2012年度职称英语“卫生类”新增文章全文翻译
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职称英语阅读理解译文---卫生类B级十七食用土豆能促进我们的免疫系统吃土豆有益于肠道健康,而且对整个免疫系统也有益,尤其是吃土豆色拉和凉吃。
在对动物模式的一个研究中,西班牙的调查者发现用未经加工的土豆淀粉喂养的猪不仅肠道更健康,而且降低了白血细胞的水平,如血液中的白细胞和淋巴细胞的数量。
白血细胞通常是由于身体受到考验而产生炎症和疾病时导致的。
西班牙研究者们所观察到的全身性下调白血球水平的作用意味着未经加工的土豆淀粉是具有全面的有益的作用的,也就是总的来说身体是更加健康的。
白血球数量降低了大约百分之十五。
淋巴细胞数量的降低显示炎症指标的下降,然而观察到的淋巴细胞浓度和淋巴细胞凋亡的减少却是惊人的。
在对此进行的最长的研究是用未经加工的土豆淀粉喂养猪十四个星期后来判定淀粉对肠道健康的影响。
“在实验中使用未经加工的土豆淀粉,就是为了摸拟富含耐久淀粉的饮食所起的作用。
”西班牙巴塞罗那自治大学的研究负责人Jose Francisco Perez这样说道。
人们不吃未经加了的土豆,但是却吃很多富含耐久淀粉的食物,比如说凉的熟土豆、豆荚、粮食、绿香蕉、面食、谷物等。
人们食用的淀粉大约有百分之十为耐久淀粉,也就是不能在小肠中消化,而是分流到大肠,在大肠中发酵的淀粉。
食用淀粉被认为可以降低大肠癌的得病几率,还有可能对过敏性肠综合症起作用。
十八老年糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼可以取代胰岛素治疗哥本哈根的《贝林时报》周一刊登了一则最新医疗研究结果称,大多数II型老年糖尿病患者只要每周坚持三次轻快的体育锻炼,每次30分钟,都可以不用注射胰岛素。
报道称,哥本哈根市中心医院Rigshopspitalet肌肉研究中心对糖尿病人进行测试,结果显示体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。
据说,这一结果和大多数老年糖尿病患者每天接受胰岛素治疗的疗效相同。
研究人员挑选了一组非糖尿病患者,一组II型糖尿病患者,都是60岁以上的男性。
这些被试者每周骑自行车锻炼六次,并持续了三个月。
Eat Healthy吃健康“清洁你的盘子!”和“清洁板俱乐部的成员!”只是在美国的每个孩子听到父母,祖父母或外祖父母。
通常情况下,它伴随着上诉:“试想想,在非洲的孤儿挨饿!”当然,我们应该感谢每一口食物。
不幸的是,在美国的许多人采取太多的叮咬。
而不是停留“清洁盘”,也许我们应该为明天保存一些食物。
据新闻报道,美国餐馆的部分原因归咎于日益增长的肚子。
一位服务员把一盘食物,在每个客户面前,用两到四倍由政府建议的数额,根据今日美国的故事。
美国人的传统与价值关联的数量和大多数餐馆尝试给他们。
他们喜欢有客户抱怨比太少而对过多的食物。
在宾夕法尼亚州立大学营养学教授芭芭拉·罗尔斯,告诉美国今天餐厅份量开始增长,在20世纪70年代,美国人的腰围开始扩大的同时。
健康专家们试图让许多餐馆为较小的部分。
显然,现在,一些客户要求这太。
餐饮业贸易杂志QSR品牌上个月公布的4000多名受访者中,有57%的人认为,餐厅服务,有过大的部分,23%没有意见,20%的受访者表示反对。
但仔细看看在调查表明,许多美国人谁买不起精美的餐饮还是比较喜欢大的部分。
70%的收入至少每年150,000元喜欢小部分,但只有45%的收入低于25000美元要小。
它不是工人阶级美国人不想吃的健康。
只不过,经过长时间的低薪工作,让他们的盘子少,似乎并不像一个很好的协议。
他们住的月光族,高兴地节省一点钱,为明年的圣诞礼物。
Prolonging Human Life延长人类生命人类生命的延长使人口增加了。
许多现在还活着的人,如果早出生100年的话,可能在幼年就得病死了。
因为活得长的人越多,在任何一个特定的时间里的人也就越多。
实际上导致人口爆炸的是死亡率的降低而不是出生率的增长。
延长人的生命同时也使要抚养的人数增长了。
在所有的社会里,残疾的、太小或太老的以至不能工作的人,要靠社会中其他人的救助。
在以狩猎和采集为生的时代,不能跟上其他人的老人会被甩在后面,任他死去。
阅读理解第一篇Who Want to Live Forever? (谁想永生?)If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ,would you take it?如果你的医生能给你一种药,这个药能让你健康的活两倍长的时间,你会服用吗?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date,Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ,worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams,spending time with our loved ones,watching our families grow and have families of their own.好消息是我们离这一天越来越近了。
科学家已经在实验中延长了苍蝇、蠕虫和老鼠的寿命。
许多人认为,采用基因疗法,我们很快就能将人类的寿命延长到至少140年。
这看似一个好主意。
想想我们将会延长多少时间来追逐我们的梦想、与爱人厮守、看看我们的孩子成长并组成他们自己的家庭。
"Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."加州大学公共健康学院的格里戈里嘶托克博士认为:“长寿能使我们有机会改正错误,亦能促使人从长计划。
2012年职称英语卫生类新增阅读理解第八篇 Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often,it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently,some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large;23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that,after long hours at low-paying jobs,getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ,happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.词汇:orphan /''?:f?n] / n.孤儿belly /'beli/ n.肚子nutrition / nju:'tri??n / n.营养waistline / 'weistlain / n.腰围paycheck / 'pei't?ek / n.薪金支票注释:1. Be a member of the clean - plate club! 做清盘俱乐部的成员2. Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! 只要想想在非洲挨饿的孤儿们!3. take too many bites 吃得太多4. A Waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer,with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. 根据《今日美国》刊登的一个故事,服务员给每个顾客一盘饭菜,其量是政府推荐的2至4倍。
2012年职称英语综合类新增文章2012年职称英语理工、综合和卫生教材(电子版已经发布,欢迎下载)阅读判断(2篇)第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England*第十一篇Computer Mouse概括大意与完成句子(2篇)第六篇How We Form First lmpression第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language阅读理解(15篇)第一篇Telling Tales about People第八篇The Changing Middle Class第十篇 A Letter from Alan第十一篇The Development of Ballet第十六篇The Sahara*第十九篇The Family*第二十篇Tales of the Terrible Past*第二十六篇Seeing the World Centuries Ago*第三十篇“Lucky” Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead*第三十三篇Oseola McCarty+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape补全短文(2篇)第九篇Heat Is Killer*第十一篇Virtual Driver完形填空(15篇)第一篇 A Life with Birds第二篇 A Lucky Break第三篇Global Warming第四篇 A Success Story第五篇Traffic in Our Cities第六篇Teaching and learning*第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer*第八篇Look on The Bright Side*第九篇The First Bicycle*第十篇Working Mothers+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin译文见最后注:1、+表示A级文章;*表示B即文章;其他为C级文章;2、阅读判断,请参见第4页;概括大意与完成句子,请参见第8页;阅读理解,请参见第13页;补全短文,请参见第43页3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。
卫生A级重点文章Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others咸度味感因人而异(卫生A)Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. 宾州州立大学农学院食品科学家进行的一项研究表明,有些人很难喜欢含盐量低的食物。
The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat. 该研究指出,基因因素导致我们对咸度的不同喜好。
Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study. 该研究负责人、食品科学副教授约翰·海斯指出,这些结论非常重要,因为近期对减少食物含盐量的大力宣传使得许多人挣扎着接受合适其他人而不合适自己口味的食物。
Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. 含盐最高的饮食会增加高血压和中风的风险。
第十二篇梦之闲话人人都会做梦,也确实毎个人睡觉都做梦。
那些声称睡觉从来不做梦的人;其实都有做梦,而且做梦的频次与其他人一样,只是他们从来记不住己做的梦而已。
即使是那些能清楚地意到自己夜尨一夜都在做梦的人也很少能够把那些梦的细节都描述得淋漓尽致,能记住的也只是一些看起来奄无关联的印象与场景组成的一团混沌。
梦境不仅仅是视觉的,我们做梦的时候会牵动我们的各种感官,所以我们在梦里似乎能听到声音,能触摸到,还能嗅到气味,甚至尝到味道。
埃及的《梦幻书语》是目前肚界上所发现的最早的关于梦的文本记载。
这本书有大概5000年的历史,我们可以发现在那个年代,人们就已经相信梦特有的重要性。
在很多古老的文明中,人们都坚信不能惊醒睡梦中的人,因为在睡梦中,人的灵魂都会离开身体,如果被惊醒,灵魂也许就不能及时回到身体里。
从古到今,人们一直试图解析梦境以及其重要性。
目前市面上就有很多关于解梦的书,遗憾的是,对于同一个梦,有多少本书就会有多少种解释。
第十四篇健康概貌健康概貌是对所有影响健康的因索的一个概述。
要描述健康概貌,你要知进有过怎样的家庭病史,在T.作时你可能面临什么不利健康的因索,你每日的饮食和推荐的标准相比之下如何,一个星期当中冇多少时间锻炼,苻什么样的锻炼活动,你的工作和家庭环境给你造成的压力有多大, 你经常彳!Mt么样的病,有何不良嗜好。
为把这一切描述淸楚,你应该进行一次体检,以确定你的血液、心脏、肺功能是否正常。
把这个检测作为一个站点,将以后的检验结果和它做比较。
一旦有了这样一个完整的描述,你可以开始考虑根据这个健康概貌确立优先要做的事情。
比如,如果你每天喝两杯马提尼洒,T.作压力很大,过庶肥胖,每天抽一包烟,周末偶尔食用大麻, 你首先应该停止抽烟,然后减去多余的体重,减轻工作的ffi力,戒掉吸食大麻的习惯,最后如果你想首先预防癌症,其次预防心脏病的话,那么就该想想马提尼酒该不该喝。
即使对于那些从没得过病的年轻上班族来说,他们身体很好,但认攻.矜矜自己工作和家庭生活巾的全部健康习惯, 做出一些调整会使其在未来受益。
2012年卫生类教材新增文章今年卫生类的新增文章还是集中在阅读理解和完形填空两部分,共增加新增文章10篇。
其中阅读理解的文章总共增加5篇,A级新增两篇,B级新增两篇,C级新增一篇;完形填空部分也是一共增加5篇,其中A级增加3篇,B级增加1篇,C级增加1篇。
1、卫生类新增文章难度变化分析1)阅读理解。
去年的卫生类的新增文章的题目是比较难的,今年整体难度并没有增加。
今年的C级的文章在难度上都没有太大的变化。
A级和B级新增文章难度要大一些,难度主要体现在:第一点阅读理解的文章比较长,段落比较少的文章其段落很长。
句子也是以长句子为主;第二点题面句子都比较长;第三点是阅读理解题目中,推断类和态度类的题目比较多,难度要大一些。
2)完形填空。
完形填空的难度变化不是很大。
其中A级的完形填空题目中的“Health Profil e健康概貌”这篇文章的难度是C级难度。
文章段落和题目都相对比较简单一些。
所以整体而言,完形填空新增文章的题目难度有所降低,但是备考的范围增加了,因为A级要准备3篇文章。
3、卫生类文章替换规律变化1)2012年的阅读理解和完形填空的新增文章总数都是5篇,这5篇的分布情况阅读理解是1(C)+2(B)+2(A),完型是1(C)+1(B)+3(A)的分配规律。
C级的这两种题型新增的均是1篇。
2)与去年(2011年新增文章)相比,新增文章替换数量的变化:阅读理解发生的变化是:去年A级和C 级各新增1篇,B级新增两篇,比其他各个级别多新增一篇;今年整体数量上增加1篇,这一篇是A级新增,也就是今年A级比去年的新增数量多了一篇。
完型填空发生的变化是:去年完形填空A级新增1篇,B级新增2篇,C级新增1篇;今年不仅是整体数量上增加了一篇,在分布上也发生了改变,今年的A级新增了3篇文章,比去年新增文章多出了两篇,而B级的新增情况是减少了一篇,今年只是新增了一篇。
整体的分析而言,不管是阅读理解和完形填空,C级文章在新增文章数量上都没有发生改变,而B级完形填空的新增文章数量均发生了变化,A级的阅读理解和完型填空在新增文章数量上都发生了变化。
2012年职称英语卫生类新增阅读理解第八篇 Eat Healthy"Clean your plate!" and "Be a member of the clean-plate -club!" Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often,it's accompanied by an appeal:" Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!" Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying "clean the plate", perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently,some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large;23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who can't afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller.It's not that working class Americans don't want to eat healthy. It's just that,after long hours at low-paying jobs,getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck ,happy to save a little money for next year's Christmas presents.第八篇翻译吃健康“清洁你的盘子!”和“清洁板俱乐部的成员!”只是在美国的每个孩子听到父母,祖父母或外祖父母。
通常情况下,它伴随着上诉:“试想想,在非洲的孤儿挨饿!”当然,我们应该感谢每一口食物。
不幸的是,在美国的许多人采取太多的叮咬。
而不是停留“清洁盘”,也许我们应该为明天保存一些食物。
据新闻报道,美国餐馆的部分原因归咎于日益增长的肚子。
一位服务员把一盘食物,在每个客户面前,用两到四倍由政府建议的数额,根据今日美国的故事。
美国人的传统与价值关联的数量和大多数餐馆尝试给他们。
他们喜欢有客户抱怨比太少而对过多的食物。
在宾夕法尼亚州立大学营养学教授芭芭拉·罗尔斯,告诉美国今天餐厅份量开始增长,在20世纪70年代,美国人的腰围开始扩大的同时。
健康专家们试图让许多餐馆为较小的部分。
显然,现在,一些客户要求这太。
餐饮业贸易杂志QSR品牌上个月公布的4000多名受访者中,有57%的人认为,餐厅服务,有过大的部分,23%没有意见,20%的受访者表示反对。
但仔细看看在调查表明,许多美国人谁买不起精美的餐饮还是比较喜欢大的部分。
70%的收入至少每年150,000元喜欢小部分,但只有45%的收入低于25000美元要小。
它不是工人阶级美国人不想吃的健康。
只不过,经过长时间的低薪工作,让他们的盘子少,似乎并不像一个很好的协议。
他们住的月光族,高兴地节省一点钱,为明年的圣诞礼物。
第十九篇 Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often "go on welfare" if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofitgroups. While a few of these institutions arc good, most of them are simply "dumping grounds" for the dying in which "care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under-skilled personnel.第十九篇翻译延长人类寿命延长人类寿命增加的人口规模。