有机化学专业英语词汇(精)acetal 醛缩醇-ene 烯acetal- 乙酰epi- 表acid 酸epoxy- 环氧-al 醛-ester 酯alcohol 醇-ether 醚-aldehyde 醛ethoxy- 乙氧基alkali- 碱ethyl 乙基allyl 烯丙基[propenyl(丙烯基)]alkoxy- 烷氧基fluoro- 氟代-amide 酰胺form 仿amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-glycol 二醇-amine 胺-ane 烷hemi- 半anhydride 酐hendeca- 十一anilino- 苯胺基hepta- 七aquo- 含水的heptadeca-十七-ase 酶hexa- 六-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯hexadeca- 十六-atriyne 三炔-hydrin 醇azo- 偶氮hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基benzene苯hypo- 低级的，次bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐hyper- 高级的，高bis- 双-borane 硼烷-ic 酸的，高价金属bromo- 溴-ide 无氧酸的盐，酰替胺，酐butyl 丁基-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺-carbinol 甲醇iodine 碘carbonyl 羰基iodo- 碘代-carboxylic acid 羧酸-2centi- 10chloro- 氯代i so- 异，等，同-ite 亚酸盐cis- 顺式keto- 酮condensed缩合的、冷凝的ketone 酮cyclo- 环-lactone 内酯deca- 十-1 deci 106 mega- 10-dine 啶meta- 间，偏dodeca- 十二methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基1-6micro- 10-3milli- 10ter- 三mono- ( mon-) 一，单tetra- 四-9 nano- 10 tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个nitro- 硝基thio- 硫代nitroso- 亚硝基trans- 反式，超，跨nona- 九thio- 硫代nonadeca-十九tri- 三trideca- 十三octa- 八tris- 三个octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的undeca- 十一-ol 醇uni- 单，一-one 酮unsym- 不对称的，偏位ortho- 邻，正，原-ous 亚酸的，低价金属-yl 基oxa- 氧杂-ylene 撑(二价基，价在不同原子上) -oxide 氧化合物-yne 炔-oxime 肟oxo- 酮organic compounds 有机化合物oxy- 氧化compounds of carbon 碳化合物-oyl 酰hydrocarbons and their derivatives碳氢化合物及其衍生物para- 对位，仲organic chemistry 有机化学penta- 五structure of molecule 分子结构pentadeca-十五chemical bond 化学键per- 高，过covalent bond 共价键petro- 石油hybrid orbital 杂化轨道phenol 苯酚bond length 键长phenyl 苯基-12 pico- 10 bond angle 键角bond energy键能poly- 聚，多polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能quadri- 四constitution 构造quinque- 五contiguration 构型conformation 构象semi- 半stereochemistry立体化学septi- 七tetrahedral正四面体sesqui 一个半cis-顺sulfa- 磺胺trans-反sym- 对称isomerism 同分异构现象syn- 顺式，同，共isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构2constitutional isomer 构造异构Common ring 普通环structural formula 结构式Medium rimg 中环octet八隅体Large ring 大环perspective 透视式Bridged-ring system 桥环体系eclipsed conformation重叠式构象Spiro compound 螺环化合物staggered conformation交叉式构象Helical molecule 螺旋型分子newman projection纽曼投影式Octahedral compound 八面体化合物functional group 官能团Conjugation 共轭chain compoud 链状化合物Conjugated-system 共轭体系carbocyclic compound碳环化合物Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子互作用Ketyl radical 羰自由基van derWaals forces范德华力Radical ion 自由基离子hydrogenbonding 氢键Radical cation 自由基正离子dipolemoment 偶极矩Radical anion 自由基负离子electronegativity 电负性Isomerism 异构[现象]physical property物理性质Aci form 酸式melting point 熔点Fluxional structure 循变结构boiling point 沸点Stereochemistry 立体化学reaction mechanism反应机理Optical activity 光学活性homolysis 均裂Dextro isomer 右旋异构体free redical自由基Laevo isomer 左旋异构体heterolysis异裂Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型ionic type 离子型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] electrophilic reagent亲电试剂Asymmetric atom 不对称原子electrophilic reaction 亲电反应Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂Pseudoasymmetric carbon假不对称碳nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Phantom atom 虚拟原子英文名汉文名Homotopic 等位[的] Angular methyl group 角甲基Heterotopic 异位[的] Alkylidene group 亚烷基Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Allyl group 烯丙基Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Allylic 烯丙型[的]Configuration 构型Phenyl group 苯基Absolute configuration 绝对构型Aryl group 芳基Chirality 手性Benzyl group 苄基Chiral 手性[的] Benzylic 苄型[的] Chiral center 手性中心Activating group 活化基团Chiral molecule 手性分子Chromophore 生色团Achiral 非手性[的] Auxochrome 助色团Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向Neoman projection 纽曼投影式异性基团D-L system of nomenclature D-L 命名Smally ring 小环体系3R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象系Steric effect 空间效应Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence顺序规则Steric hindrance 位阻Symmetry factor 对称因素Atropismer 阻转异构体Plane of symmetry 对称面Puckered ring 折叠环Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Conformational inversion 构象反转Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Chair conformation 椅型构象Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Boat conformation 船型构象Epimer 差向异构体Twist conformation 扭型构象Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Erythro configuration 赤型构型Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Pseudorotation 假旋转Threo configuration 苏型构型Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Threo isomer 苏型异构体Axial bond 直[立]键Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构Cisoid conformation 顺向构象E isomer E异构体Transoid conformation 反向构象Z isomer Z 异构体Retention of configuration 构型保持Endo isomer 内型异构体Regioselectivity 区域选择性Exo isomer 外型异构体Regiospecificity 区域专一性Prochirality 前手性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Pro-R group 前R 基团Stereospecificty 立体专一性Pro-S proup 前S基团Conformer 构象异构体Re face Re面Conformational effect 构象效应Si face Si面Cram’s rube克拉姆规则Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Prelog ’ru普l e 雷洛格规则Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学] Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶取向液Conformational transmission 构象传递Meso compound 内消旋化合物Homolog 同系物Quasi recemate准外消旋体Ipso position 本位Conformation 构象Ortho position 邻位Conformational 构象分析Meta position 间位Torsion angle 扭转角Para position 对位Rotamer 旋转异构体Amphi position 远位Anti conformation 反式构象Peri position 近位Bisecting conformation 等分构象Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Valence bond method 价键法Synclinal conformation 反错构象Delocalezed bond 离域键Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Vinylog 插烯物Gauche conformation, skew Mesomeric effect 中介效应con-formation 邻位交叉构象Resonance共振4Resonance effect共振效应Ambident 两可[的] Hyperconjugation 超共轭Solvent effect 溶剂效应Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂No-bond resonance无键共振Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Aromaticity 芳香性Dielectric constant 介电常数Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Huckel ’rule休克尔规则Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流反应Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Conjugate base共轭酸Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Conjugate base共轭碱Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Electron donof-acceptorPericyclic reaction 周环反应complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]络合物重排Host 主体Conrotatory 顺旋Guest 客体Disroatatory 对旋Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Cycloaddition 环加成Secondary isotope effect二级同位数效Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻应反应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Kinetic control 动力学控制Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Substrate 底物Leois structure 路易斯结构Intermediate 中间体Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Banana bond 香蕉键Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说负性标度Linear free energy 线性自由能Polarizability 可极化性Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Inductive effect 诱导效应Torsional effect 扭转效应Field effect 场效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Electrical effect 电场效应Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转tautomerism 互变异构Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Tautomerization 互变异构化Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异Small-angle strain 小角张力构Large angle strain 大角张力Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用构Transannular strain 跨环张力Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺I strain 内张力互变异构 F strain 前张力Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异 B strain 后张力构Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转5π-allyl complex mechanism 烯丙π型络Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转合机理Isoracemization 等消旋Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homochiral 纯手性[的] Homolysis 均裂Mechanism 机理Heterolysis 异裂Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理取代Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution Ion pair 离子对双分子亲核取代Carbocation 碳正离子Bimolecular nucleophilic Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment)离子双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Carbanion 碳负离子Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子内亲核取代Carbenoid 卡宾体Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳Carbene 卡宾香亲核取代Nitrene 氮宾Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution Carbine 碳炔单分子亲电取代Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution Electrophile 亲电体双分子亲电取代Diaxial addition 双直键加成Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar Markovnikov ’s rub马e尔科夫尼科规electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单则分子亲电取代Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除成Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Michael addition 迈克尔加成Unimolecular elimination through the Substitution 取代conjugate base单分子共轭碱消除Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Bimolecular elimination through the Addition-elimination mechanism 加成conjugate base双分子共轭碱消除消除机理Bimolecular elimination with for-mation Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消电芳香取代除Electron transfer 电子转移Unimolecular acid-catalyzed Electron-donating group 给电子基团acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基氧断裂团Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen Deactivating group 钝化基团cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Orinentation 取向Unimolecular acid-catalyzed Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化基烷氧断裂Meta directing group 间位定位基Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- Ortho effect 邻位效应kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷Partial rate factor 分速度系数氧断裂Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返6Nucleophilicity 亲核体Carboxylation 羧基化Nucleophilicity 亲核性Amination 氨基化α-effect -效α应Bisamination 双氨基化Backside attack 背面进攻Cine substitution 移位取代Inversion 反转Transamination 氨基交换Umbrella effect 伞效应Hydroxylation 羟基化Push-pull effect 推拉效应acyloxyation 酰氧基化Leaving group 离去基团Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Electrofuge 离电体Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Nucleofuge 离核体Dehalogenation 脱卤Phase-transfer catalysis相转移催化Nitration 硝化Neighboring group participation 邻基Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化基参与Nitrosation 亚硝化Neighboring proup Sulfonation 磺化assistance,anchimeric assistance邻助Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化作用Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Apofacial reaction 反面反应Sulfonylation 磺酰化Briddgehead displacement桥头取代Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Aryl action 芳正离子Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Benzyne 苯炔Diazotization 重氮化Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定Coupling reaction 偶联反应向Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Hofmann’s rule霍夫曼规则Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应Bredt rule 布雷特规则1,4-addition 1，4-加成Initiation 引发Conjugate addition 共轭加成Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Dimerization 二聚Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化Trimefization 三聚02．3 有机化学反应Additive dimerization 加成二聚Alkylation 烷基化sulfurization 硫化C- alkylation C-烷基化Selenylation 硒化O- alkylation O-烷基化Hydroboration 硼氢化N-alkylation N- 烷基化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Insertion 插入Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化carbonylation 羧基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Ethylation 乙基化Oxo process 羰基合成Arylation芳基化Decarbonylation 脱羰Acylation 酰化Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Formylation 甲酰化Homologization 同系化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基7Ring clsure 环合Cross aldol condensation交叉羟醛缩Diene synthesis 双烯合成合Dienophile 亲双烯体Retrograde aldol condensation逆羟醛Endo addition 内型加成缩合Exo addition 外型加成Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Cyclization 环化Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯- Annulation,annelation 增环反应阿尔德反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Ene synthesis单烯合成Autoxidation 自氧化Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过Dipolar addition 偶极加成氧化- elimination -消除Epoxidation 环氧化- elimination -消除Oxonolysis 臭氧解- elimination -消除Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化-elimination -消除Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Aromatization 芳构化Deamination 脱氨基Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Heterogeneous hydrogenation多相氢Elimination-addition 消除-加成化Decarboxylation 脱羧Homogeneous hydrogenation均相氢化Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Decyanation 脱氰基Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Hydrogenolysis 氢解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂原Fragmentation 碎裂Single electron transfer 单电子转移Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Chelation 螯环化Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Esterification 酯化Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Transesterification 酯交换Reductive acylation 还原酰化Saponification 皂化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Alcoholysis 醇解Deoxygenation 脱氧Ethanolysis 乙醇解Desulfurization 脱硫Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Deselenization 脱硒Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Mitallation 金属化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Lithiation 锂化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Mercuration 汞化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Aminomercuration 氨汞化Enolization 烯醇化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Condensation 缩合Rearrangement重排Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合8Prototropic rearrangement质了转移重Alkyen 炔排Acetylide 炔化物Double bond migration 双键移位Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化Allylic migration 烯丙型重排合物Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Carbon acid 碳氢酸Ring contraction 环缩小[反应] Super acid 超酸Ring expansion,ring enlargement扩环Diene 双烯[反应] Triene 三烯-ketol rearrangement 酮-醇重排Allene 丙二烯Pinacol rearrangement频哪醇重排Ccumulene 累积多烯Retropinacol rearrangement逆频哪醇Enyne 烯炔重排Diyne 二炔Semipinacol rearrangement半频哪醇Alkyl halide 卤代烷重排Alcohol 醇Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇排Ether 醚Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Epoxide 环氧化物Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Cellosolve 溶纤剂Transannular insertion 跨环插入Crown ether 冠醚Transannular rearrangement跨环重排Netro compound 硝基化合物Migration 迁移Amine 胺Prototropy 质子转移Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵Cationotropic rearrangement正离子转化合物移重排Amine oxide 氧化胺Anionotropy 负离子转移Diazoalkane 重氮烷Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转Mercaptan 硫醇移重排Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sigmatropic rearrangement 迁-移重排Sulfoxide 亚砜Homosigmatropic rearrangement同迁Sulfone 砜移重排Aldehyde 醛Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Detone 酮Photosensitization 光敏化Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁Ketone hydrate 酮水合物photooxidation 光氧化Hemiacetal 半缩醛Photoisomerization 光异构化Acetal 缩醛Photochemical rearrangement光化学Ketal 缩酮重排Dithiane 二噻烷2．4 有机化合物类名Aminal 缩醛胺Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物imine 亚胺Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Aldimine 醛亚胺Alkane 烷Oxime 肟Wax 蜡Aldimine 醛肟Paraffin wax 石蜡Oxime 亚硝基化合物Alkene 烯aldoxime 硝酮9Hydrazone 腙Thioester 硫代酸酯Azine 嗪Thiol acid 硫羰酸Semicarbazone缩氯基脲Lactone 内酯Cyanohydrin 羟腈Lactol 内半缩醛Pinacol 频哪醇Macrolide 大环内酯Enol 烯醇Amino acid 氨基酸Enol ether 烯醇醚Zwitterions 两性离子Enol ester 烯醇酯Inner salt 内盐Enamine 烯胺Betaine 甜菜碱Ynamine 炔胺Lactam 内酰胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Hydantion 乙内酰脲Carboxylic acid 羧酸Peptide 肽Ester 酯Glycol 二醇orthoester 原酸酯Aldol羟醛Acyl halide 酰卤Acyloin 偶姻Acyl fluoride 酰氟Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Acyl chloride 酰氯Aldose 醛糖Acyl rtomide 酰溴Ketose 酮糖Acyl iodide 酰碘Furanose 呋喃糖Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Pyranose 吡喃糖Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Glycoside 糖苷Ketene 乙烯酮Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Peracid 过酸Aglycon 苷元Perester过酸酯Saccharide 糖类Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Oligosaccharide 寡糖Nitrile 腈Polysaccharide 多糖Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Alditol 糖醇Isonitrile 异腈Osazone 脎Amide 酰胺Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Imide 二酰亚胺Cycloalkene 环烷N-bromo compound N-溴化物Spirane 环烯Hydrazide 酰肼Cage compound螺烷Acyl azide 酰叠氮Propellane 笼型化合物Amidine 脒Rotazane 螺桨烷Keto ester 酮酸酯Catenane 轮烷Acyl cyanide 酰腈Rused ring 索烃Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯10。
化学专业英语化学专业英语是化学专业学生需要掌握的一门重要语言技能。
以下是一些常见的化学专业英语词汇和表达方式：Acid 酸Base 碱Neutral 中性Chemical Bond 化学键Element 元素Compound 化合物Mixture 混合物Ion 离子Covalent Bond 共价键Polar Bond 极性键Nonpolar Bond 非极性键Radical 基团Molecule 分子Atom 原子Isomer 同分异构体Reaction Equation 反应方程式Chemical Equation 化学方程式Chemical Name 化学名称Formula 分子式Structure 结构pH 值Solubility 溶解度Extraction 萃取Crystallization 结晶Dissolution 溶解Evaporation 蒸发Condensation 冷凝Sublimation 升华Distillation 蒸馏Filtration 过滤Precipitation 沉淀Chromatography 色谱法Spectroscopy 光谱法Gas Chromatography 气相色谱法Liquid Chromatography 液相色谱法Mass Spectrometry 质谱法Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 核磁共振波谱法UV-Vis Spectroscopy 紫外-可见光谱法IR Spectroscopy 红外光谱法Titration 滴定法Gravimetric Analysis 重力分析法Thermal Analysis 热分析法X-ray Diffraction X射线衍射法。
