Providing Low Cost Read Access to Replicated Data with Multi--Level Voting

计算机英语考试题目及答案一、选择题1. What does HTML stand for?a) Hyper Text Markup Languageb) High Technology Multimedia Languagec) Home Tool Management Languaged) Human Token Marker Language答案：a) Hyper Text Markup Language2. Which of the following is not a programming language?a) Javab) Pythonc) HTMLd) C++答案：c) HTML3. What is the purpose of CSS?a) To add interactivity to web pagesb) To structure the content of web pagesc) To define the layout and style of web pagesd) To create dynamic web pages答案：c) To define the layout and style of web pages4. What is the function of a router in a computer network?a) To connect computers to the internetb) To store and manage data on a networkc) To protect the network from security threatsd) To direct network traffic between devices答案：d) To direct network traffic between devices5. Which of the following is a commonly used database management system?a) Microsoft Wordb) Adobe Photoshopc) MySQLd) Windows Media Player答案：c) MySQL二、填空题1. The process of converting source code into machine code is called ________.答案：compilation2. The most widely used programming language for web development is ________.答案：JavaScript3. TCP/IP stands for ________.答案：Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol4. The physical components of a computer are referred to as ________.答案：hardware5. SQL stands for ________.答案：Structured Query Language三、简答题1. What are the advantages of using cloud computing?答案：Cloud computing offers several advantages, including:- Cost savings: Companies can reduce their infrastructure costs by using cloud services instead of maintaining their own hardware.- Scalability: Cloud services can easily scale up or down based on demand, allowing businesses to only pay for what they need.- Flexibility: Users can access cloud services from anywhere with an internet connection, enabling remote work and collaboration.- Disaster recovery: Cloud providers often have backup systems in place, ensuring data can be recovered in case of a disaster.- Automatic updates: Cloud services are typically updated regularly by the provider, ensuring users have access to the latest features and security patches.2. Explain the difference between HTTP and HTTPS.答案：HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for transmitting data over the internet. It is not secure, meaning that the data being transmitted can be intercepted and read by anyone. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure), on the other hand, is a secure version of HTTP. It uses encryption to ensure that data is encrypted before transmission, making it much more difficult for hackers to intercept and read. HTTPS is commonly used for secure online transactions, such as submitting credit card information or personal details.四、编程题请编写一个Python程序，实现计算圆的面积和周长的功能。

Libraries are treasure troves of knowledge and offer numerous benefits to individuals of all ages and backgrounds.Here are some of the key advantages of using a library:1.Access to a Wealth of Resources:Libraries provide access to a vast array of books, journals,magazines,and digital resources.Whether you are looking for academic materials,fiction,or nonfiction,libraries cater to a wide range of interests.2.Learning and Research:Libraries are ideal places for students and researchers to delve into their subjects.They offer a quiet and focused environment that is conducive to learning and studying.3.Free or LowCost Services:Most libraries offer free access to their collections. Additionally,many provide free or lowcost services such as computer and internet access, which can be invaluable for those without these resources at home.munity Events and Programs:Libraries often host community events,workshops, and programs that can enrich your life.These can include author talks,book clubs, literacy programs,and educational classes.5.Cultural Enrichment:Libraries are not just about books they also provide access to music,films,and other forms of media that can broaden your cultural horizons.6.Personal Development:Reading and learning from a variety of sources can contribute to personal growth and development.Libraries provide the materials necessary to explore new ideas and perspectives.7.Career Advancement:For those looking to advance their careers,libraries can be a valuable resource for professional development materials,including industryspecific books and online courses.8.Digital Literacy:In the digital age,libraries play a crucial role in teaching digital literacy.They offer training on how to use various digital tools and resources effectively.9.Preservation of Knowledge:Libraries are institutions that preserve historical and cultural knowledge.They are responsible for the conservation of rare and valuable documents,ensuring that future generations can access this information.10.Social Interaction:While libraries are known for their quiet atmosphere,they also provide a space for social interaction.Meeting new people,engaging in discussions,andparticipating in group activities can be part of the library experience.11.Support for Lifelong Learning:Libraries support the idea of lifelong learning by providing resources and services to people of all ages,from children to seniors.12.Quiet Spaces for Reflection:In a busy world,libraries offer a peaceful retreat where one can read,think,and reflect without the distractions of daily life.In conclusion,libraries are essential institutions that provide more than just books they offer a space for learning,growth,and community engagement.They are a testament to the value of knowledge and its accessibility to all members of society.。

DHT11, DHT22 and AM2302 SensorsCreated by lady adahttps:///dhtLast updated on 2022-12-01 01:49:21 PM EST34681213Table of ContentsOverview• DHT11 vs DHT22Connecting to a DHTxx Sensor Using a DHTxx Sensor DHT CircuitPython Code• Adafruit CircuitPython Module Install• Wiring• Usage• Example CodePython DocsDownloads• SimulatorOverviewThis tutorial covers the low cost DHT temperature & humidity sensors (). These sensors are very basic and slow, but are great for hobbyists who want to do some basic data logging. The DHT sensors are made of two parts, a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor (). There is also a very basic chip inside that does some analog to digital conversion and spits out a digital signal with the temperature and humidity. The digital signal is fairly easy to read using any microcontroller.DHT11 vs DHT22We have two versions of the DHT sensor, they look a bit similar and have the same pinout, but have different characteristics. Here are the specs:DHT11 (http://adafru.it/386)Ultra low cost3 to 5V power and I/O2.5mA max current use during conversion (while requesting data)Good for 20-80% humidity readings with 5% accuracyGood for 0-50°C temperature readings ±2°C accuracyNo more than 1 Hz sampling rate (once every second)Body size 15.5mm x 12mm x 5.5mm4 pins with 0.1" spacing• • • • • • • •DHT22 (http://adafru.it/385)/ AM2302 () (Wired version)Low cost3 to 5V power and I/O2.5mA max current use during conversion (while requesting data)Good for 0-100% humidity readings with 2-5% accuracyGood for -40 to 80°C temperature readings ±0.5°C accuracyNo more than 0.5 Hz sampling rate (once every 2 seconds)Body size 15.1mm x 25mm x 7.7mm4 pins with 0.1" spacingAs you can see, the DHT22 (http://adafru.it/385) / AM2302 () is a little more accurate and good over a slightly larger range. Both use a single digital pin and are 'sluggish'in that you can't query them more than once every second or two.You can pick up both the DHT11 (http://adafru.it/386) and DHT22 (http://adafru.it/385)or AM2302 () from the adafruit shop!Connecting to a DHTxx SensorLuckily it is trivial to connect to these sensors, they have fairly long 0.1"-pitch pins so you can plug them into any breadboard, perfboard or similar.• • • • • • ••AM2302 (wired DHT22) temperature-humidity sensorDiscontinued - you can grab AM2301B -Wired Enclosed AHT20 - Temperature andHumidity Sensor instead!The...https:///product/393Likewise, it is fairly easy to connect up to the DHT sensors. They have four pinsVCC - red wire Connect to 3.3 - 5V power. Sometime 3.3V power isn't enough in which case try 5V power.Data out - white or yellow wireNot connectedGround - black wireSimply ignore pin 3, its not used. You will want to place a 10 Kohm resistor between VCC and the data pin, to act as a medium-strength pull up on the data line. The Arduino has built in pullups you can turn on but they're very weak, about 20-50K This diagram shows how we will connect for the testing sketch. Connect data to pin 2,you can change it later to any pin.1. 2. 3. 4. another one!If you have an AM2302Using a DHTxx SensorTo test the sketch, we'll use an Arduino. You can use any micrcontroller that can do microsecond timing, but since its a little tricky to code it up, we suggest verifying the wiring and sensor work with an Arduino to start.You should have the Arduino IDE () software running at this time. Next it’s necessary to install our DHT library, which can be done though the Arduino Library Manager:Sketch →Include Library →Manage Libraries…Enter “dht” in the search field and look through the list for “DHT sensor library by Ada fruit.” Click the “Install” button, or “Update” from an earlier version.IMPORTANT: As of version 1.3.0 of the DHT library you will also need to install the Ada fruit Unified Sensor library, which is also available in the Arduino Library Manager:Now load up the Examples→DHT→DHTtester sketch ArrayIf you're using a DHT11 sensor, comment out the line that sets the type://#define DHTTYPE DHT22 // DHT 22 (AM2302)and uncomment the line that says:#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11This will make the data appear correctly for the correct sensor. Upload the sketch!You should see the temperature and humidity. You can see changes by breathing onto the sensor (like you would to fog up a window) which should increase the humidity.You can add as many DHT sensors as you line on individual pins, just add new lines such asDHT dht2 = DHT(pin, type);below the declaration for the initial dht object, and you can reference the new dht2whenever you like.DHT CircuitPython CodeAdafruit CircuitPython Module InstallTo use the DHT sensor with your Adafruit CircuitPython board you'll need to install the Adafruit_CircuitPython_DHT () module on your board.This library uses the pulseio module in CircuitPython. As of CircuitPython 7.0.0, pulseio is no longer available on the smallest CircuitPython builds, such as the Trinket M0, Gemma M0, and Feather M0 Basic boards. You can substitute a more modern sensor, which will work better as well. See the guide ModernReplacements for DHT11 and DHT22 Sensors (https:///modern-replacements-for-dht11-dht22-sensors) for suggestions.First make sure you are running the latest version of Adafruit CircuitPython () for your board.Next you'll need to install the necessary libraries to use the hardware--carefully follow the steps to find and install these libraries from Adafruit's CircuitPython library bundle(). Our introduction guide has a great page on how to install the library bundle () for both express and non-express boards.Remember for non-express boards like the, you'll need to manually install the necessary libraries from the bundle:adafruit_dht.mpyYou can also download the adafruit_dht.mpy from its releases page on Github ().Before continuing make sure your board's lib folder or root filesystem has the adafruit _dht.mpy module copied over.WiringDHT wiring is very simple:The left-most pin is power. We recommend powering from 5V (sometimes 3V is not enough) - this is OK even if you are using 3.3V logicThe second pin is data. Connect a 10K pullup resistor from this pin to 3.3V. If you are using a DHT11 it's required. If you're using a DHT22 or AM2302 you can sometimes leave this offSkip the third pinThe right-most pin is ground•• • • • For the DATA pin you must pick a pin that has PWM support (pulseio) - Check the board's guide for what pins have timers availableHere's an example using a Trinket M0 -you can use any CircuitPython board, justcheck that the Data pin is pulseio -capable.In this example we'll use a Feather M0 andDHT22 sensor connected to pin D6Fritzing Source UsageTo demonstrate the usage of the DHT sensor module you can connect to your board's serial REPL and run Python code to read the temperature and humidity.Next connect to the board's serial REPL ()so you are at the CircuitPython >>> prompt.Next import the board and adafruit_dht modules, these are necessary modules to initialize and access the sensor:import boardimport adafruit_dhtYou may also want to try powering the DHT sensor from 5V (we found sometimes it really needs more power) but still having the 10K pull-up resistor to 3.3V volts)Now create an instance of either the DHT11 or DHT22 class, depending on the type of sensor you're using (for the AM2302 sensor use the DHT22 class). You must pass in the pin which is connected to the signal line, for example a DHT22 or AM2302 sensor connected to board pin D6 would need this code:dht = adafruit_dht.DHT22(board.D6)Note for a DHT11 sensor you'd instead use adafruit_dht.DHT11 in place of the adafruit_ dht.DHT22 code above.At this point you're all set and ready to start reading the temperature and humidity! You can do this by reading the temperature property which returns temperature in degrees Celsius:dht.temperatureTo read the humidity grab the value of the humidity property, it will return the percent humidity as a floating point value from 0 to 100%:dht.humidityIn most cases you'll always get back a temperature or humidity value when requested, but sometimes if there's electrical noise or the signal was interrupted in some way you might see an exception thrown to try again. It's normal for these sensors to sometimes be hard to read and you might need to make your code retry a few times if it fails to read. However if you always get errors and can't ever read the sensor then double check your wiring (don't forget the pull-up resistor if needed!) and the power to the device.Example CodeHere's a full example sketch which also manages error-retry logic (which will happen once in a while.Don't forget to change the logic pin to whatever pin you're using! Then save this as main.py on your CircuitPython board# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2017 Limor Fried for Adafruit Industries## SPDX-License-Identifier: MITimport timeimport adafruit_dht import boarddht = adafruit_dht.DHT22(board.D2)while True: try:temperature = dht.temperaturehumidity = dht.humidity# Print what we got to the REPLprint("Temp: {:.1f} *C \t Humidity: {}%".format(temperature, humidity)) except RuntimeError as e:# Reading doesn't always work! Just print error and we'll try again print("Reading from DHT failure: ", e.args)time.sleep(1)If you are using a DHT11, change the code to use a adafruit_dht.DHT11(board.D2) object.Open the REPL to see the output! Breathe on the sensor to see it move temperature and humidity up (unless you are a White Walker in which case the temperature will go down)Python DocsPython Docs ()DownloadsArduino library and example code for DHT sensors ()Adafruit_Sensor library () (required by the DHT library above)DHT11 datasheet ()(in chinese, so see the DHT22 datasheet too!)DHT22 datasheet ()K&R Smith calibration notes ()SimulatorYou can try out a DHT simulator by Wowki () here: https:///arduino/libraries/DHT-sensor-library ()• • • • •。

ICT Infrastructure Management Case study for GWE Module: ICT Infrastructure ManagementHaochi He(HEH09477968)Tutor: Rehan BhanaData: 29/04/2012Content pageContent page (1)1.0 Introduction (2)1.1 Background (2)1.2 Aim & Objectives (2)1.3 Requirement (3)2.0 Literature review (4)2.1 The relationship between ICT and business environment (4)2.2 ICT Infrastructure Management (5)2.3 Technologies and services of ICT Infrastructure (6)3.0 Technological Evaluation (7)4.0 Methodology (12)5.0 Solution (16)5.1 Active Directory Design (16)5.2 Deployment in Branches (20)5.3 Date Storage and Backup Solution (23)5.4 Network Security (26)5.5 The Cost (26)5.6 Organizational Requirements (28)6.0 Conclusion (30)Reference (31)Appendix (33)1.0 IntroductionThis report is mainly to figure out the current problems of ICT Infrastructure for Global Water Company, and according to the situation and the demand of the company, through the research and analysis to provide a solution.1.1 BackgroundGlobal Water is a public utility company that provides fresh water, waste water and other environmental services. And the Global Water Engineering (GWE) businesses, which contribute the major profits of company, was a merger of organization in SA, UK and US, and the Engineering business alone currently employs 5000 members of staff primarily in three locations South Africa (2000), United Kingdom (1000) and the United States (2000).Problems:The company’s logical infrastructure operates locally with only one server each. Lack of technological needs, the equipments should be update. Because GWE was a merger of organization in these locations, they have continued to operate their ICT resources independently. Furthermore the rapid growth over the last decade has extremely stretched the ICT department.1.2 Aim & ObjectivesThis report aims to developing a solution which is against the current communication problems of GWE. The solution must demonstrate both direct and indirect cost benefits. Apply technologies to provide efficient and effective services with clear operational processes to ensure availability and continuity.1.3 RequirementGW wishes to continue business and has decided to transform its current disjoint Engineering businesses technology into a sound, reliable and acceptable ICT Infrastructure. After several months of negotiation, the manager of GW agreed to offer a Capital budget of £120k and annual expense budget of £40k (excludes salaries) for the development of the ICT Infrastructure. The company also has some special requirements.Special requirementsThe capital budget can not include the physical infrastructure, as all locations have the capability of enterprise Local Area Networkinginclusive of wireless networking, four public routes and two firewalls.All server and client hardware should be the preferred product range either for IBM or HP.Preferred infrastructure platform is Microsoft Windows 2008; the server hardware is a standard HP ProLiant ML350G5 1.5TBStorage Server.The logical infrastructure should be initiated in Edinburgh as the intermediary link between the many locations.As the manager of this project, in order to achieve the goals, this report will mainly included three parts as following:●Research: Contains the background leaning of ICT, how and why ICT hasbecome a critical aspect of the business environment.●Evaluation: Discuss the technological factors applicable to your solutionand how this benefits the company●Solution: Discuss and justify your model solution for the company. Include:costs, organizational requirements and methodology.2.0 Literature reviewAfter determine the research direction, the report need to study and understand something about the ICT based on the case. In order to depth research of ICT, the report describes the relevant theories in three aspects.2.1 The relationship between ICT and business environment There is no doubt, the ICT has become a critical aspect of the business environment, as the rapid economic development, the requirement of ICT gradually increases, especially in big company. Nowadays, the ICT as a bridge in the company, an organization which has more advanced communications, which will has more competitive. ICT is an abbreviation for information and communication technology.Business Development is the process of improvement that enables a business to become more efficient, profitable, and thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. Business development therefore does not only concern marketing and sales departments, but all parts of a business which constitute its value chain and requires effective communication and co-operation within a company. (Adapted from )The business environment today has been undergoing unprecedented change and many companies are seeking new ways to stand out from the competition by sustaining their competitive advant age. In today’s highly competitive global marketplace, the pressure on organization’s to find new ways to creating and delivering value to customers is growing stronger. ICT is today being applied in many organizations in a wide range and operations areas. It has provided new ways to store, process, distribute and exchange information both withincompanies and with customers and suppliers in the supply chain. (Source: Somuyiwa and Oyesiku, 2010)The above description explains that how and why ICT has become a critical aspect of the Business environment.2.2 ICT Infrastructure ManagementIn ITIL terms, Information Communication Technology (ICT) Infrastructure Management is at the opposite side of the spectrum from Business Perspective. It is the "liaison" between Service Management and the Technology. The goal of this service is to use proven, repeatable processes to provide a stable operating environment for all the IT functions using the technology.Design and PlanningThe purpose of this set of processes is to guide the design and planning of IT enterprise architecture. The teams executing these processes work with business architects to devise a set of IT standards and workflows that satisfy current and future requirements. The work spans the product lifecycle of research, selection, introduction, maintenance and sunsetting of all IT infrastructure components. The teams determine the best technological path for the organization going forward and commission the work to attain the goals.DeploymentThese processes control the introduction of hardware and software changes into the operating environment, guiding activities in both production and test environments. The goal is to ensure that introducing changes into production operations has the least impact possible to the business and its customers.OperationsThis set of processes covers the day-to-day work required to monitor and maintain a stable IT infrastructure and operating environment. Some of the tasks associated with the processes are job scheduling, data management (including backup and recovery management), enterprise command center, physical database administration and proactive hardware maintenance.Technical SupportSome of your best and brightest technicians should be staffed in Technical Support. They are problem solvers and problem preventers. Technical Support provides Level 3 problem determination support to the entire IT community. They assist Design and Planning by providing technical evaluations, both in the form of Proof of Concept (POC) and Pilot tests of new technologies. They also assist the RFI (Request for Information) and RFP (Request for Price) processes by providing detailed configuration and specification information. Technical Support acts as a liaison with vendors on technical matters. Technical Support is also responsible for creating and maintaining the Technical Library and the technical knowledge base for the organization. (Source: )2.3 Technologies and services of ICT InfrastructureICT Infrastructure services lies in the provision of network building and system installations, hardware deployment, maintenance, support management services of related technologies, the technologies which including provision of domain controller, web server, printer server, e-mail server, storage solution, and remote access, etc.3.0 Technological EvaluationTo design an advanced platform of ICT, need consider many aspects and also need a lot of technology to support. This part will introduce several technologies and analysis how this benefits the company. First of all, it is needs to know the situation of the company, and then select related technologies to support the solution.Situation of the company:The company have thousands employees in the world, obviously GWE is a big group, but the current Operating system of each location is outdated that can not support some new technologies, such as TS Session Broker; this will affect the efficiency in some extent. So, the current operating system (Windows Server 2003) should be updated.Evaluate technologies:1. Windows Server 2008: this is the most substantial upgrade to theWindows Server product line since Windows 2000, with a sweeping set of capabilities and a reengineered core. Benefits as following:✓High security✓Low cost: As this operating system have virtualization feature, this will enable you to easily create and test development environmentswithout having to use too many resources and it’ll help the companyreduce costs.✓Enhance efficiency(Source: )2. Active Directory: This is a centralized and standardized system thatautomates management of company IT resources. Active Directory manages user data, user accounts, security, applications, servers, and other distributed resources. Active Directory is a hierarchical organization that provides a single point of access for system administration. In other words, the Active Directory service provides a single-logon capability and a central repository for information for the corporate IT infrastructure. Active directory is designed especially for distributed networking environments.This is very beneficial because it reduces redundancy and errors.(Source: )For instance, in this case, the company with branch in the UK, SA and USA, the data would need to be replicated across multiple servers in multiple geographical zones so that users could share it. Nowadays, users in UK, USA and SA can access resources across the world with just one user ID and password.Benefits of AD as following:✓Simplicity to Use, Reduce the burden of IT administrator.✓Aggregation Resources and Share Resources.✓Centralized Management and Enhances Security.✓Improved fault tolerance and minimal downtime.3. DC and RODC“On Windows Server Systems, a domain controller (DC) is a server that responds to security authentication requests (logging in, checking permissions, etc.) within the Windows Server domain.”“A read-only domain controller (RODC) is a new type of domain controller in the Windows Server 2008 operating system. With an RODC, organizations can easily deploy a domain controller in locations where physical security cannot be guaranteed. An RODC hosts read-only partitions of the Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) database.”(Source: )Benefits as following:✓Improved security✓Faster logon times✓More efficient access to resources on the networkThus, in this project, DC will use in center location which the server placed in, and RODC will use in other cities.4. SAN (Storage Area Network) & DAS (Direct Attached Storage):“Direct-attached storage (DAS) is computer storage that is directly accessible to one computer or server without special support.”()A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed special-purpose network (orsub network) that interconnects different kinds of data storage devices with associated data servers on behalf of a larger network of users. (Brennan. L., Sep 2008)There are two main drawbacks of DAS; it is difficult to expand when the data increase, and the data will not available to access when an exceptionoccurs. Thus, although, building (SAN) Storage Area Network will spend a lot of money, but in order to increase the reliability of the system, the SAN is necessary for each branch to store data, because each branch of GWE have hundreds employees.Furthermore, by comparing with the DAS, the SAN is more suitable for such a large enterprise. The SAN has two main advantages which are more manageability and more security. The SAN can provide an effective solution to the data storage demands of businesses today. It also can provide data backup and recovery; improve the data redundancy as well.5. RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks): It is a storagetechnology that combines multiple disk drive components into a logical unit.Benefits: Faster access and Higher security6. Server Cluster“A server cluster is a group of independent servers, and working together as a single system to provide high availability of services for clients. Whena failure occurs on one computer in a cluster, resources are redirectedand the workload is redistributed to another computer in the cluster.(Adapted from )The benefits of server cluster✓Improved scalability✓Higher availability✓Higher redundancy✓Higher performance7. VPN (Virtual Private Network): A VPN is a private network that uses apublic network (usually the Internet) to connect remote sites or userstogether. The VPN uses "virtual" connections routed through the Internet from the business's private network to the remote site or employee. By using a VPN, businesses ensure security -- anyone intercepting the encrypted data can't read it. (Adapted from Jeff. T and Stephanie. C)Figure 1. VPNBy considering of the Global Water is a global company, it expand to multiple offices across the country and around the world. In order to ensure business running efficiently, the people working in those locations need a fast, secure and reliable way to share information across computer networks. In addition, travelling employees like salespeople need an equally secure and reliable way to connect to their business's computer network from remote locations. Thus, this project will use VPN to support remote access and communication for travelling employees.4.0 MethodologyMethodology is a guideline system to achieve goals, with specific components such as phases, tasks, methods, techniques and tools. Use rational method can improve efficiency and reduce errors. However, there are many methods to achieve the goals.It judged from different designers habit, every designer has own method of design network. Following methodology will be used in this project.ITIL v3 (IT Infrastructure Library)“As IT services become more closely aligned and integra ted with the business, ITIL assists in establishing a business management approach and discipline to IT Service Management.” (Source: ITIL Version 3)Figure 2. IT Infrastructure LibraryAs above figure shown, the ITIL V3 has formalized the lifecycle into five phases: Service Strategy, Service Design, Service Transition, Service Operation, and Continual Service Improvement. The ITIL V3 lifecycle phasesare separate, yet closely related, as following shows:✓Service StrategyTo identify the demand for new services and develop an integrated comprehensive plan to supply these services. In this stage, the enterprise creates a business case for ICT Infrastructure upgrades.The case include the ICT Infrastructure how to deal with the enterprise’s demand, and financial assessment of invested in new technologies and services. The strategy is improving the ICT structure and technology by available and reasonable applications, which meets the business environment of GWE.✓Service DesignAccording to project strategy, the design should satisfy the demands of GWE, Including scalability, reliability, security, and manageability.✓Service TransitionAfter design approved, enter the implementation and testing phase. Purpose: To plan and implement the deployment of all releases to create to a new service or improve and existing service. Ensure that the proposed changes in the Service Design phase are realized.✓Service OperationThe operational phase is the ultimate test of the Design Rationality. Operational phase involves maintaining the ICT Infrastructure operation. Fault detection and Performance monitoring in the daily operations can provide preliminary data for the optimization phase✓Continual Service ImprovementThis stage is the active management of the ICT Infrastructure, discover and solve the problem, if the network or other services fault frequently and the performance did not achieve the expected effect, then you need to troubleshoot, and redesign the problem areas.Every method has its drawbacks; while the advantages usually far outweigh the disadvantages, following table shows advantages and disadvantages of ITIL V3.Table 1. Two sides of ITIL V3Time ArrangementAdditionally, in the beginning, needs to develop a Gantt chart, and then follow the arrangement, step by step to complete the task.Figure 3. Gantt chart of this ProjectRapid Prototype ModelFor various reasons, it is very difficult to gain the consistent, accurate and reasonable requirement specification from the enterprise in the requirements analysis phase. They might change the requirement in the design phase, but by use Rapid Prototype Model (RPM) can deal with this situation, once get some basic requirements, quickly to make it “realization”. Then complement and re-design the prototype according to the prototype feedback. This will eliminate the uncoordinated system requirement, and gradually identify variety needs, thereby to obtain a reasonable, unambiguous, complete and realistic requirement specification. (Adapted from )Table 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of RPMIn this Case, RPM conducts as following steps:(1).Rapidly designs a brief and short prototype of whole network and ICTInfrastructure at beginning.(2).In the process of trial prototype, user and designer to communicate witheach other.(3). According to the change of the demands and feedback of the users go tostep (1) to complement and reworked as necessary until an acceptable prototype is finally achieved from which the complete system can be developed.5.0 SolutionAccording to the technology evaluation in Part 3, this project will prefer Microsoft Windows 2008 Enterprise as platform. Installing Active Directory Domain Service witch is the foundations in the beginning.5.1 Active Directory DesignInstalling ADDS can create a new domain tree. As GWE was a merger of organisation in three locations, they are United Kingdom, United States, and South Africa. Thus, firstly should connect each location and centralized management by Active Directory, so that share resource and synchronizes account information with security and manageability.In a multiple domain environment, may be need to exchange and share information between different domains, such as user accounts and group policysettings, at this time, need a role named forest, which can provide sharing information between different domains under the forest. “An AD forest consists of two or more separate domain trees, which have the same two-way trust relationships between them as two domains in the same tree.” (Microsoft) The name of domain will based on the DNS namespaces regulation, the root domain is named as , under this root, the three sub-domains are named as , and .Figure 4. Active Directory forest structureAn organization (GWE) can only have one forest (), but under the forest, they can be divided into many domains and sites.According to Microsoft's theory, “To facilitate the replication process, Active Directory includes another administrative division calledthe site. A site is defined as a collection of subnets that have good connectivity between them.”In Active Directory, The site should use forest and domain tree structure. In the three countries, the enterprise ’s branch also located in different cities. Thus, this project will create domain tree and deploy DC (domain controllers) for the same domain in multiple sites. The domain name and site name as following shows:Figure 5. The domain and sites of GWEIn order to achieve the goal of security and efficiency, this project will deploy the DC (Domain Controllers) in the city which the server placed in, for security considering, it will deploy the RODC (Read Only DC) in other cities. In branch offices it is often hard to get the physical security needed for an ICT infrastructure, especially for Domain Controllers that contain sensitive data.In addition, RODC only supports uni-directional replication of Active Directory changes. The RODC will receive everything from Active Directory but sensitive information, by default accounts such as Domain Admins, Enterprise Admins are excluded from the replication to RODC.For example, in UK, the server was placed in Edinburgh; therefore, the DC should be deployed in Edinburgh, and for other city, such as West Bromwich, should be deployed the RODC. As following show:Figure 6. DC & RODCThis is a big advantage for branch offices, for instance, if someone gains physical access to the server in branch (New York, USA) or even steals it, the person might be able to crack the passwords on the user accounts in AD, butnot any of the sensitive accounts, because they are not located on the RODC.Because GWE has many branch sites and many users, even in some locations, such as Durban, the quantity of desktop (300) is less than actual users (400); the staff in Durban might use their personal computer. Thus, in order to deal with those situations, this project will deploy Group Policy under the AD to help administrators can flexibilityto manage different groups. By Group Policy, administrators can assign users working environment and permissions, also Administrator can create different Permissions for different groups by using group policy.Figure 7. GPOIn addition, as above figure shown, the Group Policy provide the administrator in a central point can configure a GPO (Group Policy Object) at the site level, domain level or OU level, the new policy such as applications are configured at the Active Directory level and it will be inherited by the domain member computers.After locations connected, next stage will solve out problems in each branch.5.2 Deployment in BranchesBecause there are hundreds of employees in every branch office of GWE, thus, needs to build a LAN (Local Area Network) for each branch, and then deploy services and applications to realize data sharing and information exchange.In this project, according to the technology evaluation in Part 3, below are several services and applications which need to deploy in each branch offices.DNS (Domain Name System): When configure with domain name, need to install DNS in every Domain Controllers.DHCP:The network of GWE will use DHCP dynamically assign IP addresses to achieve efficient use of IP resources, distribution according to need, when an IP address is not in use, it can be released for other new access. In addition, it can avoid IP conflict to improve network reliability.DHCP also support that network administrator can assign IP addresses from a central point, and do not need entered IP address one by one manually, this will greatly improve efficiency and reduce error.Web Server: This project will use Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.5 as the Web Server to deal with large workload from website, and only need to deploy it in centre server of each domain. By using IIS 7.5, it is not only providing common HTTP features, but also provide File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server features. The FTP Server enables the transfer of files between a client and server by using the FTP protocol. Users can establish an FTP connection and transfer files by using an FTP client or FTP-enabled Web browser.File Server: “The File Server enables clients to access files and otherresources over the network ” (Source: )In order to improve efficiency by resource sharing, this project will deploy File Server in each branch of GWE, it will provide the employees to store and access file across network.However, in fact, some employees will put their personal files on the File Server; this might lead to tension in server capacity. To avoid this situation, need a planthat limits storage capacity for each account, which called Quotas the disk.In addition, the data security is also very important, especially sensitive data, like core technology and financial information of GWE. Therefore, in the network, need to set up access permission by configure ACL (Access Control List) to ensure data security, as following shows:Figure 8. ACL (Access Control List)Print Server: A print server is a device that share printer and connects printers to workstation over a network. Because each branch of GWE has hundreds of employees, it is impossible to be equipped with a printer for each workstation. Thus, this project will deploy the Print Server in each network of branch offices, then, the employees can share printer. This will reduce costs and improve efficiency for GWE.VPN Server: By considering of the GWE is a global organization, it expand to multiple offices across the country and around the world, and each branch of GWE are primarily based through public networks to communications. Thus, this project will deploy VPN Server to support a security remote access, and communications for travelling employees.Terminal Server: Terminal Server allowed remote applications or even whole desktop to its client. So, this project will install Terminal Server on central server to make administrator management Centralized. This will save the budget and improve the efficiency.Mail Server: In GWE, E-Mail could be one of major way to communication between and among organizations and employees. The Mail Server provides e-mail transfer and retrieval services. On the Mail Server, administrators can store and manage e-mail accounts; users can connect to the mail server and retrieve e-mail to their local computer by an e-mail account. This project will deploy Mail Server in each branch of GWE, and in each branch configure a computer as a mail server to install e-mail services.5.3 Date Storage and Backup SolutionBy comparing and analyzing in part 3, this project will build a Storage Area Network (SAN) system in each branch network to store data. In the branch, to separate storage area and servers by SAN, this can be achieved centralized management and 24×7 uninterrupted availability.Figure 9. SANAs above figure shown, the SAN is an independent network, to connect storage device and servers by Fiber Channel (FC), when the access needs of lager amounts of data, the data can be high speed transmission via the SAN network between relevant servers and storage devices, and the bandwidth consumption is almost zero, so that reduce the load of the LAN, also, it is providing high expansibility.By considering of better redundancy and faster access, this project will choose Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) type for storage. Data Replication and Server Clustering will be use for provide the benefits of network load balancing, data backup and fail-over.。

2019年6⽉英语六级真题第三套2019年6⽉⼤学英语六级考试（卷三）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A(听⼒部分同卷⼆)Directions:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany's.B)Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C)Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D)Why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn.2.A)Her unique personality. B)Her physical condition.C)Her shift of i nterest to performing arts. D)Her family's suspension of financial aid.3.A) She was not an outgoing person. B)She was easy-going on the whole.C)She was modest and hardworking D)She was usually not very optimistic.4.A)She was i nfluenced by the roles she played in the films.B)Her parents taught her to symbolize with the needy.C)She learned t o v olunteer when s he w as a c hild.D)Her family benifited from other people's help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) Give a presentation. B)Rise some questions.C)Start a n ew company. D)Attend a board meeting.6.A) It will cut production costs. B)It will raise productivity.C)No staff will be dismissed. D)No new staff will be hired.7.A) The timeline of r estructuring. B) The reasons for restructuring.C) The communication channels. D) The company's new missions.8.A) By consulting their own department managers.B)By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C)By exploring various channels of communication.D)By visiting the company's own computer network.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter o n Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B)It has animals to help passengers carry their language.C)It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers.D)It allows passengers to have animal travel with them.IO.A) Avoiding possible dangers.B)Finding their way around.C)Identifying drug smugglers.D)Looking after sick passengers.I I.A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B)Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C)Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D)Bring their animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.I2.A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B)Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C)At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D)At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13.A) A number of different images. B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments. D) Paintings by famous French artists.14.A) The originality and expertise shown. B) The worldly sophistication displayed.C)The stunning images vividly depicted. D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15.A) His artistic taste is superb. B) His identity remains unclear.D)He was a collector of antiques. D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) They encourage international cooperation.B)They lay stress on basic scientific research.C)They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D)They favour scientists from its member countries.17.A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B)They believe that more hands will make light work.C)They want to follow closely the international trend.D)Many of their projects have become complicated.18.A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B)It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C)It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D)It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B)Scientists discovered water on Venus.C)Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D)Scientists observed Venus f rom a s pace v ehicle.20.A) It resembles Earth in many aspects.B)It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C)I t is a paradise of romance for alien life.D)I t undergoes geological changes like Earth.21.A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B)It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C)I t used to have more water than Earth.D)I t used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) Causes of sleeplessness.C)Cultural psychology.23.A) They attach great importance to s leep.B)They often have trouble falling asleep.C)They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.B)Cross-cultural communication.D)Motivation and positive feelings.D)They generally sleep l onger than E ast A sians.24.A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B)By observing people's sleep patterns in labs.C)B y having people wear motion-detecting watches.D)B y videotaping people's daily sleeping processes.25.A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B)It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of s leep.C)It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D)It has attached attention all over the world.Part mSection AReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than onceSteel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel 26 become brittle (脆的）at temperatures below about -25 unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists 27 at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness —without the need for expensive 28.Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed ( ⽤鱼雷攻击）numerous British ships, a 2,700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful"Liberty ships"was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the 29 British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships 30 in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sankBrittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic So scientists have 31 to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical 32 . Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is 33 to that of modem steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.Kimura's team ends to use its tempfomed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of 34 needed in a construction job and their weight—by repl aci ng solid supports with 35 tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridgesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2The future of personal satellite technology is here_are we ready for it?A)Satellites used to be the exclusive playthings of rich governments and wealthy corporations. But increasingly, as space becomes more democratized, they are coming within reach ordinary people. Just like drones (⽆⼈机） before them, miniature satellites are beginning to fundamentally transform our conceptions of who gets to do what up above our headsB)A s a recent report from the National Academy of Sciences highlights, these satellites holdtremendous potential for making satellite-based science more accessible than ever before. However,as the cost of getting your own satellite in orbit drops sharply, the risks of irresponsible use grow. The question here is nolonger"Can we?"but"Should we?"What are the potential downsides of having a slice of space densely populated by equipment built by people not traditionally labeled as"professionals"? And what would the responsible and beneficial development and use of this technology actually look like? Some of the answers may come from a nonprofit organization that has been building and launching amateur satellites for nearly 50 yearsC)H aving your personal satellite launched into orbit might sound like an idea straight out of science fiction. But over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that fits the bill: CubeSats The"Cube"here simply refers to the satellite's shape. The most common CubeSat is a I0cm cube, so small that a single CubeSat could easily be mistaken for a paperweight on your desk. These mini-satellites can fit m a launch vehicle's formerly"wasted space."Multiples can be deployed in combination for more complex m1ss10ns than could be achieved by one CubeSat aloneD)D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communicationsreceivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They're primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.E)D) Within their compact bodies these minute satellites are able to house sensors and communicationsreceivers/transmitters that enable operators to study Earth from space, as well as space around Earth. They're primarily designed for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) - an easily accessible region of space from around 200 to 800 miles above Earth, where human-tended missions like the Hubble Space Telescope and the International Space Station (ISS) hang out. But they can attain more distant orbits; NASA plans for most of its future Earth-escaping payloads (to the moon and Mars especially) to carry CubeSats.F)The first CubeSat was created in the early 2000s, as a way of enabling Stanford graduate students to design, build, test and operate a spacecraft with similar capabilities to the USSR's Sputnik (前苏联的⼈造卫星）. Since then, NASA, the National Reconnaissance Office and even Boeing have all launched and operated CubeSats There arc more than 130 currently in operation. The NASA Educational Launch of Nano Satellite program, which offers free launches for educational groups and science missions, is now open to U.S. nonprofit corporations as well. Clearly, satellites are not just for rocket scientists anymoreG)The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris - pieces of“junk”that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including the ISSH)The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and the training of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris - pieces of“junk”that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, includingI)The National Academy of Sciences report emphasizes CubeSats' importance in scientific discovery and thetraining of future space scientists and engineers. Yet it also acknowledges that widespread deployment of LEO CubeSats isn't risk-flee. The greatest concern the authors raise is space debris - pieces of“junk”that orbit the earth, with the potential to cause serious damage if they collide with operational units, including J)In 1969, the Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation (AMSAT) was created in order to foster ham radio enthusiasts' (业余⽆线电爱好者) participation in space research and communication. It continued the efforts, begun in 1961, by Project OSCAR- a U.S.-based group that built and launched the very first nongovernmental satellite just four years after Sputnik. As an organization of volunteers, AMSAT wasputting“amateur”satellites in orbit decades before the current CubeSat craze. And over time, its members have learned a thing or two about responsibility.K)H ere, open.source development has been a central principle, Within the organization, AMSAT has a philosophy of open sourcing everything making technical data on all aspects of their satellites fully available to everyone in the organization, and when possible, the public. According to a member of the team responsible for FOX 1-A, AMSAT's first CubeSat, this means that there s no way to sneak something like explosives or an energy emitter into an amateur satellite when everyone has access to the designs and implementation.However, they're more cautious about sharing information with nonmembers, as the organization guards against others developing the ability to hijack and take control of their satellites. This form of“self-governance”is possible within long-standing amateur organizations that, over time, are able to build a sense of responsibility to community members, as well as society in general. But what happens when new players emerge, who don't have deep roots within the existing culture?L)Hobbyists and students are gaining access to technologies without being part of a long-standing amateur establishment. They're still constrained by funders, launch providers and a series of regulations - all of which rein in what CubeSat developers can and cannot do. But there's a danger they're ill-equipped to think through potential unintended consequences. What these unintended consequences might be is admittedly far from clear. Yet we know innovators can be remarkably creative with taking technologies in unexpected directions. Think of something as seemingly benign as the cellphone - we have microfinance and text-based social networking at one end of the spectrum, and improvised (临时制作的) explosive devices at the other.M)This is where a culture of social responsibility around CubeSats becomes important - not simply to ensure that physical risks are minimized, but to engage with a much larger community in anticipating and managing less obvious consequences of the technology. This is not an easy task. Yet the'evidence from AMSAT and other areas of technology development suggests that responsible amateur communities can and do emerge around novel technologies. The challenge here, of course, is ensuring that what an amateur communities considers to be responsible, actually is. Here's where there needs to be a much wider public conversation that extends beyond government agencies and scientific communities to include students, hobbyists, and anyone who may potentially stand to be affected by the use of CubeSat technology.36.Given the easier accessibility to space, it is time to think about how to prevent misuse ofsatellites.37.A group of mini-satellites can work together to accomplish more complex tasks .38.The greater accessibility of mini-satellites increases the risks oftheir irresponsible use39.Even school pupils can have their CubeSats put in orbit owing to the lowered launching cost.40.AMSAT is careful about sharing information with outsiders to prevent hijacking oftheir satellites.41.NASA offers to launch CubeSats free of charge for educational and research purposes.42.Even with constraint, it is possible for some creative developers to take the CubeSat technology in directions that result in harmful outcomes43.While making significant contributions to space science, CubeSats may pose hazards to other space vehicles .44.Mini-satellites enable operators to study Earth from LEO and space around it.45.AMSAT operates on the principle of h aving all its technical data accessible to its members,preventing the abuse ofamateur satellites.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centrePassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When I re-entered the full-time workforce a few years ago after a decade of solitary self-employment, there was one thing I was looking forward to the most: the opportunity to have work friends once again. It wasn’t until I entered the corporate world that I realized, for me at least, being friends with colleagues didn’t emerge as a priority at all. This is surprising when you consider the prevailing emphasis by scholars and trainers and managers on the importance of cultivating close interpersonal relationships at work. So much research has explored the way in which collegial (同事的) ties can help overcome a range of workplace issues affecting productivity and the quality of work output such as team-based conflict, jealousy, undermining, anger, and more.Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment. Whereas now, as I near the end of my fourth decade, I realize work can be fully functional and entirely fulfilling without needing to be best mates with the people sitting next to you.In an academic analysis just published in the profoundly-respected Journal of Management, researchers have looked at the concept of “indifferent relationships”.It’s a simple term that encapsulates (概括) the fact that relationships at work can reasonably be non-intimate, inconsequential, unimportant and even, dare I say it, disposable or substitutable.Indifferent relationships are neither positive nor negative. The limited research conducted thus far indicates they’re especially dominant among those who value independence over cooperation, and harmony over confrontation. Indifference is also thepreferred option among those who are socially lazy. Maintaining relationships over the long term takes effort. For some of us, too much effort.As noted above, indifferent relationships may not always be the most helpful approach in resolving some of the issues that pop up at work. But there are nonetheless several empirically proven benefits. One of those is efficiency. Less time chatting and socializing means more time working and churning (产出）.The other is self-esteem. As human beings, we're primed to compare ourselves to each other in what 1s an anxiety-inducing phenomenon. Apparently, we look down on acquaintances more so than friends. Since the former is most common among those inclined towards indifferent relationships, their predominance can bolster individuals' sense of self-worth.Ego aside, a third advantage is that the emotional neutrality of indifferent relationships has been found to enhance critical evaluation, to strengthen one's focus on task resolution, and to gain greater access to valuable information. None ofthat might be as fun as after-work socializing but, hey, I'll take it anyway46.What did the author realize when he re-entered the corporate world?A)Making new friends with his workmates was not as easy as he had anticipatedB)Cultivating positive interpersonal relationships helped him expel solitary feelings.C)Working in the corporate world requires more interpersonal skills than self-employment.D)Building close relationships with his colleagues was not as important as he had expected47.What do we learn from many studies about collegial relationships?A)Inharmonious relationships have an adverse effect on productivityB)Harmonious relationships are what many companies s aim to cultivateC)Close collegial relationships contribute very little to product qualityD)Conflicting relationships in the workplace exist almost everywhere48.What can be inferred about relationships at work from an academic analysis?A)They should be cultivatedB)They are virtually irrelevantC)They are vital to corporate cultureD)They should be reasonably intimate49.What does the author say about people who are socially lazy?A)They feel uncomfortable when engaging in social interactionsB)They often find themselves in confrontation with their colleaguesC)They are unwilling to make efforts to maintain Workplace r elationshipsD)They lack basic communication skills in dealing with interpersonal issues50.What is one of the benefits of indifferent relationships?A)They provide fun at workB)They help control emotionsC)They help resolve differencesD)They improve work efficiencyPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In a few decades, artificial intelligence (AI) will surpass many of the abilities that we believe make us special This is a grand challenge for our age and it may require an "irrational" responseOne of the most significant pieces of news from the US in early 2017 was the efforts of Google to make autonomous driving a reality. According to a report, Google’s self-driving cars clocked 1,023,330 krn, and required human intervention 124 times. That is one intervention about every 8,047 km of autonomous driving. But even more impressive is the progress in just a single year: human interventions fell from 0.8 times per thousand miles to 0.2, a 400% improvement. With such progress, Google’s cars will easily surpass my own driving ability later this year.Driving once seemed to be a very human skill. But we said that about chess, too. Then a computer beat the human world champion, repeatedly. The board game Go ( 围棋）took over from chess as a new test for human thinking in 2016, when a computer beat one of the world's lea⼩ng professional Go players. With computers conquering what used to be deeply human tasks, what will it mean in the future to be human? I worry about my six-year-old son. What will his place be in a world where machines beat us in one area after another? He'll never calculate faster, never drive better, or even fly more safely. Actually, it all comes down to a fairly simple questionWhat's so special about us? It can't be skills like arithmetic, which machines already excel in. So far, machines have a pretty hard time emulating creativity, arbitrary enough not to be predicted by a computer, and yet more than simple randomness. Perhaps, if we continue to improve information-processing machines, we’ll soon have helpful rational assistants. So we must aim to complement the rationality of the machine, rather than to compete with it. If I'm right, we should foster a creative spirit because a dose of illogical creativity will complement the rationality of the machine. Unfortunately, however, our education system has not caught up to the approaching reality. Indeed, our schools and universities are structured to mould pupils to be mostly obedient servants of rationality, and to develop outdated skills in interacting with outdated machines. We need to help our children learn how to best work with smart computers to improve human decision-making. But most of all we need to keep the long-term perspective in mind: that even if computers will outsmart us, we can still be the most creative. Because if we aren’t,we won’t be providing much value in future ecosystems, and that may put in question the foundation for our existence.51.What is the author's greatest concern about the use of AI?A)Computers are perfoming lots of creative tasksB)Many abilities will cease to be unique to human bemgsC)Computers may become more rational than humansD)Many human skills are fast becoming outdated52.What impresses the author most in the field of AI?A)Google's experimental driverless cars require little human interventionB)Google's cars have surpassed his driving ability in j ust a single yearC)Google has made huge progress in autonomous driving in a short timeD)Google has become a world leader in the field of a utonomous driving53.What do we learn from the passage about creativity?A)It is rat10nalB)It is predictableC)It is human specificD)It is yet to be emulated by AI54.What should schools help children do in the era of AI?A)Cultivate original thinkingB)Learn to work independentlyC)Compete with smart machinesD)Understand how AI works55.How can we humans justify our future existence?A)By constantly outsmarting computersB)By adopting a l ong-term perspectiveC)By r ationally c ompromising w ith A ID)By providing value with our creativityPart IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. Y ou should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2成语(Chinese idioms) 是汉语中的⼀种独特的表达⽅式，⼤多由四个汉字组成。

整理过程参考了一末夕阳的博客，复习过程的心得是，一百题看完复习前一部分,同时我还整理了一份打印版本的，上面只有题目，没有答案，建议在电脑上先看答案整理那一份,没有答案的那份打印出来，复习使用，可以有效加强记忆。

1.While deploying a new application module, the software vendor ships the application software along with appropriate SQL plan baselines for the new SQLs being introduced。

Which two statements describe the consequences? (Choose two.)A。

The plan baselines can be evolved over time to produce better performance。

B. The newly generated plans are directly placed into the SQL plan baseline without being verified。

C。

The new SQL statements initially run with the plans that are known to produce good performance under standard test configuration.D. The optimizer does not generate new plans for the SQL statements for which the SQL plan baseline has been imported.当部署一个新的应用模块时，软件供应商与用于被引入的新SQL的适当的SQL计划基线一起运送应用软件。

哪两个语句描述了后果？A，计划基线可以随着时间的推移演变,产生更好的性能。

Improve Application Access and Security With Fortinet Zero Trust Network AccessExecutive SummaryThe massive shift from working in an office to working at home has highlightedmany security and connectivity challenges. In addition, today’s networks arehighly distributed with resources spread across data centers and multipleclouds. It’s critical for organizations to enable secure access from anywhere toany application—while applying consistent security policies. That’s why today’senterprises need to evolve remote access from traditional virtual private networks(VPNs) to a zero-trust network access (ZTNA) solution. SOLUTION BRIEF Gartner predicts that by 2023, 60% of enterprises will phase out traditional VPNs and use a ZTNA model.1Fortinet ZTNA simplifies secure connectivity and reduces the attack surface. Users are authenticated and verifiedbefore they are allowed to access a particular application. The solution includes a set of products that integrate into the Fortinet Security Fabric, enabling easy management and end-to-end visibility.Fortinet ZTNA AdvantagesBuilding a zero-trust network access solution requires a variety of components—a client, a proxy, authentication, and security. But in most organizations, these solutions are provided by different vendors. The components often run on different operating systems and use different consoles for management and configuration, so establishing a zero-trust model across vendors is nearly impossible.With Fortinet, not only can you easily establish zero-trust access through one vendor but also with one operating system. FortiOS 7.0 updates turn an organization’s existing Fortinet infrastructure into the newest part of a zero-trust architecture. FortiGate next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) and FortiClient endpoint protection employ ZTNA capabilities with simplified management. The same adaptive, application access policy is used whether users are on or off the network. And, bybuilding ZTNA into FortiOS, it’s tightly integrated into the Fortinet Security Fabric, enabling easy management andsuperior visibility.Fortinet can apply ZTNA to remote users, home offices, and other locations, such as retail stores, by offeringcontrolled remote access to applications. It’s easier and faster to initiate than a traditional VPN. This gives users a better experience while providing a more granular set of security protections. It doesn’t matter if applications are in the data center, private cloud, or public cloud. Users and applications can be geographically independent and still create secure and reliable connections.Data CenterPublic CloudFortiClient Campus FortiClientBranchFortiClientRemoteSaaSCopyright © 2021 Fortinet, Inc. All rights reserved. Fortinet ®, FortiGate ®, FortiCare ® and FortiGuard ®, and certain other marks are registered trademarks of Fortinet, Inc., and other Fortinet names herein may also be registered and/or common law trademarks of Fortinet. All other product or company names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Performance and other metrics contained herein were attained in internal lab tests under ideal conditions, and actual performance and other results may vary. Network variables, different network environments and other conditions may affect performance results. Nothing herein represents any binding commitment by Fortinet, and Fortinet disclaims all warranties, whether express or implied, except to the extent Fortinet enters a binding written contract, signed by Fortinet’s General Counsel, with a purchaser that expressly warrants that the identified product will perform according to certain expressly-identified performance metrics and, in such event, only the specific performance metrics expressly identified in such binding written contract shall be binding on Fortinet. For absolute clarity, any such warranty will be limited to performance in the same ideal conditions as in Fortinet’s internal lab tests. Fortinet disclaims in full any covenants, representations, and guarantees pursuant hereto, whether express or implied. Fortinet reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice, and the most current version of the publication shall be applicable. Fortinet disclaims in full any covenants, representations, and guarantees pursuant hereto, whether express or implied. Fortinet reserves the right to change, modify, transfer, or otherwise revise this publication without notice, and the most current version of the publication shall be applicable.March 2, 2021 10:27 AMHow It WorksThe Fortinet solution enables ZTNA capabilities by leveraging new features inFortiOS 7.0 and by using FortiClient as the ZTNA agent. To protect traffic over theinternet, the FortiClient ZTNA agent on the device creates an encrypted, securetunnel from the device to the ZTNA enforcement point (FortiGate).This tunnel is created on-demand, transparent to the user, which solves a majorpain point of VPN remote access. Because everyone on the network is no longerconsidered automatically trusted, the same tunnel is created whether the user is onor off the network.This architecture has benefits on the application side, as well. Because the user isconnecting to the FortiGate and then proxying that connection to the application,the application can exist on-premises, in a private cloud, or in a public cloud—allwhile hidden from the internet. The application only needs to establish a connectionwith the FortiGate, keeping it hidden from prying hackers or bots.Secure Remote Access for Today’s Distributed Networks and UsersFortinet makes it easy to transition from traditional VPN to ZTNA. With thetechnology built into the FortiOS operating system, delivering consistent andsecure access, regardless of user or application location, is simplified. It’s abetter experience for the end-user and easier to manage for the network admin.Moreover, the attack surface is reduced via the ongoing verifications and proxy-edapplications. The Fortinet ZTNA solution delivers more secure remote access than atraditional VPN, while enabling a better user experience. Fortinet ZTNA does not require secure access service edge (SASE) services. However, Fortinet SASE can become FortiOS proxy points when they shift to FortiOS 7.0. SASE and ZTNA services will be able to be delivered alongside each other. n n ZTNA will provide secure access and application access control.n n SASE will provide the Firewall-as-a-Service (FWaaS), sandboxing, data loss prevention (DLP), secure web gateway (SWG), and malware protection, as well as the network peering.1 Mike Wronski, “Since Remote Work Isn’t Going Away, Security Should Be the Focus ,” Dark Reading, September 24, 2020.。