innovation management exam

管理学英语词汇（1）目标mission/objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product管理学必备英语词汇服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory（2）经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system管理学必备英语词汇表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure(3)领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat 个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics(5)追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6)激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward(7)特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadership汉语新难词英译保险业the insurance industry保证重点指出ensure funding for priority areas补发拖欠的养老金clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款non-performing loan层层转包和违法分包multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障a minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers出口信贷export credit贷款质量loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法the five-category assets classification for bank loans防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程flood-prevention project非法外汇交易illegal foreign exchange transaction非贸易收汇foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税transform administrative fees into taxes跟踪审计follow-up auditing工程监理制度the monitoring system for projects国有资产安全the safety of state-owned assets过度开垦excess reclamation合同管理制度the contract system for governing projects积极的财政政策pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活费basic allowance解除劳动关系sever labor relation金融监管责任制the responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全economic security靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to increase the deficit to spend more on development扩大国内需求the expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth粮食仓库grain depot粮食收购企业grain collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场grain sales market劣质工程shoddy engineering乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising,quotas and fines骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currencyunder false pretenses,not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage融资渠道financing channels商业信贷原则the principles for commercial credit社会保险机构social security institution失业保险金unemployment insurance benefits偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税tax evasion,tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes外汇收支foreign exchange revenue and spending安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information-based; informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power;Knowledge-intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises 下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel 三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and-order situation民族国家nation state“**”"independence of Taiwan"台湾当局T aiwan authorities台湾同胞T aiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

内蒙古学位英语考试真题及答案2024全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Inner Mongolia Degree English Exam 2024 - Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The Inner Mongolia Degree English Exam is an important standardized test for students in Inner Mongolia to showcase their English proficiency. In this article, we will provide the 2024 English exam questions and answers for students to practice and improve their skills.2024 Inner Mongolia Degree English Exam Questions:1. Reading Comprehension:Read the following passage and answer the questions provided.Passage:The Great Wall of China is one of the most iconic landmarks in the world. Spanning over 13,000 miles, it was built over severaldynasties to protect China from invasions. The wall is made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials.Questions:1. What is the Great Wall of China made of?a) Stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials.b) Concrete and steel.c) Glass and plastic.d) Iron and aluminum.2. Why was the Great Wall of China built?a) To protect China from invasions.b) To create a tourist attraction.c) To showcase Chinese culture.d) To divide China from other countries.Answer:1. a) Stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials.2. a) To protect China from invasions.2. Writing:Write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Learning a Second Language" in at least 200 words.Answer:Learning a second language is essential in today's globalized world. It not only enhances communication skills but also opens up new opportunities for personal and professional growth. By speaking a second language, individuals can connect with people from different cultures, expand their horizons, and gain a deeper understanding of the world. Overall, learning a second language is a valuable skill that can enrich one's life in numerous ways.3. Listening Comprehension:Listen to the audio clip and answer the following questions.Audio Clip: [Play the audio clip]Questions:1. What is the speaker talking about?a) The importance of time management.b) The benefits of exercise.c) The history of Inner Mongolia.d) The significance of learning English.2. What is the main idea of the audio clip?a) To encourage people to start a new hobby.b) To emphasize the importance of healthy habits.c) To promote tourism in Inner Mongolia.d) To discuss the challenges of learning a new language.Answer:1. a) The importance of time management.2. b) The benefits of exercise.Conclusion:The Inner Mongolia Degree English Exam is a comprehensive test that assesses students' reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. By practicing with the 2024 exam questions and answers provided in this article, students can enhance their English proficiency and prepare effectively for the exam. Good luck to all the students taking the exam!篇2Inner Mongolia College English Examination 2024Part I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A) In the library. B) At a bookstore. C) At an airport. D) In a café.2. A) They can share the cost. B) They will stay at a hotel. C) They will find a cheap place. D) They won’t be traveling together.3. A) Going shopping. B) Finding accommodation. C) Getting some rest. D) Enjoying the view.4. A) The man can talk to his boss. B) The woman wants to help. C) The man can use her car. D) The woman will drive the man.5. A) At 8:00 am. B) At 8:30 am. C) At 8:15 am. D) At 8:45 am.6. A) It’s easy. B) It’s challenging. C) It’s time-consuming.D) It’s exciting.7. A) He has cough. B) He has a sore throat. C) He has a headache. D) He has a fever.8. A) Going to a wedding. B) Going to the countryside. C) Going to a village. D) Going to the airport.9. A) To buy a new pair of shoes. B) To have a meal together.C) To wash the dishes. D) To cook some food.10. A) He doesn’t have any change. B) He can’t find his keys. C) He doesn’t like chocolate. D) He wants a bigger cake.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear an extended conversation. The conversation will be read only once. At the end of the conversation, you will have 60 seconds to answer six questions on the question paper. Now, listen to the conversation.Questions 11 to 16 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. What is the woman’s major?12. When will the woman have her professional training?13. How long will the woman’s training last?14. What does the woman plan to do next year in summer?15. Why is the man surprised about the woman’s decision?16. What will the woman do in the future according to the conversation?Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 17 - 20 to be based on the passage you have just heard.17. How did the man stop smoking cigarettes?18. For how many years has the man been smoke-free?19. How much did the man spend on cigarettes?20. What advice does the man give to those who want to quit smoking?Passage TwoQuestions 21 - 24 to be based on the passage you have just heard.21. What illness does the passage discuss?22. When is cancer unlikely to develop?23. What is the best prevention for lung cancer?24. What percentage of the patients survive beyond five years?Passage ThreeQuestions 25 - 28 to be based on the passage you have just heard.25. What did the company specialize in?26. How many employees does the company have now?27. What is the most important factor to the company’s success?28. What is the company planning to do in the future?Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneIt is easy to make mistakes when learning a new language. Here are some common mistakes made by students new to English:29. The reason English has silent consonants is…A. that it is a difficult language.B. that they developed over time.C. that they cause confusion.D. that they are awkward.30. The most likely explanation for why English has irregular verbs is that…A. they change pronunciation over time.B. they were influenced by other languages.C. English speakers liked complexity.D. English grammar is inconsistent.31. Why are prepositions sometimes confusing?A. They are difficult to learn.B. They change the meaning of sentences.C. Their usage varies in different languages.D. They are used more frequently than other grammar elements.Passage TwoTourism has become one of the world’s largest industries. But rapid tourism growth can have negative impacts on the environment and local communities. Some consequences of uncontrolled tourism include:32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential negative impact of tourism?A. Increased job opportunities.B. Environmental pollution.C. Cultural erosion.D. Overcrowding.33. What makes sustainable tourism different from regular tourism?A. It focuses on preserving ecosystems and cultures.B. It targets wealthy tourists.C. It is more expensive.D. It involves shorter travel distances.34. What can local governments do to regulate tourism?A. Provide more accommodation.B. Limit the number of tourists.C. Promote only luxury tourism.D. Build more touristic sites.35. What role do tourists play in sustainable tourism?A. They are responsible for harmful effects.B. They should be educated about sustainability.C. They must attend cultural events.D. They are not considered important.Passage ThreeThroughout history, people have admired and benefitted from trees. Today, trees are understood to have environmental, financial, and social value. Below are some pros and cons of tree planting:36. How do trees contribute to the natural environment?A. They improve soil quality and water retention.B. They destroy ecosystems.C. They prevent urbanization.D. They reduce carbon emissions.37. What is a potential disadvantage of tree planting?A. Trees take up too much space.B. They attract dangerous wildlife.C. They require a lot of maintenance.D. They can cause water scarcity.38. The financial benefit of trees includes…A. their ability to raise property values.B. cheap construction materials.C. expensive landscaping.D. negative effects on real estate.39. What is a common social benefit of urban trees?A. Neighborhood disputes.B. They draw tourists.C. Improved health and well-being.D. High crime rates.Passage FourSpace exploration has been an ongoing interest for countries worldwide. Some argue that funding space programs is a waste of money, while others believe that the benefits of space research outweigh the costs. Opposing viewpoints include:40. What is the primary motivation for countries to engage in space exploration?A. To discover new planets.B. To develop technology and scientific innovation.C. To protect Earth from asteroids.D. To gain military advantage.41. According to critics, why is space travel a waste of money?A. It doesn’t provide tangible benefits.B. It is risky and dangerous.C. It doesn’t solve Earthly problems.D. It is too expensive.42. What defense do supporters offer for the costs of space exploration?A. The economic boost.B. The glamour of space travel.C. The potential for new discoveries.D. The pursuit of world peace.43. How do space programs contribute to technological advancements?A. They encourage cooperation between countries.B. They produce groundbreaking scientific discoveries.C. They lead to the development of new products and services.D. They allow for military experiments.Section BDirections: In this section, you will read a passage followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.PassageSmartphones have become an essential part of daily life. But excessive smartphone usage can lead to negative consequences, such as addiction and mental health issues. Here are some tips to help you reduce screen time:44. How have smartphones changed daily life?A. They have allowed for constant communication.B. They are used for work and entertainment.C. They have replaced other electronic devices.D. They are important for information access.45. What is a potential negative consequence of smartphone addiction?A. Decreased productivity.B. Improved social skills.C. Increased focus on tasks.D. Safe driving habits.46. How does excessive smartphone usage contribute to mental health issues?A. It reduces stress and anxiety.B. It promotes mindfulness and relaxation.C. It causes sleep disturbances and depression.D. It enhances memory and cognitive function.47. How does screen time impact physical health?A. It increases physical activity.B. It leads to better eating habits.C. It causes eye strain and posture problems.D. It improves fitness levels.Part III Vocabulary and Grammar (30 points)Section ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Mark it on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.48. I’m tired. I ___ fo r a long time.A. studyB. have studiedC. am studyingD. will study49. “Where ___ your keys?” “I think they ___ on the table.”A. are; areB. is; isC. are; are beingD. is; are having50. If you ___ the last train, you’ll have to take a taxi home.A. missC. missedD. would have missed51. Peter wishes he ___ more time to study for the exam.A. hasB. hadC. haveD. will have52. I ___ to see the new movie tonight, but I have to finish my assignment.A. wantB. am wantingC. wantedD. will want53. The school ___ new computers next month.A. is buyingB. buysD. would buy54. She said she ___ to the party, but she changed her mind.A. goesB. wentC. will goD. has gone55. Have you ever ___ your keys in the car before?A. leaveB. leavesC. leftD. leavingSection BDirections: In this section, there are five incomplete sentences. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Mark it on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.56. I would rather you ___ it with me.A. not doB. not to doC. didn’t doD. don’t do57. I wish I ___ listened to her warning.A. hasB. haveC. hadD. is58. We insisted ___ to the concert last night.A. goB. goneC. goingD. to go59. He regretted ___ such a rude comment.A. makeB. to makeC. makingD. made60. I’d rather not ___ this book. It’s boring.A. readB. have readC. to readD. readingPart IV Translation (15 points)Directions: There are five sentences in this section. Translate each sentence into Chinese and write your answer on the Answer Sheet.61. She is working on her thesis in the library.62. The manager is going to have a meeting with the employees next Monday.63. I wish I had studied harder for the exam.64. My classmates insisted on going to the movies last night.65. The teacher recommended that the students practice English every day.Part V Writing (15 points)Directions: Write an essay in about 150-200 words on the following topic.Describe a cultural event you have attended recently and explain what you enjoyed about it.Answer SheetPart I Listening Comprehension1. A2. C3. D4. B5. C6. A7. A8. B9. C10. B11. Business.12. In summer.13. Three weeks.14. She plans to study in China.15. He didn’t expect her to go abroad.16. She will apply for a scholarship.17. By using nicotine gum.18. Six years.19. About $5500.20. To seek support from others.21. Lung cancer.22. When it is caught early.23. Early detection and treatment.24. Around 20%.25. Software development.26. Eight.27. Employee satisfaction.28. Expand internationally. Passage One29. D30. B31. CPassage Two32. A33. A34. B35. BPassage Three36. A37. C38. A39. CPassage Four41. C42. C43. CPart II Reading Comprehension Section APassage One29. D30. B31. CPassage Two32. A33. B34. B35. BPassage Three36. A38. A39. CPassage Four40. B41. C42. C43. CSection BPassage44. B45. A46. C47. CPart III Vocabulary and Grammar Section A48. B50. A51. B52. C53. A54. B55. CSection B56. C57. C58. D59. C60. APart IV Translation61. 她正在图书馆写论文。

2024深圳市第一次调研考试英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Research Exam in Shenzhen, 2024In 2024, the city of Shenzhen conducted its first research exam, aimed at evaluating the educational system and the overall performance of students in the region. The exam covered a variety of subjects, with a focus on English, mathematics, science, and social studies. It was a comprehensive assessment designed to provide valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the education system in Shenzhen.The English section of the exam tested students' proficiency in reading, writing, listening, and speaking. It included passages on a wide range of topics, from literature to current events, and required students to demonstrate their understanding and interpretation of the material. In the writing section, students were given prompts to respond to, allowing them to showcase their ability to express their thoughts clearly and coherently.The mathematics portion of the exam included a mix of problem-solving and conceptual questions, designed to assessstudents' critical thinking skills and mathematical reasoning. This section challenged students to apply their knowledge of mathematical concepts to solve real-world problems, testing their ability to think analytically and creatively.The science and social studies sections of the exam covered a broad range of topics, from biology and physics to history and geography. These sections aimed to evaluate students' understanding of key scientific and social concepts, as well as their ability to analyze and interpret data and information.Overall, the research exam in Shenzhen was a rigorous and comprehensive assessment that provided valuable insights into the performance of students in the region. It highlighted areas of strength and potential areas for improvement in the education system, helping to inform future policy decisions and educational initiatives in Shenzhen.In conclusion, the first research exam in Shenzhen, conducted in 2024, was a significant milestone for the city's education system. It provided a comprehensive assessment of students' performance and the overall state of education in the region, laying the groundwork for future improvements and initiatives to ensure that all students in Shenzhen receive a high-quality education.篇2Research Exam in Shenzhen 2024In 2024, the city of Shenzhen conducted its first research exam to evaluate the knowledge and skills of students in various subjects. The exam aimed to assess students' understanding of the curriculum and their ability to think critically and creatively. The exam covered a wide range of topics, including mathematics, science, history, and literature.The research exam in Shenzhen consisted of both written and practical components. Students were required to answer essay questions, solve problems, and demonstrate their knowledge through hands-on activities. The exam was designed to test students' ability to apply their learning to real-world situations and think independently.One of the key features of the research exam was its focus on interdisciplinary learning. Students were encouraged to explore connections between different subjects and apply their knowledge in a holistic manner. For example, students were asked to analyze historical events using scientific principles or solve mathematical problems based on literary texts.The research exam also placed a strong emphasis on critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Students were required to analyze complex information, evaluate arguments, and come up with creative solutions to challenging problems. The exam aimed to cultivate students' analytical abilities and equip them with the tools they need to succeed in an increasingly complex and competitive world.Overall, the research exam in Shenzhen was a valuable opportunity for students to showcase their skills and knowledge. It provided a platform for students to demonstrate their academic abilities and think critically about the world around them. The exam was an important step towards promoting excellence in education and fostering a culture of lifelong learning in Shenzhen.篇3Research Report on the First Research Exam in Shenzhen in 2024IntroductionIn 2024, the Shenzhen government conducted its first research exam with the aim of gathering valuable insights and feedback from the residents of the city. The exam was designedto assess the overall satisfaction of the residents with the current state of affairs and to identify areas that require improvement. This research report presents the findings of the exam and provides recommendations for future actions.MethodologyThe research exam was conducted through a combination of online surveys, focus group discussions, and interviews with key stakeholders. A sample of 1000 residents was selected randomly to participate in the survey, with a response rate of 85%. The focus group discussions and interviews were carried out with representatives from various sectors, including government officials, business leaders, and community leaders.FindingsOverall, the residents of Shenzhen expressed a high level of satisfaction with the city's development and progress over the past few years. Key highlights of the findings include:1. Infrastructure: The residents appreciated the city'swell-developed infrastructure, including advanced transportation systems, modern healthcare facilities, and efficient public services.2. Economic Growth: Shenzhen's robust economic growth and job opportunities were identified as major strengths, with residents acknowledging the city's role as a leading tech and innovation hub.3. Environment: While the majority of residents were satisfied with the city's efforts to improve environmental sustainability, there were concerns raised about air quality and waste management.4. Education: The quality of education in Shenzhen was considered satisfactory, but there were calls for more investment in school facilities and teacher training.5. Social Services: Residents highlighted the need for improved social services, particularly in areas such as affordable housing, healthcare accessibility, and elderly care.RecommendationsBased on the findings of the research exam, the following recommendations are proposed for the Shenzhen government:1. Sustainable Development: Continue to prioritize environmental sustainability by implementing measures to reduce pollution, promote green technology, and enhance waste management.2. Social Services: Address the gaps in social services by investing in affordable housing, healthcare infrastructure, and elderly care facilities to meet the needs of all residents.3. Education: Enhance the quality of education by investing in modern school facilities, teacher training programs, and digital learning resources to ensure a high standard of education for all students.4. Innovation: Foster a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship by supporting startups, providing incentives for research and development, and creating a conducive environment for tech companies to thrive.ConclusionOverall, the first research exam in Shenzhen provided valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of the city, as well as the aspirations and concerns of its residents. By implementing the recommendations outlined in this report, the Shenzhen government can continue to build on its successes and address the challenges ahead to create a more sustainable, inclusive, and prosperous city for all.。

管综英语词汇管综英语词汇（Comprehensive English Vocabulary）是指涉及各个领域的英语词汇。

以下是一些常用的管综英语词汇：1. Business（商业）：company, marketing, sales, finance, management, investment, profit, strategy, competition, entrepreneur- 公司，市场营销，销售，财务，管理，投资，利润，战略，竞争，企业家2. Education（教育）：school, teacher, student, curriculum, exam, grade, university, research, knowledge, learning- 学校，教师，学生，课程，考试，成绩，大学，研究，知识，学习3. Health（健康）：doctor, hospital, medicine, patient, disease, treatment, prevention, nutrition, exercise, lifestyle- 医生，医院，药物，病人，疾病，治疗，预防，营养，运动，生活方式4. Environment（环境）：climate change, pollution, conservation, sustainability, renewable energy, recycling, biodiversity, deforestation, carbon footprint, waste management- 气候变化，污染，保护，可持续性，可再生能源，回收，生物多样性，森林砍伐，碳足迹，废物管理5. Technology（技术）：internet, computer, smartphone, software, hardware, digital, social media, artificial intelligence,virtual reality, automation- 互联网，电脑，智能手机，软件，硬件，数字化，社交媒体，人工智能，虚拟现实，自动化6. Politics（政治）：government, president, democracy, election, policy, legislation, diplomacy, power, corruption, international relations- 政府，总统，民主，选举，政策，立法，外交，权力，腐败，国际关系7. Culture（文化）：art, music, literature, film, theater, religion, tradition, language, customs, heritage- 艺术，音乐，文学，电影，剧院，宗教，传统，语言，风俗习惯，文化遗产8. Science（科学）：biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, experiment, hypothesis, research, theory, discovery, innovation- 生物学，化学，物理学，数学，实验，假设，研究，理论，发现，创新这只是管综英语词汇的一小部分，实际上还有很多其他的领域和相关词汇。

管理类联考复试英语自我介绍模板英文回答:Introduction:Hello everyone, my name is [Your Name], and I amthrilled to have the opportunity to introduce myself to you today. I come from [Your City/Country], and I am a candidate for the management postgraduate entrance exam. Today, I want to share a bit about myself, my experiences, and why I believe I am a suitable candidate for this program.Background:I completed my undergraduate studies in [Your Field of Study] at [Your University/College]. During my time there, I actively participated in various extracurricularactivities and internships, which greatly enriched my academic experience. For instance, I was part of thestudent council where I learned valuable leadership and teamwork skills. Additionally, I interned at[Company/Organization Name], where I gained practical insights into the field of management.Passion for Management:My interest in management stems from my desire to make a positive impact and drive change within organizations. I am fascinated by the dynamic nature of management and how effective leadership can influence the success of a team or company. One example of this is when I was tasked with leading a project during my internship. Despite facing numerous challenges, including tight deadlines and resource constraints, I was able to successfully coordinate the team and deliver results beyond expectations.Strengths:One of my key strengths is my ability to communicate and collaborate effectively with others. Whether it's leading a team or working alongside colleagues, I believeopen communication and mutual respect are essential for achieving common goals. Moreover, I am highly adaptable and thrive in fast-paced environments. This was evident when I had to adapt to sudden changes in project requirements and quickly find innovative solutions to overcome obstacles.Career Goals:In the future, I aspire to pursue a career in [Your Desired Field], where I can leverage my skills and experiences to drive organizational growth and innovation. Whether it's in a managerial role or as a consultant, I am committed to continuous learning and professional development to stay ahead in this ever-evolving field.Conclusion:In conclusion, I am excited about the prospect of joining this program and furthering my education in management. I am confident that my background, skills, and passion make me a strong candidate for this opportunity. Thank you for considering my application, and I lookforward to the possibility of contributing to the vibrant academic community here.中文回答：自我介绍：大家好，我叫[你的名字]，非常高兴今天有机会向大家介绍自己。

工商管理专业人才培养方案Business Administration一、学制与学位Length of Schooling and Degree学制：四年学位：管理学学士学位Duration：4 years Degree：Bachelor of Administration二、培养目标Educational Objectives1．技术经济方向本专业培养具备工商管理基本理论和系统的专业知识，熟练掌握技术经济评价理论和方法，具有较强技术经济分析能力的高级管理人才。

能够从事工程估价、投资项目可行性分析、在电力企业和其它企事业单位以及政府部门从事管理及教学科研工作。

2．电力市场方向本专业方向主要培养具备工商管理专业的基本理论和系统的专业知识，掌握电力市场交易理论和操作规程、发电企业竞价方法、电价设计、电力市场监管等方面理论知识的高级专门人才。

可以从事电力企业的技术管理与经济管理工作，承担其它企事业单位和政府部门的管理及教学科研工作。

1.Technical Economics DirectionThe major cultivates students into advanced special talents, who master the basic theory and specialty knowledge of business administration major, master the theory and method of technical-economic evaluation, have the good ability of technical-economic analysis. They can engage in project assessing, feasibility analyzing of investment projects, engage in management, teaching and science researching jobs in electric power enterprises, other enterprises, and government departments.2.Electric Power MarketThe major cultivates students into advanced special talents, who master the basic theory and specialty knowledge of business administration major, master the trade theory and operating rules of power market, the pricing method of power plants, the trade management knowledge of power grid, and power price designing and regulating etc. After graduation, they can engage in technical and economic management in electric power system, teaching and science researching jobs in enterprises and government departments.三、专业培养基本要求：Requirements of Educational培养学生具有良好的心理素质以及诚实守信、勤勉乐群的美好品德和良好的职业道德；具有健康的体魄以及积极向上的人生观和高尚的情操；系统掌握工商管理专业知识，具有较强的管理能力、创新能力和沟通能力；了解电力规划、建设、生产与运行的基本知识，精通技术经济的实际分析技能和良好的数学分析能力；具有良好的外语听、说、读、写能力。

mba研究生英语考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1MBA Graduate English Exam: Sample Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The MBA Graduate English Exam is a crucial component of the admissions process for many MBA programs around the world. This exam evaluates candidates' proficiency in English, specifically testing their reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. In this document, we will provide a sample of MBA Graduate English Exam questions and answers that will help you prepare for this important test.Reading Comprehension:Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:Passage:In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards sustainable business practices. Many companies are now focusing on reducing their carbon footprint and implementingenvironmentally friendly initiatives. This shift towards sustainability is not only good for the planet but also has positive effects on businesses, such as improving brand image and attracting environmentally conscious consumers.Questions:1. What is the main focus of companies in recent years?2. What are the benefits of implementing sustainable business practices?3. Why is sustainability important for businesses?Answers:1. The main focus of companies in recent years is on reducing their carbon footprint and implementing environmentally friendly initiatives.2. The benefits of implementing sustainable business practices include improving brand image and attracting environmentally conscious consumers.3. Sustainability is important for businesses because it not only benefits the planet but also has positive effects on business performance.Writing Task:Write an essay on the following topic:Many people argue that technology has made our lives easier, while others believe that it has made us more dependent and less able to think for ourselves. What is your opinion on this issue?Answer:Technology has undoubtedly made our lives easier in many ways. From communication to transportation, technology has revolutionized the way we live and work. However, this convenience comes at a cost. As we become more dependent on technology, we may lose the ability to think critically and problem solve on our own. In my opinion, it is important to strike a balance between using technology to improve our lives and not becoming overly reliant on it.Listening Comprehension:Listen to the following audio clip and answer the questions based on the information provided:Audio Clip - Interview with a Marketing ExecutiveQuestion:What are the main challenges that the marketing executive faces in the current market?Answer:The main challenges that the marketing executive faces in the current market include increased competition, changing consumer preferences, and the need to stay ahead of industry trends.Speaking Task:Discuss the following topic with your partner:Do you think globalization has had a positive or negative impact on the world economy?Answer:I believe that globalization has had both positive and negative impacts on the world economy. On one hand, it has allowed for more efficient trade, increased access to goods and services, and created opportunities for economic growth. However, globalization has also led to income inequality, exploitation of workers in developing countries, and an overreliance on a few key players in the global economy. It is important for countries to work together to address thechallenges that arise from globalization and ensure that its benefits are shared equitably.Conclusion:The MBA Graduate English Exam is a crucial step in the admissions process for MBA programs. By practicing with sample questions and answers like the ones provided in this document, you can improve your English proficiency and better prepare for this important exam. Good luck!篇2MBA Graduate English Exam Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The MBA Graduate English Exam is a crucial aspect of the application process for many MBA programs around the world. It tests the applicants' proficiency in the English language, as well as their ability to comprehend and analyze complex texts. In this document, we will provide a selection of sample questions and answers that applicants may encounter in their MBA Graduate English Exam.Sample Question 1:Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:"Globalization has led to a significant increase incross-border transactions, both in terms of trade and investment. However, this has also brought about a number of challenges, including the risk of economic instability and the threat of job losses in certain sectors."Question:What are some of the challenges associated with globalization, as mentioned in the passage?Answer:Some of the challenges associated with globalization include economic instability and the possibility of job losses in certain industries. Globalization has made economies more interconnected, which means that events in one country can have far-reaching effects on others.Sample Question 2:Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:"Many companies are now embracing digital technologies to streamline their operations and improve efficiency. However, this shift towards automation has also raised concerns about the impact on the workforce, with many fearing job losses as a result of technological advancements."Question:What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of companies embracing digital technologies, as mentioned in the passage?Answer:The benefits of companies embracing digital technologies include improved efficiency and streamlined operations. However, this shift towards automation has also raised concerns about the potential for job losses, as technology continues to advance and replace traditional roles.Sample Question 3:Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:"Leadership is often cited as a key factor in the success of organizations. Effective leaders are able to inspire and motivate their teams, foster innovation, and drive the company towards its goals."Question:What are some of the characteristics of effective leaders, as mentioned in the passage?Answer:Some of the characteristics of effective leaders include the ability to inspire and motivate their teams, foster innovation, and drive the organization towards its goals. Effective leaders are able to communicate their vision clearly and empower their team members to achieve success.Conclusion:The MBA Graduate English Exam is an important assessment that helps admissions committees evaluate applicants' language skills and critical thinking abilities. By preparing for the exam and familiarizing yourself with sample questions and answers, you can increase your chances of success in the application process. Good luck!篇3MBA Graduate English Exam Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The MBA graduate English exam is a crucial component of the admissions process for many business schools. This exam assesses the applicant's proficiency in the English language, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. In this document, we will provide sample exam questions and their corresponding answers to help prospective MBA applicants prepare for the exam.Reading Comprehension Questions:1. Read the following passage and answer the questions below:"Automation and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revolutionized the business landscape, increasing efficiency and productivity. However, some experts argue that these technologies may also lead to job losses and economic disparities. The key challenge for businesses is to find a balance between automation and human labor to ensure sustainable growth."Questions:a) According to the passage, what are the benefits of automation and AI?b) What is the potential downside of these technologies?c) What is the main challenge for businesses in adopting automation and AI?Answers:a) The benefits of automation and AI include increased efficiency and productivity.b) The potential downside is job losses and economic disparities.c) The main challenge is finding a balance between automation and human labor.Writing Task:2. Write an essay discussing the impact of globalization on businesses. Include examples and discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of globalization.Sample Answer:Globalization has transformed the business landscape, connecting economies and markets around the world. It has enabled businesses to expand their reach and access new markets, leading to increased profitability and growth. For example, multinational corporations like Apple and Nike have leveraged globalization to establish a global presence and driveinnovation. However, globalization also has its drawbacks, such as increased competition and environmental concerns. Overall, businesses must adapt to the challenges and opportunities presented by globalization to remain competitive in today's global economy.Listening Comprehension:3. Listen to the following audio clip and answer the questions below:Audio clip:"Good morning, this is a news update. The stock market experienced a downturn yesterday, with major indices falling by 2%. Analysts attribute this decline to concerns over inflation and interest rates. On the bright side, some tech companies reported strong earnings, signaling potential opportunities for investors."Questions:a) What was the cause of the stock market downturn?b) What sector showed positive performance?c) What opportunities were mentioned for investors?Answers:a) Concerns over inflation and interest rates.b) Tech companies.c) Potential opportunities for investors.Speaking Task:4. Discuss the following topic with a partner: "The importance of corporate social responsibility in modern business practices." Take turns sharing your views and providing examples to support your arguments.Sample Answer:Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is essential for businesses to build trust with stakeholders and contribute to sustainable development. Companies that prioritize CSR initiatives demonstrate their commitment to social and environmental issues, which can enhance their reputation and attract customers. For instance, companies like Patagonia and Ben & Jerry's have built strong brand loyalty through their CSR efforts. In today's competitive business environment, CSR is no longer a choice but a necessity for businesses looking to succeed in the long term.Conclusion:The MBA graduate English exam is a critical assessment of the applicant's language skills and ability to communicate effectively in a business context. By familiarizing themselves with sample exam questions and practicing their reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills, prospective MBA applicants can improve their chances of success in the admissions process.。

2022年全国商务英语专业四级考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12022 National Business English Proficiency Test (BEP) Level Four ExamSection 1: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Part A: Reading comprehension (25 points)Directions: In this section, there are five passages. After each passage, there are five multiple-choice questions. Read each passage carefully and select the best answer to each question.Passage 1In today's globalized economy, companies are facing increasing competition, both domestically and internationally. To stay competitive, businesses must continually evolve, innovate, and adapt to changing market conditions. This requires skilled employees who can effectively communicate, analyze data, and think critically. As a result, the demand for professionals with strong business English skills is on the rise.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. Global competition in the economyB. The importance of skilled employeesC. Evolving business practicesD. The rising demand for business English skillsAnswer: D2. Why must companies evolve and innovate?A. To increase profitsB. To stay competitiveC. To attract customersD. To expand internationallyAnswer: B3. What skills are required of employees in today's economy?A. Communication, analysis, and critical thinkingB. Marketing, sales, and customer serviceC. Project management, leadership, and teamworkD. Technology, innovation, and creativityAnswer: A4. Why is the demand for professionals with strong business English skills increasing?A. Companies are expanding globallyB. Employees are working remotelyC. Business is becoming more digitalD. Global competition is risingAnswer: D5. What is the main challenge for businesses today?A. Finding skilled employeesB. Adapting to market changesC. Increasing revenueD. Reducing costsAnswer: BPassage 2The Internet has revolutionized the way we do business, providing companies with new opportunities to reach customers and collaborate with partners around the world. Withe-commerce platforms, social media marketing, and online communication tools, businesses can now connect with a global audience and conduct transactions in real-time. This has created a need for employees who are proficient in digital communication and online marketing strategies.6. How has the Internet revolutionized business?A. By increasing competitionB. By providing new opportunitiesC. By reducing costsD. By eliminating traditional marketing channelsAnswer: B7. What tools can businesses use to reach a global audience?A. E-commerce platforms and social media marketingB. Traditional advertising and direct mail campaignsC. Print media and television commercialsD. Radio ads and billboardsAnswer: A8. What skills are required for employees to succeed in online marketing?A. Digital communication and data analysisB. Sales techniques and negotiationC. Project management and leadershipD. Financial analysis and accountingAnswer: A9. What is the main advantage of conducting transactions in real-time?A. Faster communication with customersB. Lower transaction costsC. Increased efficiencyD. Better customer serviceAnswer: C10. What is the main focus of online marketing strategies?A. Building brand awarenessB. Maximizing profitsC. Increasing market shareD. Generating leads and conversionsAnswer: APart B: Cloze test (15 points)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Fill in each blank with the appropriate word or phrase given below the passage.Around the world, businesses are adopting (11) __________ technologies to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer (12) __________. The rise of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and big data analytics has (13) __________ businesses to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately. This enables companies to (14) __________ trends, identify opportunities, and make informed decisions. In addition, cloud computing (15) __________ companies to store and access data remotely, allowing employees to collaborate from anywhere in the world. Overall, these technologies are transforming the way businesses operate and (16) __________ new possibilities for growth and innovation.11. A. innovative B. traditional C. outdated D. modernAnswer: A12. A. satisfaction B. loyalty C. engagement D. experience13. A. empowered B. enabled C. equipped D. facilitatedAnswer: B14. A. forecast B. predict C. anticipate D. envisionAnswer: B15. A. enables B. allows C. permits D. facilitatesAnswer: B16. A. unlocking B. exploring C. discovering D. creatingAnswer: ASection 2: Writing (60 points)Part A: Translation (20 points)Directions: Translate the following passage from Chinese into English.随着全球经济的快速发展，企业对商务英语专业毕业生的需求不断增加。

Syllabus for undergraduate of OUCCourse name：Principle of managementCourse time：48 class hoursCourse teacher：Dong Zhiwen1.Course OverviewPrinciple of management is a professional basic course of all kinds of management specialty. Following the six functions of management, this course includes basic functions, basic principles and basic methods of management. In addition, this course focuses on the systematic analysis and research of the practice of modern enterprise’management, it is an important basic course for students to learn other management courses.2.Student Learning OutcomesBy learning this course, the students can master the basic principle of management, basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skill. Moreover they are expected to master management skill to do the work such as decision-making, planning, organizing, leading, controlling and innovation. the students can broaden the train of thought, renew the idea, grasp the basic knowledge of management, and their ability to solve problems in practical economic activities can be improved.- 1 -3.Course Expectations(1) Come to class, listen carefully in class, participate in class discussion, in-class exercises and tests actively.(2) Finish homework on time.(3)Complete a certain amount of reading literature and background information.4.AssignmentsIn unit 3(planning) and unit 6(leading) teacher arranges practicing teaching. The students are required to find informant about project, make presentation and discuss case.5.Books To Purchase《Management: Principle and Methods》(6th edition),compiled by Zhou Sanduo, Chen Chuanming, Jia Dingliang, Fudan University publishing house, December 2014.6.Grading PolicyTest method is close-exam.Comprehensive evaluation system: the final grade consists of regular grades and final test scores. The regular grades are grading by their attendance and other behaviors in class, design for homework and so on. T- 1 -The regular grades accounts for 40 percent of the final grade and the final test scores accounts for 60 percent of the final grade.7.Course Calendar- 1 -。

城市学院《公共管理学》课程中英文简介Public Management课程代码：010012A/010012B Course Code：010012A/010012B课程名称：公共管理学Course Name：Public Management学时：32 Periods：32学分：2 Credits：2考核方式：考试/考查Assessment：Examination/Inspection先修课程：管理学原理Preparatory Courses：Management Science 行政管理Public Administration《公共管理学》是为引导学生了解公共管理的基本理论和基础知识而开设的课程，是其它公共管理类专业课程的基础。

通过本门课程的教学，使学生全面掌握公共管理的基础理论和基本知识；了解公共部门的机构设置、管理运作的原则、特点和方式；探索公共管理变革和创新的新方式。

教学过程中，注重养成学生公共管理的思维，培养学生提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力，为学生进一步学习相关专业课程和将来从事实际工作打下坚实的理论基础。

本课程是一门理论与实际操作相结合的课程，它阐述了当代公共管理发展的基本状况和主要特点，全面分析了公共管理的过程和行为，在学习和借鉴国外先进的公共管理经验基础上，指出了公共管理变革和发展的方向。

"Public Management" is a foundational course of public administration major. It guides students to learn and understand the basic theories and basic knowledge of public management. Through the course, students should grasp the basic theories and basic knowledge of public management; understand the arrangement of public sectors and institutions; understand the principles, characteristics and methods of public sectors management; explore public sector reform and innovation. In the process of teaching, we attempt to develop the abilities of students to ask questions, analyze problems and solve problems; develop the thinking ways of public management.This course is a combination of theoretical and practical subject which spells out the basic theoretical development of contemporary public management and its main features as well as comprehensive analysis of processes and behaviors of public management. It learns and borrows the advanced experiences of public management of industrialized countries and forecasts the change and development of the public management in the future.中英文课程简介《城市管理学》课程中英文简介Urban Management课程代码：010022A/010022B/010023A Course Code：010022A/010022B/010023A课程名称：城市管理学Course Name：Urban Management学时：32/32/48 Periods：32/32/48学分：2/2/3 Credits：2/2/3考核方式：考试/考查/考试Assessment：Examination/Inspection/Examination 先修课程：管理学Preparatory Courses：Management城市管理学是城市管理专业的一门专业课，同时也是其他相关专业的学科基础课或者专业选修课。