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东北三省三校（哈尔滨师范大学附属中学东北师大附中辽宁省实验中学）2022届高三第一次联合模拟考试英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15B. £9.18.C. £ 9.15.答案是C。
1. What still needs to be cleaned?A. The kitchen floor,B. The dishes.C. The truck.2. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Brother and sister.C. Friends.3. Which dustbin is for grass?A. The brown one.B. The green one.C: The blue one.4. What was the bird doing?A. Learning to fly.B. Fighting against the cal.C. Rescuing the cat.5. Where are the speakers?A. At a fruit market.B. At a local shop.C. At a farm第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
各国外贸网站推荐美国一些相关的网站联络全球公司(免费提供美国公司名录及其经营范围、各国商务指南等)美国对外商务服务中心（包括帮助美国公司出口、帮助中国公司采购等，在中国设有办事处）美国贸易中心 (美国商务部的贸易信息入口网站)美国贸易信息中心（提供美国包括出口政策，最佳出口市场，常用名录等信息 )美国企业名录 美国工商团体 美国资讯/usa/infousa世界贸易 美国工业品供应商 美国进出口商 美国公司注册 美国商展 / (驻美国商务参赞处)香港的一个B2B网站，国外采购商较多最近很牛的一个站，沙特人开的，询单N多，现在注册免费会员不给发产品了。
不过，或许有例外的，假如你是，你就中奖了。
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对免费的来说，已经非常不错了/也是美国那边上的人很多/台湾网站，不过国外的浏览量很大/同样是台湾开的公司，台湾询单很多，你想做台湾人的生意，这个站一定要加入/这站注册很难通过啊。
我注册N天了。
都不给我通过，不过确实是好站/印度的站，印度人占了7成，大家看着办吧。
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Test 1 1. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right. 1.) A recipient a. A place where emails are sent to for a person. 2.) A mailbox b. Junk email (including unsolicited adv.) 3.) Spam c. A file (document) that is went with an email message. 4.) To forward d. A list of people’s address 5.) Soft copy e. A printed copy of an email or another document. 6.) Hyperlink f. A cross-reference to other websites and other data. 7.) Mailing list g. A person who receives an email. 8.) An attachment h. An electronic copy of an email or anther document 9.) Hard copy i. To send an email you received on to someone else 10.) USP(unique selling point) j. Features and benefits of a product which distinguish it From competitor products.
2. Compete the following sentences, using the appropriate phrasal verbs forms the box below. Remember to put the verbs in the correct form.
曼谷大学传媒学院电台及电视广播专业360教育集团说，21世纪以来，电台和电视广播越来越受到学生和家长的青睐，本专业重在加强学生的理论基础知识和提高学生的动手实践能力，提高学生的语言表达能力、综合素质、科学文化水平及创新能力，要求学生在制作节目的过程中学会运用先进的技术设备，以提高工作的效率。
学生可以根据自己的兴趣和爱好选择重点学习的课程。
就业方向：节目制作人、节目导演、新闻写作、广播员、主持人、电台及电视台台长以及其他相关行业。
学分的分配通用教育30个学分专业教育96个学分核心课程36个学分专业必修课30个学分专业选修课15个学分辅修课15个学分自由选修课9个学分共135个学分通用教育（30个学分）英语课（9个学分）EN011EnglishinAction实用英语3EN012EnglishforDailyLife日常英语3EN013EnglishforExpressingIdeas表达英语3必修课（15个学分）GE111ValueOfGraduates学士的价值3GE112InformationTechnologyandtheFutureWorld信息技术及未来世界3GE113ThaiLanguageforCreativity创意泰语3GE114ThaiCitizens,GlobalCitizens泰国公民，世界公民3GE115TheArtofLife生活艺术3选修课（6个学分）GE116LeadershipSkills领导技巧3GE117MathematicsforDailyLife日常数学3GE118LifeandHealth生命与健康3GE119ThaiWisdomandCreativeEconomy泰国智慧和创意经济3专业教育（96个学分）核心课程（36个学分）[$pagetag]非专业必修课程（9学分）ST203StatisticsforSocialScience社会科学统计3EN340EnglishforProfessionalCommunicationArts1传媒英语13 EN341EnglishforProfessionalCommunicationArts2传媒英语23传媒必修课（27个学分）COM101IntroductiontoCommunication传媒概论3COM102IntroductiontoLawforCommunicationArts传媒法律概论3 COM103Speach演讲3COM104DigitalPhotography数码摄影3COM105IntroductiontoCommunicationResearch传媒研究导论3 COM106IntegratedMarketingCommunications整合营销传播3COM107MassMediaandSociety大众传媒与社会3请在以下七门课程中选择三门（6个学分）COM111IntroductiontoPublicRelations公共关系概论2COM112IntroductiontoJournalism新闻学概论2COM113IntroductiontoAdvertising广告学概论2COM114IntroductiontoPerformingArts表演艺术概论2COM115IntroductiontoBroadcasting电台及电视广播概论2COM116IntroductiontoFilm电影学概论2COM117IntroductiontoBrandCommunications品牌传媒概论2专业必修课（30个学分）BRC201BroadcastAnnouncing电台及电视广播播音主持3BRC202NonFictionalWritingforBroadcasting广播新闻稿写作2BRC203BroadcastProductionDesign电视广播节目制作设计3BRC204FictionalWritingforBroadcasting娱乐节目稿写作和编剧2BRC205DigitalMediaProductionTechniques数字传媒3BRC301CreatingtheVisualStoryforTelevision电视节目叙事图片制作3BRC302AppliedResearchinBroadcasting电台及电视广播研究应用2BRC303BroadcastCriticism电台及电视广播节目评论3BRC401ElectronicMediaManagementandEntrepreneurship电子传媒管理与创业3 BRC402SeminarinBroadcasting电台及电视广播研讨会3BRC403BroadcastInternship电台及电视广播实习3BRC404BroadcastingProject电台及电视广播项目3专业选修课（15个学分）1.5门专业选修课（11个学分）BRC311RadioProduction广播节目制作2BRC312DigitalRadioStationOperationsI数字电台操作管理12BRC313HighDefinitionTVProductionI高清电视节目制作12BRC411DigitalRadioStationOperationsII数字电台操作管理22BRC412HighDefinitionTVProductionII高清电视节目制作232.节目制作技能方向专业选修课（2个学分）BRC321SoundandMusicApplicationinBroadcasting电台及电视广播声音和音乐应用2 BRC322VirtualStudioSystemforTelevisionProduction模拟系统电视节目制作2 BRC323MotionGraphicforTelevisionandNewMedia电视和新媒体动画23.专题节目制作方向专业选修课（2个学分）BRC421SpecialEventsAnnouncingandCommentary专题报道2BRC422BroadcastFieldProduction外景节目制作2BRC423NewscastProductioninNewAge新时代电台及电视广播新闻节目制作2专业辅修课（15学分）学生可以在如下科目中选择一组课程作为辅修课1）大众传媒学院规定的本学院的其他专业课程；2）大众传媒学院规定的其他学院的课程；3）非本专业的学生的辅修课BRC201BroadcastAnnouncing电台及电视广播播音主持3BRC203BroadcastProductionDesign电视广播节目制作设计3BRC301CreatingtheVisualStoryforTelevision电视节目叙事图片制作3BRC303BroadcastCriticism电台及电视广播节目评论3BRC401ElectronicMediaManagementandEntrepreneurship电子传媒管理与创业3自由选修课（9个学分）COM151PublicRelationsforEntertainmentBusiness娱乐业公共关系3COM152PersonalityDevelopmentforPublicRelationsProfession专业公共关系人格发展3 COM153PublicRelationsforSmallandMediumBusinessEnterprises中小型企业公共关系3 COM154PublicRelationsforCreativeIndustries创意产业公共关系3COM155NegotiationandConflictResolution谈判和争端解决3COM156PoliticalPublicRelations政治公共关系3COM157PublicRelationsforRecreation娱乐业公共关系3COM158HealthCommunication健康交际3COM159PublicRelationsforCelebrity名人公共关系3COM160CreativeWritingforEventandPresentation活动和演示的创意写作3COM161CreativeEventPlanningandManagement创意活动策划和管理3COM251NewacasterPerformance新闻主播的技能3COM252HistoryofJournalism新闻学历史3COM253SportReporting体育新闻播报3COM254ICTReporting信息技术新闻播报3COM255NewsTranslation新闻翻译3COM256ArtsandAestheticsforJournalism新闻工作艺术和美学3COM257NewsDocumentaryProduction新闻纪录片制作3COM258SpecializedReporting专题新闻报道3COM351AdvertisingforSMEs中小型企业广告3COM352CreativePortfolio创意文件夹3COM353CommunicationDesign传媒设计3COM354AdvertisingforModernTrade现在商业广告3COM355StudioPhotography工作室摄影3COM356MotionGraphicsinAdvertising动画广告3COM357EventMarketing特殊活动营销3COM358AdvertisingIntership广告实习3COM359LanguageSkillforAdvertisingPractitioner广告从业者语言技能3COM360InternationalFieldStudyinAdvertising广告学国际研究3COM461TheatricalMake-up表演化妆3COM462AdvancedTheatricalMake-up高级表演化妆3COM463MultimediaDesignforLivePerformance现场表演多媒体设计3COM464PropsMaking道具制作3COM465Puppetry木偶剧3COM466Mime哑剧3COM467ContemporaryDance现代舞3COM468ThaiDance泰国舞蹈3COM469ArtTrendinTheatre,TelevisionandFilm戏剧，电视和电影的艺术发展趋势3 COM470ScenicPainting布景绘画3COM471ScenicDesign布景设计3COM472LightingDesign灯光设计3COM473CostumeDesign服饰设计3COM474HistoryofTheatre戏剧历史3COM475WorldPerformingArtsStudies国际表演艺术研究3COM476OrientalDrama东方戏剧3COM477Opera歌剧3COM478BrechtianTheatre布莱希特戏剧3COM479AbsurdTheatre荒诞派戏剧3COM480WomeninDramaandTheatre戏剧中的女性3COM481TheatreinEducation戏剧教育3COM482ActingforPersonalityDevelopoment人格发展表演3COM483OralInterpretation口头解释3COM484TheatreforChildren儿童戏剧3COM485TheoriesofActingandDirecting表演及导演理论3COM486ExperimentalTheatre实验剧场3COM487ShakespeareinContemporarySociety当代社会中的莎士比亚3 COM488Tragedy悲剧3COM489Comedy戏剧3COM490ContemporaryTrendinPerformingArts当代表演艺术发展趋势研究3 COM491ThaiDramainContemporarySociety当代社会中的泰国戏剧3COM551SocialBroadcasting社会电台及电视广播3COM552DocumentaryProduction纪录片制作3COM553SportsProduction体育节目制作3COM554LightingDesignforTelesion电视节目灯光设计3COM555VoiceWorkinBroadcasting播音中的声音运用3COM5563DVideoProduction3D视频制作3COM557ProductingforTVandMedia电视及新媒体制作监制3COM558GlobalMediaSystem世界媒体系统3COM559MusicinContemporaryMessMedia当代媒体中的音乐3COM651ActingforFilm电影表演3COM652ActingfortheCameras:AdvancedTechniques电影高级表演技巧3 COM653FilmNarrativeWorkshop电影中的叙事3COM654ScoringforFilmWorkshop电影插曲制作3COM655SetDecoration布景摆设和表演道具3COM656GraphicsandAnimation制图和动画3COM657SurveysofAsianFilms亚洲电影发展3COM658SurveysofEuropeanandAmericanFilm欧洲和美国电影发展3 COM659SurveysofSouthEastAsianFilm东南亚电影发展3COM660ExperimentalFilmmakingWorkshop实验电影制作3COM661DocumentyFilmmakingWorkshop纪录片制作3COM662ThaiFilmmakerMasterClass泰国电影工作者工作流程研讨会3 COM663ContinuityinFilm电影制作连续性控制3COM664AdvancedEditingTechniques高级电影剪辑技巧3COM665SpecialEffectsandDigitalCompositing电影特效和数码合成3 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IntroductionSeeing from the trends of development in retail industry, hypermarket with its advantages like open-shelf sales, convenient and cheap and one-stop shopping has become the main type in retail industry. After the hypermarket appeared in the mid-20th century, it has made contributions to the extension of international market, the prosperity of global trade and the development of world’s economy. The hypermarket is re-development and re-creation of the supermarket. Compared with the supermarket, hypermarket not only operates larger business areas, but also has more kinds of goods. It uses optional way to sell the daily essentials so that it can meet the customers’ demand for one-stop shopping. Wider and more comfortable shopping environment and complete types of goods makes the hypermarket enjoy the customers’favor. The hypermarket has become one of the fastest growing formats as well as the most dynamic form of retail organization in retail industry.Carrefour is a French international hypermarket chain which is headquartered in Levallois-Perret, France. Carrefour is the largest hypermarket chain in the world in terms of size, and the second largest retail group in terms of revenue and profit after Wal-Mart. As the world’s second largest retailer, Carrefour operates more than 10,300 stores in France and 11,000 stores covered 30 countries and areas around the world. In 2005, the Carrefour ranked the 22nd in The Wealth 500 strong business enterprises. The Carrefour leads the market mainly in three kinds of managing modes as Hypermarket, Supermarket and Hard Discount Store. In China, the main operation type of Carrefour is hypermarket with the discount stores named “Dia” as supplement.This study aims at the research of Carrefour and elaborates the creation, characteristic and development process of Carrefour and makes use of the basic theories of marketing to analyze the existing marketing strategy of Carrefour in detail. In order to face the challenges and chances, the SWOT analysis is made to nail down the advantages and disadvantages of Carrefour. STP analysis is aimed to ensure the target market and market fixed position of Carrefour, thereby get the marketing strategy of the hypermarket. Finally, this thesis put forward several suggestions to Carrefour for its further development, hoping the advice could be useful to the development of the native company and the race retail trade of our country could have sustained, rapid and sound development.1. Background InformationWith the development of economy in China, the retail market has entered into a new period with fiercer competition than ever. In such a situation, however, Carrefour achieves great success in the Chinese retail market.1.1 Brief Introduction of CarrefourCarrefour Group, founded in 1959, is the pioneer of hypermarket format. In 1963, Carrefour opened its first store in France. Carrefour merged with Promodes SA in 2000 and then became Europe’s leading and the world’s second-largest retailer. Carrefour mainly operates three business types, they are: hypermarkets, supermarkets and discount stores. In addition, Carrefour has also developed a number of convenient stores and membership-based discount stores in some countries. The company’s founders created the concept of the hypermarket, an expanded supermarket offering a wide variety of merchandise, including groceries, electronics, clothing, and automotive supplies, that allowed consumers to accomplish most of their shopping at one store. The rapid success of Hypermarkets has revolutionized the retail industry in France and worldwide. In 2004, the whole Carrefour Group sold 72.668 billion Euros after tax, employed over 43 million people, and ranked second only to the Wal-Mart in the world retail industry.Carrefour’s business philosophy is based on low prices, excellent customer service and comfortable shopping environment to provide the vast number of customers for the necessary daily consumer goods. Carrefour implements self-service shopping, free parking, low prices and high efficiency shopping and other series of services. And, it’s “Happy shopping Carrefour” and “one-stop shopping” and other advanced management concepts have got the favor from the majority of consumers.Therefore, the foundation of Carrefour’s development and services is to better meet the shopping needs of consumers. Carrefour shares its advanced business equipments and brand-new retail business concepts with others in the world to actively improve the quality of people's consumption and living standards, stimulate consumers’demands, promote and facilitate the local economic development.1.2 The Development of Carrefour in ChinaIn 1995, Carrefour successfully opened its first hypermarket in China: Beijing ChuangYi store. Due to the store’s new business philosophy, it was successfully accepted by the Chinese consumers. During the past 10 years, Carrefour had maintained the leading position among the foreign retail enterprises in China and led the development of Chinese modern retail industry. At present, Carrefour has opened more than 60 stores with more than 30,000 employees in 26 cities of China. In addition, Carrefour set up its global sourcing headquartersin Shanghai. It also established the regional representative offices in 10 cities so that Carrefour can purchase the local special merchandise at low price level and export to overseas chain stores. In China, 95% of the merchandise in Carrefour’s stores is from local sources. In 2004, Carrefour’s value of export reached 3.235 billion US dollars. Carrefour not only contributed to the state and local economy in terms of taxes, but also brought with the management skills and experience of modern hypermarket after several years of operating in China. Carrefour has realized the modernization and localization in the aspects of the commodity procurement and management, marketing management, human resources development and financial management, and has made great contributions to local economic development.1.3 Market Competition in ChinaWith the further opening of Chinese market and the constantly increasing of economy, China’s position in the global economy becomes more important. In this environment, Chinese retail market has become the focus of numerous foreign retail giants. China has 1.3 billion populations, which is no doubt a huge consumer market. The foreign companies bend over backwards and strive to expand scale advantages in order to get ahead in China. China’s retail industry is in booming progress, and China has become the world’s most competitive retail market.After China entering the WTO, a large number of foreign hypermarkets have stepped into Chinese retail market, including US-owned Wal-Mart, French-owned Carrefour, Auchan and Thai-owned Lotus etc. These hypermarkets which own huge scale, rich experience and advanced management method have become important competitive forces in Chinese retail market. In the multitude of strong competition, Wal-Mart and Carrefour’s competition is no doubt the fiercest. As the world largest and second retailers separated, Wal-Mart and Carrefour have similar business scale and strength as well as the target market, especially in China, an emerging retail market. The two big rival giants all put the Chinese market in first place and have increased to a strategic level. However, it seems that in this competition Carrefour got temporary success. And with the growth of Chinese retail market, new round of competition will be comprehensively launched. So in order to cope with the further competition, Carrefour should be aware of its own situation firstly. SWOT analysis is often used by which a business or its marketing department for planning marketing strategy.2. SWOT Analysis of CarrefourThe enterprises which participate in the market competition in the complex environmen t, must be clear about the position and condition which the enterprises locate in, so that they can better seize opportunities to circumvent risks and achieve enterprises’ long-term developmenttargets. The enterprises need to have clear understanding of their own strengths and weakness as well as the opportunities and the threats which they faces in the market competition so that they can engage in the market competition strongly and realize the enterprise value truly. In the actual utilization, the comprehensive appraisal method which is most used is called the SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis).SWOT analysis involves looking at the internal strengths and weaknesses of a business and external opportunities and threats. In other words, it is used to analyze the possible internal advantages and problems that a business has, and to determine the external factors of the business which may affect its strategy. The purpose of a SWOT analysis is to conduct a general and quick examination of a business’s current position so that it can help the business to develop or plan a direction of development or a proper strategy in future.SWOT analysis is an effective way of gathering and classifying information, illustrating particular matters, and generating the analysis of strategic planning ideas analysis can be conducted.2.1 Strengths of CarrefourInternal strengths: Things that a business does well or the strong points that a business has.2.1.1. Carrefour Acquires the Starters’ Interests in ChinaAs the first participators of a market, starters can acquire some special interests and more differential advantages and opportunities compared to the marketing followers. The starters always can operate larger scale business than followers in a market. They can make use of scale economy to obtain the superior advantages of original price of goods and marketing management fee. In addition, starters always choose the best locations as their premises and form locate monopoly. As a result, they can keep an advantageous position in attracting customers. Carrefour, as the first foreign retail enterprise entered in China, can enjoy all the interests that the marketing starters owned.2.1.2. Carrefour Owns Talented ManagersCarrefour has many managers who have strategic version, superb po litical bargaining power and clear idea of market positioning. They make full use of the Carrefour’s monopoly position and the expectations generated by the status of purchases in China retail industry to speed up the process of opening new stores so that Carrefour can hold more market share. 2.1.3. Large Scale OperationCarrefour’s large scale operation is an important feature to distinguish from the traditional retail industry. Although there is a consensus in the retail industry for a long time that the supermarket should not own too much areas. Because if the number of target customers can’t reach the scale of the hypermarkets requirements, the hypermarkets can’t make profits or evenhas difficulties to maintain the normal operation. In addition, large investment always with huge risk, once the operation meets problems; the investors will suffer enormous losses. But Carrefour supports the idea that the large scale has its own advantages, it can let the merchants enjoy preferential price discount from large-scale purchasing so that it can reduce the purchase cost.Carrefour’s hypermarkets have a wide variety of commodities; this can let the customers buy almost all the articles for daily use. Thus, it can save the shopping time for customers and can meet the demands of people’s fast-paced working step in modern society. And the hypermarkets’wide shopping environment always makes customer feel comfortable. Furthermore, compared with other types of stores, hypermarkets also have a cost advantage in the use of employees, facilities and space.2.1.4. Carrefour Takes Localization StrategyCarrefour takes the localization strategy in order to occupy the Chinese market faster than its competitors. It breaks the routine centralized purchasing management system to give every branch stores part of the power. Thus every storefront can have some part of purchase and sales system, and the logistic time and cost can be reduced. All of this bring the enough time for the development of Carrefour.2.2 Weaknesses of CarrefourInternal weaknesses: Things that the business does badly or the problems that the business has at present.2.2.1There is loopholes in the process of quality controlIn today’s society, modern enterprise is no longer just a pure economic unit, but in a vast number of interconnected power networks. Carrefour’s “problem pork chops,”“fake LV bag,”“forged and fake commodity of Mao-tai,”caused everybody to pay more attention to the quality problems of commodity. From the view point of enterprise’s social responsibility, Carrefour has the problem of lacking responsibility in these incidents; it also shows the problems in the commodity’s quality management of Carrefour. Only under the multi-pronged combination of government’s regulation, enterprises’self-consciousness and self-discipline and customers monitoring, a safe business environment might be built up.2.2.2 Charge the Supplier High Entrance FeeCarrefour’s admission policy is what the Carrefour says “to earn interests from the upstream suppliers.” Usually if a company wants to enter Carrefour’s distribution channel, it is generally required to pay six kinds of fees which includes characteristic promotion activities, the privilege of entering the store and having the preferential access to the right of strong sales in store location, and the priority of involving the good marketing environment, holidays anddeveloping the market share. It is calculated that all kinds of entrance fees may reach 36% of the suppliers’ turnover in Carrefour. Relying on this supply strategy, Carrefour can replenish its stock with the lowest price all around the world and avoid the costs and risks of long-distance transportation. But it seems that this strategy is impracticable in China.Although local procurement reduces the costs for Carrefour, it also can bring some problems to Carrefour if it doesn’t take into account the existence of counterfeiting problems in China’s current commodity production. Carrefour overemphasizes on low-cost suppliers if it once looses the control of quality management, it would create the opportunity for the inferior products entering market. Once problems happened, although there is supply contact to ensure the direct economic benefits of Carrefour will not to be affected, it will bring negative impact to the reputation of Carrefour.2.3 Opportunities of CarrefourExternal opportunities: Directions that the business could profitably take in the future because of its internal strengths or because of the elimination of its weaknesses.2.3.1 Target Market is ClearThe development of domestic economy and the rapid progress of large and medium cities both point out the clear direction for the development and market positioning of Carrefour. 2.3.2 Restrictions Become RelaxChina has greatly relaxed the restrictions on foreign capital entrance into China. In China, the wholesale and retail industry has cancelled the restriction on the foreign investment proportion, quantity of stores and the locations of stores. This provides a favorable external environment for the further development and expansion of Carrefour.2.3.3 The Potential Market is HugeThe increase of urban residents’ income and consumer expenditure provide the possibility for the Carrefour’s development. China’s economy has entered a new period of development, with the increasing degree of the market and the growing of economy, the domestic demand will further expand, and the consumer policy and consumer environment will also have some changes, all these will have a tremendous promotion to the growth of consumption.C ompared with other countries the Chinese residents’ consumption rate is generally lower to 15%--20%, China belongs to the typical high savings, low-consumption countries. The average consumption rate of Chinese residents’has been lingered about 60% for many years, and the lower consumption rate has become a negative factor for the growth of economy. But in the long run, the urban resid ents’ consumption scale will maintain steady and rapid growth in China, and the residents’ consumption structure has been upgraded to the primarily stage of developmental consumption. And with the development of economy, urbanization, economicglobalization and the improvement of residents’ income level, it will have a large space to promote the consumption. It is expected that in the next 20 years, the consumption demand of urban and rural residents will continue to grow and will make great contributions to the economy increase.2.4. Threats of CarrefourExternal threats: Things that are likely to cause danger to the business or things that may arise and should be avoided or prevented in the future.Environment threat is a challenge which caused by the disadvantaged developing trends, if it doesn't adopt proper marketing activities, this kind of disadvantaged trends will erode the enterprise’s sales or interests.2.4.1 Market Competition is Much FiercerWith the further opening of Chinese retail industry, the competitors in market like Wal-Mart, Lotus Supercenter and Auchan etc which are the powerful international retail enterprises also hold sizable market share. This makes Carrefour encounter much fiercer competition to achieve further development.2.4.2 Carrefour Meets the Threat of Losing Suppliers or CustomersCarrefour charges supplier for high slotting allowance which makes the relationship with suppliers is relatively tight, even outbreak of the “slotting allowance storm”and so on. Carrefour is faced with the threat of loss of suppliers. Meanwhile, Carrefour pursues the low-cost strategy, but in order to compensate for the loss of profits caused by selling at low price, Carrefour demands benefits to suppliers, while the suppliers for their own profits only play tricks on the products, and this will form a vicious circle. Carrefour pursues the goods which may change from the low-cost and high-quality to low-priced and low-quality. Then it’s natural that the customers will complaint and the Carrefour will meets the threat of losing consumer loyalty.From the above, the developing status of Carrefour in Chinese market is the opportunities and threats coexisting. Under this status, improving the enterprise internal management, clearing the direction of enterprise’s development, being familiar with Chinese market environment and determining the enterprise's competitive advantage are the necessary methods for the enterprise to achieve long-term sustained and rapid development.In retail industry which has fierce competition, no one can become the inevitable overlord. The enterprise must constantly keep freshen and changing and monitor the market developing trends. Only on the bases of consolidating the currently owned market share, it can be possible to constantly open up new market space and win the reorganization of the market and finally realize the long-term objective of survival and development.3. STP Analysis of CarrefourSTP strategic analysis (Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning) was first used for products marketing activities and later expanded to other fields including the retail industry. STP strategy is an important part of the retail company’s overall marketing activities. Retail Company also has experienced a process of retail positioning, product positioning and reaching the positioning of marketing mix elements. Retail enterprise needs to solve the problem of selecting the position and how to realize the position. Market positioning strategy is very important for the retail company. Market position is unclear or lack of feasibility will make the retail business into chaos, thus affecting its market performance.3.1 Market Segmentation and Selection of Target MarketCarrefour hypermarkets regard the medium and large urban middle class families as target customers. The analysis report about Carrefour’s entering into China shows that the consumption structure of modern high-income people is similar with French’s in the 1960s. China’s largest consumer group is the new middle class with the annual revenue of 1500~3000 US dollars. They are high educated and easily to accept new things. This middle class people are the base of developing new customers for Carrefour. Carrefour hypermarkets’target customers mostly are the housewives who pay more attention to the value of goods and services. They are not only concerned about the price but also more focused on the cost performance.3.2 Market PositioningThe propaganda slogan of Carrefour is “happy shopping Carrefour”. And Carre four sets its business idea as: one-stop shopping, ultra-low price, fresh goods, self-service shopping and free parking. The comparative superiority of these five concepts is the combination of ultra-low price and fresh goods. The others are the common features of hypermarket. Carrefour sets the market position as the ultra-low price and letting the customers obtain greater value, and then realizes the purpose of “happy shopping Carrefour”.In fact, Carrefour takes flexible methods and makes great efforts to reach the anchor point of ultra-low price in China. For example, Carrefour established the Chinese commodity department in 2002. It can take unified management of the national brands so that to lower the purchase price. It also can force the suppliers cover more marketing expenses and greatly reduce the operational costs. Carrefour always executes promotion ultra-low price strategy on the price-sensitive goods which hold about 10% of total commodity. Meanwhile, Carrefour assigns employees on Thursday to inquire for the price of competitors and adjust its own price to a competitive low level in order to meet the weekend selling climax. Carrefour gets the favors of the customers on the respects of products and shopping environment. Somecustomers even say they buy goods in Carrefour does not because the low price but because the plentiful goods and comfortable shopping environment. There are more than 20,000 kinds of goods in Carrefour’s hypermarket in China. The hypermarket is always divided into two layers, one layer setting for daily non-food, one for the fresh products.4. Analysis of the Carrefour’s Marketing MixMarketing mix refers to those four elements (products, price, promotion, and place) of a firm’s marketing strategy which are designed to meet the needs of customers. These are often known as the “4Ps”. To meet the consumers’needs, business must produce the right product, at the right price, make it available at the right place, and let consumers know about it through right promotion.4.1 Product Strategy of CarrefourProduct means anything that can supply to market and satisfy people’s need and desire, including tangible products and invisible service. This thesis mainly analyses product strategy of Carrefour from the point of tangible products.4.1.1 Product PortfolioProduct portfolio is a series of particular products that sellers award buyers, which includes the entire product line and product project. “One-stop shopping”is one of the management ideas of Carrefour, and only efficient product portfolio can let consumers have a vaster selecting spa ce and have the possibility of “One-stop shopping”. Whether in any branch of Carrefour, people can see a large scale of business community which includes diet, leisure, entertainment, service, and shopping.Meanwhile, Carrefour also develops its own brands actively to enrich its portfolio, mainly including four categories of hundreds of private brand such as food, groceries, daily provisions and clothing. Carrefour’s tenet is “try every possible means to make customers easily find a cheapie”.4.1.2 Product ProcurementIn order to provide consumers with goods which have super quality and competitive price, Carrefour group established the global procurement network. Carrefour global sourcing headquarters was formally settled in Shanghai, China in September1, 2002. After well understanding new technology exchange, market trends and business information, Carrefour’s purpose is to promote the production of Chinese enterprises and its global sales network at the same time. Nowadays, China has become an important part of Carrefour’s global sourcing. With China’s further releasing its limit on the quota of exporting goods in terms of light industry, textile industry and high-profitable industry, the purchasing amount of Carrefour in China will be greatly increasing.4.1.3 Display of ProductsCarrefour racks brains to pounce product display in stores. In order to give customers more convenience to buy their goods, Carrefour purposely set various sales areas. The layout of Carrefour products are: appliances, clothing and so on, are put on the up layer and food is put on the next layer. Moreover, entry will usually leads directly to the second floor, into layer by layer customers via the cashier, finally leave the supermarket. Carrefour management idea is “one-stop shopping, self-service, fresh quality”through its unique products on display management carried out and implementation.4.1.4 Product Quality ManagementCarrefour knows, only the product quality is the hard truth. Carrefour strictly controls product sources and the quality of supplier stock. For Carrefour, fresh quality is the source of life. Putting the products with the shortest quality guarantee period on the front of the shelf is Carrefou r’s policy and arrangement.4.2 Pricing Strategy of CarrefourThe pricing policy that a business chooses is often a reflection of the market at which it is aiming. Setting the right price must take into account production costs, competitor’s prices and consumers’ purchase ability and demand level.The price is the important factor that influences consumer’s purchase behavior. So as one of the basic means of business transaction between hypermarkets and customers, the commodity price and profits are directly related.With the arrival of the meager profit time, the hypermarkets generally pursue the style of small profits but quick turnover and its ultimate purpose is to maximize sales. Low cost of pursuit is in a popular style “small profits but quick turnover”. Then the price strategy becomes one of the main tools to earn profit for hypermarkets.Generally speaking, in order to assess their effectiveness of price strategy, hypermarkets will study the customer’s purchasing behavior from consumers’ annual con sumption and shopping psychology so that they can use the price strategy to get a unique result. Carrefour develops a very complex pricing management system process to realize ultra-low price of the basic business strategy. For example, in view of the degree of competition for different cities and spending habits, Carrefour develops a different price elasticity index, and sensitive commodity classification standard, and makes different survey frequencies on the competition according to different categories of goods, thus to ensure the stores’ image of the ultra-low price in the business circle. Starting from the low price strategy, Carrefour stores take various channels to achieve ultra-low price. Considering of customer’s needs, cost of goods procurement, competitor’s pricing strategy, and the characteristics of products,Carrefour conducts comprehensive analysis and takes appropriate pricing strategy. In practice, Carrefour uses a large number of sales, lower procurement costs, promotional price and is in conjunction with a high turnover rate of low price strategy to attract customers. Ultra-low price strategy has been the survival of magic weapon for Carrefour. Carrefour always has about 10% of low-priced goods; however these products have promoted sales of the other 90% normal-priced merchandise. These low-priced commodities are mainly daily cosmetics, food and beverage with the features of low profits, high consuming frequency and large quantity purchasing. And, low-price is lower than the normal price by 10%---20%. Carrefour also takes some special low-cost strategies in the stores anniversary and festivals.4.2 .1 Study of the guarantee of implementing the ultra-low price strategyCarrefour is able to guarantee the implementation of ultra-low prices, mainly because of the following reasons:4.2.1.1 Large-scale OperationAs the founder of hypermarket format, Carrefour adopts large-scale mode of operation. Each of hypermarkets is in the area of 5000 square meters, with more than 15,000 kinds of items. In this interval, it is easier to achieve scale effect; the commodity pricing gross margin is higher by 14%---25%, so before reaching the gross margin, the reducing space of the price is larger than other retailers. This is the guarantee of low-priced strategy for Carrefour.4.2.1.2 Flourishing Business EnvironmentCarrefour hypermarkets are generally located in flourishing business quarter. These areas are densely populated, and the target customers’consumption level is higher, which provides adequate space for its low price st rategy. On the one hand, people’s consumption level is higher; they can afford higher prices, so the normal price of most commodities are not difficult to be accepted. On the other hand, Carrefour setting part of the goods’ price obviously lower will make customers feels significant difference. In such a basis, Carrefour also ensures its own interests.4.2.1.3 Commodity Sensitivity ProblemUltra-low price does not mean that all goods are in low price. In Carrefour hypermarket, some commodities’prices will be relatively higher compared with similar stores, but the impression of Carr efour to the customer is still “low price”, which involves the issue of commodity sensitivity. The sensitivity of consumer goods determines the price changes, the level of gross margin. Generally, less sensitive items’ (Frozen fish, dry goods, etc.) prices and margins are high; in this situation high price means high profit. While the common sensitive items (meat, eggs, and vegetables, etc.) have low prices and margins, Carrefour always prices。
长春2023-2024学年第一学期月考考试高二年级英语试卷（答案在最后）第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力(共20小题，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the woman do this evening?A.Have dinner with Mike.B.Go out with her parents.C.Stay at home with her brother.2.How does the woman keep in touch with her family?A.By making phone calls.B.By sending postcards.C.By using the Internet.3.What did the man buy?A.Green tea.B.Orange juice.C.Hot chocolate.4.What does the woman ask the man to do?A.Move some boxes.B.Make a phone call.C.Drive a car.5.Why is the man talking to the woman?A.To take out insurance.B.To describe his illness.C.To make an appointment.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
2013考研英语（二）真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in comingAlthough electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,”In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage”refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced”long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family“Personally, I don’t like quotas,”Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.”Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ”is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has 60 a week to spend, 40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning 130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a littlegreengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350gof shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in thesupermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's notgood enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planningahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do avegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soonyou'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often thannot, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - 1.75 a week for threemonths gives you 21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus. It's 16.95 there - or 12.99 for a large pizza fromDomino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming”instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET .试题解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】A(However)【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
第一部分必修第一册UNIT 2Ⅰ．阅读理解A(2021·潍坊市高三阶段性监测)Earlier this year, we asked our readers to vote for their favorite children’s museums. Shortly after announcing the winners, these museums had to close their doors to help protect their communities from the spread of COVID19． But they also bring some of their programming online.The Magic House/St. Louis, MissouriThe folks at The Magic House in St. Louis are sharing their expertise through their Magic at Home series. Each edition features a project that kids and their parents can do with household materials, like making a banjo or animal figures.City Museum/St. Louis, MissouriWhile City Museum is closed to visitors, the museum staff, artists and historians have launched City Museum on Air. This series takes place each weekday with an eclectic lineup of programming—everything from free art classes, storytelling sessions and museum tours at upcoming exhibits.Kohl Children’s Museum/Glenview, IllinoisThis winning children’s museum calls itself “The place where awesomeness lives”，and wouldbe visitors can bring that awesomeness into the home through its library of online teaching resources, story time sessions and “Home Zone” projects. Kids can learn how to fold paper airplanes, learn about the physics of wheels or make their own recycled paper.1．What results in the closing of children’s museums?A．The spreading of a disease.B．The decrease of wouldbe visitors.C．The readers’ votes on museums.D．The development of digital programming.2．When is online programming of City Museum accessible?A．At weekends. B．At any time.C．On weekdays. D．On holidays.3．What do The Magic House and Kohl Children’s Museum have in common?A．Stressing handson experience.B．Demonstrating how wheels work.C．Offering storytelling courses.D．Teaching how to copy animal figures.【语篇导读】受新冠疫情的影响，一些从投票中获胜的儿童博物馆不得不关上大门。
2013考研英语（二）真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,”In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple pathsand multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage”refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estateagents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced”long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Lastyear, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,”Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.”Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ”is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ?60 a week to spend, ?40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ?130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a littlegreengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350gof shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in thesupermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's notgood enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planningahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do avegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soonyou'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often thannot, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ?1.75 a week for threemonths gives you ?21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus. It's ?16.95 there - or ?12.99 for a large pizza fromDomino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming”instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET .试题解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】A(However)【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
