上海复旦大学附属中学2018届高三上学期暑假学习成果检测开学英语试题 含答案

2021-2022学年交大附中高三第一学期第一次测试卷 9.19一、语法One day a two-year-old boy had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grasp on the bottle and it fell, ____1____(spill) its contents all over the kitchen floor——a sea of milk!Seeing at this, his mother instead of shouting at him or punishing him, said, “Robert, what a wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage ___2________(do). You know, Robert, __3______ a mess like this is made, it has to be cleaned up and everything restored to its proper order. So ,how would you like to do that? We ___4_______ use a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer? ”He chose the towel and together th ey cleaned up the spilt milk.His mother then said, “Robert, what we had there was a _5______(fail) experiment in _6____ to effectively carry a milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out to the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it __7___ dropping it.” The little boy learned that if the bottle was grasped at the top near the lip with both hands, it could be carried without being dropped.At that moment the little boy came to understand he didn’t need to be afraid to _8____(make) mistakes. Instead, he learnt that mistakes were just opportunities for learning ___9______ new.Today, the boy is an outstanding scientist ___10_____ has made several important medical breakthroughs.二、选词When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be_____wasteful to tear them all down and _____ them with greener versions. A(n )_____ amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the_____carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up f or the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest_____, the greatest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and_____our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing building," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some_____, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _____over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a vast number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from_____ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades can save more than just the earth, they can help_____property owners from rising power costs.Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they’ll say, “Success.”The dream of individual opportunity has been home in America since Europeans discovered a “new world”in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a_____society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s _____follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and_____ national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of_____ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin,A.expandB.exceptionsC.historicD.incrediblyE.poweringF.protectG.reducedH.replaceI.senseJ.varied H.enormous A.industry B.inevitably C.strongly D.fueled E.humble F.longing G.classless H.invaded I.status plicatedK.illustrationsthe very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from_____origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American ’s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The_____of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even_____our personal relationships: today it ’s as important to be “successful ” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it ” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success_____ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in _____symbols: we try to live in the “right ” neighborhoods, wear the “right ” clothes, eat the “right ” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe_____in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.三、完型Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers take them for granted. This is especially true 41 children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and 42 sports programs and make sure that there is easy 43 to participation opportunies. Children in low-income familiesand poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 44 the resources needed to pay for participation 45 , equipment, and transportation to practices and games as their communities do not have resources to build and 46 sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports first appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed 47 some educators and developmental experts 48 that the behavior and character of children were 49 influenced by their social surroundings and everyday experiences. This 50 many people to believe that if youcould organize the experiences of children in 51 ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.This belief that the social 52 influenced a person’s overall development was very 53 to people interested in progress and reform in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about 54 they might control the experiences of children to 55 responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a growing capitalist economy depended on the productivity of workers.41. A) amongB) withinC) onD) towards42. A) spread B) speed C) spin D) sponsor43. A) access B) entrance C) chance D) route 44. A) shrink B) tighten C) limit D) lack 45. A) bill B) accounts C) fees D) fare 46. A) maintain B) contain C) sustain D) entertain47. A) before B) whileC) until D) when48. A) realized B) recalled C) expected D) exhibited 49. A) specifically B) excessivelyC) strongly D) exactly50. A) movedB) conducted C) putD) led51. A) precise B) precious C) particular D) peculiar52. A) engagement B) environment C) state D) status53. A) encouraging B) disappointing C) upsetting D) surprising54. A) what B) how C) whatever D) however 55. A) multiply B) manufacture C) produce D) provide 四、阅读 (A)There Student thieves look out. Students can easily get many research papers off the Internet. A new Web site could help teachers catch copiers.Some students research and write their term papers. Others, however, just copy them off theInternet and turn them in as their work.Two graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley have written a program to catch the students who copy. It compares a student’s paper with every other term paper on the Web.A hundred million Web pages on the Internet are searched. The top 20 search engines are used for the search. This service can be found at www. plagiarism. com. They also have a local data base of term papers.Teachers who sign up can send their students’ papers to the Web site. Within 24 hours they know if the student did the work.Every sentence that was a word-for-word match with another sentence either found on the Internet or within our database is coded.A U.C. Berkeley professor told his class he would use the program. Still some students copied papers. All 300 papers went through the program. In 45 papers or 15 percent of students had cut and pasted large amounts of material from different World Wide Web sites.Students that say they didn’t copy can defend themselves. They can show the instructors where they got their material. Students at universities try hard to get good grades. Some students welcome the Internet research watchdog because they say it is fair to all. They think copying is wrong.56. One reason why plagiarism has increased is that ______.A. student cheat more todayB. their reasoning and survival skills improvedC. students couldn’t find information to copy before the Internet was developedD. it is so easy to cut and paste papers or parts of papers from the Internet57. Using the program developed at University of California at Berkeley, the papers are checked by using ______.A. printing and looking carefully at hundreds of papers on the InternetB. a search of many Web pages and a comparison of words usedC. asking the student where they got the information in the paperD. comparing all the papers which are turned in by the students58. If teachers want to find out if their students wrote their own papers, ______. A. they ask other teachers to read their students’ papersB. they ask their students to list their sources of informationC. they can sign up for the Internet serviceD. they search the Internet and compare papersBIn modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: " I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try." What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.59. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.B. Opinions about competition are different among people.C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.60. The underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 means ________.A. those who try their best to winB. those who value competition most highlyC. those who are against competition most stronglyD. those who rely on others most for success61. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a "desire to fail"?A. One's worth lies in his performance compared with others.B. One's success in competition needs great efforts.C. One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.D. One's success is based on how hard he has tried.62. Which point of view may the author agree to?A. Every effort should be paid back.B. Competition should be encouraged.C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.C篇About 40 years ago the famous British band The Beatles sang that“money can’t buy me love”. Today British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness either. This is showed by the happy planet index published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF ) in London.The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives and at what cost to their environment.It would seem to be a common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives while those in developing countries are having a harder time of it. But the results are surprising , even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example , comes at an unbelievable number 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny is land in the Pacific, Vanuatu comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks 31.Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their live? How long does an average person live ? How intensively does a country need to use its natural resources -- such as oil, land and water--to maintain standards. This is what the inde x calls the “ecological footprint”.The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environmental impact . The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.“However, Germany ‘s ecological footprint is only about half “ that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives,”says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s center for well-being.So happy planet Index(HPI) tells us a brand- new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their Ecological Footprint” and Life satisfaction Level “or ”Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.You can find out your own HPI by visiting http://www. happy planet /survey.htm.63. The story is mainly about ____________________.A. in which countries people feel the happiest.B.why money can’t you happiness.C.what index can influence people’s happiness.D.the happy planet index published recently64.According to the passage, the index has something to do with_________________.A.wealth, education, resources and heath.B. lives, heath, resources and environmentC.pressure, accommodation, resources and heathD. education, money, environment and resources65. Countries that have low HPI rankings___________________________.A. are only developing countries.B. have far fewer happy peopleC. have a greater impact on environmentD. do not enjoy plenty of resource66. The comparison between Germany and the US shows that______________________.A. some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly.B. it is possible to live happier and longer lives with fewer resources.C. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives.D. history and culture play an important role in people”s lives.六选四Directions:complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in December nineteen forty-one had brought America into the war. And it had severely damaged American military power. But Roosevelt decided not to strike back at Japan immediately. 67 . There were several rea sons for Roosevelt’s decision.First, Germany already controlled much of Europe, as well as much of the Atlantic Ocean. Roosevelt considered this a direct threat. 68 . Second, Germany was an advanced industrial nation. It had many scientists and engineers. Its factories were modern. Roosevelt was concerned that Germany might be able to develop deadly new weapons, such as an atomic bomb, if it was not stopped quickly. Third, Britain historically was one of America’s closest allies. And the Britis h people were united and fighting for their lives against Germany. This was not true in Asia. Japan’s most important opponent was China. But China’s fighting forces were weak and divided, and could not offer strong opposition to the Japanese.Hitler’s dec ision to break his treaty with Josef Stalin and attack the Soviet Union made Roosevelt’s final choice. The American leader recognized that the Germans would have to fight on two fronts: in the west against Britain and in the east against Russia. 69 . So Washington sent most of its troops and supplies to Britain to join the fight against Germany.American military leaders hoped to attack Germany quickly by launching an attack across the English Channel. Stalin also supported this plan. Soviet forces were suffering terrible losses from the Nazi attack and wanted the British and Americans to fight the Germans on the west.However, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and other leaders opposed launching an invasion across the English Channel too quickly. They worried that such an invasion might fail, while the Germans were still so strong. 70 . For this reason, British and American forces decided instead to attack the Italian and German occupation troops in north Africa.概要写作：It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering things” like arithmetic or historical facts, bur also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅到，闻到)something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learn to swing a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but but in some physical objects and puters ,for example,contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”--ready for instant use.An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning about 100,000 words of English. However, this is a but fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.翻译1.我从未想到我校篮球队会在竞赛中败北。

2023-2024学年上海市复旦大学附属中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I received an email from a reader who asked, “Why do some friendships end, no matter how much you want them to last?” She referred to 1 (see) the question in one of my articles, Mystery of Friendship. As I wrote in it, I don’t think easy answers exist as to how friendships start, why some turn into lifetime 2 , and why some end. Although I’ve tried answering the first two questions in other articles (To Have A Friend and Be A Friend), I still get surprised by friendships that endure and disillusi oned by those that slip away. Even so, I’ll try to offer some insights here as to why friendships end.My simple answer is that friendships end because the situations 3 friends are in or even the friends themselves change. First, the realities friends face may change. The decision to relocate 4 a new school or job cannot help but affect a friendship. Likewise, if a friend is in an accident, develops an illness, or loses someone close, these cannot help but affect a friendship. Does a friendship need to end because of these changes? No, but it’ll require adjustments that one or both friends 5 not be willing to make.Second, the friends themselves may change. A significant reason why friendships often end 6 friends are apart for an 7 (extend) period of time (for summer camp, college, etc.) is that one or both of the friends change. I think it 8 (hurt) less when both friends change, because then the breakup is more often mutual and so both friends get closure by both deciding to let go and move forward in their lives without each other. What tends to hurt most is when just one friend changes. One friend might change social circles, become involved in new social organizations, start to date, get a pet, or take on some other venture that consumes more time and passion. Again, a friendship can endure these changes, 9 one or both of the friends for some reason decide not to invest the time and energy involved in the adjustment period. In this situation, breakups may not be mutual and so one or both friends feel betrayed and end up with bitter memories about 10 was a precious friendship to them.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. categoriseB. creationC. goodD. innovativeE. maximumF. packedG. pedestrianise H. processing I. shape J. short-lived K. transformationAll Change in Curitiba!Like many other major world cities, Curitiba in southern Brazil has had to deal with issues such as pollution, poverty, and limited public funding. However, the architect and three-times mayor of the city, Jaime Lerner, has introduced some 11 solutions.As part of his ‘Master Plan’, Lerner hoped to make the city more environmentally friendly. He initiated a recycling scheme. In return for delivering recyclable rubbish to specified 12 points, residents receive a bag of vegetables or bus tickets. As a result, Curitiba now has one of the highest recycling rates in the world. Lerner also ordered the 13 of 26 urban parks. As well as preventing pollution, these control flooding.Lerner did not win over all the city’s residents immediately, however. When his plans to 14 part of the centre were passed, local businesses were up in arms, fearing a reduction in profits. Realising he needed to act quickly, Lerner had the 15 of six blocks completed within three days. When a group of motorists attempted to drive through the new pedestrian area, Lerner arranged for local primary schools to hold a painting workshop on the streets. The drivers were forced to turn back. Luckily for Lerner, this rebellion was 16 . The increase in profit rapidly persuaded shop owners to change their minds.Lerner’s determination helped 17 the Curitiba of today. The average income per capita has risen from a level that was below the Brazilian average in the 1970s to 66% above the average, and surveys indicate high levels of resident satisfaction.So, is it all just one big success story? In some respects, Curitiba may have been too successful for its own 18 . People and businesses have come to the city, which now has more than 1.8 million residents. This has put the city under enormous stress. Forty years ago, buses transported 54,000 passengers a day. Now the number is 2.3 million. According to some experts, the transport system has reached its 19 efficiency capacity. Following a rise in complaints about the noisy and 20 buses, the service is in decline.It started with a bit of casual discomfort on the head, but after a week it had spread to the back of my neck, enough to lead me to my laptop. Annoying as it was, I was ________ to take up my doctor’s time with such a silly complaint and then have a wasted journey only to be informed that it would clear up by itself and that ________ would be of no use at all.As soon as I’d tapped in ‘online self-diagnosis’, the search engine provided me with over 11.5 million results. And during the time normally spent in the clinic’s waiting room reading the Women’s Weekly, I was able to f ind a site that would provide a free ________ in the comfort of my chair, and with no need for an appointment,I answered all the questions until I eventually reached a description exactly matching my ________. As I clicked on ‘More Information’, I was hit with what I’d never anticipated. The worst case scenario was complete hair loss. I couldn’t have been more ________.I headed off to the doctor for what I thought would be a blood test but which turned out to be a valuable lesson in not ________ everything you read on the internet. It took him less than a minute to guess at and locate head lice (虱子). I was relieved to know that I would be ________ my hair, and horrified to know that it was being occupied.I learnt my lesson, but for some the worry caused by ________ every ache has led to a new form of hypochondria (疑病症). Named ‘cyberchondria’ by the print media back in 2000, this particular condition has ________ greatly. Although most people’s main point of call is still the doctor’s surgery, it’s estimat ed that ________ worries are now the second most researched topic on the web. This is truly a serious concern when about 25%of the medical information online is thought to be________.Once upon a time, hypochondria required time and effort: you had to go to the library to research your diseases and ________ go through the books. Now it’s just a matter of a few clicks of a mouse. But while your doctor will make a diagnosis ________ your age, appearance and medical history, a search engine will rely simply on algorithms (算法). These come up with results graded according to popularity or numbers of key words. So the most highly ranked hits might actually be for verygenuine disease, which are nonetheless extremely ________. One minute you think you’ve come down with the flu, the next you’re under attack from sub-tropical, flesh-eating bacteria. Time spent going to the doctor’s for ________ of mind suddenly seems fair enough.21.A．reluctant B．surprised C．able D．sure22.A．knowledge B．association C．evidence D．medication 23.A．sample B．assessment C．subscription D．upgrade24.A．standards B．arguments C．definitions D．symptoms 25.A．fortunate B．touched C．alarmed D．different26.A．believing B．explaining C．questioning D．covering27.A．keeping B．losing C．drying D．washing28.A．taking off B．putting on C．breaking away D．looking up 29.A．dropped B．differed C．increased D．helped30.A．safety B．health C．access D．money31.A．available B．accurate C．misleading D．complex32.A．occasionally B．automatically C．painstakingly D．literally33.A．bringing to light B．taking intoconsideration C．putting intopracticeD．setting on top34.A．rare B．hard C．large D．simple35.A．state B．change C．freedom D．peaceOn 15th June 1996, a huge bomb in Manchester, in the north-west of England, destroyed the city centre, causing nearly a billion pounds’ worth of damage. The bomb, which had been planted by a terrorist group called the IRA, injured over 200 people but remarkably killed no one as police had evacuated the area following a warning from the IRA.Manchester had already undergone some changes as it recovered from the economic depression of the early 1990s that had destroyed much of its industry and created large-scale unemployment. It had won the right to host the Commonwealth Games (a large sporting event) and redeveloped some deserted areas through the building of the National Velodrome, an exhibition centre and an award-winning concert hall. However, at the time of the bombing, the city centre was still badly neglected — dominated by the Arndale Shopping Centre (once described as looking like an enormous public toilet) and squares that were run-down and affected by drug addiction. So, dreadful though the bombing was, it actually provided an opportunity to start again that might not have happened otherwise.Within weeks of the explosion, the government had set up a public-private company to manage the recovery and launched an international competition to design the redevelopment. The winning plan involved restoring the historic buildings that had been damaged, tearing down and rebuilding some of the ugly buildings, creating new public spaces and improving life for pedestrians. Alongside this, the government reduced traffic in the centre by changing the direction of some main roads and developed an integrated public transport system, making access to the centre easier. Since these improvements, the city has attempted to boost tourism by using some of the city’s historical si tes for major public events and by creating the Urbis building, which now houses the National Museum of Football. In turn, these changes have been key in attracting new investors, such as the Qatari royal family who own Manchester City Football Club.Since 1996, the Manchester economy has grown in all areas. However, there are some concerns that inequality has also increased. Nor are all the new spaces appreciated. One new garden square designed by an international architect was rated as the worst attraction in the city. Others argue that in changing market stalls and industry for luxury consumption and glass buildings, the city has lost some of its soul.36. What does the word “evacuate” (paragraph 1)most probably mean?A．Looking for something in a place. B．Estimate the losses in a ruined place.C．Remove people from a place of danger. D．Determine a numerical value of a place. 37. What does the writer say about the 1996 IRA bombing?A．It presented an unexpected opportunity for Manchester.B．It destroyed the city centre that used to be busy and crowded.C．It resulted in a lot of people getting hurt or killed in Manchester.D．It cost Manchester its chance to host the Commonwealth Games.38. What did Manchester do for its recovery?A．It set up Manchester City Football Club.B．It organised an international competition to attract new investors.C．It tore down some historical sites to make room for public events.D．It developed a public traffic system to make the city center more accessible.39. What is the passage mainly about?A．Damage Manchester suffered due to the IRA bombing.B．The IRA bombing in Manchester and its consequences.C．Challenges related to the redevelopment of Manchester.D．The long-term effects of the changes made in Manchester.We asked four people who graduated from the Williams Business and Accountancy School what corporate responsibility means to them.JasonI know that some corporations claim to be bringing huge benefits to local people, and maybe some are. However, in other cas es, they’re paying low wages or undercutting small, family-run firms who can’t compete. It may not be a pretty image, but that’s the nature of capitalism. I’d like to hope I won’t end up as part of this process, but I suspect it’s inevitable. Essentially, your biggest responsibility is ultimately to return value to your stakeholders. Positive employee relations are desirable, but not actually a legal requirement in many countries.AnyaThanks to my sister, I’ve recently had a shift in thinking. As far as co rporate responsibility is concerned, I no longer doubt it. Christina recently transferred to an overseas branch. She was surprised and delighted to discover the branch was running local programmes to improve basic literacy skills amongst employees as well as to conserve the environment. She’s now currently retraining as a teacher and moving over to that side of things. Now that I’ve seen this side of corporate responsibility, I’ve been persuaded to give it a go myself in later life, although I’ll stick to Plan A and pursue a solid career in finance for a few years first.AndreFor me, what it comes down to is sustainability. Whatever your product, it shouldn’t have a harmful effect on the planet. Many companies make a big noise about how much cash they give away to charity, but they should make changes in the way they make their profits in the first place. Quite aside from the ethical arguments, there’s also a sound commercial reason here. These days the consumer has access to far more information than ever before thanks to the internet, so if somethingbad goes viral, it’ll destroy a reputation forever. Companies are well aware of that. For that reason, more are starting to face up to their responsibility—or so they claim.LisaIn the USA, corporations often support community development projects by donating books or equipment to schools. However, this apparent altruism (利他主义) is not all it claims to be. There’s a large grey area between corporate giving and company branding. Nowadays every corporate website includes a summary of so-called ‘core values’; vague descriptions of how they’re ‘giving back’ to society. I can’t help thinking they’re unclear for a reason and that it’s all just for good PR. I’m particularly annoyed by the claims of fast-food companies. They pretend to be concerned with obesity (肥胖) levels while promoting special offers on larger portions. The hidden agenda is clearly to boost profit. It’s an insult to consumer intelligence.40. According to Jason, what responsibility is ignored by corporations?A．Bringing benefits to local peopleB．Keeping positive employee relations.C．Returning values to their stakeholders.D．Understanding the nature of capitalism.41. What can be learned about Anya?A．She supports and values corporate responsibility efforts.B．She has been persuaded to work for an overseas corporation.C．She will be devoted to corporate responsibility initiatives soon.D．She believes some corporate responsibility efforts make no sense.42. What do Andre and Lisa have in common?A．Both argue against the necessity of company branding.B．Both think corporations should express their ‘core values’ more clearly.C．Both hold a firm belief that sustainability matters in corporations’ development.D．Both doubt the real purpose of some corporate responsibility efforts.Every decision we make is arrived at through hugely complex neurological processing. Although it feels as though you have a choice, the action that you ‘decide’ to take is entirely directed by automatic neural activity. Brain imaging studies show that a person’s action can be predicted by their brain activity up to 10 seconds before they themselves become aware they are going to act. Multiple neuroscientific studies show that even those important decisions that feel worked out are just as automatic as knee-jerk reactions (膝跳反应) (although more complex).Decision-making starts with the amygdala: a set of two almond-shaped nuclei (杏仁状核) buried deep within the brain, which generate emotion. The amygdala registers the information streaming in through our senses and responds to it in less than a second, sending signals throughout the brain. These produce an urge to run, fight, freeze or grab, according to how the amygdala values various stimuli.Before we act on the amygdala’s si gnals, however, the information is usually processed by other brain areas, including some that produce conscious thoughts and emotions. Areas concerned with recognition work out what’s going on, those concerned with memory compare it with previous experiences, and those concerned with reasoning, judging and planning get to work on constructing various action plans. The best plan—if we are lucky—is then selected and carried out. If any of this process goes wrong, we are likely to hesitate, or do something silly.The various stages of decision-making are marked by different types of brain activity. Fast (gamma)waves, with frequencies of 25 to 100 Hz, produce a keen awareness of the multiple factors that need to be taken into account to arrive at a decision. If you are trying to choose a sandwich, for instance, gamma waves generated in various cells within the ‘taste’ area of the brain bring to mind and compare the taste of ham, hummus, wholemeal, sourdough, and so on. Although it may seem useful to be aware of the full range of choice, too much information makes decision-making more difficult, so irrelevant factors get dismissed quickly and unconsciously.After this comparison stage, the brain switches to slow-wave activity (12 to 30 Hz). This extinguishes most of the gamma activity, leaving just a single ‘hotspot’ of gamma waves which marks the chosen option.Although there is no ‘you’ outside your brain to direct what it’s doing, you can help it to make good decisions by placing yourself in a situation which is likely to make the process run more smoothly. Doing something that is physically or mentally stimulating before making a decision will help your brain produce the initial gamma waves that generate awareness of the competing options. Getting over-excited, on the other hand, will prevent the switch to the slow brainwaves, making it much harder to single out a choice.43. Why does the writer mention “knee-jerk reactions” in the first paragraph?A．To introduce the finding of the latest brain imaging studies.B．To illustrate that decisions are not consciously thought out.C．To call attention to a kind of neural reaction that is not very complex.D．To show the difference between decision-making and other brain activity.44. What does the amygdala do according to the passage?A．It works out conscious thoughts and emotions.B．It selects the best action plan for a given situation.C．It dismisses factors that are irrelevant to the decision to be made.D．It processes sensory information and generates emotional responses.45. What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5?A．Slow-wave activity usually lasts longer than fast-wave activity.B．The brain prioritizes information before settling on a final choice.C．Decision-making is difficult when slow-wave activity occurs first.D．The brain needs as much information as possible to make a decision.46. How does engaging in stimulating activities help the decision-making process?A．By preparing the brain to single out the most reasonable choice.B．By helping the brain switch to slow-wave activity more quickly.C．By getting the brain to focus on those most relevant alternatives.D．By making the brain more aware of the factors and choices involved.Could a New Battery Solve Our Energy Problem?Researchers in the US have made headlines worldwide by developing a new type of battery that charges far faster and holds way more charge than today’s lithium cells (锂电池). It’s not just a terrific technology story, either. The team behind it is led by tech legend Prof John Goodenough of the University of Texas, Austin—the co-inventor of the original lithium-ion battery, and still doing brilliant work at the age of 94.47 That’s why we’re still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to a charger before our device goes completely dead.This depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If we’re to make the most of renewable energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or there’s no sunshine. 48Elo n Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. He’s already created a 20 megawatt battery ‘farm’ in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. 49 For example, one wind farm in Hawaii had three f ires in its battery ‘farm’ within a year of opening.But now Goodenough and his team may have found the answer, by switching from lithium to sodium (钠).The lithium batteries that made Goodenough’s reputation contain a liquid electrolyte (电解质) which doesn’t respond well to rapid charging. One of Goodenough’s colleagues, Maria Braga, decided that the answer lay in switching to solid electrolytes. The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte to work with sodium, which is similar to lithium but far more common. 50 The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent, it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan.Advances in energy storage are vital if renewable are going to reach their potential. The boundless energy of Goodenough—the Li-ion King himself—may just have found the solution just in time.passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Communicating scienceOne of the major problems for scientists lies in communicating the value of research to non-specialists that matter:policymakers and the general public. In recent years, scientific organisations have come a long way in developing ways to make science more accessible to non-specialist groups.The development of blogs has helped substantially in bringing science closer to the public. According to Wikipedia, the ScienceBlogs network is now ranked 37th among the most authoritative blogs worldwide, with two of its sections having won weblog awards. Released from editorial restrictions, science bloggers generally focus on areas of science that they are both passionate and knowledgeable about. They often write about science in an accessible, lively manner, and it is this that p erhaps most attracts members of the public. Ed Yong’s Not Exactly Rocket Science, for instance, is filled with the writer’s enthusiasm and down-to-earth attitude towards the subject. His chatty, youthful style appeals to a wide range of readers.Television has also boosted the image of science. Early pioneers such as Jacques Cousteau, whose beautifully filmed documentaries opened up the oceans to millions, quickly realised the potential of TV to make science come alive for viewers. Other science disciplines have eagerly followed suit. Entertaining presenters carry out daring experiments or explore amazing scientific phenomena in order to attract attention. Celebrities such as Brian Cox, once famous for playing music in D:Ream, have also been instrumental in bringing science into popular culture. Now working in the field of physics, Brian is presenter of the BBC TV series Wonders of the Solar System. His background means that his face is not only well known to younger viewers but is also considered cool. Other organisations have been using the power of visual media through the internet. For example, SciVee offers scientists video services to create online presentations of their research.Nevertheless, despite this progress, communication remains one of science’s biggest obstacle. Perhaps it is time that universities addressed this problem, and thought about adding communications training to the curriculum.________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________52. 沙漠的温度白天酷热，夜晚极寒。

2018-2019年最新复旦大学附属中学自主招生考试英语模拟精品试卷（第一套）考试时间：120分钟总分：150分第I卷（选择题，共100分）第一节：单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分，满分25分）1. —When did the terrible earthquake in YaNan happen?—It happened ________ the morning of April 20, 2013.A. onB. atC. inD. /2. Our teacher told us ________ too much noise in class.A. to makeB. makeC. not to makeD. not make3. Here is your hat. Don’t forget______ when you __________.A. to put it on, leaveB. to wear it, leaveC. to wear it, will leaveD. putting it on, will leave4. The baby is sleeping. You _____ make so much noise.A. won’tB. mustn’tC. may notD. needn’t5. Since you are _____ trouble, why not ask _________ help?A. in, forB. in, toC. with, forD. with, to6. It’s about___________kilometers from Nanchong to Chengdu.A. two hundredsB. two hundreds ofC. two hundredD. two hundred of7. It is six years since my dear uncle ________China.A. leftB. has leftC. is leftD. had left8. —How long _______ you _______ the bicycle?—About two weeks.A. have, hadB. have, boughtC. did, buyD. have, have9. The Yellow River is not so ________ as the Yangtze River.A. longerB. longC. longestD. a long10. Mrs.Green usually goes shopping with ________ umbrella in ________ summer.A. a；theB. an； /C. the； aD. /；/11. At first, I was not too sure if he could answer the question. However, ____,he worked it out at last with the help of his friend.A. to my angerB. to my surpriseC. in other wordsD. ina word12. —Must I stay here with you?—No, you ______.You may go home, but you _____ go to the net bar (网吧).A. mustn't; needn'tB. needn't; mustn'tC. must; needD. need; must13. I ______ the newspaper while my mother _____TV plays yesterday evening.A. was reading; was watchingB. was reading; watchedC. read; was watchingD. read; would watch14. It's a rule in my class that our classroom ________ before 6：00 p. m.every day.A. be able to cleanB. should be cleaningC. must cleanD. must be cleaned15. —Tom wants to know if you ________ a picnic next Sunday.—Yes. But if it ________， we'll visit the museum instead.A. will have; will rainB. have; rainsC. have; will rainD. will have; rains16.—Would you mind looking after my dog while I'm on holiday?—________.A. Of course notB. Yes. I'd be happy toC. Not at all. I've no timeD. Yes, please17. Many students didn’t realize the importance of study _______they left school.A. whenB. untilC. afterD. unless18. My father _______ to Shanghai. He _______ for over 2 months.A. has been, has leftB. has gone, has goneC. has gone, has been awayD. has been, has gone19. They are your skirts. Please __________.A. put it awayB. put out itC. put them awayD. put them out20. —Please read every sentence carefully. you are,mistakes you’llmake.—Thank you for your advice.A. The more carefully; the fewerB. The more careful; the lessC. The more carefully; the lessD. The more careful; the fewer21. My friend is coming today but he didn’t tell me _______.A. when did the train arriveB. how did the train arriveC. when the train arrivedD. how the train arrived22. I felt it hard to keep up with my classmate s. But whenever I wantto _______, my teacher always encourages me to work harder.A. go onB. give upC. run awayD. give back23. —________ fine weather it is today!—Let's go for a picnic.A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a24.— Mary, you’re going to buy an apartment here, aren’t you?—Yes, but I can’t_______an expensive one.A. spendB. costC. payD. afford25. —Would you like to drink coffee or milk?—_________. Please give me some tea.A. NeitherB. BothC. EitherD. None第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）(A)Big schoolbags have been a serious problem for students for a long time.Maybe your schoolbag is too __26__ to carry, and it troubles you a lot __27__ you want to find a book out to read. Now an e­textbook will __28__ you.It is said that e­textbooks are going to be __29__ in Chinese middle schools.An e­textbook, in fact, is a small __30__ for students.It is much __31__ than a usual schoolbag and easy to carry. Though it is as small as a book, it can __32__ all the materials (材料) for study.The students can read the text page by page on the __33__， take notes with the pointer (屏写笔). Or even “__34__” their homework to their teachers by sending e­mails. All they have to do is to press a button.Some people say e­textbooks are good, but some say they may be __35__ for the students' eyes. What do you think of it?26.A.light B. heavy C. useful D. comfortable27.A.till B. after C. before D. when28.A.trouble B. prevent C. help D. understanded B. kept C. invented D. lent B. radio C. pen D. computer31.A.heavier B. lighter C. cheaper D. brighter32.A.hold B. build C. discover D. practice33.A.blackboard B. desk C. screen D. card34.A.find out B. hand in C. get back D. give back35.A.helpful B. famous C. good D. bad(B)Food is very important. Everyone needs to _36_ _well if he/she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is__ 37 __.We begin to get a knowledge even when we are very young. Small children are __38__ in everything around them. They learn __39 __while they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to ___ 40__ story books, science books…anything they like. When they find something new, they have to ask questions and__41___ to find out the answers.What is the best ___42___to get knowledge? If we learn___43___ourselves, we will get the most knowledge, If we are__44___getting answers from others and don’t ask why, we will never learn more and understand___45_.36. A. sleep B. read C. drink D. eat37. A. sport B. exercise C. knowledge D. meat38. A. interested B. interesting C. weak D. meat39. A. everybody B. something C. nothing D. anything40. A. lend B. write C. think D. read41. A. try B. wait C. think D. need42. A. place B. school C. way D. road43. A. in B. always C. to D. by44. A. seldom B. always C. certainly D. sometimes45.A.harder B. much C. well D. better第三节：阅读理解（共25小题，每小题2分，满分50分）AFamous Museums_______ .A. BeijingB. LondonC. New YorkD. The USA47. New York Museum is America’s largest museum on American__________.A. areaB. historyC. collectionsD. buildings48. The Palace Museum. Which is in the center of Beijing, is also called“Forbidden City(紫禁城)” in China. It lies in __________.A.Chang’an StreetB. New Oxford StreetC. BerlingD. Chestnut Street49. According to the form, if you want to see ancient Chinese collections,you can visit ____ at most.A. one museumB. two museumsC. three museumsD. four museums50. Which of the following is TRUE according to the information above?A. Each ticket for the Palace Museum costs the same in the whole year.B. You don’t have to pay for tickets if you visit New York Museum on Monday.C. British Museum lies in Chestnut street, London.D. New York Museum is the largest in the world.BIn recent years, more and more people like to keep pets such as a dog, a cat, a monkey and other animals. But usually people would accept tame(温顺的) and loyal(忠诚的) animals as pets rather than dangerous ones such as a lion，a tiger or a snake.People love pets and take good care of them. The owners usually regard pets as good friends and some even consider them as members of the family. Although they are not human beings(人类), their behavior sometimes is better than human beings, for they are always loyal to their owners. There are always many stories about brave and smart pets. We often hear that a pet dog saved the owner's life or traveled thousands of miles to return home. Such stories often make pets more lovely.Some pets can also be trained to help people with some special work. For example, trained dogs can help the blind to walk and trained dogs and pigs can even help police to find where drugs are easily.But pets are sometimes trouble-makers. Some pets like dogs or snakes may hurt people without any warning. Some people may become ill after being hurt because of the virus carried by the pets. If they are not taken good care of, they will become very dirty and easily get ill. So pets are helpful to us but keeping pets is not an easy job.51. What animals are thought to be dangerous as pets?A. Cats.B. Dogs.C. Snakes.D. Monkeys52. Which of the following statements is TRUE about pets?A. All the pets are considered as family members.B. Pets always behave better than human beings.C. Sometimes some pets can protect their owners.D. Pets like traveling far away from home.53. Why do people train pets according to the passage?A. To make them more clever.B. To make them more lovely.C. To find drugs for the blind.D. To do some special work.54. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Pets often hurt strange people.B. Pets can live well with the virus.C. Pets are dirty and dangerous.D. Pets should be looked after well.55. What is the best title for the passage?A. Training Pets.B. Keeping Pets.C. Cleaning Pets.D.Loving Pets.CFrom Feb. 8 to Mar. 1 is our winter holiday. I think everybody did a lot in the holiday. But it seems that I did nothing and it was my most unlucky holiday.I spent a lot of time on my homework. Every morning my mother woke me up early and I had breakfast in a hurry. Then I had to do my homework almost the whole day! I’m not a very slow person but the homework was too heavy!I was also unlucky when playing. During the Spring Festival, I played fireworks but my finger was hurt because I was careless to light the fireworks. I began to fear playing with fireworks from then.I was still unlucky on my friend’s party. On my friend’s birthday, unusually I woke up at 10:50 because my parents went to visit my grandmother early in the morning. The party would start in 10 minutes! So I hurried to my friend’s home without breakfast. I returned very late that day and when I got home, my parents were very angry with me.Another worrying thing was my weight. Last term, I was 46 kg but nowI am 51 kg! I have to consider losing weight!56. How long did the winter holiday last?A. two monthsB. one monthC. 4 weeksD. 22 days57. The writer got up early every day during the holiday because ______.A. he had to finish homeworkB. he had to have breakfastC. he was a very slow personD. his mother was in a hurry58. He hurt his finger because of ________.A. the Spring FestivalB. his carelessnessC. the light of fireworksD. his fear of playing59. Why were the writer’s parents angry with him?A. Because he got up too late.B. Because he missed breakfast.C. Because he was late for the party.D. Because he came back home too late.60. What did the writer want to tell us in the passage?A. He had an unlucky holiday.B. He had too much homework.C. His parents were very strict.D. He planned to lose weight.DSteven Jobs, the designer of Apple Computer, was not clever when he was in school.At that time, he was not a good student and he always made troubles with his schoolmates.When he went into college, he didn't change a lot.Then he dropped out.But he was full of new ideas.After he left college, Steven Jobs worked as a video game designer.He worked there for only se­veral months and then he went to India.He hoped that the trip would give him some new ideas and give him a change in life.Steven Jobs lived on a farm in California for a year after he returned from India.In 1975, he began to make a new type of computer.He designed the Apple Computer with his friend in his garage.He chose the name “Apple” just because it could help him to remember a happy summer he once spent in an apple tree garden.His Apple Computer was such a great success that Steven Jobs soon became famous all over the world.61.Steven Jobs was not a good student in school because he ________.A. never did his lessonsB. was full of new ideasC. always made troubles with his schoolmatesD. dropped out62.Did Steven Jobs finish college?A. Yes, he did.B. No, he didn't.C. No, he didn't go into college.D. We don't know.63.Steven Jobs designed his new computer ______.A. in IndiaB. with his friendC. in a pear tree gardenD. by himself64.Steven Jobs is famous for his ________ all over the world.A. new ideasB. appleC. Apple ComputerD. video games65.From this passage we know ________.A. Steven Jobs didn't finish his studies in the college because he hatedhis schoolmatesB. Steven Jobs liked traveling in India and CaliforniaC. Steven Jobs liked trying new things and making new ideas become trueD. Steven Jobs could only design video gamesEIf you go into the forest with friends, stay with them. If you don't, you may get lost. If you get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don't try to find your friends. Let them find you. You can help them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle (吹口哨) three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal given three times is a call for help.Keep up shouting or whistling. Always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making a noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal is given twice, it is an answer to a call for help.If you don't think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches .Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass.When you need some water, you have to leave your little branch house to look for it. Don't just walk away .Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk in order to go back again easily.66.If you get lost in the forest, you should ________.A. walk around the forest to find your friendsB. stay in one place and give signalsC. climb up a tree and wait for your friends quietlyD. shout as loudly as possible67.Which signal is a call for help?A. Shouting one time as loudly as you can.B. Crying twice.C. Shouting or whistling three times together.D. Whistling everywhere in the forest.68.When you hear two shouts or two whistles, you know that ________.A. someone finds something interestingB. people will come and help youC. someone needs helpD. something terrible will happen69.Before night comes, you should try to make a little house with ________.A. stoneB. earthC. leaves and grassD. branches70.Which of the following is the best title?A. Getting Water in the ForestB. Spending the Night in the ForestC. Surviving (生存) in the ForestD. Calling for Help in the Forest 第四节：补全对话，从方框内7个选项中选择恰当的5个句子完成此对话(共5分)John: Hi, Karl. You were not here, in your class yesterday afternoon. What was wrong?Karl: 71________John: Sorry to hear that.72Karl: Much better. The fever is gone. But I still cough and I feel weak. John: 73Karl: Yes, I have. I went to the doctor’s yesterday afternoon. The doctor gave me some medicine and asked me to stay in bed for a few days. John: 74Karl: Because I’m afraid I’ll miss more lessons and I’ll be left behind. John: Don’t worry. Take care of yourself. 75第Ⅱ卷（非选择题,共50分）一、根据句意及所给提示，补全单词或用单词、固定短语、固定搭配的正确形式填空(10分)76. Many athletes won gold medals in the Olympics, they are our national h_____.77. Tom didn’t finish _____________( write) his test because he ran out of the time.78. The girl is making a model doll ___________ (care).79. The boy felt __________(困倦的) in class because he stayed up late last night.80. So Terrible! The airplane ______________(起飞) five minutes ago.81.I don't think students should be（允许）to bring mobile phones to school.82.I find it useless to spend much time（解释）it to him.83. She prefers keeping silent to（争吵）with others.84. It is important for us to be（有信心的）of doing everything.85. The doctor operated on the patient（成功）yesterday.二、汉译英, 一空一词（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）86. 他默默地在雨中行走，浑身上下都被淋湿。

上海复旦大学第二附属中学高一英语测试题含解析一、选择题1. ---“If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.”---“Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything参考答案：B略2. The American experts went on a long train _____ across China.A. journalB. journeyC. voyageD. transport参考答案：B3. What great trouble we had ___________ where his house was.A. in findingB. to findC. findD. found.参考答案：A4. , in order to save her sick child, the great mother kept waiting for four hours in the heavy snow.A. It dependsB. Take it easyC. Believe it or notD. It is OK.参考答案：C5. The bad weather _____ our difficulties.A. added toB. was added toC. added upD. added up to参考答案：A6. Seeing their team beat Netherlands 1∶0 during extra-time in 2010 World Cup Final, the whole Spain was unable to keep _______.A. quietB. silentC. calmD. still参考答案：C7. Before agriculture ________, people made their living by hunting wild animals and their life was _______ of nature.A. came into being; at the mercyB. was born; in the mercyC. began to exist; in dangerD. appeared; with the mercy参考答案：A略8. The price of the shoes ________than before. I can't afford two pairs.A. is more expensiveB. is much higherC. are much cheaperD. are much lower参考答案：B试题分析：句意：鞋的价格有点高，我买不起两双。