形容词的比较级和最高级知识讲解
一、形容词的主要句法功能（让学生举例说明）
1. 做定语，放于名词前或不定代词后。如：I have something interesting to tell you.
2. 做表语，放于系动词后。如：The book is very useful.
3. 做宾语补足语，放在keep, make, leave, find等动词的宾语后做宾语补足语。如：Don’t keep the door closed.
4. 以a-开头的形容词alive, asleep, afraid, alone等一般只做表语（alive 有时可做后置定语）
5. the 加上某些形容词相当于名词，表示某一类人或事物。如：The blind need help.
6. 修饰表示长度、宽度和厚度等计量单位的词时，要后置。如：half a meter deep
7. 下列以- ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly, silly, lovely,lonely,lively等。
8. 多个形容词作定语时顺序，“限观形龄颜国材”。如: a small old blank wooden desk
二、副词的主要句法功能（学生举例说明）
9. 做状语，修饰形容词副词，通常放在所修饰词之前；修饰动词时，一般放在被修饰词之后；位于句首，修饰整个句子。Luckily, he wasn’t badly hurt.
10. 做定语，一般放在所修饰词之后。如：the people here, the man upstairs
11形容词变副词规则变化：
①直接加ly②以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为i，再加-ly”③le结尾变le为ly Eg: possible--- possibly terrible--- terrible comfortable –comfortably simple—simply gentle---gently④本身既是形容词也是副词fast ,early , high , hard , late ,far ,wide ,alone⑤初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词true --truly⑥不用去掉字母e。类似的词还有：widely, closely, rudely, bravely, extremely, politely 12hard/hardly几乎不
三、Ⅰ. 常见的形容词及比较级和最高级的构成
（1）规则变化：
音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er
Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter
②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r
Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger
③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er”
Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier
④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er
Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more ；以ed/ly结尾的加mor
Eg: popular---more popular important---more important tire—tired quickly-quickly
（2）特殊变化
Ⅱ. 形容词比较级的用法：表示两者（人或物）的比较。
⒈表达“A大于B”用 A …比较级+than B ①. Tom比我胖。Tom is _____ (fat) than me.
②.他的头发比我的短。
His hair is _____(short) than _______. He has ______ (short) hair than ________. (注意比较对象的一致性)
③. 英语比语文重要。English is _______________ (important) than Chinese.
④. 我来的比你晚。I come _______ (late) than you.（副词的比较级）
⒉表达“A和B一样”，用 A …as 原级as B
①他和我一样高。He is as ________ (tall) as I/me. ②英语比语文重要。English is as _______________ (important) as Chinese. ③他的头发和我的头发一样长。His hair is ________ ________ _______ mine.
④他学习和你一样努力。He works _______ hard ______ you.
⒊表达“A不如B”，用A …not+as/so+原级+as+B。
①辆车不像那辆车一样贵。This caris ______ _______ _______（expensive）that one.
=This car is ______ _______ /than that one. =That car is ______ _______ than this one.
②今天没有昨天暖和。Today ______ _______ _______(warm) _______ yesterday.
=Yesterday ______ ________ than today.
③他昨天来得没有我早。He __ come __ (early)as I (did) yesterday. =He came ______ than I yesterday. (同级和比较级的同义句转换)
4．比较级前可用much / a lot / far(…得多)，a little/bit（稍微）, even（甚至）等表示程度
He is much ____( well) today. It’s much ___ (expensive). He is very ___ (well) today. It’s too __ (expensive)
5.在两者之间选择哪一个更……，用比较级.Which /Who…,A or B? 谁跑得快些，Lucy 还是Lily？Who runs __, Lucy or Lily?
6.如果在两者之间表示“最……”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语：约翰是两个男孩子中较聪明的一个。John is the cleverer of the two boys. Of the two boys, John is the cleverer.
这支手表是两个中比较便宜的。This watch is cheaper of the two.
7.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。我比他大两岁。I am two years _________ _________ he.
这个建筑比那个建筑高20米。This building is 20 meters ________ __________that one.
△“比较级+and+ 比较级”表示“越来越…”
天气越来越冷了。It’s getting ______ and _______(cold) 比赛越来越有趣。The game is(interesting)
注意:多音节形容词用此句型时，要用more and more +形容词原级；more beautiful and more beautiful (X) △“The+ 比较级…，the+ 比较级…”表示“越…，就越…
越多越好The ________, the _______. 他越忙就越高兴。______ _______he is, ______ _______he feels.
△“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大（长、高、宽等）多少倍”; A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A正好是B的多少倍”;A+倍数+the size/height/length/width,etc+of+B”,表示“A正好是B的多少倍”.eg. The car runs twice faster than that truck.这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍（是那辆卡车的三倍快）. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍. This street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长.
注意：在英语中，两倍用twice，而不用two times，三倍以上用three，four times。
四、形容词最高级的用法：
1.表示三者或三者以上（人或物）的比较,其中有一个超过其他几个。形容词最高级前要加the，副词最高级前常省略the, 后面通常带of（in）短语来说明比较的范围（of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in 表示时间或空间范围）。
①在我们班上他最高He is __ ( tall) __ our class. ②玛丽是这三个学生中最小的Mary is ___ (young) ___ the three students.
2. 形容词最高级的前面常有the，my等形容词性物主代词，China's名词所有格，最高级前不加the
This is ______ ______ day. 这是我最忙的一天。Jack is______ ______ friend. 杰克是吉姆最好的朋友
The Changjiang River is ______ ______ river.长江是中国最长的河流。
3 在which…A ,B orC_? 句中，表示三者或三者以上比较Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth? 太阳，月亮，地球，哪一个最大？
4. 形容词最高级表示“最...之一”时，可用“one of the+最高级+复数名词”Edison was one of the greatest inventors in the world. 爱迪生是世界上最为大的发明家之一。
5．“the +序数词+最高级”表示“第几个最…”；The Yellow River is the second longest river in China
6.比较级和最高级的同义句转换(page36)
He is the tallest boy in his class. He is taller than any other boy in his class.
五、几点注意1.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。( ) China is larger than any country in Asia.
( ) China is larger than any other country in Asia. ( ) China is larger than any country in Europe.
2要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。
上海的人口比北京的人口多（）The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.
（）The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.我们的教师比他们的明亮的多。
（）Our classroom is brighter than _____ A. them B their C theirs
