高考——英语语法总复习
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高考总复习——英语必考语法汇总 虚 拟 语 气 1） 概念 表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等。可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句,非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况.通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 2）虚拟语气的使用范围 主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。 3）法则：“后退一步法” 从句：①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句：用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。 例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out. 4）If虚拟语气的具体分析： 1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的用动词的过去式(或were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 1) If places ______ a like, there would be little need for geographers(地理学家).（are） 2) If I _____ the meaning of the word, I wouldn't have to look it up.(know) 2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句用过去完成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him, A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned C) would telephone D) had telephoned 3. 表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用动词过去式/were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。 Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often. (get) 4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句 if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。（这种结构在口语中很少使用）。 Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams. (get through) 5）宾语从句中的虚拟语气 一、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气。按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。 二、表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成 三、would rather ＋从句,在这种结构中，从句的位于动词用过去形式表示虚拟。 6）主语从句中的虚拟语气 一、It be + 形容词 + that ．．．（should）．．． 二、It be + 过去分词 + that ．．．（should）．．．． 三、It is time（about time， high time）that ．．．（过去式动词形式或should＋动词原形）．．．． 7）表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在suggestion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， decision等表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用：should＋原形动词。
翻译练习 1. Why is she looking at me （像是她认识我似的）? Ihave never seen her before in my life. 2. I avoided mentioning the sensitive subject lest (触犯他)。 3.But for his wife’s help, he _________________（是不会成功的） 4. ______________（要不是因为我生病了）, I would have lent him a helping hand. 5. We are all for your proposal that _____________________（延迟讨论）. 6. we did not know his phone number, ______________ （否则我们会给他打电话的）. 倒 装 倒装结构分为全部倒装和部分倒装。所谓全部倒装是指整个谓语部分放在主语前面；而部分倒装是指谓语的一部分（情态动词或助动词）放在主语之前。 如：now comes the chance. has he come? 一：表示地点、方向和时间的副词或者介词放在句首时，句子要全部倒装。这些词有：here, there, up, down, out, away, now, then, There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat. In each room are ten students. 注意：在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中，且谓语是come, go, be等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语不须倒装。例如： Now, here goes the story. There he comes. Away they hurried. 他们急忙走开了。 二：当含有否定意义的词或短语放在句首时，要用部分倒装。这类词包括：not, never, neither, seldom, little, nowhere, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no longer, not until, at no time, by no means, on no account, in no case, under no circumstances, on no account, not only … but also…。 Nowhere in the world can you find a man who loves you so much. Not until he came back did I leave. (注意：只能是主句的主谓倒装) On no account will the manager tolerate rudeness from his employees. 三： as +adj. / adv. 以及“to such a degree, to such an extent, to such a point.”放在句首， 表示程度，句子要倒装。 To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire. So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep. 四：虚拟语气中，省去if 后， 从句需要倒装。 五：“only + 状语”放在句首时，句子需要倒装。 Only by working hard can you achieve your goal. Only in this way can we solve this problem successfully and effectively. 六： 由as 或though 引导的让步状语从句有时也用倒装句，即把表语或部分谓语提前。 Patient though / as he was, he was unwilling to wait three hours. Child as / though he was, he had a good command of English. Try as he might, he couldn’t the box. 七.： so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，作“确实如此”讲要用正常语序。 He went to the film last night, so did I. 他昨天晚上去看电影了，我也去了。 His mother told him to go to the film, so he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了。 “he is a tall thin man.” “so he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “确实如此。” 翻译练习： 1. Only by working at evenings and weekeds________________ (他才能完成报告) by the deadline. 2. Not until Alice had a baby of her own （她才了解）how hard it was for her mother to have brought up her sister and her on her own.。 3. Scarcely _______________ (她看见报纸上的广告)when
