云南师范大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业：学科教学（英语）考试科目及代码：高级英语820考试时量：150分钟试卷编号：（A卷）考号：姓名：I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 2 point each)Directions:Choose the best word or phrase to complete each of the following statements.1. The man who was driving the truck would not admit that he had been At fault, and .A. neither the other driverB. neither would the other driverC. neither had the other driverD, the other driver neither2. It was that we went camping in the mountains last weekendA. so nice a weatherB. too nice weatherC. such nice weatherD. nice weather so3. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them every nightA practiced B, to practice C. practicing D.practice4. Betty was concerned that her great social popularity discouraging effect on the man she wanted to marry.A. should beB. had beenC. will beD. might have5. An air brake is the power of compressed air to stop a wheel from TurningA. a brake used toB. what a brake is used forC. a brake that usesD. that a brake is used for6. The purpose of the research had a different meaning for them than.A. for oursB. oursC. that of usD. it did for us7. They shouldn't allow _ in this street; it's too narrow.A. to parkB. parkingC. partD. parked8. He also conceived that the solar system and the universe _ into existence by a natural process and would disappear one day.A. had comeB. would comeC. would be comeD. come9. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _ all practical value by the time they were finished.A. could loseB. would have lostC. might loseD. ought to have lost10. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ___ in the tropical forest,would find his way through it.A. having been desertedB. to be desertedC. having desertedD. to have been deserted11. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meetingmind taking the night train.A. providedB. unlessC. though you don'tD. until12. After having gone _ far, George did not want to turn back.A. enoughB. muchC. suchD. that13. _ how to repair the stove, I surely would have helped her.A. Had I knownB. Would I knowC. Werei knownD. Would I have known14. he would not persuade the other members of the committee, hegave in.A. Given thatB. Seeing thatC. ThatD. In that15. The results of the study were more satisfactory __ _A. than it anticipatedC. than anticipatedB. ti:an has been anticipatedD. than anticipating16. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made_ .A. on the spotB. on the siteC. on the locationD. on the ground17. The boys _ him to be the best player on the baseball team.A. acknowledgedB. admittedC. attributedD. accepted18. If you plan to go to Venezuela next month, you had better _ on your Spanish.A. brush upB. play upC. set upD. take up19. You could _ all the worthwhile information in this book into a few pages.A. collectB. combineC. convertD. compress20. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _A. out of stockB. out of reachC. out of practiceD. out of work21. A work of art is an abstract of the world and the result of expression of nature, in _A. miniatureB. modestyC. modulationD. municipality22. Someone who is typically depressed should try harder to _ .A. flare upB. cheer upC. clear upD. look up23. A resolution to maintain the truce was carried by an majority.A. leadingB. largeC. pervasiveD. overwhelming24. In the early morning the whole village was _ in smoke and mist.A. envelopedB. shelteredC. shieldedD. enclosed25. This program recruits _ college graduates to work inlow-income schools from which many educators flee.A. low-performingB. high-achievingC. fast-developingD. slow-moving26. They are determined to _ in the fight no matter how hard it is.A. persevereB. revereC. pretendD. permit27. Leaders who _ education are neither far-sighted nor mature, and they are therefore unable to lead the drive for modernization.A. neglectB. omit C:respect D. avoid28. He was deeply _ in reading and skipped his meal.A. immersedB. devotedC. contributedD. thrown29. Each of these people found a way back to. a fulfilling career. And they all learned that the pain and _ are temporary.A. humiliationB. humanC. humanityD. humble30. Helpful friends, _ good luck and a good resume got Sherrye back on track.A. difficultB. tenacityC. troubleD. foundationII. Reading Comprehension (50 points, 2 points each)Directions:In this part, there are 5 short passages. Read each passagecarefully, and choose the best answer for each question that follows.Passage 1At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenge of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer (臭氧层). Thesereductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and theeconomies of states.Although the threat of global warming has been hmown to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of C02 in the atmosphere, this piath is not I feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous low- or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities, new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imaging what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases, especially where there had been none.I. The main purpose of this passage is to _A. convince people that global warming is a real threatB. criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layerC. analyze the problem of global warmingD. argue against making deep cuts in emissions2. The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that _A. the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problemB. world technology is not able to solve the problemC. not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissionsD. many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer3. In the passage the author implies that _ .A. it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layerB. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environmentC. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warmingD. the problem of global warming has largely been solved4. According to the author, it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because _A. it is only a goal to be reached in the futureB. some people are lacking in imaginationC. some people are irresponsibleD. it would cause a collapse of the world economy5. What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming?A. They should replace all the harmful substances.B. They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.C. They should hold another world conference on climate change.D. They should provide advanced technology.Passage 2Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, wearing dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headache sand watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of" snow light".The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered area. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball inincreasing quantity until vision blurs then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snow blindness.Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw light weight,dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white area is overcome.6. The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because _ _ _A. tears cover the eyeballs.B. The eyes are irritated by blinding sunlight,C. There is only white snow to focus on.D. The eyes are irritated by blinding snow7. When the eyes are sore, tears are produced to _A. clear the visionB. remedy snow blindness·C. ease the irritation.D. Loosen the muscles.8. Snow blindness may be avoided by _A. concentrating on the solid white areaB. providing the eyes with something to focus onC. searching for something to look at in snow covered areas.D. Covering the eyeballs with fluid.9. The first paragraph is mainly concerned with _A. the need for dark glass.B. The whiteness from snow.C. Headaches, watering eyes and snow blindness.D. Snow glare and snow blindness.10. A suitable title for this passage would be _A. Snow blindness and How to Overcome ItB. Nature's Cure for Snow blindnessC. Soldiers in the SnowD. Snow VisionPassage 3Gestures, by definition, transmit signals, and these signals must come across clearly if we are to understand their messages. They cannot afford to be vague and woolly; they must be crisp and sharp and difficult to confuse with other signals. To do this they have to develop a 'typical form' that shows comparatively little variation. And they must be performed with a 'typical intensity' t showing much the same speed, strength and amplitude on each occasion that they are brought into action. It is rather like the ringing of a telephone bell. The signal goes on sounding at fixed intervals, at a fixedvolume, and with a fixed sound, no matter how urgent the call. No one confuses a telephone bell with a front-door bell or an alarm clock. Its fixed form and its fixed intensity make it unmistakable. The process is at work in human gestures. When an angry man shakes his first, the chances are that the speed, force and amplitude of each shake, as the first jerks back and forth in mid-air, are much the same on each occasion that heemploys this gesture and there is a reasonable likelihood that his spee.d, force and amplitude will besimilar to those of any other fist-shaker. If, as an experiment, you were to perform a fist-shaking gesture in which you slowed down the movement, decreased the force, and increased the distance traveled by the clenched fist, it is doubtful if your signal would be understood. An onlooker might imagine you were exercising your arm, but it is doubtful if he would read the message as a threat display.Most of our gestures have grown into typical presentations of this kind. We all wave in much the same way, clap our hands at roughly the same speed, beckon with much the same amplitude and shake our heads with much the san1e rhythm. This is not a conscious process. We simply tune into the cultural norm. Unwittingly, we smooth the path of the hundreds of tiny messages that fly between us whenever we meet and interact. Somehow we manage to match up our gestures with those of our companions, and they do the same with ours. Together we all synchronize the intensities of our gesturing until we are all operating in concert, as if under the control of an invisible cultural conductor.As always with human behavior there are exceptions to this general rule. We are not automatons. We show personal idiosyncrasies --individual variations on the cultural themes. One man, with a particularly fine set of teeth, shows an exaggeratedly intense, open-lipped smile, and he does this even in mild situations. Another man, with bad teeth, gives a more closed smile, even when strongly stimulated. One man bellows with laughter, while another titters, in reaction to the same joke. These are gesture variants, and they provide each of us with a behavioral 'style', or body personality. They are small differences compared with our general gesture-conformity, but they can become important personal labels none the less.11. What do successful gestures have in common?A. Manner.B. Rhythm.C. Clarity.D. Intensity.12.What characteristics do successful gestures share with telephone bell?A. Tney both must be responded to.B. It is not usual to mistake what they mean.C. They go on for a long time.D. They are repeated as many times as possible.13.A fist-shaking gesture might cause confusion if _A. the person also clenched his teethB. the person failed to synchronize his gesturing with those around himC. the gesture didn't have the proper rhythmD. the gesture was abnormal for that particular person14. According to the passage, what makes people develop similar gesture?A. The need to be liked.B. The need to facilitate communication.C. The desire to be part of a particular culture.D. The conscious desire to be like other people.15. What accounts for individual variation in gesture?A. The fact that people live in different cultures.B. People's desire to show off their good features.C. The fact that people are different shapes and sizes.D. The unconscious development of one's own mannerPassage 4While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations（康乃馨）retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at l2°C than when kept at 26°C. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the st important aspect of flower care.Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination. After that, they quickly wither and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and emit carbon dioxide, called respiration, generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The i11akit1g of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers, the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower, thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperature, respiration is minimized and the cut flower will age more slowly. Tropical flowers are an exception to this rule; they prefer warmer temperatures.This brings us to another important aspect of cut flowers care: humidity. The average air-conditioned room has a relative humidity of 65%, which contributes to greater water loss in the flower. Flowers are less likely to dry out if humidity levels are 90-95%, but this may be unrealistic unless you live in the tropics or subtropics.Yet another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of thewater in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to ‘drink' water that is dirty or otherwise contaminated. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains bacteria and fungi that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted germs, household chlorine bleach can be used in smallquantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 14% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.16. What are the three essential factors the author believes flower care isdependent on?A. Pollination, making of seeds, respiration.B. Temperature, humidity, water quality.C. Bacteria, fungi, germs.D. Household chlorine bleach, air-conditioned room, lower temperature.17. What are the two aspects of a flower that depend on respiration?A. Shape and color.B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide.C. Birds and insects.D. Releasing heat and making of seeds.18. Which of the following flower care methods does not apply to all flowers?A. Cooler temperature.B. Clean water.C. High humidity.D. Regular daily replacement of water solution.19. What is the right and realistic humidity level for flower care?A. 65%.B. 90%.C. 90%~95%.D. None of the above.20. We can infer from the passage that "pollination" Is the process of _A consuming oxygen and emitting carbon dioxideB. the transferring of pollen from one flower to anotherC. making of seedsD. releasing heatPassage 5Deep inside the rain forest, south of the mighty Amazon River, lies a 435-mile stretch of dirt road. For many Brazilians, the paving of such rutted( 有车辙的), often impassable routes has almost mystical significance as an essential part of economic progress. But toenvironmentalists this ritual of development always means destruction for the earth's largest rain forest, and in this particular case, could unleash forces that would make this road the most dangerous thoroughfare (通道) in the world.Such concerns have not deterred the Brazilian government from its decision to pace over those 435 miles, the last unfmished portion of a highway called BR -163. That will create a 1 080-mile chain of asphalt (柏油路) going past the Tapajos National Forest and linking the Amazon River with southern Brazil. As has happened throughout the Amazon basin, the completion of the highway will open the forest to settlers, and they will undoubtedly set fires to clear land near the road. This area, however is regularly hit by drought and is perhaps the most vulnerable part of the forest. Fires here could grow into the worst conflagration ( 大火灾) the Amazon has ever seen. Daniel Nepstad, an ecologist who divides his time between the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts and the Amazon Institute for Environmental Research in Bel em, Brazil, warns that the paving of BR -163 "could be the beginning of the end of the Amazon."In the Brazilian Amazon, roughly 75% of deforestation has occurred within 30 miles of a paved road. Despite laws prohibiting settlement in virgin lands, politicians, who see settlers as voters, have encouraged Brazil's 10 million landless poor to migrate into the interior, torching forest as they go. But the rain forest is not good agricultural land, and many of the farmers sell out to cattl ranchers. The only reason enormous stretches of the forest did not bum down in 1998 was that paved roads did not yet penetrate the most fragile areas.Conservationists are still trying to block the paving of.BR-163, arguing that the government approved the project without assessing its environmental impact. There's a chance the opposition will succeed, powerful agribusinesses are arrayed behind the road. It will link the port of Santarem on the Amazon River with the city of Cuiaba to the south and make it easier to export soybeans from southern fields.The irony is that in the end agribusiness will suffer along with everyone else. The destruction of the rain forest could make drought more common all over Brazil, endangering soybean production. In the face of that peril, the government will have to decide whether short-term profits are worth risking an environmental disaster for Brazil ---and the whole planet.21. The paving of BR -163 by the Brazilian government will _A. greatly boost Brazil's economyB. cultivate better agricultural landC. destroy the rain forest and bring more droughtD. All of the above.22. Why have Politicians encouraged a large number of landless poor to migrate into the interior?A. Because they want the landless poor to clear more land in the forest.B. Because they want more votes from the landless poor.C. Because the farmers want to raise cattle on the land.D. Because the landless poor would pave a new road into the forest23. "The opposition" (line 3, paragraph 4), refers to _A. governmentB. conservationistsC. agribusinessmenD. Both A and C24. Which of the following best summaries the passage?A. The Road to DisasterB.The Paving ofBR-163C. Environment and BusinessD. Route through the Amazon25. What does "irony" (line 1, paragraph 5) probably mean? A．Wisdom. B. Philosophy. C. Moral. D. MockeryIII. Proof reading (20 points, 2 points each)Directions: The following passage contains ten errors, one in eachindicated line or lines. In each case, only one word is involved. Correctionsshould be done as follows:Organic food generally costs more. That might be worth it,if organic food was healthier or more environmentally friendly.exhibit However, it's not. It's more expensive, and it's better for you 1 _than regular food.In Canada, all foods, organic and non-organic, must see 2 _the same food safety standards. The Canadian Food InspectionAgency is responsible at monitoring the Canadian food supply. 3 _ _ Over the past several years, it's consistent shown that more 4. _ than 99 per cent of the food produced in Canada falls withinits standards. Farmers are trained to use fertilizers responsiblyto insure that their food do not pose a health risk to consumers. 5 _ Organic food is not better for the environment, too. All 6. _ farmers must treat the environment with respect, unless 7 . _they want to be successful in the long term. Their familieslive, working, and play on their farms. Their livelihoods 8 _depend on the wise and responsible management of resources,such as soil, water, and air. However, only1.5 per cent of Canadians farmers grow organic food.In fact, virtually all farmers who employ the same 9 . _ environmentally responsible techniques as organic farmers;they simply have a wider range of options to manage pestsand disease.Use the full range of options to increase crop yields, 10 _ including commercial fertilizers, is better for the environment because less land is required to grow food for agrowing population. This leaves more land for wildlifehabitat and natural areas.IV. Paraphrase (20 points, 2 points each)Directions: Explain the following sentences in your own words1. He was a shy man who kept to himself.2. When Tom comes home, he wants to relax and unwind by quietly reading the news.3. We appreciate the importance of China in the global economy and the notion that our son's knowing Chinese may give him a leg up later in life.4. There is no point in keeping vengeance or stubbornness.5. You can't get stuck on the regrets of what should have happened.6. We have, as a nation, to do more and to do better in our duty of care to our children.7. There has never been a time in history when the character of human imagination wasn't important.8. Lund said that she and her teaching partner had to develop teaching materials from scratch.9. The one who stays unruffled has a great advantage in being able to help others, to control the situation.10. Education reform is hitting home this summer.V. Writing (30 points)Beijing announced on Oct 21 that starting 2016, the score of English in College Entrance Examination (gaokao) would drop from 150 to 100 on its plan. Currently, gaokao weighs English, Chinese and mathematics equally.What do you think about Beijing's decision to reduce the number of points allocated to the English language test in the college entrance examination? How will such a reform influence China's English teaching and learning?Write on ANAWER SHEET a composition of about 400 words on the following topic:My View on Beijing's Reduction of the Score of English in GaokaoYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your view is.In the second part, support your view with one or more reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summaryMarks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
