硕士研究生英语学位 22

2009级硕士研究生学位英语测试试题（精读部分）I. Vocabulary (10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each one is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1. Believe it or not, this popular novel now you see on every shelf was censored only a few years ago.A. officially examined and bannedB. despised by the general publicC. sold out soon after its publicationD. condemned by the critics2. The music of the radio distracted me from my reading.A. engrossedB. confusedC. refrainD. diverted3. High rate of unemployment and violence are deplored by many people.A. condemnedB. convincedC. declaredD. perpetuated4. I have nothing but disdain for such a person.A. respectB. hatredC. dislikeD. contempt5. They feared the plague and regarded it as a deadly scourge.A. punishmentB. illnessC. troubleD. ailment6. The retiring professor was exalted by his colleague.A. criticizedB. honoredC. driven outD. examined7. They found substantial evidence that exposure to nerve gas was responsible for the veterans’symptoms.A. contactB. betrayalC. exhibitionD. publication8. It would be a way of preserving animals that are dying out because their habitat is beingdestroyed.A. mateB. prayC. territoryD. enemy9. The vast crowd burst into spontaneous cheering at ht skillful play.A. earnestB. volcanicC. heartyD. automatic10. The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency, while others consultadoption facilitators in the United States.A. confidentB. justifiedC. sensibleD. potentialSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each one is a sentence with something missing. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.11. It is a long time since we’ve been _____________; I hope everything goes as well as lasttime.A. united upB. brought upC. teamed upD. picked up12. In many countries now, smoking is not _____________ in public places.A. permissiveB. permissibleC. permutableD. pernicious13. These demands ______________ the agreements we have reached.A. run away fromB. go against toC. go counter toD. act counter from14. He made a _____________ speech that caused a great deal of argument.A. successfulB. touchingC. provocativeD. hostile15. He seems purposefully to _____________ the importance of the deal.A. look downB. ignoreC. overlookD. play down16. I can’t understand the ______________ of anyone who would do a terrible thing like that.A. mentalityB. powerC. intelligenceD. function17. Because of ________________ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting alongwith each other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible18. New York probably has the largest number of different language _____________ in theworld.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies19. As ____________ China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of20. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ____________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn upII. Reading Comprehension (10 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are two short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to the near death’s door at the turn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21st century. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageing treatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue that living longer is an attractive idea, the rapid increase in the number of years begs a question: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. In the 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for every increased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. What we would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medical science couldn’t prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1900s with the publication of a study by researchers at Duke University, who had been following the health of 20,000 people for almosta decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not only dropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arlan Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevity research, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and other genetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give people several extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and it will live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to be physiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases. “From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the range of 15-30% maximum,”says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch in an animal’s behavior from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing are temporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal’s behavior switches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a “little bit silly” at the moment but doesn’t dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related to ageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating your greens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep it going for longer with high quality maintenance. “It’ll be the difference between a Rolls-Royce and a cheap car.”21. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____A. it is possible to live a longer and healthy life.B. humans can live as long as scientists predict.C. living longer is still considered a good idea.D. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for human.22. In the 1980s, the data on people’s health expectancy____A. gave an optimistic prediction.B. showed an unclear future.C. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing.23. In the lab experiment on rats, __________A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have worked.B. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animal.C. the animals’ lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD. different amounts of food cause a change in the animals’ behaviour24. Richardson believes that _____A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageing.B. it is worthwhile to talk about stopping ageing.C. stopping ageing is a dream that may come true.D. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing.25. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that ____A. quality life is out of reach for most people.B. quality life can slow down the process of ageing.C. how long one can live depends on the genes one carried.D. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.Passage TwoWeary after centuries of fighting the surging North Sea from gushing into this low-lying nation, the Netherlands is rethinking how to keep Dutch feet dry.The traditional method of stopping flood water has been to build dikes. But at the Second World Water Forum, a five-day conference that was 10 start today in The Hague, Dutch water experts were to explain that the best way to handle the water may be to let it in.In the Netherlands —half of which lies below sea level —the Ministry of Water Management has designated several low-lying regions as "calamity flood plains" that would be used in emergencies to divert floodwaters from populated areas, spokesman Hans Scholten said.Referring to the fable of a Dutch boy named Hans Brinker who saved the nation from disaster by plugging a hole in the sea barrier. Undersecretary for Water Management Monique de Vries said: "Hans Brinker will have to take his finger out of the dike and pull on his galoshes."Although the country has built dikes and reclaimed land since the Middle Ages, repeatedflooding of farmland in recent years and high maintenance costs have led to a rethinking about the old methods."Sometimes it doesn't make sense to ignore the processes of nature," said Bert Blase, spokesman for an association of regional water boards. "Hooding certain nature reserve areas every few years would be good for the environment."Pan of the plan involves widening river beds to allow larger volumes of water to How to the sea. Although it is still unclear how much land could eventually be allocated to the project — some inhabitants would have to be relocated — large areas of the eastern Dutch province of Gclderland have been labeled as suitable.While flooding is a serious threat to die Dutch, global warming could expose many more in this country of 15 million to drought and water pollution if governments do not take drastic measures, conference organizers have warned.More than 3.500 delegates from 150 countries will attend the conference, the follow-up to the first global water congress, which was held in Marrakech, Morocco, two years ago.With one-sixth of the world's population lacking clean drinking water, forum organizers have called for annual global spending on water problems to be more than doubled from about $70 billion or $80 billion to $180 billion.In the closing stages of the conference, ministers from more than 100 countries will meet to discuss sustainable water for the world's growing population and farmers who grow crops for mass consumption.26. What is the new idea the experts put forward to keep Dutch feet dry?A. To build more powerful damsB. To let the sea water in the insideC. To ignore the process of natureD. To flood certain nature reserves27. Hans Brinker is known as a national hero________.A. in Dutch history who succeeded in diverting floodwater from the populated areasB. who look his finger out of the dike and built a sea barrierC. who pulled his finger on his galoshes and saved the nation from being drownedD. a legend who saved the nation by stopping the sea flood in28. Which of the following is NOT included in the forth-coming Dutch project in saving the nation from possible sea floods?A. To designate some low-lying regions as "calamity flood plains".B. To let the sea flood certain nature reserve areas every few years.C. To broaden some river beds to allow more river water to flow to the sea.D. To expose many more areas of the country to drought or flood.29. All the following are the topics to be discussed in the Second World Water ForumEXCEPT________.A. how to divert floodwaters from the populated areas of HollandB. how to reduce water pollution and provide more healthy drinking water for the growingpopulationC. how to help farmers to keep on the sustainable agriculture by watering their crops timelyD. how to take measures to slow down the ever-accelerating global warming-up tendency30. The best way to paraphrase the sentence "Sometimes it doesn't make sense to ignore theprocess of nature" is_________.A. Sometimes it's no use ignoring the process of natureB. In some cases man can and must neglect the law of natureC. It would often be harmful for Man to go against the process of natureD. Man must always follow the way of how things are going onIII. Translation (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese.Perhaps it’s not quite right to call the iPhone revolutionary. It won’t create a new market or change the entertainment industry the way the iPod did. When you get right down to it, thedevice doesn’t even have that many new features –it’s not like Jobs invented voice mail, or text messaging, or conference calling or mobile Web browsing. He just noticed that they were broken, and he fixed them.Section B (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into English.没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的。

西南财经大学硕士研究生培养方案一、适用专业外国语言学及应用语言学二、培养目标本专业学术研究型硕士学位获得者应该具有坚实的外国语言学及应用语言学的理论功底和系统的专业知识，掌握研究方法，了解本学科的前沿状况和发展趋势；具有严谨求实的学风和独立从事科学研究的能力，具有良好的学术潜力；熟练掌握所学专业语言，第二外国语应具有一定的口、笔语能力以及阅读与本专业有关资料的能力；作为复合型高素质学术研究后备人才，能熟练运用本专业理论、相关方向的系统知识以及计算机网络技术从事语言学及与其相关的教学与研究工作。

三、研究方向本专业下设三个方向：1.商务英语2.英汉翻译理论与实践3.英语教学理论与实践四、培养年限学制为3年。

五、学分要求与课程设置研究生培养实行学分制，总学分要求不低于50学分，其中：课程学分不得低于40学分，社会实践2学分，科研训练8学分（学术交流与学术论文2学分，中期考试与考核加文献综述与学位论文开题2学分，学位论文4学分）。

“ 说明：1. 专业选修课和跨专业选修课程至少应达 16 学分；2. 注明“必选”课程的为本专业学生必选；专业选修课程中的“前”、后”是指前半期或后半期开课；3. 必修课程作为选修课程选修的，每门计 2 个学分。

4. 每学期最多选修 5 门课程。

可在下一年级中选修相关课程。

5. Ⅲ小学期和Ⅵ小学期，学术研究型硕士生应参加课题研究，并撰写相关的研究报告六、培养方式和考核方式1、培养方式本专业应用研究型硕士研究生培养方式主要为：①研讨式课堂教学方式。

教师结合专业理论和专业知识的教学内容授课，布置课题，组织指导学生发言讨论并注意评论和总结概括；②导师指导方式。

导师负责学生的科研训练等个性化的指导，帮助学生制定个人培养计划，导师开列书目布置研究问题，指导检查学生读书情况和资料查阅情况；③学术研究能力训练。

组织适当的研究项目和课题，提供更多的学术交流机会，使学生密切关注学科前沿，逐步掌握研究方法，有机会将自己的专业理论和专业知识运用于课题研究。

2016年12月研究生英语学位课统考（GET）真题试卷听力对话1.(B)A. He failed to catch the bus.B. There are few gas stations.C. There are various risks.D. He didn’t hear clearly.解析：女士说：我们离沙漠还有多远?男士说：大约300英里。

我们必须给车加油。

高速路上加油站很少。

女士说：好。

few and far between 是个成语，意思是“少见”或“彼此距离很远”。

2.(D)A. He failed to catch the bus.B. He didn’t enjoy walking.C. He thought differently.D. He didn’t hear clearly.解析：男士说：您能告诉我从这儿去时代广场的路吗?女士说：好。

你可以坐地铁或公交车。

如果现在感觉不累，你也可以走着去。

男士说：对不起，我没听懂。

3.(A)A. A tour guide.B. A bus driver.C. A hotel attendant.D. A traffic policewoman.解析：女士说：各位请注意。

我们今天的日程安排是首先参观故宫。

在故宫附近的饭店午餐后，我们去颐和园。

我们很可能晚上七点左右回到宾馆。

男士说：我们晚上自由活动吧?女士说：是的，我们没有什么特别安排。

4.(C)A. He was rude to his mother.B. He loves his girlfriend.C. He can tolerate his girlfriend no more.D. He insulted his girlfriend.解析：女士说：我听说你跟女朋友分手了。

是吗?男士说：是的。

她对我一直很不友好。

最无法忍受的是她说我妈妈的坏话。

the last straw 的含义是it is the latest in a series of bad events，and it makes you unable to deal with a situation any longer，也就是“一系列令人不愉快的事情中，最后一件让你忍无可忍的事”。

研究生英语学位考试真题及答案Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A (1 Point each)1. A. His paper has been published with the help of his adviser.B. His paper has won an award with the help of his adviser.C. His paper has been revised by his adviser.D. His paper has got the approval from his adviser.2. A. Tom is terribly ill. B. Tom is in low spirits.C. Tom is bad-tempered.D. Tom is nervous at the moment3. A. He saw his boss in person for the first time.B. He is now complaining in a different way.C. He has made his boss change his attitude.D. He has changed his opinion of his boss.4. A. He was not fond of the concert.B. He didn't like the tea offered at the concert.C. He left early to have some tea with somebody else.D. He doesn't want to tell the woman why he was not there.5. A. He always looks down upon others.B. He always lowers the value of others.C. He always judges people by their appearanceD. He is always reluctant to take newcomers.6. A. She is always stupid. B. She is always concentrated.C. She is always careless.D. She is always absent-minded.7. A. She wants to leave a way out. B. She doesn't trust her boss.C. She wants to repay her boss.D. She wants to stay with her boss as long as possible8. A. She should let her daughter decide.B. She should choose what the teacher is interested in.C. She should make the same choice as the other parents.D. She should choose what she is interested in.9. A. She felt very cold because of the weather. B. She was frightened by the scene.C. She sent the two boys to the hospital.D. She went to help the injured immediately. Mini-talk one10. A. He went mountain climbing. B. He went camping.C. He went to a party:D. He went to a concert.11. A. He was lost in the forest. B. He was caught in a natural disaster.C. He was woken up in the middle of the night.D. He burned his dinner.12. A. Because it was too noisy. B. Because he wanted to join the party.C. Because he was too tired.D. Because he turned on some music.Mini-talk Two13. A. They may be overweight. B. They may earn less money.C. The may suffer from serious diseases.D. They may have lasting damage in their brain.14. A. Improving children's nutrition in their country.B. Providing their people with cleaner conditions.C. Improving health care for their people.D. Providing their people with better education.15. A. Preschool period. B. Teenage period.C. Between birth and 15 years old.D. Between pregnancy and two years old.Section C (1 point each)16. "Facebook" and "MySpace" are some of the most popular blog sites for_______________.17. Blogs offer young people a place to show their writings and ______________.18. Personal information puts teenagers at risk of being sought out by dangerous people who ______.19. When teenagers include information on their blogs that can be seen as a threat to others they can ___________________.20. Parents are advised to read their children's blogs to make sure they are not giving out__________.PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.A. subjectivelyB. imaginablyC. positivelyD. practically22. In spite of the taxing business schedule, he managed to take some time off for exercise.A. imposingB. demandingC. compulsoryD. temporary23. The court held the parents accountable for the minor child's acts of violence.A. responsible forB. indifferent toC. desperate forD. involved in24.The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.A. in units ofB. with reference toC. in aspects ofD. on condition of25. "There is a weird power in a spoken word," Joseph Conrad once said.A. mightyB. prospectiveC. oddD. formidable26. Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community's health.A. destructionB. contributionC. chargeD. origin27. This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town.A. hospitalityB. affection C: appeal D. frustration28. If you become reconciled to your lot, you will never get a new start in life.A. submissiveB. resistantC. tolerableD. committed29. The little girl felt increasingly uneasy while waiting for hermother at the bus-stop.A. difficultB. excitedC. relievedD. restless30. A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.A. turn toB. add toC. keep toD. lead toSection B (0.5 point each)31. To achieve sustainable development, the of resources is assuming new importance.A. conservationB. reservationC. exhaustionD. devastation32. The sale of alcoholic beverages is ________ to those above21 in some regions.A. confinedB. inhibitedC. obligedD. restricted33. The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing anddeveloped countries_______.A. bothB. eitherC. alikeD. apart34. Before the 1980s, the idea of health insurance was quite _______ to those living in the mainland of China.A. overseasB. abroadC. foreignD. offshore35. The government is expected to make new legislations to ______ foreign investment in real estate.A. manipulateB. regulateC. dominateD. prevail36. Despite the suspect's ________to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.A. convictionB. assertionC. accusationD. speculation37. For many countries, being part of a global supply chain is like striking oil -- oil that may never ____.A. run outB. work outC. turn outD. call out38. Having been an office secretary for some years, she always _______chores in a responsible way.A. goes onB. goes forC. goes withoutD. goes about39. Without clear guidelines ______, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.A. in orderB. in placeC. in needD. in trouble40. The age of other trees is variously estimated as ______ from two hundred to eight hundred years.A. changingB. differingC. varyingD. rangingPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to (41) even from the high educational institutions.In the US, according to a 2005 survey by the College Board, (42) at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which (43) more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health (44), and professional salaries.Living expenses on campus have also (45). At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2004. But now it's $9. The US government often provides (46) assistance to students' lunch in primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually don't (47) universities.Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants (48) campus.To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments (49) universities and private sources have provided (50) for students. Of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.41. A. stay away B. stand out C. step down D. set off42. A. fares B. payment C. charges D. tuition43. A. attended B. covered C. included D. composed44. A. welfares B. advantages C. benefits D. goods45. A. rolled up B. gone up C. sat up D. taken up46. A. management B. economic C. policy D. financial47. A. apply to B. suit for C. adjust to D. gear for48. A. in B. to C. off D. over49. A. as well as B. the same as C. as far as D. such as50. A. grasps B. grains C. grounds D. grantsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneDid your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre? The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how today's students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK.The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers.The first year's findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences inprospective students' approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didn't (first-generation applicants).First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave "to enable me to get a good job" as their main reason for choosing HE. And 37 percent said that a degree was "part of my career plan".A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice."Medicine is one of those fields where it's pretty likely you'll get a job at the end. That's a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening," she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile.For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. " But, for thosewithout the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices," the survey concludes.51. The main idea of the passage is that_________.A. parents' experiences are more important for their children's educationB. parents' careers are vitally important for their children's degreesC. students' approach to higher education correlates with their parents' educational experienceD. students' career and employment prospects are decided by their parents52. "HE" in the 4th paragraph probably refers to __________.A. health educationB. higher employmentC. Harriet EdgeD. higher education53. A young person coming from a non-professional household ____________.A. is less likely to get financial aid to go to universityB. is more likely to choose vocational educationC. may think learning for pleasure is a good ideaD. may choose to study for a professional degree54. In which of the following aspects do Kim Burnett and Harriet Edge have in common?A. They both chose their majors because of their family influence.B. They are both the first-year students in university.C. Both of their parents lack college degrees.D. Both of them chose degrees for job security.55. It is implied that ____________.A. the cost of a degree in medicine is very highB. higher education investment in medicine is not worthwhileC. a student without family medical tradition is less likely to choose medicineD. medicine is a field where every degree-holder can get a job56.Those with graduate parents may _________.A. make poorer choices when choosing their majorsB. make better choices when applying for higher educationC. not need career guidance before graduationD. have no problems in applying for a collegePassage TwoLast month, the public address system at Earl's Court subway station in London was ordered to get the noise down. Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious: "Stand back or the train will run you over." "Don't lean on the doors." "Stand back from the opening doors." "Do this." "Don't do that."Bossiness is not just aural. It is also written. As a commuter, I'm continually bombarded by notices on car walls. "Please take your feet off the seat." "Please turn down your personal stereo." And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: "School. Slow down!"The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out because we are tow, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves.Britain didn't use to be so bossy. When I was a boy, for instance, the local cinema put a warning on screen before we settled down to watch. "Don't," it said, "make noises." In thosedays, long before mobile phones, it was the only bossiness we saw in the cinema. Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace. Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people. On screen, we see health experts holding some poor woman's breasts and demanding that she get in shape. Cooking programs tell us not to think of leaving toast crumbs on the kitchen table.There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness. We want to be bossed. We have behaved badly and now we yearn to feel the whip to correct us. On July 1, smoking will be banned in public places in England. My local government told churches in the area last week that no-smoking posters must be prominently displayed by church entrances.I love this: the governments are bossing people to make them more bossy. They are insisting that priests tell their congregations (教区的教民) what to do.My local government isn't the only source of bossiness. I find it everywhere. But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior. In fact, the opposite. Perhaps this is because, if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same.57. The case at Earl's Court subway station shows that _________.A. it is very noisy in public placesB. it is necessary to warn the passengers of their safetyC. people have realized the importance of public orderD. people have been tired of being bossed58. It is presumed that bossiness is everywhere because Britons__________.A. need to be bossed to behave themselvesB. want to be reminded of how to behave wellC. must have everything spelled outD. are raised in uncivilized society59. It is suggested in the passage that____________.A. now Britons behave much better than they did in the pastB. in the past Britons behaved much better than they do nowC. the dominant people on screen should be blamed for the new bossinessD. television has misguided the public morals and lifestyles in Britain60. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Television should play a role in enhancing public morals.B. The local government has got involved in the church activities.C. The governments want to make themselves more authoritative by bossing people.D. The rise in bossiness has helped the improvement of people's behavior.61. The author writes this passage in a _________.A. funny toneB. criticizing toneC. friendly toneD. radical tone62. What is the appropriate title of this passage?A. British People Have Had Enough Bossiness AroundB. British People Want to Be BossedC. Bossiness in Great Britain: Its Past and PresentD. Bossiness in Great Britain Should Be IgnoredPassage ThreeIt began as just another research project, in this case to examine the effects of various drugs on patients with a severe mood disorder. Using an advanced brain scanning technology--the clumsily named echo-planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (磁共振光谱成像) procedure, or EP-MRSI--researchers at Boston's McLean Hospital scanned the medicated and un-medicated brains of 30 people with bipolar disorder in order to detect possible new treatments for the more than 2 million American adults who suffer from the disease.But something unexpected happened. A patient who had been so depressed that she could barely speak became ebullient after the 45-minute brain scan. Then a second patient, who seemed incapable of even a smile, emerged actually telling jokes. Then another and another. Was this some coincidence? Aimee Parow, the technician who made these observations didn't think so. She mentioned the patients' striking mood shifts to her boss and together they completely refocused the study: to see if the electromagnetic fields might actually have a curative effect on depressive mood.As it turns out, they did. As reported last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 23 of the 30 people who were part of the study reported feeling significantly less depressed after the scan. The most dramatic improvements were among those who were taking no medication. The researchers are cautious. Says Bruce Cohen, McLean's president and psychiatrist in chief: “I want to emphasize that we are not saying this is the answer but this is a completely different approach in trying to help the brain than anything that was done before."It's a completely different approach because of the way the magnetism is applied to the brain. But it's an example of newresearch on an old idea: that the brain is an electromagnetic organ and that brain disorders might result from disorder in magnetic function. The idea has huge appeal to psychiatrists and patients alike, since for many people the side effects of psychiatric (精神的) drugs are almost as difficult to manage as the disease itself. And 30 percent of the nearly 18.8 million people who suffer from depression do not respond to any of the antidepressants available now. People with other severe mental disorders might benefit as well. And while no one fully understands exactly why or how the brain responds as it does to electrical currents and magnetic waves, fascinating new research is offering some possible explanations.63. The first paragraph describes a project aimed at finding ____________.A. who has bipolar disorderB. what improves people's moodsC. whether magnetic scanning is a treatmentD. how some patients respond to some drugs64. What does the passage say about bipolar disorder?A.It mainly affects males.B. It may cause drug addiction.C. It is a mental problem.D. It is hard to detect.65. The word "ebullient" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by________.A. considerateB. quietC. excitedD. sorrowful66. The researchers' attitude toward the new finding can bedescribed as_________.A. confusedB. amusedC. carefulD. skeptical67. The new finding is significant because it shows that electromagnetic fields mayA. treat mental disordersB. cause mental disordersC. increase the effectiveness of some drugsD. reduce the effectiveness of some drugs68. The passage mainly_________.A. reports a discoveryB. challenges a discoveryC. explains the problems with a discoveryD. describes the background of a discoveryPassage FourMy kids tell me that I am "so 20th century", which troubles me. A person likes to feel that he is "with it", as we used to say in the 20th century.So I have been thinking how I might change myself into a true 21st-century man. Clearly, in my advanced state of age I would be foolish to attempt some wild leap into the contemporary fashion. And anyway, my distinctive taste attracts much favourable comment.But if my clothing is too characteristic to change, perhaps I should do something about my lifestyle. So last week I took myself to the NEC for the Smart Home Show which is "the exhibition dedicated to all the latest trends in smart home technology".It was a shock. How could I have lived for half a century without a fingerprint-operated front door? ("Never lock yourself out of your home again!") Or vacuum cleaners that suck dust straight into a dustbin, via a system of pipes in your house walls? (All you have to do is rebuild your entire home.) Or automatic garden sprinklers which are so smart that they turn themselves off when it starts to rain? Of course, you could just look out of the window, observe that it's raining and turn them off yourself, but that would be so 20th century.Besides, those were just the simpler things. For the true smart-home owner, a plasma (等离子) TV fireplace is a must. At first glance it's just an electric fire with a mantelpiece，but press your remote and a giant TV screen rises from the mantelpiece. "Thieves won't even know it's there," a spokesman claimed. Just as well. At ￡5,280，it would be a pity to have it broken. But the real revolution has happened in the bathroom. Never again need you feel cut off from world events as you go about your washing. Forget the mirrors that turn into TV screens. They're old hat. The buzz in bathrooms now is all about heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.Enough! I was convinced: I want a smart home. There's only one problem: The cost. You are looking at ￡18,000 to ￡25,000 for an average home. Hmm. I won't be entering the 21st century just yet, then.69. To be "21st century", the author decided to___________.A. move to a new houseB. change the way he livedC. improve his dressing styleD. talk in the most trendy fashion70. The author's comment on the vacuum cleaner impliesthat___________.A. he believed that it was uselessB. he wanted to purchase one himselfC. he hated to cause inconvenienceD. he thought that it was not worth the effort71. What is the most revolutionary smart home technology according to the author?A. The plasma TV fireplace.B. The automatic garden sprinkler.C. Mirrors that turn into TV screens.D. Heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.72. The Smart Home Show__________.A. seemed too good to be trueB. was a true eye-opener for the authorC. left a negative impression on the authorD. appealed less to the middle- and old-aged73. What does the author think of buying the smart home products?A. He was interested, but found them too expensive.B. He was fascinated, and determined to buy them.C. He wasn't attracted, and wouldn't buy them.D. He wasn't sure, so he would rather wait and see.74. Which of the following words could best describe the author's tone?A. Overstated.B. Objective.C. Ironic.D. Passionate.Passage FiveNever before has flying been so controversial. In the spaceof two years, the environmental damage done by planes has gone from being something quietly discussed by scientists and committed environmentalists, to a headline-grabbing issue no one can ignore.Even those who fly once or twice a year on holiday can't help but feel a growing sense of guilt, while those opting for trips by car, train or ferry have a self-righteous spring in their steps.Now, however, the backlash is beginning. The tourism and aviation industries are mobilizing, and pointing out some awkward facts. Did you know that some ferries emit far more carbon dioxide than some planes'? That driving can release twice as much carbon as flying? A new report from Balpa, the pilot's union, even claims that planes can be better than train.While there are the campaigners who plot their camp at Heathrow to protest the air travel, in Kenya plans are being drawn up for a very different camp. Looking out from a cliff over the deserts of Samburuland is a stunning hotel, the O1 Malo Eco-Lodge. Revenue from the small number of visiting tourists has allowed the 5,000 acres around it to be transformed from over-grazed cattle ranch to a conservation site. More impressive still is the O1 Malo eye project. Up to 80 per cent of adults in the area suffer sight loss, so the O1 Malo Trust runs regular surgical camps, bringing doctors from the UK to treat them. In January, the camp gave 102 people back their sight. "It's very simple--all of our visitors fly here," said Julia Francombe, the founder. "If they stopped coming, it would kill us."One thing on which all sides agree is that aviation is booming, so it becomes crucial to develop new and less polluting aircraft. Airbus's claim that it can save the world with the A380 may be far-fetched, but its "gentle giant" plane is far more efficient andquieter than those of 20 years ago.Some environmentalists, however, scorn these advances, saying such measures are a "delusion." "The aviation industry is likely to vastly overstate the gains that can be made from technological improvements but sadly a climate friendly plane isn't on the horizon," says Emily Armistead of Greenpeace.So the question is: who do you believe?75. Pollution caused by planes used to _____________.A. be heatedly debated in the scientific communityB. be a controversial issue no one could ignoreC. draw little attention among the general publicD. divert people's attention from more important issues76. Compared with people who fly, those who choose cars or trains for travel_________.A. feel equally guilty of causing environmental damagesB. seem to care more about the environment than about timeC. believe that they are doing the right thing for the environmentD. are more troubled by the latest facts on environmental pollution77. The camps in Kenya are mentioned to_________.A. demonstrate the necessity of flyingB. emphasize the problems of flyingC. persuade people to turn to flyingD. present the two sides of flying78. Emily Armistead suggests that the aviation industry___________.A. has not made great efforts to develop environmentally friendly planesB. cannot come up with environmentally friendly planes inthe near futureC. should not use environmentally friendly planes to solve their problemsD. will not save the world even with environmentally friendly planes79. What is the author's position on air travel?A. Air travel should be avoided if possible.B. Air travel is not as problematic as people believe.C. It is too early to say that air travel has caused damages.D. It is hard to decide whether we should continue air travel80. The best title for the passage is “___________”.A. Should We Stop Flying?B. When Can We Stop Flying?C. What Will Happen If We Stop Flying?D. Will Stopping Flying Make a Difference?PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)British previous colonial policies led to the spread of English across the world. This wide use of English has been reinforced by the sweeping influence of the U.S.. However, the dominance of English as an international language is considered both a blessing and a curse. For one thing, it has accelerated the extinction of some languages. People have been wondering about the possibility of creating a global language which might hold promises for an end to language-caused troubles and conflicts. Unfortunately, attempts to harmonize world languages have met with little success as a result of the reluctance of native speakers of a particular language to adopt another language as their mother tongue. To discard one's native language is to have the distinct features of his nation erased.。

2015年六月硕士英语考试真题PAPER ONEPART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION(25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.1. A. It was wet.B. It was blood-stained.C. It was dirty with dust.D. It was torn.2. A. Doctors can fix his problem.B. Health care is very expensive.C. It is too small a problem to get treated.D. Doctors can do nothing about his problem.3. A. Smoking is stupid.B. Smoking is cool.C. Smoking in public places is offensive.D. Smoking one cigarette is enough.4. A. Come back quickly.B. Move ahead with the line.C. Answer the call.D. Remember this place.5. A. He enjoys watching Peking Opera.B. He doesn’t drink tea very often.C. He knows nothing about Peking Opera.D. He is not interested in Peking Opera.6. A. 858-405-3410.B. 405-858-3410.C. 885-450-4310.D. 848-405-3140.7. A. She doesn’t want their relations mentioned.B. No one else will help the man except herself.C. The man has always been in trouble.D. She’ll help the man out of any trouble.8. A. John’s career differs from that of his family members.B. John is a family member with a bad reputation.C. John will not stay in jail for a long time.D. John has been driven out of the family.9. A. She smells something burning.B. She dislikes the smell in the house.C. She feels something is wrong.D. She is afraid that the house is on fire.Section B (1 point each)Directions:In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After eachquestion, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. Because they can better imitate new sounds.B. Because they know more about language learning.C. Because they have many experienced teachers.D. Because they can already speak one language.11. A. To learn the two languages simultaneously.B. To focus on his first language development.C. To choose one of the two languages to learn.D. To learn the secondlanguage at school age.12. A. Between five and eight.B. The moment one is born.C. As early as possible.D. Between eleven and thirteen.Mini-talk Two13. A. Because of the high salary students demanded.B. Because of the postponed search for jobs.C. Because of the economic recession.D. For lack of competent candidates.14. A. 45,000 dollars.B. 62,000 dollars.C. 54,000 dollars.D. 26,000 dollars.15. A. To prepare admission applications.B. To conduct interviews among teachers.C. To improve their chances of employment.D. To offer lectures on fire fighting.Section C (1 point each)Directions:In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recordingyou areasked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds toread the notes below.(请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上)16. It uses a heating element that vaporizes a __________ (2 words).17. E-cigarettes are designed to look like real cigarettes as a method of helping people_________(3 words).18. A recent study…has shown e-cigarette use among school students in the U.S.______________ (3 words) between 2011 and 2012.19. The ______________ (2 words) of e-cigarettes among young peoplehas raised concerns froma number of organizations.20. …in order to ensure the safety and quality of e-cigarettes, and that their marketing and salesare ________________ (3 words).PART IIVOCABULARY(10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)Directions:There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C andD. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Markthe corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scored Answer Sheet.21. A belief in something greater than ourselves sustains us when we are in pain or scared.A. encouragesB. undergoesC. feedsD. prolongs22. Those strict regulations, if implemented, would block youths from buying these products.A. facilitateB. intendC. stabilizeD. hinder23. Because of climate change, some endangered species may experience drastic habitat losswithin 5 years.A. minimalB. severeC. rationalD. virtual24. After many years of marriage there are just too many incentives to remain together.A. defectsB. barriersC. stimuliD. outcomes25. The cultural values embodied in different parenting styles are never explicit in any society.A. vaguely expressedB. clearly statedC. publicly knownD. well inherited26. City dwellers know what it is like to drive on heavily congested roads during rush hour.A. migrantsB. touristsC. inhabitantsD. motorists27. A person’s basic attitudes will give you a clue as towhether that person is ambitious.A. with reference toB. in view ofC. on condition ofD. in line with28. The price of new homes is surging– in part because houses are getting bigger in the US.A. shrinkingB. soaringC. sprawlingD. swaying29. Languages are so diverse that the speakers of one are not intelligible to speakers of the otherwithout special preparation.A. sophisticatedB. delicateC. fragileD. different30. According to current projections, the world population will hit nearly 11 billion by 2100.A. programsB. promisesC. predictionsD. promotionsSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored AnswerSheet.31. NBC has announced the decision to ______ Brian Williams as Anchor of NBC Nightly News.A. suspendB. ceaseC. haltD. pause32. This professor was eager to ______ what has greater impact on parenting practices.A. make outB. look outC. turn outD. find out33. Women are demonstrating extraordinary strength while destroying the_____ of the ―weakersex.‖A. distinctionB. convictionC. stereotypeD. consensus34. If you are looking for an apartment, this consultancy can help you ______ a neighborhood toyour personality and needs.A. contributeB. compelC. abandonD. match35. Sick or unhealthy workers are unable to function______ and their performance suffers.A. optimallyB. conspicuouslyC. vividlyD. inevitably36. During the exam, the room was silent ______ the sound of pens on paper.A. other thanB. except forC. apart fromD. up to37. It is significant that about half of the vocabulary of modern English is ______ Romance origin.A. inB. fromC. toD. of38. There are predictions that some rural private colleges are doomed because of declining______.A. enrollmentB. condolenceC. punctualityD. succession39. Men who are conscientious are more likely to eat right and______ an exercise routine.A. account forB. stick toC. bring aboutD. divert from40. Imagination is critical to scientific research, and knowledge without imagination is______.A. cognitiveB. robustC. barrenD. intellectualPART IIICLOZE TEST(10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank inthe passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosenwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.Demand for higher education is rising rapidly across the world, with record numbers of people ___41___ to a degree or equivalent qualification. This is putting tremendous pressure on universities to innovate their model in order to stay ___42___ and deliver on the promise of economic mobility.However, ___43___ the rapid and profound technological advancements that have come to define recent history, the business of higher education has largely remained ___44___ for centuries. Universities are under mounting scrutiny as costs rise and ___45___ for employment remain dim. Employers are quick to point out the problems with the educational system, but are hesitant to ___46___ responsibility. Then, where does the future of universities lie?Meeting the global demand for a highly skilled workforce will require acute ability to foresee disruptive trends ___47___ deliberate, measured risks. Universities that successfully ride the wave of change will ___48___ a balance between tradition and technology, forge innovative partnerships and demonstrate value. Policy-driven structural reforms ___49___ technology will produce winners and losers. But those that take the leap to think globally, act ___50___, capitalize on big data will emerge as industry leaders.41. A. inspiring B. expiring C. aspiring D. inquiring42. A. competitive B. conservative C. provocative D. demonstrative43. A. due to B. despite C. as for D. now that44. A. vigorous B. spontaneous C. flawless D. static45. A. perspectives B. aspects C. prospects D. impacts46. A. assume B. consume C. resume D. presume47. A. composed of B. accompanied by C. compared with D. known to48. A. overwhelm B. combat C. eliminate D. strike49. A. in the absence of B. in the way of C. in conjunction with D. in the wake of50. A. naturally B. locally C. actually D. vividlyPART IVREADING COMPREHENSION(45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions:In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, andthen do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices givenand mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scored Answer Sheet.Passage OneTo improve everything from fuel economy to performance, automotive researchers are turning to ―mechatronics‖, the integration of mechanical systems with new electronic components and software control. Because lives will depend on such mechatronic systems, Rolf Isermann, an engineer in Germany, is using software that can identify and correct flaws in real time to make sure the technology functions perfectly.In order to do mechatronic braking right, Isermann’s group is developing software that tracks data from three sensors: one detects the flow of electrical current to the brake actuator; a second tracks the actuator’s position; and the third measures its clamping force. Isermann’s software analyzes those numbers to detect faults and flashes a dashboard warning light, so the driver can get the car serviced before the fault leads to failure.―I think people are now b ecoming aware electronic devices are safer than mechanical ones, for you can build in fault diagnoses and fault tolerance‖ says Karl Hedrick, a mechanical engineer.Isermann is also working to make engines run cleaner. He is developing software that detects ignition problems. Because it’s not practical to have a sensor inside a combustion chamber, Isermann’s system relies on data from sensors that measure oxygen levels in exhaust and track the speed of the mechanism that delivers the engine’s force to whee ls. Tiny fluctuations in this speed accompanied by changes in emissions reveal failures of ignition, when the software can warn the driver or automatically fix the problem.Partnerships with manufacturing companies merge the basic research with industry’s development of such technologies in actual cars. Isermann says that ―80 to 90 percent of the innovations in engines and cars these days are due to electronics and mechatronics.‖ Mechatronic systems were found mainly in aircraft and industrial equipment or in small precision components. But new applications in cars have increased the number of groups working on mechatronics. The trend has been fueled by falling prices for microprocessors and sensors, stricter vehicle-emissions regulations, and automakers’ w illingness to enhance their vehicles with additional comfort and performance features.Although the luxury market looms largest today - new high-end models from BMW contain over 70 microprocessors that control more than 120 tiny motors - mechatronics will be moving into wider car markets within five years. With software like Isermann’s on board, the electronic veins of these new driving machines should be as sturdy and reliable as steel.51. This passage is intended to describe the______.A. various definitions of mechatronicsB. application of mechatronics to automobilesC. problems with quality of cars and solutionsD. partnerships between engineers and auto makers52. The underlined words ―fuel economy‖ in the first paragraph probably mean______.A. fuel efficiencyB. the price of gasolineC. oil economyD. economic growth53. Isermann is trying to keep cars running cleaner by______.A. placing sensors inside the combustion chamberB. warning drivers of potential problemsC. identifying problems with the engineD. measuring the amount of car exhaust54. It can be concluded from this passage that mechatronics______.A. has led to a decline in the prices of sensorsB. is attracting fewer companies than beforeC. is unlikely to make cars more comfortableD. will be used more widely in auto manufacture55. New models of BMW are mentioned to suggest that ______.A. BMW cars are regarded as luxuriesB. mechatronics-based cars are quite fastC. mechatronics is essential to BMW carsD. mechatronics will raise the price of cars56. The author’s attitude to mechatronics is ______.A. suspicionB. rejectionC. criticismD. welcomePassage TwoGoldberg, a plant molecular biologist at the University of California, expresses despair at the persistent need to confront what he sees as false fears over the health risks of genetically modified (GM) crops. Particularly frustrating to himis that this debate should have ended decades ago, when researchers produced a stream of compelling evidence: ―Today we’r e facing the same objections we faced 40 years ago.‖Across campus, David Williams, a cellular biologist, has the opposite complaint. ―A lot of naive science has been involved in pushing this technology,‖ he says. ―Thirty years ago we didn’t know that when you throw any gene into a different genome, the genome reacts to it. But now anyone in this field knows the genome is not a static environment. Inserted genes can be transformed by several different means, and it can happen generations later.‖ The result, he insists, could very well be potentially toxic plants slipping through testing.Williams concedes that he is among a tiny minority of biologists raising sharp questions about the safety of GM crops. But he says this is only because the field of plant molecular biology is protecting its interests. Funding, much of it from the companies that sell GM seeds, heavily favors researchers who are exploring ways to further the use of genetic modification in agriculture. He says that biologists who point out health or other risks associated with GM crops—who merely report or defend experimental findings that imply there may be risks—find themselves the focus of vicious attacks on their credibility, which leads them to keep quiet.Whether Williams is right or wrong, one thing is undeniable: despite overwhelming evidence that GM crops are safe, the debate over their use isgrowing louder. Proponents say the technology is the only way to feed a warming, increasingly populous world. Critics claim we interfere withnature at our peril.Skeptics would argue that this debate is a good thing—that we cannot be too cautious when coping with the genetic basis of food supply. To researchers such as Goldberg, however, the persistence of fears about GM foods is nothing short of irritating. ―Despite millions of genetic experiments involving every type of organism on earth,‖ he says, ―and people eating billions of meals without a problem, we’ve gone back to being ignorant.‖So who is right: advocates of GM or critics? Only time can answer you.57. Goldberg is convinced that GM crops______.A. pose a risk to healthB. are quite safe to eatC. should be subject to criticismD. are worth questioning58. David Williams raises concerns about ______.A. the potential toxicity of GM cropsB. the reliability of genome researchC. the future development of geneticsD. the verified toxicity of GM crops59. Paragraph Three is focused on ______.A. how biology companies protect their own interestsB. why Williams raises sharp questions about GM cropsC. who points out problems associated with GM cropsD. what the majority of biologists think of GM crops60. It can be concluded from Paragraph Four that ______.A. critics of GM foods outnumber proponentsB. more people will stop consuming GM foodsC. the debate over the use of GM foods will continueD. people are ignorant of the safety of GM foods61. The underlined words in Paragraph Four probably mean ______.A. far from irritatingB. anything but irritatingC. a little bit irritatingD. absolutely irritating62. This passage aims to describe______ genetically modified foods.A. the benefits ofB. the controversy aboutC. the prospects ofD. the disadvantages ofPassage ThreeHistorians of the American civil war find themselves in the same unenviable position as Shakespeare scholars: so thoroughly have their fields of study been explored that finding a nearly virgin corner is all but impossible. But Don Doyle has broken new ground in an enlightening and compellingly written book, ―The Cause of All Nations‖. More than any previous study, it tells the story of how America’s civil war was perceived, debated a nd reacted to abroad, and how that reaction shaped the course of the war at home.At the war’s outset, however, things were not so simple. Southern diplomats framed their struggle in accordance with liberal principles of self-determination. They judged the conflict, Mr Doyle notes, to be ―one arising naturally between industrial and agricultural societies, not freedom and slavery as the North believed.‖The North’s response, meanwhile, was uncompromising, legalistic and violent. America’s secretary of state threatened to ―wrap the whole world in flames‖, promising total war on any state that dared aid the South.Most histories of the civil war turn inward at the end and examine the war’s consequences and legacy for America. Mr Doyle turns outward to show how important America’s civil war was to the rest of the world: liberty and democracy defeated slavery and the landed gentry.The Union’s victory had wider impacts. In Spain, Queen Isabella, fearing American naval power, ended the attempted re-colonization of Santo Domingo. Ulysses Grant, a civil-war general, turned his military attention to Mexico, where Napoleon III had installed an Austrian, Maximilian, as emperor. When the threat of an alliance between France and the South was smashed, Napoleon withdrew his support and in 1867 Maximilian was executed by Mexican troops. Across the ocean, Britain’s republicans marched to victory that same year. Democracy had not just survived, but flourished.After Lincoln’s death, a French newspaper wrote that he ―represente d the cause of democracy in the largest and the most universal understanding of the word. That cause is our cause, as much as it is that of the United States.‖ In honor of the Union’s victory a French artist crafted a statue out of copper sheeting, a figure representing freedom, tall and proud, holding a torch high. The Statue of Liberty stands today in New York harbor, the copper now green with age, her gaze fixed across the Atlantic on Europe.63. Shakespeare is mentioned in the first paragraph to illustrate that________.A. historians of the civil war should learn from ShakespeareB. new discoveries are easy concerning the cause of the civil warC. the civil war has been studied as extensively as possibleD. the civil w ar and Shakespeare’s works are known worldwide64. The book entitled ―The Cause of All Nations‖ is focused on ______.A. the impact of the civil war on other countriesB. factors that caused the outbreak of the civil warC. the political difference between the North and SouthD. the consequences of the civil war for America65. The North regarded the civil war as a war ______.A. between industrial and agricultural statesB. between slaves and slave-ownersC. between freedom and slaveryD.between the government and people66. Paragraph Four is mainly concerned with ______.A. the effect of incidents abroad on the civil warB. contributions of Europeans to the Union’s victoryC. numerous conflicts between European countriesD. effects of the Union’s victory on other countries67. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?A. The author of this passage thinks highly of this book by Don Doyle.B. The Statue of Liberty was crafted in honor of Abraham Lincoln.C. The North won the civil war with the support from Europe.D. The civil war was caused by French diplomatic policies.68. This passage is probably a ______.A. personal letterB. research paperC. book reviewD. fairy talePassage FourMost people under 30 consider email an outdated mode of communication used only by ―old people‖. Instead, they text or post to Facebook. They attach documents, photos, videos, and links to their text messages and Facebook posts the way people over 30 do with email. Many people under 20 now see Facebook as a medium for the older generation.For them, texting has become the primary mode of communication. It offers privacy phone calls don’t and immediacy email can’t. Crisis hotlines have begun accepting ca lls from at-risk youth via texting with two big advantages: they can deal with more than one person at a time, and pass the conversation on to an expert without interrupting the conversation.However, texting discourages thoughtful discussion or detail. Addictive problems are compounded by texting’s immediacy. Emails take some time and they require that you take the step of explicitly opening them. Text messages magically appear on the screen and demand immediate attention. Add to that the social expectation that an unanswered text feels insulting to the sender, and you’ve got a recipe for addiction: you receive a text, which activates your novelty center s. You respond and feel rewarded. ―More! More! Give me more!‖In a famous experiment, neuroscientists placed a small electrode in the brains of rats, in a region known as the pleasure center that ―lights up‖ when gamblers win a bet or drug addicts take cocaine. A lever in the cage allowed the rats to send a small electrical signal directly to this center. Boy how they did! They liked it so much that they did nothing else. They forgot all about eating and sleeping. Long after they were hungry, they ignored tasty food if they had a chance to press that little bar. The rats just pressed the lever over and over again until they died of starvation and exhaustion.Each time we dispatch a text message, we feel a sense of accomplishment, and our brain gets a small amount of reward hormones telling us we accomplished something. Each time we check a Twitter feed or Facebook update, we encounter something novel and feel more connected socially and get more reward hormones. But remember, it is the dumb, novelty-seeking portion of the brain that induces this feeling of pleasure, not the planning, scheduling, higher-level thought centers in the brain. You can now decide for yourself whether email-, Facebook- and Twitter-checking constitute a neural addiction.69. The most popular mode of communication for those under 20 is ______.A. emailB. FacebookC. textingD. phone calls70. Paragraph Three is focused on ______.A. advantages of email over text messagesB. addiction and immediacy caused by textingC. benefits of sending text messagesD. the need to answer a text message71. An experiment is mentioned in Paragraph Four as evidence that______.A. rats enjoy playing electronic gamesB. animals are mal-treated in a laboratoryC. rats are too stupid to survive an experimentD. addiction or obsession can be fatal72. It seems to the author that the sense of accomplishment ______.A. is of health benefit to humansB. can induce reward hormonesC. mainly depends on email aloneD. helps overcome addiction73. The author of this passage believes that checking email, Twitter and Facebook ______.A. can help maintain social relationsB. contributes to planning and thoughtC. may induce a neural addictionD. can expose you to something novel74. This passage is intended to ______.A. discourage the use of cell phonesB. tell us to stop using email if possibleC. describe adverse effects of textingD. tell us how to prevent addiction to textingPassage FiveI’m writing this after hearing the apparently encouraging news that a new lung cancer treatment is capable of giving sufferers a possible ―extra 200 days‖ of life. Another morning, another ―battle against cancer‖ fought, and in this case won – sort of.Yet I find myself rather in sympathy with the one in five Dutch doctors who, it was reported this week, would consider helping someone die even if they had no physical problems but were ―tired of living‖. Because these doctors have the maturity to face the fact that life has a natural end.The weary truth is that there are just so many ―battles‖, and they appear to be multiplying all the time. A new drug to treat strokes.A breakthrough in the ―war‖ against heart disease. We are fed, daily, the hopeful news: fatal disease is slowly on the retreat. But there’s always one more, and sooner or later we all lose.An extra 200 days for lung cancer sufferers. I found myself wondering – what kind of days? Of course, all days may seem worth living when death is approaching. But sometimes the endless quest to extend our days seems fruitless. In the constant narratives of ―triumphs‖ over disease, we are not engaged in a struggle against disease, but death itself. We are only partially rational beings – and at the non-rational level, we believe medicine will save us from our fates.Most cancers are driven by random mistakes in cell division that are outside our control. Yet for many the thought won’t quite go away. Thus, we are never quite at peace, because we are。

GET Vocabulary2012/6Section A21.Facebook’s top executives are eligible for twice-a-year bonuses of up to 45 percent of their base salaries.A. optionalB. qualifiedC. desirableD. casual22.Ways have to be found to accommodate the special needs of these left-behind children in rural areas.A. satisfyB.occupyC.alterD.host23.The number of people with Alzheimer’s disease in the United States is projected to more than double by 2050.A.devisedB.thrustC.estimatedD.encountered24.My supervisor, gentle and friendly, made me feel at ease from the first meeting with him.A.at largeB.at lengthC.at randomD.at home25.I searched the library to see what I could learn about the massacre, but nothing turned up.A.was recommendedB.was foundC.was understoodD.was clarified26.Geraldine Ferraro said that whoever coined the term ObamaCare was brilliant.A.came uponB.broke downC.made upD.drew on27.Upon learning that his mother was gravely ill, he wasted no time getting to the hospital.A.suddenlyB.moderatelyC.seriouslyD.genetically28.It requires uncompromising efforts to develop these residences into true homes for our underprivileged citizens.A.unproductiveB.unyieldingC.uninvitingD.unintentional29.Snow is not predicted for today; we can expect some rain, though.A.althoughB.thereforeC.yetD.however30.At that time, there was a wealth of evidence that Japan was planning war in the Pacific.A.abundantB.valuableC.expensiveD.pricelessSection B31.This old man developed nerve damage to his brain,______him nearly disabled.A.leavingB.keepingC.allowingD.causing32.These discoveries have opened up new ___in the field of cancer research.A.rainbowsB.horizonsC.altitudesD.paradoxes33.Some politicians in Japan still believe that the Nanjing massacre is nothing but a ______.A.novelB.flawC.truthD.myth34.Many people choose to be honest when creating their online _____to make future dating easier.A.pretextsB.prepositionsC.profilesD.protests35.Several large studies have found ______lower odds of heart disease among regular not eaters.A.confidentlyB.consistentlyC.conceptuallyD.contemptuously36.The boss needs a workout program that perfectly _____his busy schedule.A.turns intoB.falls intoC.looks intoD.fits into37.A glimpse ___our sol ar system reveals the neighborhood outside the sun’s influence is stranger than expected.A.intoB.atC.byD.beyond38.It has never _______to me that an intimate knowledge of English grammar can be so useful.A.occurredB.happenedC.turnedD.conformed39.The FDA is expected to require safety studies on e-cigarettes and ____their use.A.regulateB.recollectC.reboundD.rehearse40.Teenagers can become _______and hard to handle if every single decision is taken away from them.A.obedientB.cooperativeC.rebelliousD.aesthetic2012/12Section A21.Theses findings run counter to the belief that alcohol stands in the way of analytical thinking.A. spursB.hindersC.triggersD.accompanies22.As in the rest if the continent, South Africa still has to contend with overwhelming poverty.A.suffer fromB.bring aboutC.invest inD.fight against23.The operation was a success and he had excellent prospects for a full recovery.A.eagerB.unwillingC.oddsD.ambitions24.Destiny is defined by individuals keen to imagine a future that is different from the reality.A.eagerB.unwillingC.sharpD.quick25.My mother keeps reminding me to stick to my principles and remain honest in whatever I do.A.adhere toB.set aboutC.insist one upon26.There’s nothing worse than a boss who gives implicit instruction and then gets disappointed by the work you give in.A.explicitB.ambiguousC.considerableD.coherent27.About three years into this job, these migrant laborers cane to accept the harsh facts in time.A.punctuallyB.immediatelyC.originallyD.eventually28.An aircraft is equipped with a sophisticated electronic control system for the sake of safety.A.highly-developedB.newly-inventedC.well-meantD.long-lived29.This trip offers an opportunity to enjoy the profound silence of the deep, unaltered desert.A.dramaticB.importantpleteD.distant30.All Fire Police Officers are sworn officers of the law and should display a(n) badge of authority when on duty.A.multitudeB.tokenC.airD.degreeSection B31.Eight badminton players were charged with trying to _______the outcome of preliminary matches.A.dominateB.manipulateC.eliminateD.simulate32.In the beginning, few people were _______ Barack Obama to make a significant impact in the race.A.counting onB.turning outC.proceeding toD.conforming to33.Self-esteem is the ability to be ______ of one’s own abilities, talents worth and value.A.ensuredB.insuredC.assuredD.treasured34.Children of parents who did not go to university are probably more reluctant to _______secondary education than those who did.A.put inB.fill inC.check inD.enroll in35.Learning something new is, after all, what scientific experiments are all __________.A.aboutB.againstC.towardsD.around36.A large-scale wildfire broke out that forced the _____of 2,000 people just west of Madrid.A.speculationB.successionC.evacuationD.interrogation37.Intellectually brilliant students from this high school are most ______to be admitted to elite universities.A.probableB.likelyC.possibleD.liable38.Her right hand had occasionally _______from signing her name so many times.A.yelledB.propelledpelledD.swelled39.Artists should cultivate their own _______style rather than always imitating others.A.singleB.individualC.privateD.separate40.The key to efficient readi ng is the ability to judge the writer’s position ________the information he is presenting.A.in spite ofB.in relation toC.in place ofD.in support of2013/6Section A21. When George H.W. Bush graduated from Yale in 1948, most assumed he would head to Wall Street.A.excel inB.make forpere againstD.dispose of22. What I did for Mother that day was small, but it helped deepen the special bond between us.A.tieB.rivalryC.collaborationD.barrier23. Once these people seize power, they will abuse it, casting aside their beliefs and brutalizing their fellow citizens.A.innovatingB.reinforcingC.advocatingD.discarding24. Smith and I studied under the same supervisor, worked together, and forged a lifelong friendshipA.assessedB.pledgedC.producedD.discarding25. It is extremely difficult or even impossible to work out the risk of occasional passive smoking.A.calculateB.exerciseC.eliminateD.convert26. The analyst warns investors that an appealing idea does not necessary make for a good fund.A.abundantB.apparentC.attractiveD.acute27. Psychologists have stated that negative thinking can consume your life and cause problems.A.optimismB.patriotismC.heroismD.pessimism28. The levels of PM2.5 in Beijing are by far the worst since the government began releasing figures on PM2.5 particles.A.by a considerable marginB.until the present momentC.over a large areaD.according to most people29. Those who are motivated tend to have clear goals and persist in the face of defeat of failure.A.by means ofB.in spite ofC.for the sake ofD.on account of30. New European legislation will come into effect shortly regarding the equal treatment of men and women in insurance.A.brieflyB.abruptlyC.soonD.closelySection B31. It seems that counties with the highest regular chocolate intake per person have a ______greater number of Nobel Prize winners.A.proportionallyB.psychologicallyC.previouslyD.purposefully32. Concerned about the future of the country, the new president had a clear ______of where to lead it.A.fantasyB.penetrateC.elevateD.dig33. PM2.5 particles are thought particularly damaging to health because they can _______deep into the lungs.A.diveB.penetrateC.elevateD.dig34. Pets are _______providing not only comparison to humans, but health benefits to many as well.A.accused ofB.ascribed toC.prohibited fromD.credited with35. Heavy ______ to environmental tobacco smoke at work has been shown to double the risk of lung cancer.A.touchB.contactC.exposureD.encounter36. If you’re making a conscious effort to _____lies, experts suggest seeking like-minded, honest folk.A.cut back onB.be crazy aboutC.look up toD.get down to37. Doctors and researchers have to keep themselves ________on the latest developments in their sphere of study.A.convincedB.isolatedC.humiliatedD.updated38. Although a man of ______birth, Abraham Lincoln managed to be one of the greatest presidents in American historyA.humbleB.nobleC.feebleD.edible39. The plot of some TV series focusing on military intelligence collection is _______complicated ________almost defy belief.A.so...thatB.too ...toC.so ...as toD.such ...as40. The bush administration lifted sanctions on Pakistan and helped fund counter-terrorism operations _________her cooperation.A.in the eyes ofB.in comparison withC.in regard toD.in return for2013/12Section A21. Laura Bush still remembers the sentence “the old maid of Midland married Midland’s most eligible bachelor ”.A.desirableB.negligibleC.miserableD.affordable22. Timothy Dolan commented that he felt somewhat better following a private meeting with President Obama.A.for some reasonB.by large measureC.to some extentD.at any time23. Her sense of humor, her grace and her willingness to bare her heart make this story beautifully rendered.A.toldB.advertisedC.decoratedD.admired24. By the time the general election was over, George felt mentally and physically worn out.A.abusedB.exhaustedC.enhancedD.depressed25. It is by no means stupid to ask for advice on how to turn down a job offer.A.reviseB.negotiateC.seekD.reject26. The two countries are going to sigh political agreements that facilitate troop withdrawals.A.helpB.demandC.postponeD.induce27. The majority of people living in the United States prefer a conventional church marriage.A.luxuriousB.traditionalC.splendidD.stunning28. Scientists are still measuring the impact of automation on the lives of factory workers.A.benefitB.agonyC.tollD.effect29. Andrew had taught English in a couple of schools prior to working in this academy.A.afterB.duringC.beforeD.by30. In any city, there are some telephone numbers to call in case of emergency.A.in the course ofB.in the event ofC.in the middle ofD.in the way of Section B31. This young lady was brave enough to prevent what _____might have been a tragedy.A.howeverB.thereforeC.otherwiseD.only32. When I asked about his son, he did not answer at first, but then he _____in tears.A.shut downB.let downC.took downD.broke down33. The Arab oil embargo and long gas lines______oil companies flocking back to Midland.pelledB.sentC.deliveredmitted34. Despite the huge progress that has been made, the price of property is far from ______.A.satisfiedB.satisfactionC.satisfactoryD.satisfy35. I felt good about the debates, believing that my performance had______expectations.A.exceededB.succeededC.proceededD.preceded36. It seems a lot of efforts but I’m sure it’s the best solution_____.A.on the other handB.in the long runC.once upon a timeD.out of the way37. Cherie Blair feels she has a lot to say when asked what she likes _____her husband.A.fromB.inC.toD.about38. Experts offer health _____as kids will be returning to the classroom this week.A.slipsB.tipsC.gossipsD.clips39. The progress of a science is largely depend on the interactions within the scientific _____.munityB.neighborhoodC.federationD.integration40. The speed of an object moving in a _____direction is called the velocity.A.uniqueB.specialC.particularD.strange2014/6Section A21. My daughter managed to finish college with distinction and went on to graduate school.A.differenceB.separationC.dominationD.honor22. The English abstract of your thesis leaves much to be desired, so you have to rewrite it.A.is near completionB.is far from perfectC.is among the bestD.is of little worth23. These kids, inexperienced but curious, finally made a kite that was too delicate to fly.A.subtleB.exquisiteC.fragileD.delicious24. The driver of this old car had few options short of replacing the motor.cking inB.other thanC.aside fromD.provided that25. A college education is more likely to give you the chance to live fulfilling lives.A.deterioratingB.forbiddingC.demandingD.rewarding26. You can’t help admiring the weightlifters when they lift the heavy weight with all their might.A.strengthB.likelihoodC.wisdomD.vigor27. This accomplished movie director had to pay a fine of over one million dollars for violation of the one-child policy.A.finishedB.notoriousC.successfulD.convicted28. If you own stock, you must allow for the possibility that it will lose value sometimes.A.throw doubt toB.take into accountC. go ahead withD. go in for29. The divorce rate among the post-80s in China is exceedingly high for various reasons.A.temporarilyB.extremelyC.allegedlyD.perpetually30. Those infected with the virus of hepatitis B enjoy equal rights under the provisions of the law.A.according toB.above allC.less thanD.regardless of Section B31. All the teachers you have had in your lifetime ______several categories.A.fall behindB.fall outC.fall throughD.fall into32. On that January day in a small town, my life changed ______and I became a high school teacher.A.courseB.wayC.roadD.line33. The ferry service will initially run on _______days, increasing eventually to daily sailings.A.considerableB.alternateC.elaborateD.subordinate34. A respectable official will never ______his principles in face of various pressure.prehendplicateprisepromise35. Incompetent leadership and bureaucracy can suppress creativity and ______.A.initialB.initiationC.initiativeD.initiator36. As the elevator is _______, you have to walk upstairs to my office.A.out of stockB.out of orderC.out of mindD.out of place37. This terrible road accident _______the driver disabled the rest of his life.A.keptB.remainedC.preservedD.left38. This girl spent little time on experiments, yet she ______completed her thesis as scheduled.A.somehowB.howeverC.additionallyD.hardly39. At any ICU in a hospital, there are a few patients who are _______ ill and look hopeless.A.ultimatelyB.terminallyC.drasticallyD.punctually40. College students in China are ________ to grammatical errors when they use English.A.proneB.conductiveC.rigorousD.casual2015/1Section A21.One of the most demanding jobs facing middle-aged males is how to control their weight.A.requiredB.difficultC.voluntaryD.amusing22.Experts are working hard to seek better and safer ways to dispose of nuclear waste.ply withB.collide withC.deal withD.identify with23.Several countries restrict the sale of e-cigarettes by classifying them as medical devices.A.facilitiesB.designsC.hazardsD.necessities24.Universities turn out students who know how to give answers,but not how to ask questions.A.recruitB.assembleC.verifyD.produce25.Because of the penetrating rain, further outdoor exercise was now out of the question.A.accessibleB.impossibleC.consecutiveD.awkward26.More businesses look to cloud-based collaboration as a means to gain a competitive edge.A.advantageB.borderC.awarenessD.innovation27.Police in plain clothes tried to disperse the crowd that was gathered outside the city council.A.break outB.break downC.break offD.break up28.Officials at the grass-roots level are expected to care about the daily lives of local people.A.superiorB.intermediateC.fundamentalD.utmost29.There is much clinical evidence that smoking adversely and irreversibly affects human health.A.unfavorableB.chronicallyC.temporarilyD.sentimentally30.After the students put up Christmas decorations, the classroom assumed a holiday appearance.A.took upB.took inC.took toD.took onSection B31.The nuclear industry produces radioactive waste________contaminated items like clothing.A.in the event ofB.in the form ofC.at the mercy ofD.for the sake of32.It is suspected that regular use of________ messages and email can lower one’s IQ.A.testB.textureC.textD.textile33.Some cancers are________ to be cured if detected in the early stage and treated without delay.A.possibleB.easyC.worthD.likely34.This high school is well-located,where the________ of teachers to students is excellent.A.ratioB.portionC.percentageD.rate35.Jeff realized that he would have no personal life without his daughter; everything he did________ round her.A.involvedB.evolvedC.revolvedD.resolved36.Mr,Stevens managed to ________ his business by cell phone while he was in the hospital.A.give way toB.keep track ofC.be skeptical aboute up with37.It is generally believed that ________ behavior is quite commonplace in the streets of Beijing.A.incompetentB.inexhaustibleC.inestimableD.indecent38.There is evidence that fish breathe in________ much the same way as humans do.A.quiteB.fairlyC.prettyD.rather39.The presence of elements________ iron greatly affects the physical properties of steel.A.but forB.other thanC.rather thanD.up to40.The United Kingdom________ England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.prisesB.consistsposesD.constitutes。

3.2.4 学位类别代码学位码学位名称201 哲学博士学位202 经济学博士学位203 法学博士学位204 教育学博士学位205 文学博士学位206 历史学博士学位207 理学博士学位208 工学博士学位209 农学博士学位210 医学博士学位211 军事学博士学位212 管理学博士学位学位码学位名称245 临床医学博士专业学位248 兽医博士专业学位250 口腔医学博士专业学位301 哲学硕士学位302 经济学硕士学位303 法学硕士学位304 教育学硕士学位305 文学硕士学位306 历史学硕士学位307 理学硕士学位308 工学硕士学位309 农学硕士学位学位码学位名称310 医学硕士学位311 军事学硕士学位312 管理学硕士学位341 法律硕士专业学位342 教育硕士专业学位343 工程硕士专业学位344 建筑学硕士专业学位345 临床医学硕士专业学位346 工商管理硕士专业学位347 农业推广硕士专业学位348 兽医硕士专业学位349 公共管理硕士专业学位350 口腔医学硕士专业学位351 公共卫生硕士专业学位352 军事硕士专业学位353 会计硕士专业学位354 体育硕士专业学位355 艺术硕士专业学位356 风景园林硕士专业学位357 汉语国际教育硕士专业学位码学位名称学位358 翻译硕士专业学位401 哲学学士学位402 经济学学士学位403 法学学士学位404 教育学学士学位405 文学学士学位406 历史学学士学位407 理学学士学位408 工学学士学位409 农学学士学位410 医学学士学位411 军事学学士学位412 管理学学士学位444 建筑学学士专业学位000 无学位900 境外学位3.2.5 授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录代码代码名称01 哲学0101 哲学010101 马克思主义哲学010102 中国哲学010103 外国哲学010104 逻辑学010105 伦理学010106 美学010107 宗教学010108 科学技术哲学02 经济学0201 理论经济学020101 政治经济学020102 经济思想史020103 经济史020104 西方经济学020105 世界经济020106 人口、资源与环境经济学0202 应用经济学020201 国民经济学020202 区域经济学020203 财政学020204 金融学020205 产业经济学020206 国际贸易学020207 劳动经济学代码代码名称020208 统计学020209 数量经济学020210 国防经济03 法学0301 法学030101 法学理论030102 法律史030103 宪法学与行政法学030104 刑法学030105 民商法学030106 诉讼法学030107 经济法学030108 环境与资源保护法学030109 国际法学030110 军事法学0302 政治学030201 政治学理论030202 中外政治制度030203 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动030204 中共党史030206 国际政治030207 国际关系030208 外交学0303 社会学030301 社会学030302 人口学030303 人类学030304 民俗学0304 民族学030401 民族学030402 马克思主义民族理论与政策030403 中国少数民族经济030404 中国少数民族史030405 中国少数民族艺术0305 马克思主义理论030501 马克思主义基本原理030502 马克思主义发展史030503 马克思主义中国化研究030504 国外马克思主义研究030505 思想政治教育030506 中国近现代史基本问题研究04 教育学0401 教育学040101 教育学原理040102 课程与教学论040103 教育史040104 比较教育学040105 学前教育学040106 高等教育学040107 成人教育学040108 职业技术教育学040109 特殊教育学040110 教育技术学0402 心理学040201 基础心理学040202 发展与教育心理学040203 应用心理学0403 体育学040301 体育人文社会学040302 运动人体科学040303 体育教育训练学040304 民族传统体育学05 文学0501 中国语言文学050101 文艺学050102 语言学及应用语言学050103 汉语言文字学050104 中国古典文献学050105 中国古代文学050106 中国现当代文学050107 中国少数民族语言文学050108 比较文学与世界文学0502 外国语言文学050201 英语语言文学050202 俄语语言文学050203 法语语言文学050204 德语语言文学050205 日语语言文学050206 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生物物理学071012 生态学071021 人类生物学0711 系统科学071101 系统理论071102 系统分析与集成0712 科学技术史(可授理学、工学、农学、医学学位)08 工学0801 力学(可授工学、理学学位) 080101 一般力学与力学基础080102 固体力学080103 流体力学080104 工程力学0802 机械工程080201 机械制造及其自动化080202 机械电子工程080203 机械设计及理论080204 车辆工程0803 光学工程0804 仪器科学与技术080401 精密仪器及机械080402 测试计量技术及仪器0805 材料科学与工程080501 材料物理与化学080502 材料学080503 材料加工工程0806 冶金工程080601 冶金物理化学080602 钢铁冶金080603 有色金属冶金0807 动力工程及工程热物理080701 工程热物理080702 热能工程080703 动力机械及工程080704 流体机械及工程080705 制冷及低温工程080706 化工过程机械0808 电气工程080801 电机与电器080802 电力系统及其自动化080803 高电压与绝缘技术080804 电力电子与电力传动080805 电工理论与新技术0809 电子科学与技术(可授工学、理学学位)080901 物理电子学080902 电路与系统080903 微电子学与固体电子学080904 电磁场与微波技术0810 信息与通信工程081001 通信与信息系统081002 信号与信息处理0811 控制科学与工程081101 控制理论与控制工程081102 检测技术与自动化装置081103 系统工程081104 模式识别与智能系统081105 导航、制导与控制0812 计算机科学与技术(可授工学、理学学位)081201 计算机系统结构081202 计算机软件与理论081203 计算机应用技术0813 建筑学081301 建筑历史与理论081302 建筑设计及其理论081303 城市规划与设计081304 建筑技术科学0814 土木工程081401 岩土工程081402 结构工程081403 市政工程081404 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程081405 防灾减灾工程及防护工程081406 桥梁与隧道工程0815 水利工程081501 水文学及水资源081502 水力学及河流动力学081503 水工结构工程081504 水利水电工程081505 港口、海岸及近海工程0816 测绘科学与技术081601 大地测量学与测量工程081602 摄影测量与遥感081603 地图制图学与地理信息工程0817 化学工程与技术081701 化学工程081702 化学工艺081703 生物化工081704 应用化学081705 工业催化0818 地质资源与地质工程081801 矿产普查与勘探081802 地球探测与信息技术081803 地质工程0819 矿业工程081901 采矿工程081902 矿物加工工程081903 安全技术及工程0820 石油与天然气工程082001 油气井工程082002 油气田开发工程082003 油气储运工程0821 纺织科学与工程082101 纺织工程082102 纺织材料与纺织品设计082103 纺织化学与染整工程082104 服装0822 轻工技术与工程082201 制浆造纸工程082202 制糖工程082203 发酵工程082204 皮革化学与工程0823 交通运输工程082301 道路与铁道工程082302 交通信息工程及控制082303 交通运输规划与管理082304 载运工具运用工程0824 船舶与海洋工程082401 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造082402 轮机工程082403 水声工程0825 航空宇航科学与技术082501 飞行器设计082502 航空宇航推进理论与工程082503 航空宇航制造工程082504 人机与环境工程0826 兵器科学与技术082601 武器系统与运用工程082602 兵器发射理论与技术082603 火炮、自动武器与弹药工程082604 军事化学与烟火技术0827 核科学与技术082701 核能科学与工程082702 核燃料循环与材料082703 核技术及应用082704 辐射防护及环境保护0828 农业工程082801 农业机械化工程082802 农业水土工程082803 农业生物环境与能源工程082804 农业电气化与自动化0829 林业工程082901 森林工程082902 木材科学与技术082903 林产化学加工工程0830 环境科学与工程(可授工学、理学、农学学位)083001 环境科学083002 环境工程0831 生物医学工程0832 食品科学与工程083201 食品科学083202 粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程083203 农产品加工及贮藏工程083204 水产品加工及贮藏工程09 农学0901 作物学090101 作物栽培学与耕作学090102 作物遗传育种0902 园艺学090201 果树学090202 蔬菜学090203 茶学0903 农业资源利用090301 土壤学090302 植物营养学0904 植物保护090401 植物病理学090402 农业昆虫与害虫防治090403 农药学0905 畜牧学090501 动物遗传育种与繁殖090502 动物营养与饲料科学090503 草业科学090504 特种经济动物饲养0906 兽医学090601 基础兽医学090602 预防兽医学090603 临床兽医学0907 林学090701 林木遗传育种090702 森林培育090703 森林保护学090704 森林经理学090705 野生动植物保护与利用090706 园林植物与观赏园艺090707 水土保持与荒漠化防治0908 水产090801 水产养殖090802 捕捞学090803 渔业资源10 医学1001 基础医学100101 人体解剖与组织胚胎学100102 免疫学100103 病原生物学100104 病理学与病理生理学100105 法医学100106 放射医学100107 航空、航天与航海医学1002 临床医学100201 内科学100202 儿科学100203 老年医学100204 神经病学100205 精神病与精神卫生学100206 皮肤病与性病学100207 影像医学与核医学100208 临床检验诊断学100209 护理学100210 外科学100211 妇产科学100212 眼科学100213 耳鼻咽喉科学100214 肿瘤学100215 康复医学与理疗学100216 运动医学100217 麻醉学100218 急诊医学1003 口腔医学100301 口腔基础医学100302 口腔临床医学1004 公共卫生与预防医学100401 流行病与卫生统计学100402 劳动卫生与环境卫生学100403 营养与食品卫生学100404 儿少卫生与妇幼保健学100405 卫生毒理学100406 军事预防医学1005 中医学100501 中医基础理论100502 中医临床基础100503 中医医史文献100504 方剂学100505 中医诊断学100506 中医内科学100507 中医外科学100508 中医骨伤科学100509 中医妇科学100510 中医儿科学100511 中医五官科学100512 针灸推拿学100513 民族医学1006 中西医结合100601 中西医结合基础100602 中西医结合临床1007 药学100701 药物化学100702 药剂学100703 生药学100704 药物分析学100705 微生物与生化药学100706 药理学1008 中药学11 军事学1101 军事思想及军事历史110101 军事思想110102 军事历史1102 战略学110201 军事战略学110202 战争动员学1103 战役学110301 联合战役学110302 军种战役学1104 战术学110401 合同战术学110402 兵种战术学1105 军队指挥学110501 作战指挥学110502 军事运筹学110503 军事通信学110504 军事情报学110505 密码学110506 军事教育训练学1106 军制学110601 军事组织编制学110602 军队管理学1107 军队政治工作学1108 军事后勤学与军事装备学110801 军事后勤学110802 后方专业勤务110803 军事装备学12 管理学1201 管理科学与工程(可授管理学、工学学位)1202 工商管理120201 会计学120202 企业管理120203 旅游管理120204 技术经济及管理1203 农林经济管理120301 农业经济管理120302 林业经济管理1204 公共管理120401 行政管理120402 社会医学与卫生事业管理120403 教育经济与管理120404 社会保障120405 土地资源管理1205 图书馆、情报与档案管理120501 图书馆学120502 情报学120503 档案学000000 自主设置专业3.2.6 学习方式代码代码代码名称1 脱产2 半脱产代码代码名称3 业余3.2.7 攻读类型代码代码代码名称11 公开招考22 提前攻博23 硕博连读24 本科直博代码代码名称35 本博连读（八年制临床医学博士）46 同等学力申请99 其它3.2.8 论文类型代码代码代码名称01 基础研究02 应用研究代码代码名称03 综合研究99 其它3.2.9 论文选题来源代码代码代码名称02 973、863项目04 国家社科规划、基金项目05 教育部人文、社会科学研究项目06 国家自然科学基金项目07 中央、国家各部门项目09 省（自治区、直辖市）项目12 国际合作研究项目代码代码名称13 与港、澳、台合作研究项14 企、事业单位委托项目15 外资项目16 学校自选项目17 国防项目90 非立项99 其他3.2.10 获学位后去向代码代码代码名称01 就业02 继续求学03 入博士后流动站04 出国代码代码名称05 出境06 待业99 其他3.2.11 工作单位性质类别代码代码代码名称10 行政单位21 科研设计单位22 高等学校23 其它教学单位24 医疗卫生单位29 其它事业单位代码代码名称31 国有企业32 三资企业33 民营企业39 其它企业40 部队99 其它* 高等学校、科研设计单位包括军事院校和军事科研院所。

2005年1月份研究生学位课英语统考试题Paper OnePart I ：Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points )Section A (1 point each)1.A: He refuses to help the woman. B: He can‘t handle the equipment by himself.C: He thinks some other people can do it better.D; He thinks the equipment is too heavy for the woman.2.A: His colleagues have contributed a lot. B: All of his colleagues congratulated him.C. The award has been given to his colleagues. D He doesn‘t deserve the honor.3. A: He dislike Jack‘s name. B He doesn‘t care who Jack is.C He doesn‘t know Jack well.D He dislikes Jack.4. A: The man is cracking a joke on her.B It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for so little money.C The man is out of his mind about the old vase.D The man has run into a great fortune.5. A: He can‘t find a good idea about the problem. B He feels hopeless about the project.C He has encountered another problem.D He is going to give up the project.6. A: It is worthwhile. B It has a very tight schedule.C It was a waste of time.D It took him too much time on the road.7. A: It‘s useless to talk to the professor. B The professor is often unfair.C The man has done well enough.D The man can‘t be be tter next time.8. A The man should not say things like that. B The man should fight back.C The man should show his anger openly.D The man should not complain openly.9. A: She was injured in the shoulder. B She disliked the people who attended the party.C She was laughed at for her behaviour.D She was unpopular at the party.Section B (1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A: Improving the conditions of farm animals. B: Increasing the production of farm animals.C: Regulating the food marketing system.D: Regulating the food stores and restaurant chains.11. A: Because they want to save more money. B: Because they want the hens to lay more eggs.C Because they want the hens to grow more lean meat.D Because they want to sell the hens at a better price.12. A: Chickens should be kept in clean places. B: Pigs should be housed in large metal boxes.C: Farm animals should be slaughtered in factories.D Farm animals should be killed without feeling pain.Mini-talk Two13. A: Under the mountains is the state of Nevada.B: At the power centers in almost forty states.C: Under the deep ocean . D Near the inactive volcanoes.14. A: People object to burying it at the power centers.B: The power centers have no more space to store it.C: It is very dangerous to bury it in populous areas.D: The new site is the estate of the federal government.15. A; There are active volcanoes nearby. B: Some people still live in the area.C: The area is close to Las Vegas. D The area is geographically unsafe.Section C (1 point each)You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions (请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上.) 16．What percentage of plant and animal species on Earth do rain forests contain?17. What critical role do rain forests play besides being home to animals and plants?18. How much has global output of carbon dioxide increased in the past century?19. To be classified as a rain forest, how should the trees look?20. How large is the size of the rain forest in South America?Part I Vocabulary Section A1.This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseasstudy.A frustratedB formulatedC fabricatedD facilitated2.Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.A agreementB consensus Cpermission D support3. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.A pull outB pull upC pull inD pull over4. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.A detectableB triflingC inexcusableD magnificent5. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3rd straight time this summer.A directB proceedingC verticalD successive6. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.A difficultB sustainableC externalD unpredictable7. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.A restrictB reduceC increaseD stabilize8. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative .A efficientB conventionalC economicalD unique.9. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through community service.A pay offB get offC dispose ofD run off10. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.A brought forwardB brought aboutC brought downD brought inSection B :11. As females in their 40s tend to ____ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.A take onB hold onC carry onD put on12. The shop-owner took a load of ____-crusted bread and handed it to the child.A fragileB crispC vagueD harsh13. The excessive hospitality ____ the local officials failed to leave us assured.A on the point ofB on the grounds ofC on the advice ofD on the part of14.These intelligence officers tried a ___ of persuasion and force to get the information they wanted.A combinationB collaborationC convictionD confrontation15. The terminally ill patient lying in the ___ care unit was kept alive on life support.A apprehensiveB intensiveC extensiveD comprehensive16. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is ____.A ice-breakingB eye-catchingC painstakingD soul-touching17. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll ___ brilliant high school students.A intellectuallyB intelligiblyC intelligentlyD intimately18. When a heavy vehicle is ___ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.A involvedB stuckC interferedD specialized19. A risk or effect may diminish ___, but it may also increase for some reason.A at willB over timeC under wayD so far20. It‘s in your best ____ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.A sakeB benefitC advantageD interestPart II. Cloze―Techno-stress‖----frustration arising from pressure to use new technology----is said to be 21 , reports Maclean‘s magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 22 ―the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 23 of work and home life as a result of 24 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones.‖ How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 25 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 26 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. ― 27 time each day to turn the technology off,‖ and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 28 attention. ―People start the day by making the 29 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of wo rking to a plan,‖ notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp. ―The best hour and a half of the day is spent on complete30 .‖21. A descending B narrowing C mounting D widening22. A pass on B range from C deal with D give up23. A confusion B construction C contribution D conduction24. A creations B promotions C productions D innovations25. A laws B boundaries C deadlines D barriers26. A convenience B advantages C flexibility D complexity27. A Put forward B Put across C Put aside D Put up28. A prior B major C senior D superior29. A fragmental B fictional C fractional D fundamental30. A relaxation B entertainment C rubbish D hobbyPart III. Reading ComprehensivePassage OneThe study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new Industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concern about genetically engineered crops.―In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,”says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment.―A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato…‖ Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer adesired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity---some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. ―We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes,‖ said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.31. According to the author, biotech companies are ______A mostly specialized in agriculture.B those producing seeds of better propertiesC mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops.D likely to have big returns in their business.32. Now biotech products are made ____.A within the limits of natural genetics .B by violating laws of natural genetics.C without the interference of humans.D safer than those without the use of biotechnology33. In nature, genetic diversity is created ____A by mixing different speciesB within the species itselfC through natural selectionD through selection or contest34.Biotechnoly has made it possible ____A for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world.B for plants to be produced with genes of humans.C for humans to assume the cold-resistant property.D to grow crops with the taste of farm animals.35. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology ____A the species of creatures will be reduced. D we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases.B our living environment will be better than it is now.C humans will pay for its side effect.36. T he author‘s attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described ____A optimisticB pessimisticC concernedD suspiciousPassage TwoThe practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate whether government should utilize the death penalty continue today.The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions duringthis period include French authors V oltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocates the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human right issue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoint, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes a public issue.37. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times _________A death penalty had been carried out before government came into being.B people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions.C death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries.D many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel.38. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?A People began to criticize their government.B The government was unjust in this period.C People began to realize the value of life.D Social critics were very active at that time.39. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria ____A was the first person to question the rightness of death penalty.B was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment.C was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals.D first raised the theory against capital punishment.40. Critics of capital punishment insist that it ___.A violates human rights regulations.B is an ineffective punishment of the criminalsC is just the revenge for terrible crimes.D involves killing without mercy.41. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty _____A agree that it is a human rights issueB agree that it can prevent crimes.C explain its statistical analyses differentlyD think that they are asked different types of questions.42. The author‘s attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as _____A supportiveB criticalC neutralD contradictoryPassage ThreeBears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared in common----although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother.The key to a bear‘s survival is finding enough food to satisfy the en ergy demands of its largesize. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears----their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear‘s body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic ground squirrel drops from 380C to as low as -30C.43. Most bears live alone because _________A they don‘t want to keep a social network.B each bear feeds on different kinds of food.C male and female bears can‘t tolerate each other.D they don‘t want other bears to share th eir food.44.According to the passage, bears of the same sex ____A can get along with each other peacefully.B share their range with each other.C live in an area partly shared in common.D can‘t live peacefully in the same area.45.As is told about bears in the passage, we know that _____A it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees.B a bear can long remember where it has found food.C all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their prey.D all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals.46. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because ____A their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding.B they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season.C they need to convert their fat into energy in winter.D they can‘t find enough food in the cold season.47. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that _______A animals in hibernation don‘t wake up easily.B animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply.C the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn‘t change.D animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions.48. The passage is mainly about ___.A the species of bearsB the food category of bearsC the winter sleep of bearsD the behavior of bearsPassage FourThe young man who came to the door--- he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---- didn‘t seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a larg e room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eightmen, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one‘s early childhood--- a sunlight encountered later only in one‘s dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace , and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect ---and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give ---and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow , but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and read more of what I had written, than I had expected , and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversations, in low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I don‘t know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no ----the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him ---- his worshipers‘ joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.49.Which of the following is the best alternative word f or ―imposing‖?A EnthusiasticB HostileC ImpressiveD Anxious50. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?A TranquilB SolemnC ChaoticD Stressful51.How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?A DelightedB AstonishedC EmbarrassedD Scared52. Which of the following statements is true about the author?A He talked little.B He was puzzledC He enjoyed the conversationD He got more respect than he deserved.53. The man didn‘t get deeply involved in any subject because they ____A had little knowledgeB didn‘t know one another well.C wanted to relax themselvesD awaited the arrival of someone important54. What can we learn about Elijah?A He was admired by others.B He was very handsome.C He was a man with determinationD He was happy to give speeches.Passage FiveSingapore‘s Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers, including wearable devices and virtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bond‘s tool man, Q.It is funded by the Defense Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $ 5 billion defense budget, and sponsors hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took justone day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high fever, helping to stem the spread of SARS.DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have broad civilian applications.Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon. The Singapore garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like material that is much lighter and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substance on contact.Much of the agency‘s work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations, says its director R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower is one of the agency‘s most critical assignmen ts, because Singapore is a nation of 5 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors, including Indonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that seems that smaller Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans, says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder, digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.55. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably________A a mechanic in James Bond‘s garage.B a fictional Australian with spiky hair.C a director of the Advanced Combat Man SystemD An imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment.56. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA true?A It became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.B It funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality lab.C It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.D It takes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.57. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly because ___A it is made of a new material resembling plastics.B it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on it.C it has been adapted to the tropical weather there.D its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment.58. Which of the following is Not mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?A Smaller soldiersB Smaller populationC Limited defense budgetD Limited natural resources59. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show ____A what DSTA has done to meet the country‘s special needs.B how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can be.C why it is difficult for Q to compete with CHoo Hui Weing .D how Singapore‘s technology is superior to that of the British.60. The main purpose of the passage is to ____A analyze Singapore‘s defense system.B summarize the contributions of DSTA.C introduce the technical advantages of a small country.D describe the roles and achievements of a government agency.Paper Two Part IV TranslationSection AQuitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. Section B人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性. 为实现长期可持续发展, 发达国家应不惜代价减少温室气体的排放. 如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变, 东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20年前的10倍.Part V Writingwrite a compositions of no less than 150 words under the title of “Knowledge from books and knowledge from experience” . Your composit ion should be based on the following outline:1Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. 2．Explain which source is more important?Answer1-10 CDABD, ACCAB, 11-20 DBDAB, DABBD 21-30 CBADB, DCADC31-40 DBBBA, CBCBD, 41-50 CCDDB, DADCA 51-60 DADAD, CBCABTranslation : Section BThere is a growing realization/awareness that developing environment-protecting products really counts. To fulfil the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrese the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago.2005年6月研究生学位英统考试题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension（25 minutes, 20 points ）Section A (1 point each)1.A: To ask his boss for leave. B: To work in his place.C To meet his friend at the airport.D To cover his absence from his boss.2. A; He doesn’t want to go to the show, as he is not interested in it.B: He is not free to go to the fashion show with the woman.C He can’t go with the woman, as he has to finish his paper.D he can’t go with the woman, as he has a pile of paperwork to do.3. A: He has been pretty busy. B: He has been mad.。

2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _ ，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20th century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that Process in 8 . It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implication s. “Benefits” have been weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.1. ［A］between ［B］before ［C］since ［D］later2. ［A］after ［B］by ［C］during ［D］until3. ［A］means ［B］method ［C］medium ［D］measure4. ［A］process ［B］company ［C］light ［D］form5. ［A］gathered ［B］speeded ［C］worked ［D］picked6. ［A］on ［B］out ［C］over ［D］off7. ［A］of ［B］for ［C］beyond ［D］into8. ［A］concept ［B］dimension ［C］effect ［D］perspective9. ［A］indeed ［B］hence ［C］however ［D］therefore10. ［A］brought ［B］followed ［C］stimulated ［D］characterized11. ［A］unless ［B］since ［C］lest ［D］although12. ［A］apparent ［B］desirable ［C］negative ［D］plausible13. ［A］institutional ［B］universal ［C］fundamental ［D］instrumental14. ［A］ability ［B］capability ［C］capacity ［D］faculty15. ［A］by means of ［B］in terms of ［C］with regard to ［D］in line with16. ［A］deeper ［B］fewer ［C］nearer ［D］smaller17. ［A］context ［B］range ［C］scope ［D］territory18. ［A］regarded ［B］impressed ［C］influenced ［D］effected19. ［A］competitive ［B］controversial ［C］distracting ［D］irrational20. ［A］above ［B］upon ［C］against ［D］withSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?”the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it’s the delivery which causes theaudience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up”or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatement. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.21. To make your humor work, you should .[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .[A] impolite to new arrivals[B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges[D] very busy even during lunch hours23. It can be inferred from the text that public services .[A] have benefited many people[B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor[D] have often been the laughing stock24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .[A] in well-worded language[B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements[D] as casually as possible25. The best title for the text may be .[A] Use Humor Effectively[B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech[D] Different Humor StrategiesText 2Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for thetransaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in .[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D] the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.27. The word “gizmos” (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means .[A] programs ［B］ experts ［C］ devices ［D］ creatures28. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robotthat can .[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.[B] interact with human beings verbally.[C] have a little common sense.[D] respond independently to a changing world.29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .[A] make a few decisions for themselves.[B] deal with some errors with human intervention.[C] improve factory environments.[D] cultivate human creativity.30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are .[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure.[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately.[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.[D] best used in a controlled environment.Text 3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_______[A] global inflation. [B] reduction in supply.[C]fast growth in economy. [D] Iraq’s suspension of exports.32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go updramatically if______.[A] price of crude rises. [B] commodity prices rise.[C] consumption rises. [D] oil taxes rise.33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_______.［A］heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.［B］income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.［C］manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.［D］oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_______.［A］oil-price shocks are less shocking now.［B］inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.［C］energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.［D］the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.35. From the text we can see that the writer seems__________.［A］optimistic. ［B］sensitive. ［C］gloomy. ［D］scared.Text 4The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death”.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It’s like surgery,” he says. “We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong andeven dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering”, to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are pre sumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’pain[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide37. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’death.[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can beprescribed.[D] A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.38. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is .[A] prolonged medical procedures [B] inadequate treatment of pain[C] systematic drug abuse [D] insufficient hospital care39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive”(line 4, paragraph7)?[A] Bold. [B] Harmful. [C] Careless. [D] Desperate40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .[A] manage their patients incompetently[B] give patients more medicine than needed[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patientsPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technologymight be drawn.（41）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. （42）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.（43）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. （44）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends? （45）Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures National and International”.In the essay you should1. describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2. give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。