细节理解题的解题步骤和方法
一、
细节理解题.是高考英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型。根据分类，所有的阅读理解题型按照答案在文中出现的位置和形式不通，可以分为细节理解和主旨大意两大类，而前一类在整个题量当中大概会占到80%甚至以上的比例。
二、细节理解题的分类
细节理解题的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复，而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理或转化得出的。
1．同样，按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。
（1）集中型：就文章的单个细节提问，答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。
因为具体细节不同，出题形式千变万化，因题而异。如：
【2010江苏】57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably
【2010上海】70.. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that
（2）分散型：题目涉及到文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。请注意，分散型细节理解题并不意味着题目的正确答案出现在文章的不同位置，正确答案往往也是关于文章的某一个句子或细节。只是说文章的干扰选项是关于不同的细节，需要我们在定位的时候阅读某一个区域。分散型细节理解题常见的出题方式有：
Which of the following is not true?
We can learn/infer from the passage that…
Which of the following is NOT mentioned about …?
也有因题而异的，有些看似集中的其实也分散在文中，需要考生仔细定位。如：
【2010江苏】61. Some people are against killing wolves because .
原文所陈述的原因有很多段，而并不是单个的句子。
2. 就题目形式而言，细节理解题的表现形式是多种多样的，最常见的有：
（1）文章细节：针对文中细节直接提问
（2）指代判断：判断文中某个代词或特定词组的指代关系
（3）图表数据：对题目中的图标和数据进行简单的计算
（4）词义猜测：推测文中某个词或词组的含义
（5）顺序排列：选择文中细节出现的正确的时间顺序或逻辑顺序
（6）态度目的：作者在文中引入某个细节的目的，或对某个细节或细节人物的态度
三、细节理解解题方法
三大法宝：顺序原则、定位词、排除法
1. 把握解题的顺序原则。一般来说隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用采用步步为营法，看一题做一题。
【2010广东】
C
Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.
Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放) poisons that make people sick.
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include
certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.
51. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.
B. Food poisoning means death.
C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.
D. Food poisoning can be serious.
52. We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning .
A. are always accompanied by a fever
B. are too common to be noted
C. can be noticed within hours
D. can be ignored
53. Food poi soning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT .
A. some chemicals
B. low tempertures
C. some tiny living things
D. certain natural materials
54. From Paragraph 5, we can learn that
A. mushrooms should not be eaten
B. vegetables are safer than meat and seafood
C. natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals
D. different types of food should be handled differently
55. It can be inferred from the passage that
A. natural materials are safe in food processing
B. chemicals are needed in food processing
C. food poisoning can be kept under control
D. food poisoning is out of control
该篇文章除了最后一题是主旨大意题外，其他都是细节理解题，而且答案位置的先后顺序与题号顺序是基本一致的。
2. 通过定位词寻找出题点
定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。通过定位词解题，就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速的把题干中有标记意义的词或词组划记出来，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。
（1）什么词才算是定位词呢？
我们首先要关注的是表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词。如
【2010辽宁】64. According to California study, the low-scoring group might .
【2010全国卷II】51. Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in the Europe?
【2010辽宁】61. What does the writer dislike most about dinner parties in New York?
【2010全国I】61. How did Christy McKinley know Ms. Schatzman?s opinion of the chi tea?
【2010山东】57. https://www.doczj.com/doc/9614477939.html, was created for .
【2010湖南】62, We can know that before 1995 Mary .
【2010四川】46. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?
在上面的例子当中，表示地名的California, New York, Europe；表示人名的Christy McKinley, Ms. Schatzman，表示时间的1995 以及大写的特殊专有名词https://www.doczj.com/doc/9614477939.html,, Green Communities Standards 等都是定位词，在原文当中都有出现，能帮助我们迅速地找找到出题点。
可是我们不一定每次都运气好碰到专有名词等，在没有上面这些类词的时候我们需要留意一些表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的具象的名词。如：
【2010广东】48. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should .
【2010江苏】56. Which of the following do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?
【2010全国I】56. Where is the nearest parking place to Shakespeare?s Birthplace?
【2010全国I】66. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?
如果我们在题干中连一个实体名词都找不到的话应该怎么办呢？这时我们还可以关注题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等。但是因为动词、形容词、副词的同义表达太多，题干中这些词往往是原文中的同义表达或转化，需要引起我们的注意。这个我们在下文中还会专门提到。请看下面一个用形容词、副词作定位词的例子：
【2010上海】67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because
在原文中我们可以找到对应的句子：Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back.
在找定位词的时候，请同学们注意以下几点：
（1）文章中反复出现的专有名词是全文描述对象的中心，没有唯一出处，所以不能算是定位词。我们如果发现大部分题干中都有这个专有名词的，就应该排除它作为定位词的可能。如：【2010全国II】A篇（文章略）
41. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?
A. Look at them sadly.
B. Keep them company.
C. Play games with them.
D. Touch them gently.
42. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie__________.
A. world eat anything when hungry
B. felt sorry for her mistake
C. loved playing hide-and-seek
D. disliked the author?s dad
43.Why does the author say that Brownie was more than just a family pet?
A. She was treated as a member of the family.
B. She played games with anyone she liked.
C. She was loved by everybody she met.
D. She went everywhere with the family.
44. Some people got frightened by Brownie when she__________.
A. smiled
B. barked
C. rushed to them
D. tried to be funny
45.Which of the following best describes Brownie?
A. Shy
B. Polite
C. Brave
D. Caring
我们发现，这篇文章的每一个题目的题干中都有Brownie, 因此Brownie不是定位词。这也是在上面讲第一类首选定位词的时候给出例子里全国卷I的56、66两题不把hoatzins
Shakespeare?s Birthplace当做定位词的原因。他们虽然是特殊名词或专有名词，但是在文中反复出现，没有定位价值。
（2）大多数时候我们选择的定位词都是名词，因为名词的可替代性相对较低，容易找到唯一出处。但是我们所找的名词要尽量是实体名词，也就是能指代一件具体事物的名词。一般来说，下面两类名词都
不可取。
a. 抽象词。如opinion, idea, result, information, role, effect, trend, theory等等。
b. 言语词。如statement, argument, comment, response, reaction, enquiry, answer，reason等等。如：
【2010江苏】60. According to the passage, some people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCEPT that .
文章所叙述的地区正是North America , 因此在这个题干中North America 不能算是定位词。那么reason算不算呢，它是一个言语词，在文章当中通常也是不出现的，不能算是定位词。
（3）并不是所有的我们在题干中找到的定位词在原文中都会对应出现，有些情况下，原文中出现的只是题干定位词的转换形式。在这种情况下，划出定位词并在脑中留下印象也有利于我们在浏览文章是迅速发现文中定位词的对应形式，从而找到题目答案的位置。一般来说，定位词的转换有下面几种形式：
a. 同义改写。题干将原文中的词或词组换成另外的词或者词组，词性和结构不变，意义相近。如：
【2010全国II】A篇
When I was six, Dad brou ght home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”, My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her ,then there were baths, playing catch and many other games .Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around.
41. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?
A. Look at them sadly.
B. Keep them company.
C. Play games with them.
D. Touch them gently.
这里原文中的sick 被转换成了题干中的ill。
【2010广东】A篇
When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother?s Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.
41. Why was the author?s mother poorly served?
A. She was unable to speak good English.
B. She was often misunderstood.
C. She was not clearly heard.
D. She was not very polite.
我们发现原文中的treated unfairly 与题干中的poorly served 意义相近，因此在浏览文章的时候就能够注意到treated unfairly ，并在这个定位词附近寻找正确答案。
【2010江苏】D篇
But the key issue is really money．China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on
domestic railway expansion．
68．According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is ．
A．technical issues B．safety of the system
C．financial problems D．maintenance of railway tracks
这里文章中的名词词组key issue 转换成了题干中的greatest challenge, 意义相近.
【2010陕西】B篇
Tuesday?s Daily News said 29-year who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Saturday.
51. What did Duret do shortly after the ambulance came?
A. He was interviewed by a newspaper
B. He asked his girlfriend for his dry clothes
C. He went to the hospital in the ambulance
D. He disappeared from the spot quickly
这里文章中的quickly 转化成了题干中的shortly
b.转变词性与结构: 题干定位词并不一定与原文中相关词的词性和结构形式一致，而是做了一定的概括与总结。如将名词词组转化为意思相近的动词、形容词等等。
【2010江西】C
Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of life: “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some potential than others, are that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.
66. What made some people different from others according to Confucius?
A. Family
B. Potential
C. Knowledge
D. Community
我们发现文章中的set men apart 即有题干中的different 之意。这里将一个动词词组转化成为一个形容词。因此看题干的时候如果划出了定位词different（Confucius 在文中反复出现）就容易让我们定位到set men apart 这里来。
我们已经了解了怎样在阅读题干是找出其中的定位词，现在让我们用高考真题来演练一下定位词是如何帮助我们迅速解决细节理解题的。
【2010江苏】D篇
It?11 be a win-win project. For other countries，the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business，tourism and so on，not to mention the better communication among those countries.
For China，such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources，but would also help develop China?s far west．We foresee that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions，where the land is empty and resources unused．With high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11．And they?11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries．
67．China?s new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because ．
A．China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions
B．China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways
C．China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries
D．the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation，business and tourism
我们发现题干中的引号处的“win-win project”是一个特色比较鲜明的名词，对应到文章中马上找到原词。根据后面的for other countries 和for China 我们可以发现，中国的高速铁路计划应该是对外国和中国双方都是十分有利的。因此本题的正确选项应该为B选项。
【2010湖南】A篇
HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR
DO：
Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor．
Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor．
Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food．
If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you remember．But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，wait．Take the next dose at your regular time．
Don’t：
Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor．
Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor．
58. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should .
A. change the amount of your next dose B, eat more when taking your next dose
C. have a dose as soon as you remember
D. take the next dose at your regular time
这是一篇药品说明书，我们在58题的题干中发现了一个很典型的表示时间的定位词12 hours, 对应到文中我们知道如果漏服了一剂药超过十二个小时以后应该在下一次正常服药的时候服一次药即可。因此这里应该选择D选项。
【2010全国II】A篇
Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet, she went everywhere with us .People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of c ourse she?d let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when we?d be out walking and a small child would come over and pull pm her hair. she never barked(吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she lovely everyone.
44. Some people got frightened by Brownie when she__________.
A. smiled
B. barked
C. rushed to them
D. tried to be funny
这个题目的题干中我们只能找到动词frightened 有可能充当定位词。在文中我们浏览frightened 所在的前一句和后一句发现，Brownie是因为“微笑”的时候露出牙齿才吓到别人的，所以本题应该选择A选项。
请注意：离散型细节理解题的解题步骤和技巧基本上与集中型是一致的，但是离散型细节理解题在题干中除了告知特定的目标段落之外，往往找不到定位词。这就需要我们在题干找不到定位词时，迅速的浏览一下选项，在选项中找到定位词。例如：
【2010山东】C篇
Rae Armantrout, who has been a poetry professor at the University of California San Diego(UCSD) for two decades, has won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in the poetry category for her most recent book, “V ersed”.
“I?m delighted and amazed at how much media recognition that the Pulitzer brings, as compared to even the National Book Critics Award, which I was also surprised and delighted to win,” said Armantrout.
“For a long time, my writing has been just below the media radar, and to have this kind of attention, suddenly, with my 10th book, is really surprising.”
Arman trout, a native Californian, received her bachelor?s degree at UC Berkeley, where she studied with noted poet Denise Levertov, and her master?s in creative writing from San Francisco State University. She is a founding member of Language Poets, a group in American poetry that analyzes the way language is used and raises questions to make the reader think.
In March, she won the National Book Critics Circle Award for “Versed.”
“This book has gotten more attention,” Armantrout said, “but I don?t feel as if it?s better.”
The first half of “Versed” focuses on the dark forces taking hold of the United States as it fought the war against Iraq. The second half looks at the dark forces casting a shadow over her own life after Armantrout was diagnosed with cancer in 2006.
Armantrout was shocked to learn she had won the Pulitzer but many of her colleagues were not. “Rae Armantrout is a unique voice in American poetry,” said Seth Lerer, head of Arts and Humanities at UCSD.
“Versed”, published by the Wesleyan Universi ty Press, did appear in a larger printing than her earlier works, which is about 2,700 copies. The new edition is scheduled to appear in May.
66. According to Rae Armantrout, ____________.
A. her 10th book is much better
B. her winning the Pulitzer is unexpected
C. the media is surprised at her works
D. she likes being recognized by her readers
我们发现，这是一个离散型细节理解题，题干中没有明显的定位词（文章主人公是Rae Armantrout，全文贯穿她的话，所以Rae Armantrout不是定位词）。所以我们这个时候需要快速地浏览一下选项看看有没有我们需要的定位词。快速浏览之后，我们分别标记了10th，Pulitzer，surprised，recognized作为定位词。根据出题顺序原则，我们然后带着这些词语浏览文章的开头，很快就发现了这些定位词在文中出现的位置。
A选项属于过度推测，Rae Armantrout只是说她的第十部作品获奖让她感到十分意外，这并不意味着这部作品就更优秀。C选项说媒体惊叹于她的作品，而实际上原文说“…I was also surprised and delighted to win,”这说明是Rae Armantrout自己为她的获奖感到惊讶，所以C选项是断章取义地对文章作了错误的理解。D 选项recognized我们在原文中并没有找到，我们也不能推测出她喜欢受到读者的认同，因此D选项也是过度推测。
3.排除法
排除法是解答阅读理解题的另一个重要的方法。因为有的时候如果是给填空题让我们做，我们也许不能填出正确答案，但是如果给出四个选项让我们选的话，我们可以通过对比排除错误选项。那么怎样通过排除法做题呢？
（1）正确选项的特征
正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。
【2010江苏】68. According to the passage, the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .
A. technical issues
B. safety of the system
C. financial problems
D. maintenance of railway tracks
我们在原文中发现了定位词greatest challenge 的转化形式key issue。原文是这样的But the key issue is money. 我们知道遇到转折连词时我们重点要看的是转折连词的后半部分，本题的正确答案实际上是money 的转换形式。所以我们可以选择本题的正确答案C。
光了解了正确选项特点还不够，我们更需要知道错误选项为什么是错误的，这样才能够洞察出题者的出题意图，规避有意给我们设置的陷阱。那么干扰项究竟有哪些特点呢？
（2）错误选项的特征
a．张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。
【2010江苏】A篇
Other early surnames came·from people?s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter—a person who owned or drove
a cart; Potter—a person who made pots and pans.
57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.
A. owned or drove a cart
B. made things with metals
C. made kitchen tools or contains
D. built houses and furniture
B选项是指Smith 这个姓氏而不是Potter，根据定位词所指示的句子，我们发现Potter 是指生产壶和罐等厨房用具的职业，所以选择C选项。虽然这些器具都是金属的，但是以生产金属制品为特点更确切的是Smith。
b.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。
c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。【2010全国卷II】B篇
When you?re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses(压力) of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation-you have to finish something!
Here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic(评论家),Edie Jarolim “I always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things,” Jarolim said. Now you can read her travel advice everywhere in Arts and Antiques, in Brides, or in one of her there books, The
Complete Idiot?s Travel Guide to Mexican Beach Resorts.
Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago. After getting a PhD in English in Canada, she took a Test Frommer?s travel guides, passed it, and got the job. After working at Frommer?s, Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London, then Fodor?s, where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S. that she moved there.
Now as a travel writer, she spends one-third of her year on the road. The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson, Arizona.
As adventurous as the job sounds, the hard part is fact-checking all the information. Sure, it?s great to write about a tourist attraction, but you?d better get the local(当地的)museum hours correct or you could really ruin someone?s vacation.
48. What do we know about Jarolim from the text?
A．She is successful in her job
B．She finds her life full of stresses
C．She spends half of her time traveling
D．She is especially interested in museums
这是一个分散型细节理解题，干扰选项分布在文章各处。B选项针对首段中的stress 进行了断章取义的理解，其实首段只是作者的一个引入，跟主人公Jarolim无关；D选项则抓住最后一句的museum企图迷惑大家。Jarolim必须把当地博物馆的开放时间弄清楚，并不意味着她对博物馆特别有兴趣。至于B选项说她花了一半的时间旅行时原文中没有出现的信息，属于出题者的主观过度猜测。因此本题的正确选项应是A 选项。
d. 把已然说成未然（或把未然说成已然）：本来文中还没有发生的事在选项中变成了已经发生的事，或者反之。
f. 选项与原文事实相反：选项所叙述的内容与原文所提到的完全相反
【2010山东】D篇
D
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.
“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with energy density(密度)，”said Jae kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”
Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, recently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanical systems(M/NEWS).Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.
“People hear the word …nuclear? and think of something very dangerous,” he said. “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”
His new idea is not only in the battery?s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon?s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.
“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶格结构) of the solid semiconductor, ”Kwon said. “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”
Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. I n the future, they hope to increase the battery?s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human
hair.
74. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery .
A. uses a solid semiconductor
B. will soon replace the present ones
C. could be extremely thin
D. has passed the final test
这也是一个离散型细节理解题，需要我们在做题时先浏览一下选项对选项中的关键词有所印象，然后在回到原文中寻找对应部位。在本题里A选项说Kwon的电池用的是固态半导体，而根据定位词找到的倒数第三段最后一句显示他的电池用的是更为先进的液态半导体，所以A选项是与原文事实相反的；D选项说电池已经通过了最后的测试，而最后一段第二句谈到测试时说道Kwon正在努力制造和测试电池，所以D选项把未然变成了已然，应该排除。B选项是对原文的过度猜测，无法推测出这种原子电池能够迅速地替代现在的电池。因此本题的正确答案应该选C选项，在最后两句中我们了解到这种电池可能变得很轻薄。
四、细节题要用定位法,根据题干的问题,定位于有关句子、段落,排除错误项。主要有：
(1)是非判断题
本类题型通常用原文定位,把选项内容与原文内容进行分析对比,然后判断,作出解答。
(2)年代、数字题
对前者,根据文中信息能很容易地确定答案；对后者,首先要弄清题干问的是什么,然后找到与它相关的年代和数字,对它们进一步分析、整合,最后,结合题干计算出正确答案。
(3)排序题
排序题的考查形式是在选项中列出一些具体的事实,然后要求考生对所列举的事实进行排序。此类试题要求考生根据动作或事件发生的时间顺序以及句子之间的逻辑关系,排出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。对此,考生可以采用“首尾定位法”,先找出最早的和最后的一个时间、事件或动作,把它们作为事件发生的参照点,然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小,从而快速地选出正确答案。
(4)快速寻找信息题
快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,阅读材料一般为广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这种题时没有必要阅读全文,比较适宜采用“题干定位法”,即：先阅读题干,然后根据问题要求,有针对性地阅读相关部分。
(5)图形题
在有图形的试题的阅读理解中,有的图形出现在阅读理解文章中,有的出现在选项中。这些图形不仅增加了试题的直观性,而且也常常暗含着与文章内容相关的信息。考生在解答此类试题的时候,一定要把握住图形中所暗含的信息总结
五、总而言之，要做好占高考英语阅读理解大部分题量的细节题，我们需要用好顺序原则、定位词、排除法这三大法宝。在做题时，按照题号顺序在相应的区域寻找答案。先看题干，标出题干中的定位词，然后根据找到的定位词回到原文寻找定位词在文章中的出处。在遇到模棱两可，难以作出选择的答案是，不妨采用排除法。这就要求我们对正确选项的特点干扰项的特点都有一个较全面的了解。只要同学们用好了这三大法宝，在考试中集中注意力，仔细审题，我相信在解答细节理解题时一定会有游刃有余，得心应手的感觉。
。
大相径庭甚至完全相反；也有的是部分正确或部分错误。 二、解题方法 1. 跳读查找法 这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what, who, where, when, why, how 提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间，这是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。一般来说，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。 另外，运用跳读查找法解题时，同学们要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的中考题情况来看，很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，通常要进行一定的处理，而这种“处理”主要就是进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。 例：I had the meanest (最刻薄的) mother in the whole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast, I had to have porridge, eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I
had to eat a sandwich. But at least I wasn’t alone when I wa s sad. My sister and two brothers had the same mean mother as I did. 1. How many children does the writer’s mother have? A. Four. B. Two. C. Three. D. Six. 2. 排除法 排序题也属于事实细节题的一种题型，它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息词，如first, to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then, finally等。按照信息词的提示阅读，可以加快理解的进程。在做细节排序题时，首先要确定首或尾的答案，通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似，正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择，找到两者的不同之处，回到原文，进行核对，一旦确定，后面的排序就不用再比较了。 例：A topiary gardener should make a drawing
阅读专题-----细节题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题 主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题 两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就 能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类 题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若 干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类： 一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能 在原文中直接找到。 一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工 或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题 型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重 要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属 于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问 题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找 到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要 回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/9614477939.html, 阅读理解中的细节理解题题型与策略 作者：刘芳 来源：《都市家教·下半月》2013年第03期 【摘要】毋庸置疑，阅读理解是高中英语的重头戏，它主要考查我们学生对单词、句 子、短文的理解能力，这种能力既是高中英语的主要目标，也是提高英语能力保证其它题型正确性的基础。从某种意义上来说，阅读能力的高低是英语学习的关键也是高考英语成败的关键。掌握不同的解题策略，在高考冲刺阶段，一定能给学生的阅读能力起到事半功倍的效果。 【关键词】阅读理解；细节题；策略 不同的阅读题型有不同的解题技巧，笔者研究了2010-2012年安徽省高考英语试卷发现，阅读理解细节题在这三年高考卷阅读理解部分的比重分别是45%、40%、45%.不难发现，细节理解题在阅读理解占有举足轻重的地位，那么，下面就细节理解题，我谈下我个人的体会。 一、定义 文章出现某些现象或观点，题干针对文章的相关内容进行发问，考查学生对相关内容的理解、分析综合的能力。 二、题型探究与解题策略 题型探究一：Wh-题或不完整的陈述式 命题形式： （1）According to Jonathan， what do you need to have fun with kites？ （2）If a child is interested in the universe， he probably will visit . 典例1 （12 全国卷）：56. If a child is interested in the universe， he probably will visit . A. a Youtheater B. an art museum C. a natural history museum D. a hands-on science museum 分析：这句话的意思是：如果一个孩子对宇宙感兴趣，他可能会去哪里。题干的关键词是in the universe，我们带着关键词在文章里迅速浏览，找到相关的段落结果，我们会发现in the sky 是对in the universe的转化，所以答案选C。
1．题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等 抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (NOT) correct? Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true EXCEPT… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 2．解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： (1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 (2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 (3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 (4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易 把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： (1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 (2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 (3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 (4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 (5)文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提出的问题。 下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。 1．直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给
一.细节判断题问法形式 和做其他片段阅读题一样，我们还是需要通过问法来判断题型，所以需要大家先了解下细节判断题的问法形式，下面列出了常见的两种问法： 1.下列哪个选项(不)符合原文的意思? 2.对上述文段理解(不)正确的是哪个选项? 二.细节判断题题—常见设错类型 1、无中生有 这类错误主要会出现一种类型叫做无端产生比较。在选项中常常会出现比较类的词，把两类事物进行比较，而题干中并没有涉及。 2、过于绝对 这类错误大家可以关注选项中绝对化的词语，这些词语往往容易出错。 第一种是程度上过于绝对，如：只要……就，一定，必须，肯定，必然，绝对…… 第二种是数量上过于绝对，如：全部，都，所有…… 3、混淆时态 这种选项往往会将题干的意思进行曲解，在时态混淆。如在题干出现现在、将来、已经、将等字眼的话就需要大家着重关注。 4、偷换概念 选项常常会变换题干论述的对象进而导致错误，主要关注主语谓语。如把“增长率”偷换为“增长量”。 【例题】近几十年来，跨国企业不断进口各种零部件，以制成最终产品出售。通过参与全球价值链，各行业不断在服务与零部件的生产、贸易中加大专业化程度。如今，中间产品贸易已被认为是估量全球价值链活动的一个合理指标。这就要求不再以整个产品的价值来衡
量贸易，而必须以供应链上各个加工环节的增加值来计算贸易量。如果一个国家想要有效地融入全球价值链并使产业附加值不断升级，那么政府必须提供一个适当的政策环境。非关税的壁垒，在某种程度上阻碍贸易，导致重要配件和服务的进口成本上升，阻碍供应链的有效运行。 下列说法最符合文意的是: A.跨国企业已经不再从事整个产品的生产了 B.产品的价值已不再是衡量贸易的重要指标 C.政府要在产业升级中发挥更加积极的作用 D.关税壁垒严重阻碍全球价值链的有效运行 解题思路：本题为细节判断题。B项，“这就要求不在以整个产品的价值来衡量，而必须以......”由此可以得出B选项。A项“不再从事整个产品的生产”无中生有，无法推出。C项，题干表述为“产业附加值的不断升级”偷换概念，错误。D项，原文为非关税的壁垒，阻碍贸易。所以D项错误。本题选择B项。
百度作业帮版权所有 【黄金点拨】 细节理解题的类型： 1、直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。60题就是可以直接在文中找到有关信息。 2、间接信息题 做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。比如第61题就属于间接信息题，只需要根据题意推知中国属于Rest of World，故是￡70，答案为D。 3、数字计算题 数字计算题也是近几年常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 4、排列顺序题 这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。 5、图表图画题 在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。在解答此类试题的时候，一定要把握图表图画中所暗含的信息，特别是有些事实是通过图片来叙述的，我们可以采用按图寻找正确答案的方法。
细节理解题 (一)题干定位 (2015·全国Ⅰ，A) Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book.They end around 21：00. November 7th The Canal Pioneers，by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”． December 5th Ice for the Metropolis，by Malcolm Tucker.Well before the arrival of freezers，there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells，and how London's ice trade grew. February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals，by Liz Payne.The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer.We will have a report on the present state of play. March_6th Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands，by Miranda Vickers.The Thames has many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest. Online bookings：https://www.doczj.com/doc/9614477939.html,/book More info：https://www.doczj.com/doc/9614477939.html,/whatson London Canal Museum 12-13 New Wharf Road，London NI 9RT https://www.doczj.com/doc/9614477939.html, www.canalmuseum.mobi Tel：020 7713 0836 文章大意：本文是一则关于伦敦运河博物馆月度讲座安排的广告。
专项阅读理解考察的主要内容之一：考察事实和细节 此类题目大多是针对文章的细节设计的，是阅读中最简单最基础的题，每篇阅读的五个小题中一般是1-3个。此类题型的问题一般有以下两种提问方式（1）考察文章中的时间，地点，人物，情节和结局，主要以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。（2）文章中出现的语句的真确辨析，以下列问题常见Which of the following is right /not right Which of the following is mentioned /not mentioned From the passage, we know or learn that ….Give the right order of the sentences这类题的特点是：凡针对特定的细节的题目，其正确答案大多都可以在阅读材料中找到相对应的文字描述作为依据。可以是原文中的一个句子，也有可能是若干个句子，但有时是不同与原句的方式，句式或是同义句，同义词。 做好这类题目做好这类题的要领是： 1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。 2.按照要求，寻找答案来源。 3.找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。 4.多读课文，正确使用排除法。 务必做到下笔有据，不能根据自己读完后模棱两可的印象去做，必须回到原文中相关的地方反复查看，推敲，得到很确信的答案。另外要求考生在做这类题时，情绪要稳定，不急不躁，有条不紊的排除干扰项。试试下面两篇阅读，你是否能全对！ It was a warm March evening, and I’d just taken a seat on the bus .A middle-aged woman took a seat opposite me. She was crying, not speaking to anyone in particular, she told her story in tears. She had come to the city to visit her daughter. But a thief had stolen one of her bags on the way. In the bag there was half of the money she’d brought with her. After a few minutes, she stopped crying, and began to eat some bread with a sad look. An old man in old and almost broken clothes got on the bus .He sat in front of the woman. After a few minutes, the bus conductor collected tickets. When he came to the old man, the old man felt sorry. He explained that he had spent all his money this morning when he’d gotten on the wrong bus and now he was trying to go home . On hearing this, the bus conductor ordered the old man to get off the bus . The old man was almost in tears a he begged the bus conductor to let him take that bus so he could get home before dark. When the conductor raised his voice at the old man, the woman behind said ,“stop troubling him! Can’t you see he’s only trying to get home”
高一英语专题培优 ——阅读理解解题技巧 考纲解读： 阅读理解是英语考试中的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的搜集、加工能力。新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定："侧重提高阅读能力"。 英语考试大纲规定，考生应能：(1) 理解主旨和要义； (2) 理解文中具体信息； (3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义； (4) 做出简单判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结构； （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 命题探究： 一．选材特点： 广东省高考阅读理解解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1.文章一般为4篇，阅读量在2500个单词左右； 2.题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3.体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文、论述文等。 二．题目类型： 高考中的阅读理解一般分为四大类：细节题、猜词题、推断题以及主旨题 三．题目特点： 1.无论哪一类题都一定能在文中找到依据。 2.每篇文章的5个小题正确答案的关键信息按照短文出现的先后顺序依次 排列。如第2题的关键信息点在第二段中，那么第3题的关键信息点很 可能就会在第三段中，而在第一段的可能性就很小。主旨大意题和写作 目的题一般都安排在第5小题。 阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯 提高分数技巧： 1. 抓好限时训练 同学们可以通过限时训练有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。 2. 养成良好的阅读习惯 同学们在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想
如对您有帮助，请购买打赏，谢谢您！英语阅读理解---事实细节题的解题技巧 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。 细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 【题型特点】这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类：一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。 【命题形式】这类题主要是针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问的。如： 1.Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? 2. Which of the following statements is (not) correct? 3. In the passage, which of the following is mentioned / not mentioned? 4. All the following statements are not true except ______. 5. All the statements are true except______. 6. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 7. When/Where did the story happen? 了解这些题目的设计特点对正确解题有一定帮助。一般来说，设计这些题目时，编题者常常会换用不同的词、词组、短语、句型、或其它不同的表达方式来表达文段中某一相应的词、词组、短语、句型或表
初中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习（教师版） 初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。 （一）细节题 细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。 1．设题方式 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。 其主要提问方式是： 1）True or NOT true 是非判断类型 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT true? Which of the following is NOT considered as …? According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for ...? 2）特殊疑问词提问类型How many ...？What/who/when/where/how/why ...? 3）排序题类型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage ? 4）例证题类型The author gives the example in ...paragraph in order to ... 5）表唯一细节概念题类型：...the most / ~est ......the only ... 2．技巧点拨 做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。 是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。 例证题一定要注意以for example ..., such as ...等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有most （最高级）、the only（唯一）、all（所有）、none（全否）修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。 （1）题干定位法 细节题通常考查考生对于某些重要信息进行迅速、准确地寻找的能力。提问常常用特殊疑问词what,when,where,who,whose,how,why等引出。做这样的题，可以采用“题干定位法”，即先弄清楚题干问什么，然后直接到文中寻找相关信息。带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易
细节理解题的解题步骤和方法 一、教学引入 细节理解题.是高考英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型。根据我的分类，所有的阅读理解题型按照答案在文中出现的位置和形式不通，可以分为细节理解和主旨大意两大类，而前一类在整个题量当中大概会占到80%甚至以上的比例。 二、细节理解题的分类 细节理解题的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复，而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理或转化得出的。 1．同样，按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。 （1）集中型：就文章的单个细节提问，答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。 因为具体细节不同，出题形式千变万化，因题而异。如： 【2010江苏】57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably 【2010上海】70.. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that （2）分散型：题目涉及到文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。请注意，分散型细节理解题并不意味着题目的正确答案出现在文章的不同位置，正确答案往往也是关于文章的某一个句子或细节。只是说文章的干扰选项是关于不同的细节，需要我们在定位的时候阅读某一个区域。分散型细节理解题常见的出题方式有： Which of the following is not true? We can learn/infer from the passage that… Which of the follow ing is NOT mentioned about …? 也有因题而异的，有些看似集中的其实也分散在文中，需要考生仔细定位。如： 【2010江苏】61. Some people are against killing wolves because . 原文所陈述的原因有很多段，而并不是单个的句子。 2. 就题目形式而言，细节理解题的表现形式是多种多样的，最常见的有： （1）文章细节：针对文中细节直接提问 （2）指代判断：判断文中某个代词或特定词组的指代关系 （3）图表数据：对题目中的图标和数据进行简单的计算 （4）词义猜测：推测文中某个词或词组的含义 （5）顺序排列：选择文中细节出现的正确的时间顺序或逻辑顺序 （6）态度目的：作者在文中引入某个细节的目的，或对某个细节或细节人物的态度 三、细节理解解题方法 三大法宝：顺序原则、定位词、排除法 1. 把握解题的顺序原则。一般来说隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小寻找范围，大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用采用步步为营法，看一题做一题。 【2010广东】 C Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放) poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops. Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms. When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that
细节理解题的类型及其解题策略 摘要：细节理解题是高考阅读中常见的题型之一。本文依据2009年全国各省、市的高考英语阅读中的细节题作了一些分析，并对如何解题提出了自己的见解。关键词：高考；细节题；解题策略 作者简介：桂林，任教于江苏省海安县立发中学。 在高考英语阅读理解题中，细节理解题占了很大的比重，其类型也名目繁多。有事实型的细节题、概况型的细节题、推断型的细节题、是非型的细节题以及排序型的细节题。该题型不但考查了学生阅读的能力，也测试了学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。如何才能根据不同类型的细节做出正确的判断，是提高学生在整个阅读理解题上得分率的关键所在。现根据2009年部分高考试题中的细节理解题做以下分析，旨在提高学生如何正确解此类题型。 一、事实型细节题 事实型细节题通常指在文章中提到了与试题 相关的时间、地点、人物或事件。该类型题大部分都可以在文章中直接找到与答案相关的信息，或者是转换了说法的句子。在许多文章中细节常常是围绕着某个主题而展开的，因此抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键。如下面一道题： What is one of the problems that David is facing now? A. He is too young to get a credit card. B. He has no time to learn driving. C. He has very little spare time. D. He will soon lose his job. （2009 全国卷61题） 根据文章第二段的前两句But David’s biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot, he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgage, or get a credit cards.可以得知，David Jones最大的烦恼是不知道该怎样花自己挣来的那么多钱。由于年龄小，虽然他挣到很多钱，可是他不能开车，不能抵押贷款，也不能办理信用卡。根据文中的信息，该句正确的答案应为A。 解题策略：做此类题可以采用寻读法，先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读文章，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再根据相关的部分进行分析对比，排除与问题不照应的选项，正确答案必然会浮于眼前。 二、概括型细节题 概括型细节题有时不能仅仅局限于文章的某个段落，需要结合几个段落或全文的内容才能加以概括。如果把着眼点仅仅停留在某个段落上，势必会造成以偏盖全的现象。参看下面一道题： Why are researchers on parrots important according to the passage? A. The Trust shows great concern for the programmer. B. We need to know more about how to preserve parrots. C. Many people are interested in collecting parrots. D. Parrots’ intelligence may some day benefit people. （2009 湖北卷 57题） 根据文章的第二小节，这次经历告诉我们，我们对鹦鹉的行为和心理了解甚少；再根据第四小节的内容，该研究的意义在于，首先我们要知道这些鸟儿是如何在野外生存的，并要了解养鹦鹉的需求。由此判断我们必对它们有更多的了解。故正确答案应为B。
细节理解题的解题步骤和方法 一、 细节理解题.是高考英语阅读理解最重要的一类题型。根据分类，所有的阅读理解题型按照答案在文 中出现的位置和形式不通，可以分为细节理解和主旨大意两大类，而前一类在整个题量当中大概会占到80% 甚至以上的比例。 二、细节理解题的分类 细节理解题的答案往往不是文章中的细节在选项中的简单重复，而是根据文中的细节经过合理的推理 或转化得出的。 1．同样，按照答案在原文中出现的位置，细节理解题可以分为集中型细节理解题和分散型细节理解题。 （1）集中型：就文章的单个细节提问，答案在原文中出现的位置一般也位于单句话或几句话中。 因为具体细节不同，出题形式千变万化，因题而异。如： 【2010江苏】57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably 【2010上海】70.. As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that （2）分散型：题目涉及到文章某一段或几段，甚至贯穿全文的各个位置，需要考生寻找文章中的多个细节。请注意，分散型细节理解题并不意味着题目的正确答案出现在文章的不同位置，正确答案 往往也是关于文章的某一个句子或细节。只是说文章的干扰选项是关于不同的细节，需要我们在定位 的时候阅读某一个区域。分散型细节理解题常见的出题方式有： Which of the following is not true? We can learn/infer from the passage that… Which of the following is NOT mentioned about …? 也有因题而异的，有些看似集中的其实也分散在文中，需要考生仔细定位。如： 【2010江苏】61. Some people are against killing wolves because . 原文所陈述的原因有很多段，而并不是单个的句子。 2. 就题目形式而言，细节理解题的表现形式是多种多样的，最常见的有： （1）文章细节：针对文中细节直接提问 （2）指代判断：判断文中某个代词或特定词组的指代关系 （3）图表数据：对题目中的图标和数据进行简单的计算 （4）词义猜测：推测文中某个词或词组的含义 （5）顺序排列：选择文中细节出现的正确的时间顺序或逻辑顺序 （6）态度目的：作者在文中引入某个细节的目的，或对某个细节或细节人物的态度 三、细节理解解题方法 三大法宝：顺序原则、定位词、排除法 1. 把握解题的顺序原则。一般来说隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我们缩小 寻找范围，大大提高效率。我们做题时可以采用采用步步为营法，看一题做一题。 【2010广东】 C Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms. Certain microorganisms (微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放) poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being