2018年12月QMS基础试题

WORD 格式可编辑目录2017 年 12 月大学英语四级真题试题一( 完整版 ) ........................... (1)答案............................................ .............................................152017 年 12 月大学英语四级真题试题二( 完整版 ) ........................... (15)答案............................................ .............................................242017 年 12 月大学英语四级真题试题三( 完整版 ) ........................... (24)答案............................................ .............................................342017 年 12 月大学英语四级真题试题一( 完整版 )Part I Writing (25 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end ofeach news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report andbest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

2018年12月英语四级真题选词填空Part A: 选词填空【试题】Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26.______ occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27.______ with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28.______ like home heating and cooking, has remained29.______ over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30.______ it as an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little31.______,” he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income 32.______ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they33.______ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34.______ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related ailments. In many European countries, where diesel 35.______ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands.【解析】26. [F] damage解析：“Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious ______ occurring in the developing world”;由最高级限定“the most serious”可知此处为名词且内容应与前半句性质相同，联系句义选项[F]damage符合。

质量QMS试题一：单项选择：1. 顾客知足指的是a）没有顾客埋怨 b）要求顾客填适看法表c）顾客对本身的要求已被知足的程度的感触感染 d）a+b2. 2008版ISO9001标准名称中不消质量包管，意味着a）不要求质量包管b）与ISO9004标准的要求一致了c）其含义除了要求产品德量包管还要加强顾客知足 d）以上全不是3. 顾客的要求确实是a）书面定单 b）德律风要货c）任何方法提出的包含产品功能和交付的要求 d）a+b4. 体系地辨认和治理组织内所应用的过程，专门是这些过程之间的互相感化，称为a）治理的体系方法 b）过程方法c）基于事实的决定打算方法 d）体系论5. 术语“设计和开创”可包含的设计和开创a）产品 b）过程 c）体系d）a+b+c6．一次审核的停止是指a）末次会议停止 b）分发了经赞成的审核申报之时c）对不相符项改正方法进行验证后 d）监督检查之后7. 认证中的初次审核是指a）现场审核前的初访 b）预审核c）组织提出申请后的初次正式审核 d）以上全不是8. 下列哪种文件应在现场审核前通知受审核方a）审核筹划 b）检查表c）审核工作文件和表式 d）a+b+c9. “CCAA”是指下面哪一个机构的英文缩写a）国际审核员和培训认证协会 b）国际承认论坛c）中国认证承认协会 d）国际认证联盟10.“与审核准则有关的同时能够或许证实的记录、事实陈述或其他信息”，是指a）审核结论 b）审核发明 c）审核筹划 d）审核证据11. 质量手册不要求包含a）质量治理体系的范畴 b）形成文件的法度榜样或其引用c）产品技巧要求 d）质量治理体系过程之间的互相感化12. 餐厅的伙食员都有健康证是在知足a）顾客规定的要求b）顾客因此没有明示，但规定的用处或已知的预期用处所必须的要求c）与产品有关的司法律例要求d）组织确信的任何附加要求13. 为确保产品能够或许知足规定的应用要求或已知的预期用处要求应进行a）设计和开创评审 b）设计和开创验证c）设计和开创确认 d）设计和开创的策划14、依照GB/T19001-2008标准，下面哪些记录是要求储存的a）治理评审记录b）教诲、培训、技能和体会的恰当记录c）顾客家当产生损掉、破坏、发明不有用时申报顾客并记录d）a + b + c15. 餐厅对放置时刻较长变凉的菜进行加热，这是a）改正 b）改正方法 c）预防方法 d）连续改进16、国度法定计量单位的名称、符号由：颁布。

QMS现场审核过程的风险及应对 - 第四章远程审核过程的风险及应对02单选题共3题，共3分1远程审核时的首末次会议签到表，可以（）A.签到表寄给企业，签完后再寄给审核员；B.由于远程审核的特殊项，可以不开首末次会议；C.说明此会议必须召开，但不签到；D.首末次会议参加人员视频或截图等同签到表。

2认证机构对远程审核文件控制，不包括：（）A.确保生成、获取、收集、整理、传输、保存和处置B.成文信息完整、清晰、真实、可追溯;C.具有安全性和保密性，并予以保护，防止非预期的更改和使用;D.至少保存3年。

3远程审核成文信息的类型不包括：（）A.信息随实际变化的动态文件，如视频文件、音频文件B.信息不随实际变化的静态文件，如照片或截图等；电子文档，如 PDF、WORD、EXCEL文件等。

D.实物、样品等证据。

多选题共12题，共12分4在符合ISO 19011：2018中要求的基础上，当下列情况得到满足时，认证机构可实施远程审核：( )A.实施远程审核所需的信息是充分的；B.远程审核的范围（审核内容和边界）基本确定（产品认证除外）；C.远程审核的方式/方法以及可行性得到确认；D.双方实施远程审核活动的能力得到确认；答案：ABCD5远程审核的主要好处有：（）A.是节省资源；B.提高审核效率；C.审核员可以不到审核现场;D.受审核方更容易通过认证。

答案：AB6应对风险的措施包括：( )A.停止有风险的活动避免风险；B.承担远程审核风险以追求机会；C.改变远程审核风险发生的可能性D.改变运城审核风险的后果。

答案：ABC7远程审核的末次会议宜至少包括：( )A.说明远程审核抽样的方法和可能存在的风险；B.是否达到远程审核的目的，如未达到目的宜说明后续可能进行的活动（如补充现场审核等）；C.说明远程审核结论性意见以及远商定审核资源包括网络与设备、环境、人员（备用的向导和迎审人员）的应急方案;程审核不确定性的风险；D.后续可能发生的确认活动。

英语三级（A）考试试题2018年12月[真题]Part ⅠListening Comprehension Section A Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked [A]、[B]、[C] and [D] given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.第1题：A.Swim in a pool.B.Do exercise in a park.C.Walk around a lake.D.Read aloud by a river.参考答案：C 您的答案：答案解析：[听力原文]W: What do you usually do in the rooming? M: <u>We go to the nearby lake and walk around it.</u> Q: What does the man usually do in the morning? 细节题题干问这个男士在早上经常做什么。

2022年12月QMS质量管理体系基础知识真题及答案[单选题]1.建立和实施质量管理体系可以针对()A.组织活动的单一的领域或几个领域B.组织活动的仅能针对单一的领域C.组织活动的某个领域D.组织活动（江南博哥）的几个领域正确答案：A参考解析：暂无解析[单选题]4.为使不合格产品或服务满足预期用途而对其采取的措施称为()A.返工B.纠正措施C.纠正D.返修正确答案：D参考解析：19000标准3.12.9返修。

[单选题]5.GB/T19001标淮的全称是()A.《织织持续成功的管理》B.《质量管理体系要求》C.《管理体系审核指南》D.《质量管理体系基础和术语》正确答案：B参考解析：暂无解析[单选题]6.组织实施GB/T19001标准意味着能够()。

A.证实具有稳定提供满足顾客要求的产品和服务的能力B.在组织内使用标准的特定术语C.形成与标准条款结构相一致的文件D.统一不同质量符理体系的架构正确答案：A参考解析：19001引言0.1a。

[单选题]7.过程方法使组织能够对其体系的过程之间相互关联和相互依赖的关系进行有效控制，以提高组织()。

A.整体绩效B.产品适用性C.营收可控性D.环境适宜性正确答案：A参考解析：GB/T190010.3.1.种方法使组织能够对其体系的过程之间相互关联和相互依赖的关系进行有效控制.以提高组织整体绩效。

[单选题]8.关于PDCA循环说法错误的是()。

A.是质量管理的基本工作方法B.能应用于质量管理体系的所有过程C.能应用于改进过程D.仅应用于质量管理体系的策划和实施正确答案：D参考解析：GB19001标准引言0.3.2，PDCA循环能够应用于所有过程以及整个质量管理体系[单选题]9.GB/T19004与GB/T19001的关系是()A.19004是GB/T19001实施指南B.19004是GB/T19001补充要求C.19004为选择超出GB/T19001要求的组织提供指南D.19004是GB/T19001应用细则正确答案：C参考解析：19001标准引言0.4标准与GB/T19000和GB/T19004存在如下关系: GB/T19004《追求组织的持续成功质量管理方法》为选择超出本标准要求的组织提供指南。

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warning.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring. C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She take photos.D) She take notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A)It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To c elebrate the birth of a princess’s 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each on has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people’s leisure life.C) They provide residents with theD) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as doges.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents’ biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31,”he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.A)ability E)control I)exclusively M)sourcesB)associated F)damage J)innovated N)undermineC)consciously G)described K)regularly O)vehiclesD)constant H)equals L)relatesSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit ou t the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.[C]Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, j ust to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t ea t it.”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should t ry to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.[E]Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine mo vement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choice s,” Nadeau says.[F]In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not justgive away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Heal thy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine —that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesi ty, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.[H]“It’s a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to pre vent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.[I]Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can ch ange to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.[K]“As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in foodstores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted （抽取）. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage.One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level ofsalt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.B) People’s water bills may be lowered c onsiderably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man’s potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。

2018年12月大学英语三级（B级）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. V ocabulary &amp; Structure 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation-English into Chinese 5. WritingPart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Directions：This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 4 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to give proper answers to questions. There are 7 recorded questions in it. After each question, there is a pause. The questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you should decid听力原文：Q: How are things going in your company?1．A．Everything’s OK.B．I think so.C．It’s a good idea.D．I’ll do that.正确答案：A解析：本题考查询问事情进展情况与回答。

回答一般分为肯定和否定两种情况：肯定回答可以使用Good／Fine／Great／OK等；否定回答一般为Terrible／Bad等。

A)“一切顺利”，是一种肯定回答，因此确定为本题的答案。

B)“我认为如此”，表示同意某个观点；C)“这是一个好主意”，表示对某个主意的认可；D)“我会去做的”，表示同意去做某事。

第一套Part I. Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II. Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) (我把听力音频MP3文件放在压缩包里了，请自己去找吧哈哈)Section A News ReportDirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports。

At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。

Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。

Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the moon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warming.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section B ConversationDirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations。

2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第1套）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes towrite a short essay on thechallenges of living in a big city. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark thecorresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019.B) Design a new generation of mobile phones.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device.2. A) It is stable.B) It is durable.C) It is inexpensive.D) It is sophisticated.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It lasted more than six hours.B) No injuries were yet reported.C) Nobody was in the building when it broke out.D) It had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.4. A) Recruit and train more firefighters.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.C) Turn the shopping mall into an amusement park.D) Find money to renovate the local neighborhood. Questions 5 and 6 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Shrinking potato farming.B) Heavy reliance on import.C) Widespread plant disease.D) Insufficient potato supply.6. A) It intends to keep its traditional diet.B) It wants to expand its own farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.D) It is worried about unfair competition.7. A) Global warning.B) Ever-rising prices.C) Government regulation.D) Diminishing investment.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Informative. B) Inspiring. C) Dull. D) Shallow.9. A) She types on a keyboard.B) She does recording.C) She take photos.D) She take notes.10. A) It keeps her mind active.B) It makes her stay awake.C) It enables her to think hard.D) It helps her kill time.11. A)It enables her to improve her pronunciation.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.C) It turns out to be an enjoyable way of learning.D) It proves to be far more effective than writing. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To spend her honeymoon.B) To try authentic Indian food.C) To take photos of the Taj Mahal.D) To trace the origin of a love story.13.A) In memory of a princess.B) In honor of a great emperor.C) To mark the death of an emperor of the 1600s.D) To celebrate the birth of a princess's 14th child.14. A) It looks older than expected.B) It is built of wood and bricks.C) It stores lots of priceless antiques.D) It has walls decorated with jewels.15. A) Their streets are narrow.B) Each on has a unique character.C) They are mostly crowded.D) Life can be tedious in some places.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)They help spread the latest technology.B) They greatly enrich people's leisure life.C) They provide residents with theD) They allow free access to digital books and videos.17. A) By helping them find jobs.B) By keeping them off the streets.C) By inspiring their creativity.D) By providing a place of relaxation.18. A) Their interaction with teenagers proved fruitful.B) They used libraries less often than teenagers.C) They tended to visit libraries regularly.D) Their number increased modestly.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It is the cleverest cat in the world.B) It is an unusual cross breed.C) It is the largest cat in Africa.D) It is a large-sized wild cat.20. A) They are as loyal as doges.B) They are fond of sleeping in cabinets.C) They have unusually long tails.D) They know how to please their owners.21. A) They shake their front paws.B) They shower with them.C) They teach them to dive.D) They shout at them.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Contented and relieved.B) Anxious and depressed.C) Proud but a bit nervous.D) Excited but somewhat sad.23. A) It starts the moment they are born.B) It depends on their parents for success.C) It is gaining increasing public attention.D) It is becoming parents' biggest concern.24. A) Choose the right school for them.B) Help them to learn by themselves.C) Read books and magazines to them.D) Set a good example for them to follow.25. A) Their intelligence.B) Their home life.C) The quality of their school.D) The effort they put in learning.PartⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the globaleconomy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost incomealone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, whichincludes 28 like home heating and cooking, has remained over the past 29several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grownrapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 itas an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air webreathe, over which individuals have little ,”he said. 31The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in someplaces lost-labor income nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- 32and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerouslevels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited to the developing world. Thousands die 34prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries,where diesel(柴油) have become more common inrecent years, that number 35reaches tens of thousands.A)ability E)control I)exclusively M)sourcesN)undermine J)innovated F)damage B)associatedO)vehiclesC)consciously K)regularly G)describedL)relatesD)constantH)equalsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attachedto each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph morethan once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph's market inHuntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn aboutfood. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aislewith Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoidanything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying freshjuices in the morning?”he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a littlecheaper, and fruits are reallygood for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruitout the night before and have it ready the next morning.”[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director ofthe nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Healthalliance. The center's ‘Shop with Your Doc' program sendsdoctors to the grocery storeto meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers whohappen to be around with questions.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott'sshopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroniand real cheese.“SoI'd have to make it？”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long thatmight take, just to have her kids reject it. “I'm not sure they'd eat it. They just won'teat it.”[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetesrates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,”Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food isplant-based food. I think we shouldtry to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juicesfor the kids and to make realmacaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it's making progress asphysicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather thanrelying solely on medications (药物). By prescribingnutritional changes or launchingprograms such as‘Shop with your Doc', they are tryingto prevent, limit or evenreverse disease by changing what patients eat.“There's noquestion people can takethings a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, evenpreventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph HoagHealth, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switchto becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feelingechoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San FranciscoGeneral Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoingbasis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients severalbags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cookit. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr.Rita Nguyen, the hospital's medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We wantpeople to understand what they're eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in theirlives.”[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offeringspecialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formalspecialty in using food to treat disease. Research findingsincreasingly show the powerof food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always thesolution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes.Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear pictureemerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute tothe nation's high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the WorldHealth Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused byhigh blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruitsand vegetables.[H] “It's a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat disease,”says Dr. Brenda Rea,who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma LindaUniversity School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to traindoctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients' nutritionalhabits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard andkitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, butalso how to prepare them at home.[I] Many people don't know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heatthings up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content.So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says,can actually transform a patient's life. And beyond that, it might transform the healthand lives of that patient's family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Reasays. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerfulthings you can change toreverse the effects of long-term disease.”[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancercells. In general, manylifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly for peoplewith diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.“As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can[K]happen,” says Nguyen. “In the same way physicians used tosmoke, and then stoppedsmoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a biggervoice in it.”36. More than half of the food Americans eat isfactory-produced.37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in foodstores.38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover fromvarious illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teachespatients how to cook it.42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste oftime.43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headwaythese days.45. Americans' high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas evenhaving to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problemis growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has founddeep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previousdrilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumpingpractices, water deeper than this can now be extracted（抽取）. The team at Stanfordinvestigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and foundthat reserves maybe triple what was previously thought.It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, butonly recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. Theaquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumpingwill be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping outwater from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water ispumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weightof the earth above.Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper thandesalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastalstate. Some desalinationplants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs.Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that thesedeep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage. One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level ofsalt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergodesalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustivestudy of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. Newestimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.46.How could California's drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?A) By building more reserves of groundwater.B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.D) By upgrading its water distribution system.47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.B) It was not considered worth the expense.C) It may not provide quality freshwater.D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.49. What does the author say about deep wells?A) They run without any need for repairs.B) They are entirely free from pollutants.C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?A) People's health may improve with cleaner water.B) People's water bills may be lowered considerably.C) The cost may go up due to desalination.D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers havebecome.But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they behonest and fair?One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it isnot too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverlesscars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human driversdo. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars beprogrammed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put theirpassengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the onlyrisk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers? Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are willbe the bigger challenge.About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph, Microsoft's‘chatbot' took a bad turn.The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She wasdesigned to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people wereteaching Taylor racist ideas. When she startedsaying nice things about Hitler,Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages. AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time. Thisshould be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules andclear goals. It is something very different touse AI in the real world. Theunpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AIwill be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome.Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better humanbeings.”51. What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo's victory?A) Computers will prevail over human beings.B) Computers have unmatched potential.C) Computers are man's potential rivals.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?A) They are capable of predicting possible risks.B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.C) They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.D) They sacrifice everything to save human lives.53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?A) How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B) How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C) How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.D) How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.54. What do we learn about Microsoft's ‘chatbot' Taylor?A) She could not distinguish good from bad.B) She could turn herself off when necessary.C) She was not made to handle novel situations.D) She was good at performing routine tasks.55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A) It will be far superior to human beings.B) It will keep improving as time goes by.C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.PartⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fromChinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。