《画法几何及机械制图》教学大纲总学时：104 理论课学时：72 实验课学时：32一、课程的性质本课程是机械类各专业的一门必修的技术基础课。
它研究解决空间几何问题以及绘制和阅读工程图样的理论和方法。
本课程的主要任务是（1）学习投影法（主要是正投影法）的基本理论及其应用。
（2）培养对三维形状与相关位置的空间逻辑思维和形象思维能力。
（3）培养空间几何问题的图解能力。
（4）培养绘制和阅读机械图样的基本能力。
（5）培养计算机绘画工程图样的技能。
此外，在教学过程中还必须有意识地培养自学能力，分析问题和解决问题的能力，以及认真负责的工作态度和严肃细致的工作作风。
二、课程的目的与教学基本要求本课程包括画法几何、制图基础、机械图和计算机绘图基础四部分，具体内容与要求如下：绪论明确本课程的地位、性质、任务、发展方向和学习方法。
（一）画法几何学习用正投影法表达空间几何形体和图解简单空间几何问题的基本理论和方法。
1.投影的基本知识建立中心投影和平行投影（正投影和斜投影）的明确概念。
2.点、直线和平面的投影掌握点、直线、平面在第一角中各种位置的投影特性和作图方法（平面以点、直线、平面图形表示为主）；掌握直线倾角、线段真长和平面图形真形的求法。
3.点、直线、平面的相对位置（1）掌握直线上的点的投影特性，及在平面上作点、作直线的方法。
（2）掌握两平行、相交、交叉直线以及一边平行于投影面的直角的投影特性。
（3）掌握直线与平面之间及二平面之间的平行、相交、垂直的投影特性及作图方法。
（4）掌握点、直线、平面之间的定位问题及度量问题的解法。
4.投影变换掌握换面法及其应用。
5.立体的投影（1）掌握平面立体和曲面立体的投影特性和作图方法。
（2）能分析平面立体和曲面立体与平面的截交线的性质，掌握作截交线的基本方法（截平面以特殊位置为主）（3）掌握平面立体与曲面立体及两曲面立体的相贯线的作图方法（两曲面立体相贯时，至少有一个立体的轴线垂直于投影面）6.轴测投影（1）建立轴测投影的基本概念，了解轴向变形系数和轴间角的几何意义。
（2）掌握正等测和斜二测的画法。
（二）制图基础培养用仪器和徒手绘图的能力，以及绘制和阅读投影图的能力。
1.制图的基本知识和基本技能（1）能正确使用绘图工具和仪器，掌握常用的几何作图方法，做到作图准确，图线分明，字体工整，整洁美观；会分析和标注平面图形尺寸。
（2）遵守《机械制图》国家标准的基本规定。
（3）掌握徒手画草图的技巧。
2.投影制图（1）能运用形体分析和线面分析方法进行组合体的画图、读图和尺寸标注，做到投影正确、尺寸齐全、清晰。
（2）掌握各种视图、剖视图、剖面图的画法，以及常用的简化画法和其他规定画法，做到视图选择和配置恰当。
（3）通过投影制图的实践，进一步提高空间逻辑思维和形象思维的能力。
（三）机械图培养绘制和阅读零件图和装配图的基本能力。
1. 零件图(1)了解零件图的作用与内容，能正确绘制和阅读中等复杂程度的零件图（视图不少于4个）。
(2)尺寸标注完全、清晰、符合标准。
(3)能注写已知的表面粗糙度符号、尺寸公差与配合代号。
2. 标准件和常用件（1）掌握螺纹、常用螺纹紧固件及其连接的规定画法，并能按已知条件进行标注。
（2）掌握圆柱齿轮及其啮合的画法。
3. 装配图了解装配图的作用与内容，能正确绘制和阅读中等复杂程度的装配图（装配体中有非标准零件10～15件左右），阅读的装配图应比绘制的复杂一些；有关作业包括二装（测绘或拼画二个部件装配图）和二拆（由装配图拆画零件图）。
（四）计算机绘图利用绘图软件，掌握计算机绘画工程图样的技能。
1. 熟练掌握平面几何图形的作图方法。
2. 掌握计算机绘画零件图的方法，包括视图、尺寸标注及技术要求的注写。
3. 了解计算机绘画装配图的方法。
三、课程适用专业机械类各专业四、课程的教学内容、要求与学时分配1．理论教学部分：2．实验教学部分隔周安排一次上机作图，两次零件测绘，要求熟练掌握零件图的手工及计算机绘制方法。
五、教材和主要参考资料本课程所用的教材为《计算机工程制图》，华南理工大学出版社，陈锦昌等主编。
六、课程考核方式考试。
Course SyllabusCourse TitleEngineering DrawingParticipants:undergraduate students in all mechanics majorsCourse Semester：semester 1 and semester 2, the first yearTotal Lectures：6 lectures/week×18 weeks+ 4 lectures/week×18 weeks = 180 lecturesCredits：6Textbook：Zhong Jiaqi, Chinese-English Engineering Graphics, Higher Education Press, 2006.7.Supplementary Texts：Chen Jinchang, Computer Engineering Drawing, South China University of Technology Press, 2005.7.Lin HU, Engineering Drawing (Chinese-English Bilingual Edition), China Machine Press, 2005.9.Course Description:Engineering drawing is an application oriented course that introduces the preparation, representation and reading of engineering drawings. Engineering drawing, similar to characters and numbers, is one of the indispensable tools used by human for technical communication and is an important technical document in industry for design, manufacture, operation, and maintenance, so it is called as “a common technical language for engineers”. This course teaches students the related national standards in Mechanical Drawing and Technical Drawing as well as the basic engineering knowledge, basic theories of drawing preparation, regulations, up-to-date drawing technologies, etc.This course is with emphases on precise understanding and apprehension of the basic theories, procedures and skills of drawing, for students to communicate effectively with their working partners in the future. It also emphasizes on comprehension and application of various representation modes and drawing technologies, for students to have an all-round and integrated grasp of the relationship between technology and standard in design. The difficulty of the course lies in the cultivation of spatial imagination and spatial logical thinking. A student lack of practical experience and education in manufacturing has to make great effort to learn, understand and use the introduced theories and methods.Course Objectives:After completing this course, students should be able to:1)Understand and use the basic theory of orthographic projection and learn how to applyprojection to view and analysis of engineering solids;2)Comprehend the structure and the representation of engineering components.3)Have the skills in spatial-visual thought, spatial imagination, exploration and innovation.4)Read and prepare engineering drawings.5)Work with a careful, down-to-earth, meticulous, serious and faithful style and with a sciencespirit.Lecture Contents and Proportion:NOTES: ** -The content only be introduced briefly.Chpater 1 Basic Drawing (4 lectures)1)Engineering Graphics2)Drafting Standards3)Sheet Size and Layouts4)Scales5)Lettering6)Types of lines7)Line Techniques8)Basic Dimensioning9)Dimensioning in Limited10)Dimensioning in Limited Space11)View12)Freehand DrawingChpater 2 Drawing Equipment (2 lectures)1)Pencils2)T-Square and Triangles3)Triangular Scales4)Compass5)Dividers6)French CurvesChpater 3 Geometric Construction (2 lectures)1)Dividing circles into equal parts2)Drawing a line tangent to an arc or two arcs3)Joining two lines with an arc4)Joining two arcs with an arc5)Ellipse construction6)Slopes and tapers7)Construction of plane figures8)Order of inkingChpater 4 One-plane Projection (4 lectures)1)Projections2)Axonometric Projection3)The Parameters of Axonometric Projection4)Axonometric Projections of Simple Objects5)Circles in Isometric Drawing6)Circles in Cabinet DrawingChpater 5 Multiplanar Orthographic Projection (4 lectures)1)Orthographic Projection2)Projections of Points in a Three-Projection-Plane System3)Spatial Visualization of Three-plane System4)The Rules of Projection of a Point5)Coordinates of a Point6)Relative Positions of a Point7)First Auxiliary Projections of a Point8)Second Auxiliary Projections of a PointChpater 6 Fundamental Spatial Relationships: Lines (4 lectures)1)Projections of Lines2)Positions of Lines3)True length Projections of a line4)Point-wise Projection of a line5)Property of Subordination: Points on Lines6)Proportionality: Proportional Division of a Line7)Parallelism: lines8)Perpendicularity: Lines9)The Theorem of PerpendicularityChpater 7 Fundamental Spatial Relationships: Planes (4 lectures)1)Projections of Planes2)Positions of Planes3)Line-wise Projection of a Plane4)True Shape Projection of a Plane5)Property of Subordination: Points and Lines on Planes6)Proportionality: Proportional Division of a Plane7)Parallelism: Lines and Planes/Planes8)Perpendicularity: Special-position Planes9)Perpendicularity: Lines and Planes/Planes10)Perpendicularity: A Pair of Perpendicular Diameters on a Circular Plane Chpater 8 Applied Spatial Relationships: Location Problems (4 lectures)1)Determination of Visibility2)Piercing Points (Special Positions)3)Piercing Points (Cutting Plane Method)4)Piercing Points (Auxiliary Projection Method)5)Intersection of Planes (Special Positions)6)Intersection of Planes (Auxiliary projection Method)7)Intersection of Planes (Cutting Plane Method)8)Location Using LociChpater 9 Applied Spatial Relationships: Measuring Problems (4 lectures)1)Distance between Two Points2)Distance from a Point To a Plane3)Distance from a Point To a Line4)Distance between Two Parallel Lines5)Distance between Two Skew Lines6)Angle between a Line and a Principal Projection Plane7)Angle between a Plane and a Principal Projection Plane8)Angle between Two Intersecting Lines9)Angle between Two PlanesChpater 10 Basic Solids And Their Intersections (8 lectures)1)Lines of Intersection2)The Method of Finding Intersections3)Basic Solids—Prisms4)Intersection of a Line and a Prism5)Intersection of a Plane and a Prism6)Intersection of Two Prisms7)Basic Solids—Pyramids8)Intersection of a Line and a Pyramid9)Intersection of a Plane and a Pyramid10)Intersection of a Prism and a Pyramid11)Basic Solids—Cylinders12)Intersection of a Line and a Cylinder13)Intersection of a Plane and a Cylinder14)Intersection of Two Cylinders15)Intersection of Two Cylinders (Not at Right Angles)16)Basic Solids—Cones17)Intersection of a Line and a Cone18)Intersection of a Plane and a Cone19)Intersection of a Plane and a Cone (Conic Sections)20)Intersection of Two Cones21)Intersection of a Cone and a Cylinder22)Basic Solids—Spheres23)Intersection of a Line and a Sphere24)Intersection of a Plane and a Sphere25)Intersection of a Sphere and a Cylinder26)Basic Solids—Tori27)Intersection of a Plane and a Torus28)Intersection of Surfaces (Special Case)Chpater 12 Composite Solids (8 lectures)1)Shape Analysis2)Making a Drawing of a Composite Solid3)Surface Analysis4)Reading a Drawing of a Composite Solid5)Constructing a Third View of a Composite Solid6)Dimensioning of Composite Solids7)Procedure in Dimensioning Composite Solids8)Axonometric Projections of Composite Solids9)Dimensions on Axonometric Projections10)Sectioning in Axonometric ProjectionsChpater 13 Representation of drawings (10 lectures)1)Principal Views and Reference Arrow Views2)Local and Inclined views3)Sectional Views4)Symbols for sections5)Full Sectional views6)Half Sectional views7)Local Sectional views8)Types of cutting planes9)Inclined Views in Section10)Thin Members in Sectional Views11)Cross-sections12)Revolved Cross-sections13)Removed Cross-sections14)Local Enlarged Views15)Views of symmetrical parts16)Adjacent Parts and Features located in Front of a Cutting Plane17)Conventional Representation of Breaks18)Conventional Representation of intersections19)Simplified Representation of Small Features or Slopes20)Simplified Representation of Repetitive features21)Simplified Representation of Sectioning Symbols22)Simplified Representation of Basically Symmetrical parts23)Simplified Representation of Patterns24)Application of Methods of Representation –Examples25)**Third Angle projectionChpater 14 Detail Drawings (12 lectures)1)Detail and Assembly Drawings2)Selection of Views3)Datums for Dimensioning4)Functional Dimensions and Non-functional Dimensions5)Dimensioning on Detail Drawings6)Dimensioning of Typical Features7)Dimensioning between Finished Surfaces and Unfinished Surfaces8)Simplified Method of Dimensioning9)Method of Taking Measurements10)Surface Quality11)Surface roughness Symbols12)**Position of the Specifications of Surface Texture in the Symbol13)Two Rules for Indicating Surface Roughness Parameters on Drawings14)Indicating of Surface Roughness Symbols on Drawings15)Simplified Indication of Surface Roughness Symbols16)**Surface Coating and Heat Treatment17)Features of Casting Processes18)Features of Machining Processes19)Measuring and Drawing a part20)Reading Detail Drawings21)Detail Drawings of Machine-made Parts22)**Detail Drawings of Cast/Forged Parts23)**Detail Drawings of Stamped Parts24)**Drawings for Welded PartsChpater 15 Threads (4 lectures)1)Threads2)Elements of Threads3)Incomplete of Threads4)Metric Threads5)Other Types of Standard Threads Commonly Used6)**Non-standard Threads7)Conventional Representation of Threads8)Standard Thread Designation9)Designation of Thread Pairs10)Indication of Thread and Thread-pair Designations11)**Thread MeasurementsChpater 16 Fasteners (6 lectures)1)Fasteners2)Threaded Fasteners3)Representation of Bolts and Nuts4)Bolt Joints5)Stud Joints6)Screw Joints7)Key Joints8)**Spline Joints9)Pin Joints10)**Elastic Collar Joints11)**Locking Devices12)Springs13)Representation of Helical Springs14)Representation of Springs in Assembly Drawings15)Riveted Joints16)Welding17)**Welding Symbols18)**Indication of Welding Symbols19)**Dimensioning of WeldsChpater 17 Shafts and Bearings (4 lectures)1)Shafts and Bearings2)Standard Process Features on Shafts3)Representation of Rolling Bearings4)Rolling-bearing codes5)Design of Rolling-bearing AssembliesChpater 18 Gears (4 lectures)1)Gears2)Spur Gears Terminology3)Tooth Form4)Tooth Size5)Gear Calculations6)**Gear Machining7)Conventional Representation of Cylindrical Gears8)Detail Drawings of Cylindrical Gears9)**Bevel Gears10)**Worms and Worm WheelsChpater 19 Size Tolerances and Geometric Tolerance (4 lectures)1)Size Tolerances2)Determination of Tolerances Zones3)Fits4)Systems of Fits5)Preferred Fits6)Calculations of Limits and Fits7)Indication of Limits and Fits on Drawings8)**Indication of Tolerances on Parts Fitted with Standard Items9)**Relationship between Tolerances and Roughness Values10)**Selection of Fits11)Geometric Tolerances12)Geometric Tolerance Symbols13)Indication of Geometric TolerancesChpater 20 Assembly Drawings (12 lectures)1)Assembly Drawings2)General Conventions in Assembly Drawings3)Special Conventions in Assembly Drawings4)Dimensioning on Assembly Drawings5)Item Blocks (Lists)6)Item Numbers7)Feature of Assembly Processes8)Making an Assembly Drawing from Detail Drawings9)Making an Assembly Drawing of an Existing Article10)Procedures for Drawing Assembly Drawings11)Reading Assembly Drawings12)Making Detail Drawings from an Assembly DrawingChpater 21 Brief Introduction to AutoCAD Computer Graphics (18 lectures)1)The User Interface2)Basic Drawing Techniques3)Basic Drawing Techniques-To Draw Lines,Xlines,Polygons and Rectangles4)Basic Drawing Techniques-Polylines,Arces,Circles and Multiline Text5)Basic Drawing Techniques-Object Selection6)Basic Drawing Techniques-Editing Operation(Erase,Copy and Offset)7)Basic Drawing Techniques-Editing Operation(Move,Rotate,Scale,Trim,Break)8)To Draw Precisely-Ortho Mode and Grid Snap9)To Draw Precisely-Object Snap10)To Draw Precisely-Object Snap Tracking11)To Draw Precisely-Construction of Plane Figures12)Display Controls-Zooming and Panning13)Making A Drawing on Layers-Creating a New Layer14)Making A Drawing on Layers-Assigning colors,LineTypes and Lineweights15)Making A Drawing on Layers-Making a Layer Current and Controlling Layer Statuses16)Making A Drawing on Layers-Changing the Properties of Objects17)Making a Three-view Drawing-Using the Snap with the Grid18)Making a Three-view Drawing-The use of Xlines19)Common Procedures fo Making a Three-view Drawing20)Drawing Sectional Views21)Dimensioning22)Setting up a Dimension Style23)Dimension Editing《计算机绘图》教学大纲总学时：48理论课学时：32实验课学时：16一、课程的性质本课程是研究应用计算机技术进行图形图像处理的技术基础课程。
