录
附
一、北欧神话中主神奥丁的形象：
二、奥丁在法尔哈拉宫宴请英灵的场景：
论北欧神话中的生死意境——北欧神话中诗性·神性·人性的
历史-文本解读
作者：仇春燕
学位授予单位：东北师范大学
1.宋晓梅.SONG Xiao-mei略论北欧地区的神话[期刊论文]-内蒙古大学学报（人文社会科学版）2007,39(3)
2.朱鹏北欧神话的起源及它的现代的影响[学位论文]2010
3.刘双.LIU Shuang生存与神话——北欧神话体系形成发展分析[期刊论文]-绵阳师范学院学报2008,27(10)
4.于晓蕾风靡全球的北欧神话——瑞典伊莱克斯[期刊论文]-家电科技2009,268(4)
5.姜明文探寻北欧神话的“维金精神”意蕴[学位论文]2005
6.牛东霞8-11世纪诺曼人的战争和贸易——以出土的维京时代银币为例[学位论文]2009
7.黄曦奇幻文学《魔兽正史》的原型批评[期刊论文]-中国科教创新导刊2009(17)
引用本文格式：仇春燕论北欧神话中的生死意境——北欧神话中诗性·神性·人性的历史-文本解读[学位论文]硕士2007
中南民族大学
硕士学位论文
清朝讼师研究
姓名：修云福
申请学位级别：硕士
专业：专门史
指导教师：余和祥;王延武
20050524
摘 要
清朝讼师作为一种社会存在，却处于被主流社会在政治和道德上双重拒绝的境地。清朝社会对讼师的非难主要体现在以下两个层面：《大清律例》明文规定、设立官代书，从政治层面对讼师作出禁止性规定；地方长官、涉讼当事人以及一般文人对讼师则从道德层面进行价值批判。
对讼师的非难主要原因在于政治体制、司法体制与讼师的不兼容性和传统伦理观对讼师的排斥。但讼师在清朝社会仍然以其顽强的品质不绝于世，清朝社会的“健讼之风”便表明了其存在空间。
讼师之所以禁而不止，与清朝社会经济关系的变迁、封建宗族束缚的减弱及个人意识的萌芽等有极大关系，更由于讼师本身的特质满足了民间讼事的需要，使得讼师不仅没有跟清王朝一起崩溃，还延续到了近代社会。
本文除了拟从历史学方面探讨讼师存在的空间及其原因之外，还试图对讼师作出社会学角度的解析——主要运用西方功能主义理论探讨讼师运行的隐机制。笔者认为：讼师除了在诉讼过程中发挥着封建法学意义上的功能之外，还存在着一种不为人所注意的隐功能，即不仅参与了清朝司法体系的运作，维护了封建司法秩序，也维护了封建社会经济等级秩序、政治权力分配秩序，而且对传统伦理道德的维护和巩固发挥了重要的隐功能。综上分析，讼师在一定意义上延缓了清朝司法体系崩溃的步伐，发挥着清朝社会安全阀的作用。当然由于清朝封建集权的高度发达，社会经济、政治、文化等制度已经不能适应日益发展的经济需要，讼师也不能从根本上改变这个时代日趋僵化、腐朽的司法制度，其自身也不可能自发的走入现代诉讼体系。
本文在结合社会学分析方法对清朝讼师作出一定的研究之后，在结语部分对本文做了一个概括。最后，作者认为，从讼师作为一种司法介入途径推而广之，表明一个社会司法体系总是需要一种或者几种介入途径，这种介入途径的合法化、合理化对社会的持续发展具有一定的积极意义。
关键词：清朝 讼师 社会地位 隐机制
Abstract
As one social being, Legal pettifogger were refused by politics and morals of Qing Dynasty, and these reflects on two following aspects mainly: DAQINGLVLIi and setting up the especial officer on political aspect; local authority, Lawsuit party and general scholar on moral aspect. Blaming legal pettifogger mainly lies in political system, judicature mechanism, and traditional ethics. But the legal pettifogger still existed without cease in generation with its dogged quality in the society in Qing Dynasty, " strong in wind that bring a case to court " indicate their store in the society.
The reason which Legal pettifogger exist in the society in spit of forbidding have great relations with social economic changes, feudal subside and personal rudiment of consciousness that clan fetter of relation, etc. in Qing Dynasty, because the legal pettifogger's own specialty has met demands of folk lawsuit even more, and made the legal pettifogger not merely collapse with Qing Dynasty, had not still extended to the modern society.
This article don’t only probe into the space that legal pettifogger exist and his outside the reason from history respect , still attempt to make the analysis of the sociology angle to the legal pettifogger and using the western functionalism theory to probe into the latent mechanism that a legal pettifogger operated mainly. I think except legal pettifogger ware giving play to the function in the feudal law science meaning in the course of lawsuit, also they existed one latent function, participating in Qing Dynasty judicial operation of system, maintaining the feudal judicial orders, safeguarding the order of economic grade of the feudal society and political rights to distribute the order too, and the maintenance and consolidating the important latent function of the traditional ethics.
Legal pettifogger delayed Qing Dynasty judicial system paces to collapse, and gave play to the role of relief valve of the society of Qing Dynasty. Certainly, because feudal centralization of state power of Qing Dynasty was highly developed, such systems as social economy , politics , culture ,etc. couldn't already meet the needs of growing economy , the legal pettifogger couldn't change the more rigid , more moribund judicial system of this era fundamentally either, and it couldn’t enter into the modern lawsuit system spontaneously either.
This text was combining the sociology analytical method to make certain research on the legal pettifogger of Qing Dynasty. Finally, I think, getting involved in the way from the legal pettifogger in the same way as a kind of administration of justice, have indicated a social judicial system always needs one or several kinds of ways of getting involved, this kind which getting involved in legal way, have certain impetuses to the sustainable development of the society rationalization.
Key words：Qing Dynasty Legal pettifogger Social status Latent mechanism
