B、65%C、55%D、60%6、______ prepare them for higher education.A、Grammar schoolsB、Secondary modern schoolsC、Private schoolsD、Higher schools7、The modern game of ______ is generally accepted to have originated in England.A、swimmingB、footballC、skiingD、diving8、In ______, figure skater Madge Cave Syers became the first female athlete to win a medal in the Winter Olympic Games.A、1896B、1908C、1948D、19209、The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is ______.A、the Daily MailB、the Daily TelegraphC、the Daily MirrorD、the Sun10、The rivers that descend from the eastern slopes of the Rockies flow into _____.A、the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of MexicoB、the Gulf of California and the MississippiC、the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of CaliforniaD、the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico11、Between 1980 and 1989, the South and West of the United States added ______ million people through net migration.A、8.8B、8.4C、8.9D、4.912、The ______ founded their first permanent settlement on the continent at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.A、EnglishB、SpanishC、DutchD、Portuguese13、State governments have the power to make laws for all citizens that are not granted to the federal government or denied to the states in the US Constitution. These include _____, and most crimes.A、education, family law, constitutionB、education, family law, contract lawC、education, constitution, contract lawD、family law, constitution, contract law14、In December ______, the Senate condemned McCarthy for certain improper, extreme behavior.A、1955B、1956C、1953D、195415、Vietnam got independence in ______.A、1945B、1944C、1943D、194616、By _____ Champlain had reached Quebec.A、1605B、1606C、1607D、160817、The Constitution Act assigns specific responsibilities to the provinces and reserves all others for _____.A、the federal governmentB、the presidentC、the representativeD、the monarch18、Pennsylvania was established by ______.A、Separatist CongregationalistsB、QuakersC、Roman CatholicsD、Puritans19、______ is a four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize for drama and the only American playwright to win the Nobel Prize for literature.A、O’NeillB、Henry JamesC、Walt WhitmanD、James Fenimore Cooper20、To a lesser degree in the early ______ century, film types that were previously considered to have only a minor presence in the mainstream movie market began to arise as more potent American box office draws.A、20tyB、19thC、18thD、21st21、______ is observed on the last Monday of May.A、Martin Luther King, Jr. DayB、Washington’s BirthdayC、Memorial DayD、Independence Day22、Canada covers about ______ of the North American continent.A、a halfB、a thirdC、a quarterD、two fifths23、______ is the floral symbol of Australia and is celebrated on National Wattle Day each year on September 1.A、Eucalyptus treesB、Maple treeC、Dahurian larchD、The golden wattle24、The average maximum temperature in _____ is 23℃ in summer, 14℃ in winter.A、DunedinB、AucklandC、ChristchurchD、Nelson25、The secondary school system comprises private schools that are predominantly owned by _____.A、the enterpriseB、the stateC、the armyD、religious communities26、Much of th e world’s wool comes from ______.A、IrelandB、AustraliaC、New ZealandD、Britain27、The cinema of ______, often generally referred to as Hollywood.A、ChinaB、JanpanC、the United StatesD、England28、The work of filmmakers and actors throughout the UK is supported by ______, a government board that helps fund productions and secure film-related services.A、Arts CouncilB、British Broadcasting CorporationC、Channel Four TelevisionD、Film Council29、In _____, Britain finally became a full member of the European Economic Community.A、January 1957B、January 1974C、January 1960D、January 197330、The ______ brought with them the art of pottery making, the ability to fashion bronze tools and the custom of individual burial.A、CeltsB、Beaker FolkC、IberiansD、Anglo-Saxons二、填空题1、Traditional farming involved _____, a system that dated back to the 5th century.2、Among several important social developments in the decades after World War II, the most evident was the rising standard of ______.3、International cricket matches, known as tests, began in 1877 with a match between ______ and ______.4、The Progressive Movement was a movement demanding government regulation of _____.5、On August 4, 1914, _____ issued an official statement proclaiming American neutrality.6、_____is the oldest written constitution in the world.7、Post-secondary education, better known as “______” in the United States, is generally governed separately from the elementary and high school system.8、The influential landscape painters known as ______ devoted themselves to developing a national style in the first decades of the 20th century.9、There are also more than ______ private primary and secondary schools, most of them Roman Catholic or run by other religious groups.10、_____has long been the backbone of Irish agriculture.三、名词解释1、black Thursday2、The Bill of Rights四、简答题1、What is the relation between the papers and the political party?2、How do the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky mountains run?3、What were the two weaknesses in the American economy in the 1920s?4、Which was a great turning point of the American War of Independence?5、What are the three branches of government?6、There are major differences between the political system of the United States and that of most other developed countries. What do these differences include?7、In what areas is Canada’s agriculture located?8、Why does New Zealand often have earthquakes?9、Which battle is considered one of the most important events in Australian history and why?10、What caused the fall in population in Ireland?五、论述题1、What are the two major political parties in New Zealand? How are they different from each other?答案部分一、单项选择题1、【正确答案】 D【答案解析】答案选D。
《英语国家概况》补充材料A：名词解释补充The Pilgrim Fathers（英国清教徒）: This is given to those members who made the first crossing on the famous Mayflower, which landed at Plymouth harbor in December 1620.Jacksonian democracy（杰克森式民主）:It is used in American politics to describe the period when the “common man” participated in the government, occurring after Jeffersonian democracy. The Progressive Movement（革新运动）:It was a reform movement that reached its height in the early 20th century. This arose as a response to the vast changes brought by industrialization.The Union Flag（英国国旗）:Also known as the Union Jack. It is the national flag of the UK. It symbolizes the 4 administrative nations, the England, Scotland, Wales and the Northern Ireland. The red cross stands for England, the diagonal Red Cross stands for Ireland and the diagonal white cross stands for Scotland.British Commonwealth（英联邦）:Also known as the Commonwealth of Nations. It includes the UK and the 40 or so former British colonies that are now sovereign states. It was formally established in 1931.European Union（欧盟）:It is an economic and political union established in 1993. The establishment of the European Union expanded the political scope of the European Economic, especially in the area of foreign and security policies, and provided for the creation of a central European bank and the adoption of a common currency. Domesday Book（末日审判书）: The written record of a census and survey of English landowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-1086.Stonehenge（巨石阵）:A group of standing stones on a plain in the southern England. The arrangement of the stones suggests that it was used as a religious center and also as an astronomical observatory.Julius Caesar（凯撒大帝）:He is a roman general, statesman and historian. He invaded British, conquered the army of his political enemy Pompey, and pursued other enemies to Egypt. He returned to Rome, and was given a order by the people to rule as dictator until he was murdered.Protestantism（新教）: One of the 3 major branches of Christianity, originating in the 16th century Reformation in Europe.Margaret Thatcher（撒切尔夫人）: She is the first British female Prime Minister who held the office of PM Longer than anyone else in the 20th century. She was elected in 1979, shored up a Conservative-led government, favored privatization plans. Her nickname is “The Iron Lady”; she was elected to three consecutive terms and resigned in1990Keynesian（凯恩斯主义）: The economic theories of economist Keynes, who advocate government monetary and fiscal programs, designed to increase employment and stimulate business activity.Westminster Abbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）:A famous church located in London, where English monarchs are crowned and distinguished English subjects are buried. The Poets’ Corner conta ins the graves of great English writers.Grammar school: Originally meant to educate the young in Latin grammar and that of another European language. These schools in modern UK are intended to teach a highly academic class and teach students to deal with abstract concepts.The American Revolution（独立战争）: Also known as the War of Independence, it began in 1775 and ended in 1783. It ended 2 centuries of British rule for most of the North American colonies and created the United States of America.The Confederacy（联邦）: This refers to the 11 states in the south that seceded from the Union to establish what the called the Confederate States of America.Monroe Doctrine（门罗主义）: This proclaimed the US’ opinion that European powers should no longer colonize the Americas or interfere with the affairs of sovereign nations located in the Americas.The Truman Doctrine（杜鲁门主义）:This was part of the US’ political response to perceived aggression by the Soviet Union in Europe and the Middle East.W ASP（盎格鲁撒克逊系白人清教徒）:As a term, it refers to people of English descent who believe in Protestantism. All of them share a common heritage that has been a powerful force in shaping the values and beliefs of Americans. One of the most important values associated with American Protestantism is value of self-important.NAACP（有色人种协进会）: It is an organization founded in 1909, aiming to use legal redress in the courts to end racial discrimination. Today, it still remains as the most influential black organization in the USA.The Articles of Confederation（联邦宪法）: It is the first law to unite the new states, it is necessary to define the relative powers of the Continental Congress. It was drafted by Dickinson and was ratified in 1781. But 8 years later, it was replaced by the Constitution of the United States.Watergate Scandal（水门事件）: It refers to the Watergate Hotel in Washington DC. The Watergate Burglars broke into the Democratic Party’s National Committee offices in 1972 and got arrested. The president Nixon resigned due to this storm.B：本学期两次重点作业What is the historical meaning of Norman Conquest in British history?1、The Norman Conquest was in effect a French conquest and the imposition upon England a ruling French aristocracy.2、The Norman-French replaced English as an authoritative language in England. English becamea lower-class language.3、It was one of the most decisive events in English history, which caused a fundamental change in the way of life of the English people.4、It tied England’ s civilization closely to that of continental Europe.What are the causes for Henry Ⅷ’ s re ligious reformation? And what is the effect of the reformation?Reasons:1、The Church of the Middle Ages had not been only a religious body, but also apolitical and legal power.2、Henry Ⅷbecame the King, he felt his marriage was displeasing to God, becausehe had offended in marring his brother widow, Catherine, who didn’t give birth to a son. He decided to divorce.3、The Pope was in the control of Emperor Charles Ⅴ，Catherine’s nephew anddidn’t dare to help him. Henry wanted a reformed national Church wit hin the Catholic framework.Effect:It would be the actions of his heirs to make any significant changes in the doctrines and ceremonies of his independent church. In the 1530s, Henry Ⅷ’s power was greatly enlarged and by new clerical taxes. Toward the end of his reign, Wales and Ireland were officially incorporated into England in 1536 and 1541, respectively, creating a union of the Crowns. The king moved away from the medieval idea of ruler as chief lawmaker and overseer of civil behavior, to the modern idea of ruler as the idea logical icon of the state.What is the importance of the Bill of Rights(权利法案) in British history?1、It gave political supremacy to Parliament and severely limited the Crown’spower.2、It marked the beginning of the constitutional monarchy in England.What are the similarities and differences between British parliament and American Congress?At the head of Parliament is the British Sovereign, with the other two being the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The Sovereign’s role, however, is merely ceremonial. The three elements meet together only on occasions of symbolic significance.The 7 main Functions of British Parliament:(1).create all UK laws.(2).provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work ofgovernment.(3).protect the public and safeguard the rights of individuals.(4).examine government policy and administration, including proposals forexpenditure.(5).examine European proposals before they become law.(6).hear appeals in the House of Lords, the highest Court of Appeal in Britain.(7).debate the major issues of the day.Congress: the legislative branch consists of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives.Congress has the power to make any laws that are considere d “necessary and proper”. It has the power to impose and collect taxes, decide the expenditures of the government, control trade with foreign nations and among the states, establish and protect a monetary system and borrow money on the credit of the US. It alsohas the power to raise and maintain an army and a navy and declare war upon other countries.What are the causes and effects of American Civil War?Causes:The American Civil War was a conflict during 1861-1865 in the USA between the Southern or Confederate State of America and the Northern or Union States, in which two great power of the states and the central government; and the existence of black slavery.Other causes leading to the American Civil War include sectional rivalry, moral indignation aroused by the Abolitionists, the question of the extension of Slavery into new territories, and a fundamental disagreement about the relative supremacy of federal control of state’s rights. The issue of slavery had brought to head long-standing social and economic differences between the two oldest sections of the country.Effects:The outcome of the war placed the northern capitalists in solid control of the federal government. It also swept away the last obstacle to the development of the US capitalism. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the United States.What are the causes and effects of American Revolution?Causes:The British government tried to make the colonials pay a larger share toward the expenses of the empire. The colonials had hitherto paid only local taxes（地方税）. American merchants, for example, commonly imported sugar from the French West Indies （法国西印度群岛）, contrary to law, and even shipped in return the iron wares（铁器）which it was against the law for Americans to manufacture for export.Effects:The American Revolution is the movement that destroyed the first British Empire, establishing the US. And, indirectly, Canada, a much larger event than the War of Independence (1775-1783), the Revolution developed from the issue of whether parliament had the power to tax the North American colonies directly. But more was involved than constitutional dispute, and the Revolution left America a transformed place.What are the elements and their respective function of the American government?(1). The President has the right to veto or cancel laws of Congress.(2). These laws can be passed anyway by the Congress by a two-thirds majority after the President’s veto;The Senate has the authority to approve appointments made by the President by a majority vote.(3) (6). The laws may still be cancelled if the Supreme Court decides that the laws go against the Constitution.(4).The President can appoint Federal judges and Supreme Court justices who share his ideas about law.(5) (6). Congress has the power to fix the number of judges of judges sitting on the court and ,within limits, decide what kind of cases it may harm, but if cannot change the powers given to the Supreme Court by the Constitution itself.。
名词解释：1.the dominant American cultureThe dominant American culture is English-speaking, Western European, Protestant and middle-class in character, with the basic cultural values as freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.美国的主流文化是讲英语的、西欧的、新教的和中产阶级的，他们的基本文化价值观是自由、平等和渴望为更高水平的生活而努力工作。
2.the Bill of Rights in 1791 (USA)When the constitution was first drawn up in 1787, nothing was mentioned about the rights of individuals. Then, in 1791, the first10 amendments, the well-known Bill of Rights, were created, toguarantee citizens of America specific individual rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech and press and so on.1787宪法第一次起草时，没有提到个人的权利。
然后，在1791，最初的10项修正案，即著名的权利法案成立，以保障美国公民的具体个人权利和自由，如言论自由和新闻自由等。
3.the implication of “melting pot”and “salad bowl”In the early years the United States is often called a “melting pot”for that various racial and ethnic groups are assimilated into the American culture. However, it is regarded as a “salad bowl”nowadays which means that immigrants of different backgrounds mix harmoniously while at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.在早期，美国经常被称为“熔炉”，因为各种种族和族裔群体都被同化到美国文化中。
名词解释1. Standard English:is also called Queen's English or BBC English,which is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England,adopted as a broadcasting standard in the British media.2. Constitutional monarchy:Although the King or Queen is the head of state,their powers are largely symbolic.The government is elected by people and governs according to British constitutional principles.3. House of Commons:often reffered to as the Lower House,is the center of parliamentary power.monwealth of Nations:is the successor of the British Empire and a voluntary association of independent sovereign states which are former colonies governed as part of the British Empire and were once collectively known as the British Commonwealth.5.Industrial Revolution in Britain:England experienced rapid economic development in the 18th century.The market demand for manufactured goods exceeded the suplly.This motivated entrepreneurs to search for new ways to improve productivity.prehensive school:provide a general education.Students study both academic subjects like literature and science and more practical ones like cooking and carpentry.7. BBC:The British Broadcasting Corporation,is Britain's main public service broadcaster.8.Shakerspear/Charls Dickens:Hamlet,Othello,A Midsummer Night's Dream/Oliver Twist,A Tale of Two Cities,David Copperfield.9. Anglo-Irish Agreement:Signed between Britain and Ireland in 1985.This agreement gave the Irish government a consultative role in the administration of Northern Ireland.10. Quebec Act:passed by the British Parliament in 1774,which granted the people of Quebec linguistic and religious freedom,and guaranteed the use of French civil law and British criminal law.11.Magna Carta:the lords forced King John to sign the Magna Carta on June 15,1215 which is regarded as the foundation of the Britishconstitutionalism.12. House of plantagenet:also known as the House of Anjou,which began by Henry II in 1154.简答1.Higher education in BritainHigher education has a long history in Britain.Now there are more than 100 universities in Britain,besides,there are also many colleges. Most universities in Britain are partially funded by central government grants.Britain universities are lagally independent and enjoy complete academic freedom.There are many Open Universities.2.The service industry in BritainBritain boasts one of the world's oldest.most extensive,and most highly developed financial systems.London is one of the three principal financial centers of the world,and is the world's largest foreign exchange market,Dealings in commodities and insurance industries are important processes in the city.Tourism is one of the largest industiesin Britain.Exhibition and conference services provide Britain with another source of revenue.3.Multilingualism & Multiculturalism in CanadaCanadians are composed of many different races and ethnic groups;they speak different languages at home apart from English and French.While participating as equal partners in the Canadian society,they keep their own cultural heritage,constituting a"cultural mosaic".In1971,Canada became the first country to implement a multiculturalism policy to admit pluralism as a fact of Canadian life.In1988,the Canadian Multiculturalism Act was passed.With globalization and increasing immigration,multilingualism and multiculturalism will remain a special feature off the Canadian society.4.Ireland's economy development:Throughout its history,Ireland has been an agricultural country.In the 1920s,public policies were directed toward expanding employment opportunities.After world War II,energetic policies were persued to agriculture and industry and tourism.Ireland maintains a mixed economy of both public and private enterprises.The high-tech industries of the 1980s gave further impetus to the development of the national economy.5.The goals of the four main political parties in Ireland Fianna Fail:complete political separation from Britain and supports peaceful reunification of the island.Fine Gael:equality of opportunity,proenterprise,security,integrityand hope.Labor Party:establish a society without poverty,based on democracy,equality participation and the principle of cooperation.Progressive Democratic Party:free enterprise,marked separation between church and state,and a peaceful resolution to the problems in Northern Ireland.。
英语国家概况的复习资料英语国家概况考试题型如下：1.选择题（30 X 1’）2.填空题（20 X 1’）3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子总分100 分主要内容包括：一．U.S. Geography1.Full name of U.S..2.Number of States: 50 states.3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire forterritorial expansion among many frontier men.4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries.5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S..6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean.7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in southCalifornia.二．U.S. People1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans).2.The “first Americans” were the Indians.3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States.4.The first permanent settlement in North America wasesta blished in today’s V erginia in theyear of 1607.5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to:ProtestanCatholicJewish6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italyand Poland.7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequallydistributed among the population.8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.三．Economy1.Services sector (industry) of the economy employs the most American.2.U.S. Federal law prohibits emplyment discrimination on the basis of:RaceLanguageDisability3.The American economy is characterized by a high degree of monoply.4.Mid-west is the nation’s leading center of heavy industry in the United States.5.Microsoft is the largest software company now in the United States.6.Give examples of industries which are decling, and industries which sare fast developing inthe U.S..( P70倒数第一行到P71 第一段)四．Policy1.When was the United States Constitution drafted?In 17872.How long are terms for Senators?6 years.3.How long are terme for members of House of Representatives?2 years4.What are the terms of office for Supreme Court justices?Life.5.Which U.S. President said: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall notperish from the ea rth.”---- Abraham Lincoln6.The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.7.The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continented Congress on July 4,1776.8.The United States and the People’s Republic of China established diplomatic relations in1979.9.The president of the United States is the head of the executive branch.10.Presidential election is held every 4 years in November in the U.S.A..11.What are the two major political parties in the United States? And their symbols? (P59)One is the Democtatic Party. Symbol is donkey.The other one is the Republican Party. Symbol is elephant.12.What does “FBI” stand for?Federal Bureau of Investigation.13.Who were the two famous leaders assassinated in American History?They are J.F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln.14.Wat are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? Howare the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? （这题没有统一答案，请大家参考书本P55-P58里面的内容自己组织。
英语国家概况精讲：第十四章美国人口种族chapter 14：population.Race and Ethnic groups必背细节1.The United States of America is the third most populous county in the world after Chind and India.美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度。
2。
Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth,The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigtants from independence until 1960s.Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.19世纪末20世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接待点。
3。
Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992.Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.如今美国移民的80%到90%主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家。
4。
Arizona,Nevada,and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州。
Chapter 17 American History(III) in post-W.W.II Era(1945-1980S)[被屏蔽广告]必背细节1. On Feb 22,1946,George Kennan, a high-ranking official in the American embassy to Moscow, wrote in the telegram that the U.S.policy should be vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. Later the containment policy became the official policy towards the Soviet Union.1946年2月22日，美国驻苏联大使乔治。
凯南在他的电报中主张对苏联采取遏制政策。
2．The open declaration of the containment policy was made by President Truman on March 12,1949 in a speech to the joint session of congress.1949年3月12日杜鲁门总统在国会联席会议上公开宣布了遏制政策。
3．In order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the U.S.decided to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the Marshall plan.为了保护西欧不受苏联扩张影响，美国决定给予西欧国家经济支援，此举后来被称作"马歇尔计划。
"4．The North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed on April 4,1949,marked the beginning of U.S.efforts in setting up a military alliance around the Soviet Union and its allies.美国于1949年4月4日签订的北大西洋公约标志着美国开始致力于在苏联及其盟国周围建立军事同盟。
Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom1. the full name of the UK: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelanda member of the European Union P3The Commonwealth of Nations2. a multiracial and multicultural societyBritain is a multiracial society which produces a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity. P3Many are Muslims, while most British people(in name at least)are Christian. Immigrants have brought aspects of their own cultures. P4religions(denomination): mainly Christianity(基督教)--Christian, others: Buddhism(佛教)--Buddhist, Hinduism(印度教)--Hindu, Judaism(犹太教)--Jewish, Islam(伊斯兰教)--Muslim, Sikhism(锡克教)--SikhChristianity: (1)Roman Catholic Church: 罗马天主教(2)Protestant Church 新教(3)Orthodox Eastern Church东正教London is in the south of the country, and is dominant in the United Kingdom in all sorts of ways. It has great influence on the UK in all fields including government, finance, and culture. P43. the significant role of London: P4(1) the largest city in the country, with about one seventh of the nation's population(2)the seat of government(3)culture center, home to all the major newspapers, TV stations, the widest selection of galleries, theatres and museums.(4)business centre, headquarters of the vast majority of Britain's big companies(5)financial centre of the nation, one of the four major international financial centers in the worldLondon is a huge weight in Britain's economic and cultural life4. brief history of invasions: P5Before the 1st century AD, Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people.4.1 invasions from the Roman Empire: P5in 43 ADEngland and Wales(though not Scotland or Ireland)become a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.As the Roman Empire came under threat from the east, the Roman armies and Roman protection were withdrawn from Britain, and Britain was again divided into small kingdoms.again it came under threat from outside, this time from Germanic peoples: the Angles, and the Saxons.(about 5th-6th century AD)4.2 settlement of the Anglo-Saxons:It is said that King Arthur drove the Saxons back and united Britain with his magical sword. (his real existence is in doubt) P5He created the famous "round table".Whatever Arthur's success was, legend or not, it did not last, for the Anglo-Saxons did succeed in invading Britain, and either absorbed the Celtic people, or pushed them to the western and northern edges of Britain. P6They are the forefather of the English; the founders of "Angle-land" or "England"4.3 Vikings from Scandinavia(from the late 8th century on)Scandinavia n.斯堪的纳维亚（北欧国家的原称，指：瑞典、挪威、丹麦、芬兰、冰岛）King Alfred the Great turned the tide in the south against the Vikings. P6Next invaders were the Normans, from northern France, who were descendants of Vikings.4.4 William the Conqueror: P6（1）crossed the English Channel in 1066;（2）defeated an English army under King Harold in the Battle of Hastings;（3）took the English throne and became William the First of England;（4）built The Tower of London.5. physical features P7Scotland: the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area5.1 Wales P1OIt is the smallest among the three nations on the British mainland, though larger than Northern Ireland. It is very close to the most densely populated parts of central England. It's good at getting investment from abroad, particularly Japan and the United States.physical features of Wales P10Though it is hillier and more rugged than adjacent parts of England there is no natural boundary.5.2 Northern Ireland P19"Ulster"smallest of the four nations, both in are and population. Capital: BelfastThough it is small it is significant because of the political troubles there.physical features of Northern Ireland P20Physically, it is mostly rural, with low hills, a beautiful lake district in the south-west, and a rugged coastline, which includes its most famous landmark, the "Giant's Causeway", a rocky promontory made up of black hexagonal columns formed by cooling lava millions of years ago.Finn MaCool P28 note 25.3 England P5highly urbanised; capital: London; also cultural and economic dominancephysical features of England P5physically the largest of the four nations, and it has by far the largest population.5.4 physical features of Scotland P7capital city: Edinburgh largest city: Glasgowthe most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north(the Highlands), and in the south(the Southern Uplands)6. culture division between highland and lowlandThree quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. P7British Celts displaced from the south by Saxon invasion occupied the around what is now Glasgow, and in this same period(around the 6th century AD)people from northern Ireland invaded the south-west. They were called the Scots, and it is they that gave the modern country of Scotland its name. The original Scottish Celts, called the Picts, were left with the extensive but unproductive highland zone. The division between highland and lowland Scotland remains a cultural divide today, in much the same way as north and south England see themselves as different from each other. There are even areas in the highlands where(in addition to English)people speak the old Celtic language, called "Gaelic". P87.1 strong Scottish identityMany Scots sought their fortune outside Scotland - in England, America, Canada, or Australia. So there are more people of Scottish descent outside Scotland than in it, and many of those come back to find their "roots", forming a good target for the sellers of such souvenirs. P97.2...strong English/Irish/Welsh identity附：1. The island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales.2. Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempted to overthrow parliament in the English revolution. P73. The battle of Bannockburn led by Robert the Bruce succeeded in winning the full independence of Scotland. P84. Both Scottish and Welsh people elect their members of parliaments to the London Parliament and each holds 72 and 38 seats respectively. P9,P11名词解释：P337-338London, Robin Hood, The Anglo-Saxons, King Arthur, King Harold。
一、单选题1._______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war ajust war against slavery.A、Frederick DouglassB、George WashingtonC、John AdamsD、Abraham Lincoln答案： D2.The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A、Paul RevereB、John LockeC、CornwallisD、Frederick Douglass答案： B3.The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports ofgrain in the worlD.A、one thirdB、one fourthC、one sixthD、one seventh答案： B4.In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A、1957B、1967C、1973D、1979答案： C5.The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A、30, Richard III, Henry TudorB、50, Richard III, Henry TudorC、30, Richard I, Henry TudorD、50, Richard I, Henry Tudor答案： A6.About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A、independent schoolsB、junior schoolsC、independent schoolsD、primary schools答案： D二、 判断题7.The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery ofAustralia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.A 、Arthur PhilipB 、Mathew FlindersC 、Port JacksonD 、Peter Lalor答案： B8.In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers inthe New LanD.A 、1620, LondonB 、1620, PlymouthC 、1720, LondonD 、1720, Plymouth答案： B9.After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on________.A 、JapanB 、TurkeyC 、ItalyD 、Germany答案： D10.In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.A 、15%B 、16%C 、17%D 、18%答案： C1.In 1215, King Egbert united England under his rule.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误2.By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确3.In Britain, "Football hooligans" sometimes have violent clashes.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确三、 名词解释4.The UK economy is thought of as one of decline because Britain is poorer and producing less thanit was in 1945.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误5.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by KingHarold.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误6.Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确7.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误8.British government offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误9.Britain has no written form of Constitution.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确10.British government is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确1.Puritans答案： After the establishment of the Church of England in England, the people who believe in the Church of England are called Puritans,who think they are the devoted worshipers of divine God, and they are purified.2.Louisiana Purchase答案： In 1803, President Jefferson, by taking advantage of the war in Europe, made Napoleon I agree to sell Louisiana Territory for $15million. This was a vast region of more than 2.6 million square kilometers. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the territory of the new nation.四、问答题1.What kind of economic system does the United States have?答案： The U.S. has a free market economy with a dominant private sector.。
Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation•第01讲Early Settlers & Roman Britain & The Anglo-SaxonsI. Early Settlers （5000 BC—55 BC）Britain was originally a part of the European continent. When the last Ice Age ended 7,000 years ago, melting ice flooded the low-lying lands, creatingthe English Channel and the North Sea, and turning Britain into an island.【译文】早期居民（公元前5000年—公元前55年）不列颠原是欧洲大陆的一部分。
7000年前的冰川时代结束时，融冰淹没了低地，形成了英吉利海峡和北海，不列颠变成了岛屿。
•1） Iberians （伊比利亚人）（the first known settlers）① At about 3000 BC, these short, dark and long-headed people came to Britain,probably from the Iberian Peninsula, now Spain.② They were farming folk who kept animals and grew crops.【译文】1）伊比利亚人（所知道的最早的英国居民）①大约在公元前3000年的新石器时代，这些身材矮小、黑皮肤、长脸庞的人来到英国，他们很可能来自伊比利亚半岛，即现在的西班牙。
②作为农民他们饲养动物、种植庄稼。
•2） The Beaker Folk （宽口陶器人）① At about 2000 BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now knownas Holland and the Rhineland.② These people took their name from their distinctive bell-shaped drinkingvessels with which they were buried in crouching positions in individual graves.③ They brought with them the art of pottery making, the ability to fashionbronze tools and the custom of individual burial.【译文】2）宽口陶器人①大约公元前2000年，宽口陶器人从现在的荷兰和莱茵兰地区来到这里。
Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack（英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗）2. The basic information of each country:Count ry Capital AreaMemoEngland London最大1.最不会把自己的“英格兰文化区别于其他文化”2.一个高度城市化3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding isles●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire.Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.the Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.PS：One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur（被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑）,drove the Saxons back.关于亚瑟王的一些名词：Excalibur:被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑;亚瑟王之魔剑Castle at Tintagel(廷塔杰尔) in Cornwall: Tintagel传说为亚瑟王的诞生地，这是一个与亚瑟王传奇有关的地方。
《英语国家概况》考试复习资料及答案1The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by_D__ AKing Arthur B. Robin Hood C. Oliver Cromwell D. William the Conqueror2Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? AAIt offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.BIt is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.CIt is the oldest representative democracy in the world.DIt has no written form of Constitution.3Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed? AAWilliam of Orange B. James Ⅱ C. Oliver Cromwell D. GeorgeⅠ4. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? DA. Beef cattle.B. Dairy cattleC. Chicken.D. Sheep.5. Which group of people cannot vote in the general election? BA. Members in the House of Commons.B. Lords in the House of Lords.C. The UK citizens above the age of 18.D. The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.6. A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because __A_________.A. it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the governmentB. it informs people of current affairs in the world.C. it provides people with subjective reports.D. it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament.7．Of Which people is Robert Burns a national poet? BA. The Welsh peopleB. The Irish peopleC. The Scottish peopleD. The English people8．. It was said that Christianity was introduced into Ireland by _D_________A. the VikingsB. the NormansC. Brian BuruD. Saint Patrick9. In the 17th century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and NorthernEngland to emigrate to the north of Ireland because __A_______.A. they wanted to increase its control over IrelandB. they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live in BritainC. they intended to expand their investmentD. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them10. Which is the largest city in Scotland?CA. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester二．填空1. Charles the First, king of Britain, was executed, because he attempted to overrule___ the parliament _______ in the English Revolution.2. The _ official ________IRA believed that they had made enough progress so that they could concentrate on a political process, and run candidates for___ election ____.3. It’s hard to make talks successful between the British and Irish governments without the participation of __ Sinn Fein ________and_______ IRA _____.4. The party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms _ the government ________and its party leader becomes _ Prime Minister _________-.5. Since 1945, the UK economy has experienced __ relative ______ decline rather than __ relative _____ decline.6. The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: primary ________industries, secondary industries and _ tertiary _______industries.7. Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories .They are __ tertiary _______ , _____ comedies ____and history plays.8. Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte are noted for their respective novel _____ Jane Eyre ___and ____ Wuthering Heights ______which are largely the love stories of a woman for a man.9. People usually dress up and show off their fashionable clothes and elaborate hats for the social event called __ Wuthering Heights ________.10. Traditionally, people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on _ Boxing Day __________, which is the day after Christmas.三．问答1. Who introduced Christianity into Ireland?He was St. Patrick.2. What’s the full name of the UK?It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.What is the major function of the Parliament?4.It was to pass laws.4. How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win theelection?It needs at least 326.5. Which party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quiet a long time from 1979 to1997?It was the Conservative party.6. Name two of the tragedies written by Shakespeare.They are Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet7. Which is one of the largest government departments that deal with education?It is the Ministry of Education.四．名词解释the quality paperLondonthe Celtsthe Anglo-SaxonsD A A D B A B D A C1.the parliament2. official election3. Sinn Fein IRA4.the government5. Relative recession6. primary tertiary7. tertiary comedies8. Jane Eyre 9. Wuthering Heights10. Boxing Day1.He was St. Patrick.2.It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.Parliament?It needs at least 326.4.It was the Conservative party.5.They are Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet6.It is the Ministry of Education.名词解释见课本。
《英语国家概况》课程习题集西南科技大学成人、网络教育学院版权所有习题【说明】：本课程《英语国家概况》（编号为12010）共有单选题,名词解释题,简答题,填空题2等多种试题类型，其中，本习题集中有[简答题]等试题类型未进入。
一、单选题1. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from________A. FranceB. DenmarkC. IrelandD. Germany2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC?A. Emperor ClaudiusB. Julius CaesarC. King AlfredD. King Ethelred3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral?A. Christopher MarloweB. T. S. EliotC. Ben JohnsonD. Thomas Becket4.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son, ______, the regime began immediately to collapse.A. HenryB. HamiltonC. RichardD. Charles5. The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________.A. Jethro TullB. Thomas CokeC. George IIID. Robert Bakewell6. Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal?A. all hereditary peers and peeresses of the England, Scotland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland)B. lire peers created to assist the House in its judicial dutiesC. senior bishops of the Church of EnglandD. all other life peers7. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War with France, England was thrown into another series of civil wars, ________.A. the War of the CeltsB. Norman ConquestC. the War of the RosesD. Battle of Hastings8. Appeals in criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be heard by _________.A. the Magistrates' CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court9. Established Churches in Britain are___________.A. Church of England and Churches in WalesB. Church in Wales Church of ScotlandC. The Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland10.Apart from a break during the Second World War, the BBC has been providing regular television broadcasts since ___________.A. 1935B. 1936C. 1937D. 193811. The largest river in Ireland is ____________.A. the Shannon RiverB. Liffey RiverC. Macgillicuddy's ReekD. Carrantuohill12.The following farming activities are engaged by farmers in the valleys of Nova Scotia except __________.A. dairyingB. raising animalsC. apple growingD. potato growing13. The Pacific northwest is favored with a _______ climate like that of Britain.A. MediterraneanB. maritimeC. continentalD. subtropical14. The first blacks were brought to North America as ________ in 1619.A. adventurersB. slavesC. servantsD. explorers15. The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the ___ Continental Congress on July 4, ___.A First / 1774 B. First / 1776 C. Second / 1774 D. Second / 177616. The Great Depression was induced by all the following causes but ________.A. stock market speculationB. credit over - expansionC. government involvementD. lack of control over the banking system17. The Norman Conquest of _______ is perhaps the best - known event in English history.A. 1063B. 1064C. 1065D. 106618. ______ ranks the first in the production of apples in the US.A. WashingtonB. KansasC. MichiganD. Wisconsin19. The heads of the various executive departments form a council of advisers generally known as the President's __________.A. Advisory GroupB. Executive OfficeC. Special CommissionD. Cabinet20. The master's degree can normally be earned in ______ year by students holding a bachelor'sdegree in the field of study.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four21. There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four22. Magna Carta had altogether 63 clauses of which the most important matters could be seen in three of the following except _______.A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the landC. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.23. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765.A. Abraham DarbyB. James WattC. John KayD. Richard Arkwright24. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________.A. growing cropB. producing milkC. catching fishD. rearing poultry25. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House26. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921.A. the Anglican Church of IrelandB. the Irish Free StateC. the Irish Republican ArmyD. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council27. Irish broadcasting began in ______ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.A. 1906B. 1916C. 1926D. 193628. _______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery.A. Frederick DouglassB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Abraham Lincoln29. But even after the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was practiced against ______.A. Chinese - AmericansB. American IndiansC. Japanese - AmericansD. black Americans30. From 1948 to 1966 average yearly growth in real spendable earnings was ______ percent in the United States.A. 1.1B. 2.1C. 3.1D. 4.131.After a period of prosperity (1920 ~ 1929), government involvement in the economy increased _________.A. during the Great DepressionB. after the WW IC. after the WW IID. during the Cold War32.The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports of grain in the world.A. one thirdB. one fourthC. one sixthD. one seventh33.Through the Department of _____, the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abroad and of foreign nationals in the United States.A. StateB. JusticeC. LaborD. Defense34. The community college embodies ________ belief that an education should be practical as well as liberal.A. George Washington'sB. Thomas Jefferson'sC. Abraham Lincoln'sD. Franklin Roosevelt's35. The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Australia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.A. Arthur PhilipB. Mathew FlindersC. Port JacksonD. Peter Lalor36. After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on ________.A. JapanB. TurkeyC. ItalyD. Germany37. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ______ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16thD. 17th38. Northern provinces and territories tale up _____ of Canada.A. halfB. two thirdsC. one thirdD. four fifths39. In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.A. 15%B. 16%C. 17%D. 18%40. In the United States, Halloween is night - time ______ holiday.A. children'sB. men'sC. women'sD. old men's41. Soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196042. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth43. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionC. little money being investedD. the labour shortage44.Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC45. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister46. A General Election is held every __ years and there are ___ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65147. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords48. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons49. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes50.In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury51. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court52.London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary53.The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights54. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit55. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments56. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools57. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University in U.k..A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5058. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all59. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest60. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio61. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado62. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology63.The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States64.The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industry65. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal66. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192467. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/ Netherlands68.Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of t he miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves69.According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five70. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines71. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington72. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention73. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown74.Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers75.President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio76. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass77. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan78. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural79. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia80. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy81. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth82. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames83. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District84. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland85. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan86. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons87. British Recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion88. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I89. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106090. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet91. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort92.The Hundred Years’ war stated in ____ and was ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest93. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor94. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1595. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution96.In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth97.In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation98. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland99. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII100. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 1979二、名词解释题101. the Church of England102. the Labor Party103.the Hundred Years’ War104. public school105. William the Conqueror106. Whigs and Tories107. the Great Charter108. Oliver Cromwell109. Puritans110. Roman Invasion111. separation of powers112. the Second Continental Congress113. New England114. the Confederate States of America115. WASPs116. comprehensive high school117.the “Second American War of Independence”118. Louisiana Purchase119. the National Security Council120. the Mississippi River三、填空题2121. Britain is separated from the European continent by_____, North Sea and_____.122. The chief ranges in England are the _____, and the ______.123. Some of the large fishing ports in Britain are____, Grimsby and ____.124. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority in Britain and consists of the House of ___, and the House of ____.125. The early settlers on the British Isles were the ___ and ____.126. In 1381, the peasants in ___ rebelled. They were determined to abolish___.127. The American Industrial Revolution began in the year of ___ with its ___ industry. 128. American education is mainly classified into _____, ____ and higher.129. The Enlightenment in America provided the colonists with a ___ and ___ weapon against the British rule.130.President Nixon visited China in Feb, 19 ____. In the year of ___ the US established diplomatic relations with China.131. The present sovereign of Britain is ______, and Prince ____ is the heir to the throne. 132. The Cabinet is composed of the most ____ ministers who meet regularly under the ___ of the Prime Minister.133. From the middle of the 5th century three Teutonic groups, Anglos, Saxons and ____ began to migrate from the region of ____.134.The 15th and 16th centuries were marked by the ___ of feudalism and the ___ of capitalism in English history.135. The British Empire began with the founding of ___ in 1583, and fell after the ___ World War.136. The Constitution of the United States follows two principles: the __system and the __ of powers.137. In legislation the President of U.S. has a ___ power over bills passed by ___.138.By the mid-19th century, the territory of the US had reached over ___ million square kilometers, about ___ times the size of the total area of the original thirteen states.139. The Conservative Party developed out of the ___ Party, while the Liberal party developed out of the ____.140. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.141.The Central Lowlands of Scotland include the valleys of the _____, _____ and Forth rivers.142. The British did not adopt rational reforms such as____ system until 1975, and the ____ system until 1971.143.The Hundred Year’s War was a war against ___ for the French crown and for the industrial city of ___.144. Geographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-east are mostly______.145. The English Bourgeois Revolution exerted great influence on___ and the ____ revolutions in the 18th century.146. The South's lending industries are those that make use of the _______ supply of natural resources and _____ materials.147. Congress consists of the ____ and the House of _____.148. In terms of their political administration, the thirteen British colonies can be divided into three types: the ____ colonies, the central colonies and the ____ colonies.149. The three kinds of local governments under a state government are ____ governments, city, town, or ____ governments and local governments of districts set up for special purposes. 150. The Senate serves a term of _____ years, and every two years, _______ of the Senators stands for re - election.151. The farmland in the eastern half of Britain is used for raising ___. Its chief agricultural products are wheat,_____, oats and potatoes.152. The so-called “Glorious Revolution” was actually a bloodless ___ by the bourgeoisie in the year of ___.153. The ___ conflict between the bourgeoisie and the Monarchy and the persecution of ___ constituted two of the major causes of the bourgeois revolution.154. The Industrial Revolution was a revolution in both the ___ of production and the relations of production. It began in the ___ industry in the 1760s and lasted until 1830.155. The Open University is so called because it is ___ to people of ___ages.156.In the ____century a large number of Chinese were shipped to America as “____”157. The earliest inhabitants in America were ___, who had come over from Asia by crossing the land bridge across the present ___ Strait.158.The French and Indian War was fought between the ___ and the French, who were contending for the ___ Valley.159. In February 1861, six of the slave states that had seceded from the Union formed the ____ and elected ___ as their president.160. Secondary education in the US takes place in a variety of junior and senior high schools, which can be distinguished as vocational high school, ___ and ____.161. ___ who gets the majority of the ___ votes is elected President of the US.162. Christopher Columbus discovered the New World in the year of ___. He called the native Indians because he believed the islands to which he had come were off the coast of ___.163. Oxford and Cambridge were the only universities in ___ until the ___ century.164. In _____, the English Civil War broke out. The Cavaliers supported the king, while the Roundheads supported _______.165. The highest point in Wales is ____ in the ____Mountain Range.166. At the primary stage of the general election, the voters elect ___ to the national ___ of the two parties in each state.167. In the first two decades after World War II the US government adopted a policy of Cold War and ___ in its relationship with the Soviet Union. This policy was later replaced by the policy of ___ for world hegemony.168. According to their year of study, undergraduate students are called freshman, ____, junior and ____ respectively.169.After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.170.Canada's early economic development was founded on a number of resource - based ______: fishing, forestry, _______ and mining.四、简答题（略）……答案一、单选题1. D2. B3. B4. C5. D6. C7. C8. A9. D10. B11. A12. D13. B14. B15. D16. C17. D18. D19. D21. C22. B23. B24. D25. A26. B27. C28. D29. D30. B31. A32. B33. A34. B35. B36. D37. B38. D39. C40. A41. C42. B43. D44. C45. A46. C47. C48. D49. A50. A51. D52. D53. A54. D55. A56. D57. C58. A60. D61. C62. C63. D64. A65. D66. A67. D68. D69. C70. A71. B72. B73. A74. B75. B76. B77. D78. C79. D80. D81. B82. C83. A84. D85. D86. C87. A88. C89. B90. D91. D92. B93. A94. C95. D96. B97. A99. A100. C二、名词解释题101. The Church of England has a continuous history going back before the Reformation to the earliest days of English Christianity. Henry VIII declared himself head of the English Church in 1534. Later the influence of the Reformation led the English Church to go its own way in forms of worship and in doctrine. With Elizabeth I the Church of England was established on a moderate Protestant basis.102.The Labor Party was founded in 1900 by a union between the Trade Union, the Independent Labor Party and the Fabian Society. It became the main opposition party after the First World War and won a majority in the House of Commons in 1945. It practices social democracy or bourgeois reformism.103.In the 13th century, the English possessions on the European Continent were greatly reduced. For the more political and economic power, King Edward started a war against French in 1337 for the French crown. This war lasted for over one hundred years. By the time the war was ended, the English had lost all the territories they had gained during the war, except the French port of Calais.104.Public school is a kind of independent schools in Britain. They are privately run and usually fee-paying. Public schools are known for their good facilities and prestige.105.William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.106. It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and became the Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.107.King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced t o sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.108.The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the king and condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord of Protector. He ruled England till the restoration of Charles II in 1660.109. After the establishment of the Church of England in England, the people who believe in。
英语国家概况期末考试题型及复习要点I.Fill in the blanks. (20 points，1 point for each）II.Multiple choice questions. （20 points, 1 point for each）III.True or False. （10 points, 1 point for each)IV.Explain the following terms: (25 points，5 points for each)V.Answer the questions. （25 points，5 points for each)填空、选择和判断正误部分：关注所学英美国家内容中的重点史实和重要知识要点。
名词解释部分：1.British CommonwealthAlso known as the Commonwealth of Nations.a)It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain。
b)It was established in 1931, replacing the former British Empire。
c)Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements.d)Today there are about 50 member countries within the Commonwealth2. Lake PoetsThe Lake Poets are a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England and were inspired by it to create romantic works at the turn of the 19th century. The three poets of the Lakes School were William Wordsworth，Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey。
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland英国的历史分四部分:1.The Origins of a Nation2.The Shaping of the Nation3.Transition to the Mordern Age4.The Rise and Fall of the British EmpireHistory of UKEarly settlers -> Roman Britain -> Anglo-Saxons -> the Viking and Danish Invations -> the Norman ConquestNorman Rule -> the Great Charter -> the Hundred Years' War with France -> the Blackdeath and the peasant uprisingthe English Reformation -> Elizabeth I -> the English Renaissance -> James I -> Charles I -> the Civil War -> the commonwealth -> the Glorius RevolutionTwo parties (Whigs and Tories) -> Agricultural changes -> the Industrial Revolution -> the Chartist Movement -> Trade unions and the Labour Party -> Colonial Expansion -> in the two World WarsChapter 1 Land and People第一部分：Different Names for Britain and its Parts1. 选择题/ 简答题：The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.选择题/ 简答题：The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain：England, Scotland and Wales3.简答题：Why do people tend to use "England" and "English" when they mean "Britain" and "British"?England is the largest, most populous and generally speaking the richest section. So people tend to use “England” and “English” when they mean “Britain” and “British”.4.名词解释：the Commonwealth of Nations 或the British CommonwealthThe Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. The Commonwealth has no special powers.。
英语国家概况精讲：第十四章美国人口种族英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列chapter 14：Population. Race and Ethnic groups必背细节1.The United States of the American is the third most populous county in the world after China and India.美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度。
2。
Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth, The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigrants from independence until 1960s.Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.19世纪末20世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接待点。
3。
Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992.Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.如今美国移民的80%到90%主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家。
4。
Arizona, Nevada, and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州。
