扩大减压的经椎间孔椎间融合术治疗下腰椎疾病的疗效分析

微创经椎间孔腰椎融合术与椎间孔镜腰椎间盘摘除术在腰椎间盘突出症治疗中的对比分析目的分析腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗方法和效果。

方法整群选取该院2014年1月—2015年12月收治的52例腰椎间盘突出症患者作为研究对象，随机分为两个组别。

对照组（经椎间孔腰椎融合术）、试验组（椎间孔镜腰椎间盘摘除术）各26例，观察比较治疗效果。

结果试验组手术、住院时间短，术中出血量少，手术指标优于对照组；术后6个月患者V AS评分、ODI评分、JOA评分为（1.6±0.3）分、（20.5±1.9）分、（18.6±4.2）分，对照组为（2.4±0.5）分、（26.6±2.4）分、（16.1±3.7）分。

P＜0.05，差异有统计学意义。

结论针对腰椎间盘突出症患者，椎间孔镜腰椎间盘摘除术疗效优于经椎间孔腰椎融合术，推荐选用。

[關键词] 腰椎间盘突出症；腰椎融合术；腰椎间盘摘除术[Abstract] Objective To analyze the operative treatment method and effect of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods 52 cases of patients with lumbar intervertebral disc treated in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2015 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into two groups with 26 cases in each，the control group were treated with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion，the test group were treated with percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar intervertebral discectomy，and the treatment effects were observed and compared. Results The operation time and length of stay in the test group were short，and the intraoperative blood loss was less，the operative indexes in the test group were better than those in the control group；the V AS，ODI and JOA scores were respectively （1.6±0.3）marks，（20.5±1.9）marks and （18.6±4.2）marks in the test group and （2.4±0.5）marks，（26.6±2.4）marks and （16.1±3.7）marks in the control group in postoperative 6-month，and the differences had statistical significance. Conclusion The curative effect of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar intervertebral discectomy is better than that of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for patients with protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc，which is recommended to be selected.[Key words] Protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc；Lumbar interbody fusion；Lumbar intervertebral discectomy腰椎间盘突出症是骨科常见病变，属于退行性病变类型，临床症状表现为腰部疼痛、下肢麻木，影响正常的工作和生活[1]。

椎间融合技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的现状及进展腰椎间盘突出症为骨科常见病和多发病，是引起腰腿疼痛最常见的原因之一。

每年约10%～15%的腰椎间盘突出症患者最终需要手术治疗[1]。

手术治疗分为融合性和非融合性两大类。

椎间融合手术目前应用较为广泛，是外科治疗的重要方法。

本文主要就椎间融合术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的特点、优缺点及新近发展方向做一综述。

1 腰椎间盘突出症的发病机制腰椎间盘是身体负重量最大的部位，一般认为机体从20岁以后椎间盘便开始退变，外伤及腰椎反复活动和负重等均能加速这种退变。

当退变到达一定阶段，纤维环产生薄弱区域，其内部的髓核便会突出。

椎间盘（髓核）突出时神经根及硬膜囊会直接受到压迫，产生神经根痛及功能障碍，这是由于神经根对机械压迫非常敏感，因为神经根没有周围神经那样的结缔组织保护鞘[2]。

突出物压迫和机械刺激还会影响椎管内小血管，致神经组织产生缺血缺氧，引起功能障碍。

有研究认为，神经组织缺血缺氧引起的功能障碍较单纯压迫更为严重，预后也更差。

当椎间盘突出发生时，髓核还能引起神经根、硬膜和马尾神经的炎症，但具体机制有待进一步确认。

新近的实验研究还表明，椎间盘突出会在局部产生免疫反应，这是因为正常的髓核封闭在纤维环中，当纤维环破裂时，髓核的某些成分便会与机体在神经根局部产生抗原抗体反应。

2 椎间融合术椎间融合的概念首先由Cloward在1940年提出，即切除椎间盘，通过植骨或内植物将椎体间关节融合。

经过不断发展，椎间融合技术现已广泛应用于腰椎间盘突出症的治疗中。

椎间融合术可以切除导致疼痛的椎间盘，并提供腰椎节段间坚强的融合固定，以维持腰椎的承重作用，同时可以恢复椎间隙的高度扩大椎间孔，解除或缓解神经根压迫[2]。

手术治疗原则是充分减压和保持脊柱稳定性，目的是去除突出物造成的压迫和刺激，消除或缓解临床症状[3]。

按手术入路可分为前路椎体间融合术（Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion，ALIF）、后路椎体间融合术（Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion，PLIF）及椎间孔入路椎间融合术（Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion，TLIF）等。

微创经椎间孔减压腰椎融合内固定术与传统后路开放手术治疗
腰椎退变性疾病的疗效
宋建康
【期刊名称】《中国社区医师》
【年(卷),期】2017(033)019
【摘要】目的:探讨微创颈椎间孔减压腰椎融合内固定术与传统后路开放手术治疗腰椎退变性疾病的疗效.方法:收治腰椎退变性疾病患者76例,随机分为对照组和研究组,对照组采用传统后路开放手术治疗,研究组采用微创经椎间孔减压腰椎融合内固定术治疗,比较两组治疗效果.结果:研究组住院时间、引流量、出血量、手术时间和CPK评分均优于对照组(P<0.05).结论:微创颈椎间孔减压腰椎融合内固定术治疗腰椎退变性疾病的疗效显著.
【总页数】2页(P55-56)
【作者】宋建康
【作者单位】610000 四川成都双楠医院
【正文语种】中文
【相关文献】
1.微创经椎间孔减压腰椎融合内固定术与传统后路开放手术治疗腰椎退变性疾病的效果比较 [J], 邓桂;李宁;梁届东
2.微创经椎间孔减压腰椎融合内固定术与传统后路开放手术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的对比研究 [J], 李懿;詹友达;李洪兵;谢勇
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doi :10.3969/j.issn.1002-7386.2023.17.023·论著·神经根管扩大减压椎弓根螺钉内固定椎间融合术治疗腰椎退变性侧弯的效果王晓希　赵晓萌　刘桓江　王雪臣　李志强项目来源:河北省医学科学研究课题计划(编号:20191584)作者单位:063001　河北省唐山市人民医院骨二科通讯作者:李志强　E⁃mail:wangxiaoxi68@ 【摘要】　目的　观察腰椎退变性侧弯患者采用神经根管扩大减压椎弓根螺钉内固定椎间融合术治疗的疗效。

方法　选择2019年8月至2020年8月收治的腰椎退变性侧弯患者65例,随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组。

对照组33例行单纯扩大开窗潜式减压术治疗,试验组32例行神经根管扩大减压椎弓根螺钉内固定椎间融合术。

对比2组患者手术情况与临床疗效、并发症情况。

结果　试验组术后VAS 评分低于对照组(P <0.05);试验组术后Oswestry 评分低于对照组(P <0.05);试验组在影像学指标(后凸角以及伤椎前缘、中线、后缘高度)优于对照组(P <0.05)。

试验组并发症率显著低于对照组,试验组治疗后的症状改善评分显著高于对照组(P <0.05);试验组术后6个月、术后12个月椎间隙高度高于对照组(P <0.05)。

结论　神经根管扩大减压术可较好改善腰椎退变性侧弯患者的临床症状,缓解患者疼痛,改善患者侧弯状况,并发症少,远期效果更优。

【关键词】　神经根管扩大减压;椎弓根螺钉内固定;椎间融合术;腰椎退变性侧弯【中图分类号】　R 681.533 【文献标识码】　A 【文章编号】　1002-7386(2023)17-2658-04Clinical effect of expanded decompression of nerve root canal plus pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion on lumbar degenerative scoliosis WANG Xiaoxi ,ZHAO Xiaomeng ,LIU Huanjiang ,et al.Second Department of Orthopedics ,Tangshan People ’s Hospital ,Hebei ,Tangshan 063001,China【Abstract 】　Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of expanded decompression of nerve root canal plus pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion on lumbar degenerative scoliosis.Methods A total of 65patients with lumbar degenerative scoliosis admitted to our hospital from August 2019to August 2020were randomly divided into two groups.Thirty⁃three patients in the control group were treated with simple expanded window decompression ,and 32patients in the experimental group were treated with expanded nerve root canal decompression plus pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion.The operation condition ,clinical efficacy and complications were compared between groups.Results The postoperative scores of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS )and the Oswestry Disablity Index (ODI )in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P <0.05).Four image indexes were significantly better in the experimental group than those in the control group (P <0.05).The incidence of complications was significantly lower in the experimental group than that in the control group (P <0.05).The symptom improvement score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05).The intervertebral space height at 6and 12months postoperative was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in the control group (P <0.05).Conclusion Expanded decompression of nerve root canal can better improve the clinical symptoms of patients with lumbar degenerative scoliosis ,relieve the pain ,and alleviate the scoliosis with less complications and better long⁃term effect.【Key words 】　expanded decompression of nerve root canal ;pedicle screw internal fixation ;interbody fusion ;lumbar degenerative scoliosis 成人继发于腰椎间盘及双侧小关节不对称性退变的脊柱侧弯为腰椎退变性侧弯,随着椎间盘退变、小关节增生和黄韧带肥厚加重以及部分椎体的旋转、滑脱和侧方移位,出现椎管狭窄症状[1]。

扩大式单侧椎板切除行双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症疗效腰椎管狭窄症是一种常见的腰椎疾病，主要表现为椎管狭窄导致神经根受压，出现下肢疼痛、麻木、无力等症状，严重影响患者的生活质量。

传统的治疗方法包括药物治疗、物理治疗、康复训练等，但对于一些病情较为严重的患者来说，这些方法的疗效并不明显。

针对这些情况，扩大式单侧椎板切除行双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症逐渐成为了一种有效的治疗手段。

扩大式单侧椎板切除行双侧减压术是一种微创手术，通过切除腰椎椎板，扩大椎管的空间，以减轻压迫神经根的症状。

其优点在于手术创伤小、恢复快、术后并发症少等。

下面我们就来详细介绍一下这种手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。

扩大式单侧椎板切除行双侧减压手术的术前准备十分重要。

患者在接受手术前需要进行详细的检查，包括X线片、MRI、CT等影像学检查，以明确椎管狭窄的位置和程度。

还需要评估患者的手术适应性，包括是否有合并症、手术风险等。

只有经过全面的术前评估，才能确保手术的安全性和有效性。

手术操作过程中需要严格遵循操作规范。

手术需要在全麻下进行，通过X线引导找准手术切口位置，避免损伤椎间盘和神经根。

术中需要精细操作，确保切除椎板的同时不影响椎间盘和神经结构。

术中需要充分冲洗手术区域，避免感染等并发症的发生。

然后，术后的恢复和康复训练也是十分重要的。

术后患者需要适当的休息，避免剧烈运动，以免影响手术效果。

还需要配合康复训练，包括物理治疗、功能锻炼等，以加速术后患者的康复速度，减少并发症的发生。

我们来谈谈扩大式单侧椎板切除行双侧减压手术的疗效。

经过临床实践证明，这种手术能够显著改善患者的症状，减轻疼痛、麻木等不适感，提高患者的生活质量。

研究表明，术后患者的疼痛程度显著减轻，神经系统功能得到明显改善。

而且，由于手术创伤小，患者术后的恢复速度也较快，能够更快地回归正常生活。

扩大式单侧椎板切除行双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症具有明显的疗效，是一种安全、有效的治疗手段。

对于一些传统治疗方法疗效不佳的患者来说，可以考虑选择这种手术治疗方法。

改良经椎间孔椎体间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病（作者:___________单位: ___________邮编: ___________）【摘要】探讨改良经椎间孔椎体间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion，TLIF)用于腰椎退行性疾病的手术方法及疗效。

［方法］2003年10月～2005年5月，采用椎管扩大减压后行TLIF，对常规TLIF技术进行改良,治疗腰椎退行性疾病25例共29个节段，男17例，女8例；年龄24～65岁，平均54.6岁。

Ⅰ～Ⅱ度退行性腰椎滑脱症11例，腰椎间盘突出症伴节段不稳6例，腰椎管狭窄症8例。

改良方法首先切除一侧下关节突、上关节突内上侧部分及棘突与椎板的下1/2部分，将神经根松解、减压，再向对侧扩大减压范围，行对侧神经根减压，椎管减压满意后按照常规方法完成TLIF。

［结果］25例均获得随访，时间12个月～32个月，平均18.4个月，无椎弓根钉失败及Cage前、后侧移位。

1例术后6个月X线片示Cage 轻度下陷；1例术后出现下肢麻木感，2例下肢麻木加重，均为TLIF 侧，其中2例于3个月内症状消除，1例稍有改善；术后1年X线片示未愈合2例。

根据Denis疼痛分级、JOA评分法，术后平均改善率92%。

［结论］改良TLIF扩大了手术适应证，使操作更加简单、安全，并发症减少，选择性用于腰椎退行性疾病的短期疗效满意。

【关键词】腰椎退行性疾病脊柱融合术改良减压Abstract: ［Objective］To explore the clinical application and result of modified transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) for the treatmentof lumbar degenerative disease. ［Method］ From October 2003 to May 2005, 25 patients(29 levels) suffering from lumbar degenerative disease were treated with modified TLIF. The modification included expansile decompression of vertebral canal combination with TLIF and pedicle screw instrumentation. There were 17 males and 8 females with average age of 54.6 years, ranging from 24 to 65 years. The preoperative diagnosis included lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (11 cases, GradeⅠtoⅡ),lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion combined with segmental instability (6 cases ) and lumbar spinal stenosis ( 8 cases). Expansile decompression of vertebral canal was applied as follows：total inferior facet process and inner half superior facet process of the trouble side were resected firstly，the compression for the nerve root caused by degenerative articular process and lateral recess stenosis was relieved. Then half spinous process and lamina were resected while decompression of the vertebral canal was expanded to opposite side until thenever root was decompressed satisfactorily. Care must be taken to avoid over resecting which lead to isthmic breaking. In the end, TLIF was performed according to normal procedure after the decompression of vertebral canal being accomplished. ［Result］The lateral, AP, flexion-extension X-ray films were taken at 3, 6 months and 1 year after operation to evaluate the fusion, Simmons method and Denis pain measurement and JOA scoring were adopted to determine the results. The intraoperative blood loss ranged from 310 to 820ml (mean, 530ml), and total operative time ranged from 110 to 210min (mean, 165min). Blood transfusion was carried out in 6 patients (range, 400 to 800 ml). All patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months (mean, 18.4 months), no failure of pedicle screws and cage migration occurred .One cage subsidence and 2 nonunion were shown in plain X-ray films,3 patients complained of worsening numbness in legs in side which TLIF was performed. The rate of improvement was 92% in all patients according to above evaluation methods. ［Conclusion］The modified TLIF expands the indications for TLIF. Operative procedure can be performed more easily and safely with less complications. The clinical results are satisfactory in some selected patients suffering from lumbar degenerative disease according to the author’s experience.Key words：lumbar vertebrae； degenerative disease； spinal fusion； modified; decompression对部分腰椎退行性疾病选择性地采用椎体间融合术治疗，疗效已经得到肯定，但以往主要采用后路腰椎体间融合术（posterior lumbar interbody fusion, PLIF），手术创伤较大，硬膜囊和神经根牵拉导致术中及术后并发症更是影响其疗效的重要原因［1～3］。