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What are idioms?
a cool cat = a really calm person blow one's stack = lose control over oneself fly off the handle = become excessively angry what's more = furthermore get away with = commit an illegitimate act without penalty of course = naturally
9.1.3 Idiomaticity
Three levels of idiomaticity: 1. Totally idiomatic: the salt of the earth 非常正派、诚实的人 writing on the wall 凶兆 The meaning cannot be deduced.
What are idioms?
Definition: Idioms are set phrases or short sentences, which are peculiar to the language in question, and whose meanings are often difficult or impossible to deduce from the literal meanings of the constituents构件.
Sam is a real cool cat. He never blows his stack and hardly ever flies off the handle. What are knows how to get away What's more, heidioms? with things... Well, of course, he is getting on, too. His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy. He gets up early, works out, and turns in early. He takes care of the hot dog stand like a breeze until he gets time off. Sam's got it made; this is it for him.
9.1.2 Structural Stability
3. The constituents cannot be deleted or added to. Diamond cut diamond. * A diamond cuts diamond. out of the question = impossible * out of question = impossible out of question = undoubtedly
9.1.2 Structural Stability
4. Many idioms are grammatically unanalyzable. Diamond cut diamond. * Diamond cuts diamond. Like cures like. * Like cure like. as sure as eggs is eggs * as sure as eggs are eggs
Sam is a real cool cat. He never blows his stack and hardly ever flies off the handle. What are knows how to get away What's more, heidioms? with things... Well, of course, he is getting on, too. His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy. He gets up early, works out, and turns in early. He takes care of the hot dog stand like a breeze until he gets time off. Sam's got it made; this is it for him.
What are idioms?
take care of = manage or look after like a breeze = without effort or easily time off = time for rest get it made = be successful this is it = be in a position or place, or have possession of an object beyond which more of the same is unnecessary
What are idioms?
get on = get old pepper and salt = grey (hair) make up for = compensate for lost time = time wasted take it easy = relax, not worry get up = rise from bed turn in = go into bed
9.1.1 Semantic Unity
The semantic unity is also reflected in the illogic combination of the constituents. wear one‟s heart upon one‟s sleeve = show one‟s feelings openly rain cats and dogs = rain heavily wear the trousers = (of the wife) have overall control
slang literary expressLeabharlann Baiduon
adverb idioms Sentence idioms
shortening
dismembering
BACK
What are idioms?
Pick out the idioms:
Sam is a real cool cat. He never blows his stack and hardly ever flies off the handle. What's more, he knows how to get away with things... Well, of course, he is getting on, too. His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy. He gets up early, works out, and turns in early. He takes care of the hot dog stand like a breeze until he gets time off. Sam's got it made; this is it for him.
9.1 Characteristics of Idioms 9.1.1 Semantic Unity
Example: kick the bucket (V + N) = die (functioning as a verb) till the cows come home (Pron+N+V+Adv) = forever (functioning as an adv) Each idiom is a semantic unity语义的整体性. The meanings of the constituents do not contribute to the meaning of the whole.
9.1.2 Structural Stability
Idioms are structurally stable. Their structures are fixed to a large extent. 1. The constituents cannot be changed. kick the bucket * strike the bucket * kick the pail * kick a bucket
Sam is really a calm person. He never loses control of himself and hardly ever becomes too angry. Furthermore, he knows how to manage What are idioms? his business financially by using a few tricks… Needless to say, he, too, is getting older. His hair is beginning to turn grey, but he knows how to compensate for wasted time by relaxing. He rises early, exercises, and goes to bed early. He manages his frankfurter dispensary without visible effort, until it is someone else's turn to work there. Sam is successful, he has reached his life's goal.
9.1.3 Idiomaticity
Semantic unity and structural stability are closely related to idiomaticity 习用度. The higher the idiomaticity, the higher the stability and semantic unity. （习语的）习用度越高, 其结构的稳定性和 意义的整体性就越高。
9.1.2 Structural Stability
2. The word-order cannot be changed. by twos and threes 三三两两 * by threes and twos the lion‟s share 最大的份额 * the share of the lion
semantic unity
phonetic manipulation
lexical manipulation figures of speech
structural stability
noun idioms Adjectives idioms verb idioms
replacement addition or deletion position-shifting
9
English Idioms
第九部分
Definition Characteristics of idioms Classification of idioms Stylistic features colloquialisms Use of idioms Rhetorical features Variations
