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英语句子成分和结构分析句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语主语和宾语一般是名词，谓语是动词。
拿到一个句子以后，首先找到里面的动词，即是谓语，谓语左右两边的名词分别是主语和宾语。
I saw a film yesterday.主谓宾一．主语：一般是名词A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.I don’t know if it will grow.One of them is English.To win the game is difficult.二. 谓语:一般是动词I saw a girl. I love you. You should work hard. You had better take a bus. He is a handsome boy.That is a beautiful flower. This is my book.I have a lot of things to do.五．状语：一般有介词to表示目的，in, on, under 等表示方位He is playing under the tree.（地点）Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.(时间) The house is dir ty for the reason that he didn’t clean it.(原因)He buys a gift to make her happy.（目地）If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you. （条件）六.表语：系动词（be动词，感官动词和变化类动词turn，get, become）之后的都叫表语These desks are yellow.We are happy now. It sounds good.It smells nice. Tom is a handsome boy句子结构(S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语) 一．S十V主谓结构I swim.主谓They listened carefully．My homework has finished.二．S十V十O主谓宾结构I saw a film yesterday.主谓宾They found their home easily .They have taken good care of the children．三．S十V十F主系表结构（系动词）He is old.主系动表语The story sounds interesting.主系动词表语The desk feels hard He becomes a teacher．The trees turn yellow in the autumn.四．S十V十IO十DO主谓加间接宾语加直接宾语结构He gave me a book.主谓间宾直宾He brought me a pen. He offered me his seat He got me a chair五．S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构）They made the girl angry.主谓宾宾补angry是对the girl的补充说明They found her happy that day．I saw him in.I heard the glass broken just now.句子成分练习题( 一)(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB.didC. whomD. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语1.My brother hasn't done his homework.2. People all over the world speak English.3.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.4.How many new words did you learn last class?5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7.They made him monitor of the class.8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.9.You will find it useful after you leave school.10.They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.(四) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.(五) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.② What is your given name?③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①She likes the children to read newspapers and books.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?(七) 挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?句子成分练习题( 二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1. Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4. The nursery takes good care of our children .5. I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .6. The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .7. There are many film that I’d like to see.8. Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?9. I have a lot of work to do .10.We can send a car over to fetch you .11.She had to work standing up .12.Seeing this ,some comrades became veryworried .13.The bus arrived ten minutes late .14.Some farmers saw something strange in thesky .15.We think it necessary that everyone shouldattend the meeting .16.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .17.It was in the library that I come today .18.He likes drawing at times when he isn’tworking .19.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock thedoor.。
英语句子成分结构详解除there be句型外，英语的简单句概括起来有七种基本句型：主-------------------------动(SV) ：Everybody laughed.主--------------------------动----------补/表(SVC) ：The man is an artist.主--------------------------动----------宾(SVO) ：He studies English.主--------------------------动----------宾--------宾(SVoO) ：I sent him a telegram.主--------------------------动----------宾---------补(SVOC)：His father will make him a doctor.主--------------------------动-----------------------状(SV A) ：He will be flying to Shanghai.主--------------------------动-----------宾---------状(SVOA) ：She treated me friendly.一、英语语句基本结构分析：>> 主谓宾结构：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等例：The boy needs a pen.主语the boy，谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式)，宾语a pen. >> 主系表结构：主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。
英语句子成分结构详解定语 | 状语 | 宾语 | 补语 | 同位语 | 独立成分 | 分词独立结构一、英语语句基本结构分析：>> 主谓宾结构：主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。
主语一般在句首。
注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等例：The boy needs a pen.主语the boy，谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式)，宾语a pen.>> 主系表结构：主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。
联系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am,is,are,was,were,have been)；其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变。
其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。
表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。
可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。
当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达‘转变为’之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。
感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩）/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy>> There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。
这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。
）/前一个there 无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语句子成分一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
1）主语subject主语是一个句子的主体，是全句叙述的对象，是句子要说明的人或事物，即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任，一般位于句首。
The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Yours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2）谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的动作或状态，常由动词担任，一般位于主语之后。
谓语有时态和语态的变化，且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I love you. You hate me. You hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3）宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象，是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。
常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任，一般位于谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】：某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。
英语句子成分划分详解主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。
它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。
如：我看书。
谁看书？“我”。
“我”就是这句子的主语。
主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。
（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。
The sun （rises）in the east. （名词）He likes （dance）. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)（See） is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。
它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。
如上句中主语“我”干什么？“看书”。
“看书”就是谓语。
一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主语）。
再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。
如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。
谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。
句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。
谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.He is asleep.宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。
如：还说上例。
谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。
需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。
英语句子的基本成分和句型一、要弄清楚英语句子的结构，我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分，即句子的成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。
1、主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，通常位于句首。
.My father likes to play football.Yangjiang is a beautiful city.2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态的.谓语有两种形式:动词型和系表型He ofen watches TV at home..My room is big and clean.3、宾语：表示谓语所涉及的对象.一般跟在动词和介词后面。
I will write 100 books.He makes full use of his spare time to study.4、表语：连系动词后的句子成分，表示主语的状态和特征。
They are good students.Her mother looks very young.1）状态系动词, 如be.(am,is are,was,were,being,been)2）感官系动词, 如look，feel, smell, sound, taste。
3）变化系动词, 如become, grow, turn, fall, get, go。
4）持续系动词, 如keep, remain, stay。
5）表像系动词, 如seem, appear。
5、定语：它是用来限定或修饰名词或代词的.I have a new book.I want to tell you something important.6、状语：它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。
The girl is walking slowly.These books are very useful./They worked rather hard.Fortunately,we passed the exam in the end.7、补语：补充说明句中的宾语的，(补语和宾语的关系等于谓语和主语的关系) He made me laugh.We should keep the classroom clean.8、同位语：把一个名词、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者的性质或情况，We Chinese people love peace.Miss Huang our English teacher is having a lesson.二、简单句的五种基本句型：1、主语+谓语(不及物动词)如：They are sleeping.The sun rises in the east.注意：不及物动词（vi）指意思完整，不需要或不能直接带宾语，若带宾语需加介词或副词。
第一章简单句一、简单句（simple sentence）：是基础句型,只有包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。
有五种基本结构：“主语+谓语（SV）”、“主语+谓语+主语补语（SVC)”、“主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）"、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语（SVOO）”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语（SVOC）"等五种基本结构。
其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成.1、“主语+谓语（SV）”结构，简称为主谓结构，谓语是不及物动词。
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等，如：（1）、Day│ broke. 天亮了（2）、Things │change。
事物是变化的.（3）、The moon│rose.月亮升起来了。
(4）、They│are running very slowly。
他们跑得很慢2、“主语+谓语+主语补语(SVC）”结构，简称为主谓补结构。
“主语+连系动词+表语（SLP）"句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
这类动词叫做连系动词。
系动词分两类：be, look, keep， seem等属一类，表示情况；get， grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化.be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用，其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如：（5）、He │died│ young。
他年轻时就死了.（6）、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特（7)、This│is│an English—Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
(8）、The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好.3、“主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）"结构,可简称为主、谓、宾结构，其谓语一般是及物动词,宾语多是直接宾语.此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
第一章句子成分和简单句基本句型一、句子成分构成篇章的基本单位是句子，组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分都是由单词、短语或从句充其中，主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。
其他成分如定语和状语是句子的修饰部分。
二、充当句子成分的各种形式主语:主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来担任。
1.名词All efforts will be in vain if we can’t learn English by practicing repeatedly.如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。
2.数词Two thirds of them can play more than one musical instrument.他们中有2/3的人不只能演奏一种乐器。
3.代词Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？4.不定式To see is to believe.眼见为实It’s an honor to make a speech here. 在这里发言我很荣幸。
5.动名词In my opinion, cloning should be dealt with carefully. 我认为应该慎重对待克隆。
6.名词化的形容词或分词The old should be respected.老人因该受到尊重。
The disabled will receive more money. 残疾人会收到更多的钱。
7.名词性短语The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.老师和同学们要去参观博物馆。
8.主语从句What he said didn’t agree with what he did. 他的言行不一。
主语从句常使用it 作形式主语。
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。
考查对句中主语的确定【技巧点拨】1．对句中主语的考查通常出现在强调句型中，即“ It is/ was + 主语（强调部分）+ that+谓语部分”。
注意充当主语的应该是名词、代词、名词性词组或名词性从句。
动词原形，介词词组或一个具有完整意义但缺少连词的简单句都是不能充当主语的。
2.句中的主语直接决定了谓语动词的单复数。
对主语的确定不能被一些表象所迷惑。
尤其要能辨识下面这种现象，即当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, together with, like ,but, except, in addition to 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。
It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.A. to have playedB. playingC. playedD. having played【答案与解析】 B 该句是一个强调句型，强调部分是句子的主语成分，所以用动名词充当。
注意having done 这种结构通常在句中做句首状语，表明其动作发生在谓语动词之前。
【举一反三】41.—What made him so angry? —____.A. Because his son lied to himB. His son lied to himC. Because of his son’s lieD. His son’s lying to him2. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,____ visit Beijing this summer. ( 09·陕西)A. is going toB. are going toC. was going toD. were going to3. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where___ yet.(07·浙江)A. hasn’t been decidedB. haven’t decidedC. isn’t being decidedD. aren’t decided反馈训练1 改正下列句子中的错误。
1. China is no longer what used to be.2. His son was missing in the earthquake made him very anxious.3. There was an accident happened to him.4. Those came to see me that afternoon are some friends of mine.5. Without a friend will feel lonely.6. Large quantities of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods7. It is important for us cooperating with each other; otherwise, we will never accomplish the aim.谓语谓语是构成句子的最主要成分之一，谓语由动词来担任。
谓语的中心词有人称、数、语气、语态和时态的变化。
如：1. She speaks English fluently. 她的英语讲得很流利。
2. Linda worked in the company for two years. 琳达在那个公司工作过两年。
3. Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.4.You are sincerely invited to a party to be given at the Teachers’ Club.5. Make sure to form the habit of turning off the electric facilities whenever you leave the classroom.6. The teacher insisted that we (should) use an English- English dictionary.反馈训练2 改正下列句子中的错误。
1. He against your plan.2. A week past before his letter arrived.3. I watched him until he was disappeared from sight in the distance.4. The economic crisis worsening in some countries.5. The professor has come to China for five years.6. Because he was seriously ill, he laid in bed waiting for the doctor to come.7. Pollution effects more people living in today's society than it did in previous years.8. The film started for fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema.9. If he knew the answer, he will tell me.10. Waiting outside until you are asked.宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式和宾语从句充当，和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
如：1.名词She has a very pleasant smile and always has a twinkle in her eyes. 她笑得很灿烂，总是闪烁着那双大眼睛。
2.代词Please wake me up at six tomorrow morning. 请明天早上六点叫醒我。
3.数词I need three more. 我还需要三个。
4.同源宾语She dreamt a sweet dream. 她做了个美梦。
5.动名词短语He doesn’t allow smoking in his office. 他不允许在他办公室里吸烟。
6.动词不定式短语I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. 我本打算告诉你，但我忘记了。
7.疑问词+不定式We haven’t decided where to meet. 我们没有决定在那见面。
8.宾语从句No one can deny that smoking leads to cancer. 没有人能否认吸烟能致癌的事实。
We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.我们以为他们会理所当然地接受这项建议。
宾语补足语:有些动词除有宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,句子意义才能完整。
所以宾语补足语说明宾语是什么、做什么、处于什么状态的成分，其逻辑主语为句子的宾语。
根据宾语和宾补在逻辑上存在的主谓（主动）或动宾（被动）关系，选用不同的非谓语动词形式作宾补。
宾语与宾补一起构成复合宾语。
一．常用的复合宾语结构为：主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语，其中宾语补足语可由下列形式充当。
1.名词They all made him monitor. 我们都选他当班长。
2.形容词After-class activities will not only make our school life colorful, but also improve our learning.课外活动不仅让我们的学校生活丰富多彩，还能够提高我们的学习。
