氮族练习题15章
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1 第四章 氮族
一、选择题
1. (4303)NH4NO2中N的氧化数是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) +1，-1 (B) +1，+5 (C) -3，+5 (D) -3，+3
2. (4313)下列物质中在空气中不能自燃的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) 红磷 (B) 白磷 (C) P2H4 (D) B2H6
3. (4320)下列化合物中，磷处于最高氧化态的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) H4P2O7 (B) H3PO2 (C) H3PO3 (D) PH4I
4. (4333)下列含氧酸中属于三元酸的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) H3BO3 (B) H3PO2 (C) H3PO3 (D) H3AsO4
5. (4337)用煤气灯火焰加热硝酸盐时，可分解为金属氧化物、二氧化氮和氧气的是„„„（ ）
(A) 硝酸钠 (B) 硝酸锂 (C) 硝酸银 (D) 硝酸铯
6. (4338)三氯化氮(NCl3)和三氯化磷(PCl3)的水解产物分别是„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
NCl3 PCl3
(A) NH3和HCl PH3和HOCl
(B) HNO3和HCl H3PO3和HCl
(C) HNO3和HCl PH3和HOCl
(D) NH3和HOCl H3PO3和HCl
7. (4348) PCl3和水反应的产物是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) POCl3和HCl (B) H3PO3和HCl
(C) H3PO4和HCl (D) PH3和HClO
8. (1409)下列物质的水解产物中既有酸又有碱的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) Mg3N2 (B) SbCl5 (C) POCl3 (D) NCl3
9. (1416)关于五氯化磷 (PCl5)，下列说法中不正确的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) 它由氯与PCl3反应制得 (B) 它容易水解生成磷酸(H3PO4)
(C) 它在气态时很稳定 (D) 它的固体状态是结构式为[PCl4][PCl6]的晶体
10. (1421)将NCl3通入碱性溶液，其水解产物是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) NH3和ClO (B) NH3和Cl
(C)NO2和Cl (D)NH4和Cl
11. (1304)下列物质中不是一元酸的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) CH3COOH (B) H3PO2 (C) HNO2 (D) H3PO3
12. (1422)下列各含氧酸中，三元酸是 „„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) H3PO4 (B) H3PO2 (C) H3PO3 (D) H3BO3
13. (1452)下列物质易爆的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) Pb(NO3)2 (B) Pb(N3)2 (C) PbCO3 (D) KMnO4
14. (4349)有关H3PO4、H3PO3、H3PO2不正确的论述是„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) 氧化态分别是+5，+3，+1 (B) P原子是四面体几何构型的中心
(C) 三种酸在水中的离解度相近 (D) 都是三元酸
15. (4350)有关H3PO4、H3PO3及H3PO2的论述错误的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) 它们可以分别用(HO)3PO、(HO)2PHO、HOPH2O代表
(B) 它们的相对酸性H3PO4 > H3PO3 > H3PO2
(C) 它们分别是三元酸、二元酸及一元酸 2 (D) 每个磷原子是四配位
16. (4353)根据外层电子的排布，下列化合物中有颜色的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) ScCl3 (B) NO2 (C) N2O4 (D) CuCl
17. (4360)氮气制备的方法是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) 将硝酸铵(NH4NO3)加热 (B) 将亚硝酸铵(NH4NO2)加热
(C) 将氯气与氨混合 (D) B和C
18. (4361)二氧化氮溶解在NaOH溶液中可得到：
(A) NaNO2和H2O (B) NaNO2，O2和H2O
(C) NaNO3，N2O5和H2O (D) NaNO3，NaNO2和H2O
19. (7408)N (SiH3)3和N (CH3)3都是Lewis碱，其碱性„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) N (SiH3)3 > N (CH3)3 (B) N (SiH3)3 < N (CH3)3
(C) N (SiH3)3 = N (CH3)3 (D) 不能判断
20. (7457)下列物质质子碱碱性最强的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A)NH2 (B)PH2 (C) CN (D) HS
21. (7467)下列分子中不存在离域大 键的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) O3 (B) SO3 (C) HNO3 (D) HNO2
22. (4406)下列分子中，没有34离域键的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A)N3 (B) N2O (C) HNO3 (D) Cl2O
23. (4421)下列分子中具有抗磁性的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) NO (B) NO2 (C) N2O3 (D) N2O4
24. (4422)加热分解下列物质时，该物质中各元素氧化数都发生了变化的是„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) AgNO3 (B) NH4NO3 (C) Zn(NO3)2 (D) LiNO3
25. (7300)下列各物种碱性最大的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) F (B) OH (C)NH2 (D) Ac
26. (7305)下列Lewis碱碱性最强的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ）
(A) NH2 (B)NH2 (C) (CH3)3N (D) NH3
27. (7344)不溶于硫化钠溶液的硫化物是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) As2S3 (B) Sb2S5 (C) SnS (D) HgS
28. (7366)下列分子或离子中，键角ONO最大的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A)NO2 (B) NO2 (C)NO2 (D)NO3
29. (7372)下列分子和离子中，键长最长的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) NO+ (B) NO (C) NO (D) N2
30. (7374)硫化铵溶液放置久了变为黄棕色甚至红棕色，其原因是生成了„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) (NH4)2SO4 (B) NO2 (C) S和NH3·H2O (D) (NH4)2S2
31. (7397)在H3PO4溶液中加一定量的NaOH后，溶液pH = 10.00，其中浓度最大的物种是„（ ）
(A) H3PO4 (B)HPO24 (C)HPO42 (D)PO43
32. (1403) 硝酸盐热分解可以得到单质的是„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ （ ） 3 (A) AgNO3 (B) Pb(NO3)2 (C) Zn(NO3)2 (D) NaNO3
33. (1404)在NaH2PO4溶液中加入AgNO3溶液后主要产物是„„„„„„„„„„„„„（ ）
(A) Ag2O (B) AgH2PO4 (C) Ag3PO4 (D) Ag2HPO4
二、填空题
1. (4419)常用NH3，而不是N2作为制含氮化合物的原料。原因是_________________________________。
2. (4424)阿波罗飞船以N2H4和N2O4为“推力源”的，N2H4和N2O4 反应的方程式是：
______________________________________________。
3. (4427)
Na2HPO4的水溶液呈______性，加入 AgNO3溶液生成________________沉淀，溶液的pH值变___________。
4. (4431)HCN水解生成甲酸铵，后者和P2O5共热得 HCN (它们都不是氧化还原反应)，HCN的电子式是(标明C、N的氧化态)_____________________________________。
(CN)2水解生成草酸铵，后者和P2O5共热得(CN)2(都不是氧化还原反应)，(CN)2的电子式(标明C、N的氧化态)是___________________________________。
5. (1307) (1) 氯化铵的热分解产物是____________和_____________；
(2) 化学实验室常出现洗净的玻璃器皿和擦净的玻璃上隔一段时间有一层白色沉积物，这是由于_______________________________________________。
