干旱胁迫对水稻生育性状与生理指标的影响作者：王成瑷，赵磊，王伯伦，张文香，赵秀哲，高良文，侯文平，等来源：《农学学报》 2014年第1期王成瑷1，赵磊1，王伯伦2，张文香1，赵秀哲1，高良文1，侯文平1，于亚彬1（1吉林省通化市农业科研究学院，吉林梅河口135007；2沈阳农业大学，沈阳110161）摘要：为了明确水稻不同生育阶段干旱胁迫对生育性状及生理指标的影响，以‘农大 3 号’（生育期145天）品种为试验材料，利用盆栽的形式，人工控制土壤水势(-75 kPa)，分别在水稻不同生育阶段进行了干旱胁迫对水稻生育和生理指标影响的试验研究。
结果表明，分蘖期干旱单穴有效穗数减少6.05~9.52个，干旱越早影响越大。
无论任何时期干旱胁迫，处理过后均可以导致干物重下降，成熟期下降幅度为11.20~25.94 g/穴，孕穗期>分蘖期>出穗后各时期。
叶面积指数的下降则是体现在干旱过后的下一阶段上，随着CK区基部叶片的衰老与黄化，各处理的叶面积指数逐步与CK接近，干旱越早，生育后期差异就越小。
干旱对功能叶片（顶部3 叶）长度的影响主要体现在分蘖后期、孕穗前期和孕穗中期，这3 个阶段干旱，会明显导致顶部3 片功能叶片变短。
干旱对灌浆期剑叶和倒2 叶的光合速率的影响主要体现在分蘖期和孕穗期，孕穗期>分蘖期>出穗期、灌浆期，剑叶光合速率降低幅度为3.25%~26.50%；倒2 叶与剑叶的趋势一致，比CK下降3.93%~39.66%，下降幅度大于剑叶，乳熟期、蜡熟期干旱，测定时尚未进行干旱处理，两片叶的光合速率略高于CK。
无论任何时期干旱胁迫，干旱过后都会导致叶绿素含量(SPAD)上升。
水稻不同生育阶段干旱胁迫，均能导致单穴有效穗数下降、生物产量降低、功能叶片变短、LAI降低、光合速率下降，最终导致产量下降3.57%~50.79%。
关键词：水稻；干旱胁迫；干物质重；光合速率；叶面积指数；叶绿素含量中图分类号：S511.01，S152.7+1 文献标志码：A 论文编号：2013-0469Effect of Water Stress of Soil on Growing Characteristics andPhysiologicalIndex of Rice (Oryza sativa)Wang Cheng’ai1, Zhao Lei1, Wang Bolun2, Zhang Wenxiang1, Zhao Xiuzhe1,Gao Liangwen1, Hou Wenping1, Yu Yabin1(1Tonghua Academy of Agricultural Science, Meihekou 135007, Jilin,China;2Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China)Abstract: In order to explore the influence of water stress on the growing characteristics and physiologicalindex of rice at different growing stage,using‘Nongda 3’variety (145 days) as a mate rial, by means of potcultivation and manual rigorously controlling soil potential (-75 kPa) with tension-meter, the effects of soilwater stress on the growing and physiological index of rice were studied. The results indicated that, when thesoil drought stress during thetillering period, the efficacious panicles reduced 6.05-9.52 panicles eachcluster,and the drought stress occurred earliest the influence were more obviously then others. Regardless of anyperiod drought stress occurring, the dry material weight decreased after drought stress, and it dropped11.20-25.94 g each clusteruntill maturing period, and the effects of sequence were: booting stages > tilleringperiod > stages after heading. As to leaf area index the decline appeared at the stage after drought stress, andaccompanied by leaf aging and yellowing of contrast plot, the leaf area index gradually recovered to the normal,and drought stress occurred the earliest the difference were the smallest. If the drought occurred at tilleringlater stage, booting earlier stage and mid-term, thefunctional leaves (top 3 leaves) would be shorted. Droughtstress affected the photosynthetic rate of flag and second leaf count backwards mainly at tillering and bootingstages, i.e. booting stages > tillering stages > period after heading, and flag leaves decreased 3.25%-26.50%.The tendency of second leaf count backwards were the same to flag leaves, and photosynthetic rate gone orcame down 3.93%-39.66% compared with CK, and the falling range greater than flag leaves. And thephotosynthetic rate of two functional leaves were a little more than leaves of CK, when drought stress occurredat milk-ripe stage and stage of wax ripeness, because the drought dress not yet processed during the period ofdetermination. No matter any time the drought stress occurred, the chlorophyll content (SPAD) would beincreased. And the drought stress occurring at different growing stage of rice would result in the number ofproductive panicles, biological yield, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate decreased and functional leavesshorted, it finally resulted in the yield dropped to 3.57%-50.79%.Key words: Rice; Drought Stress; Dry Matter Weight; Photosynthetic Rate; Leaf Area Index; ChlorophyllContent0 引言中国北方稻区干旱频繁发生，近年来更有加剧的趋势。
