专八听力常用速记符号

一些常用的速记缩写词和符号大于＞小于＜小于或等于≢大于或等于≣等于、意味着=不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N同意Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于↔胜利V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是=＞将来; 过去<促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要**坚持≡关键！有关@替换为∽与……比较而言‖空洞○代表△口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。

记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。

人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。

顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。

影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。

即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。

因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。

做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。

口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。

口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。

2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。

3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。

只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。

例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。

4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。

Equal: = diameter:θ boost, improve, enhance, strengthen: ↑triangle, delta: ∆ plus: + pressure, influence: minus: -approximately, about, nearly, around, almost: ≈ times: ╳as always, at all times: ≡ divided by: ÷ into: → degree: ℃contact, exchanges: ∞ percent: % conflicts, disputes, contradictions: >＜per thousand: ‰ twists and turns: ＜＜ between: ∣∙∣belong to, is of, of: ∈ because, because of, due to: ∵victory, win, success: V therefore, so , as a result, consequently: ∴by, with, %, in: / as always, hold on, persist, insist on: ≡is (much) greater/bigger/ larger/ faster/quicker/ heavier/ older than/ superior to/ surpass: >wonder, miracle: ! about: @is (much) less/ smaller/ lighter/ younger/ fewer/ inferior to / worse than: ＜on one hand: / on the other hand: / varies as, in direct proportion to: ∝relation, relationship: & parallel, is parallel to: ∥future: ↗right angle: ∟ not agree: N perpendicular(垂直的), is perpendicular to:⊥agree: Y circle, circumference: 〇 fine, good: + ellipse(椭圆): 0better, much better: ++ in conclusion: ＝＞ bad, weak: ╳empty: Οworse, weaker: - representative, delegation: ∆ sterling, pound: ₤Australian dollar: #A US dollar: US$ Austrian schilling: Schrenminbi: RMB/ ¥ Canadian dollar: Can$缩略词的写法的四种方式：（一）拿掉所有元音（二）、保留前几个字母（三）保留开头和结尾的发音字母（四）根据发音。

英语听力速记符号一、字母和缩写1. A - 代表“always” 总是2. B - 代表“because” 因为3. C - 代表“can’t” 不能4. D - 代表“don’t” 不要5. E - 代表“everything” 每件事6. F - 代表“friend” 朋友7. G - 代表“goodbye” 再见8. I - 代表“if” 如果9. J - 代表“just” 只是10. K - 代表“known” 知道二、数字和数学符号1. # - 代表“number” 数字2. × - 代表“multiply” 乘法3. / - 代表“divide” 除法4. + - 代表“plus” 加法5. - - 代表“minus” 减法6. < - 代表“less than” 小于7. > - 代表“greater than” 大于8. = - 代表“equals” 等于9. ( - 代表“open parenthesis” 开括号10. ) - 代表“close parenthesis” 闭括号三、标点和符号1. , - 代表“comma” 逗号2. . - 代表“period” 句号3. ? - 代表“question mark” 问号4. ! - 代表“exclamation mark” 感叹号5. ; - 代表“semicolon” 分号6. " - 代表“quotation marks” 双引号或单引号7. ' - 同上，也是引号的意思8. : - 同上，也是引号的意思9. & - 代表“and” 和10. * - 代表“star” 星号或乘号的意思四、图像和图形1. @ - 可以代表“at the” 在某处或某个时间点前2. @@ - 可以代表重复前一个符号或单词3. ~ - 可以代表“wave” 波浪形状，也可以表示声音的延长。

秋风清，秋月明,落叶聚还散,寒鸦栖复惊。

听力速记符号汇编常用速记箭头汇编g1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit tof1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编：+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately, etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.1.Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily.A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。

专八英语听力速记专用符号1、数学符号+ ：plus and in addition++(+2)：more+3：most－：minus lack i×：“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念√：correct good positive affirmative）> ：（bigger/larger/greater< ：less/smaller/fewer than≥：≤：= ：≠ ：≈：?：“属于”（belong to）( )：(among within etc. )∵：∴:⊥: based on…2、标点符号: say speak talk marks announce declare express think etc.? question，doubt! dangerous warning alarming alert hazardous jeopardy w…3、图形符号☆ important，exemplary⊙ meeting meet conference discussion negotiation），□ 国家□/□ 国与国∪因形状看起来像酒杯，表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”（agreement accord treaty contract）。

因此，“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别在∪里面加上2、3或者m（多）.>< 对立、冲突＜＜波折∩? 进入∞? 接触、交往⊥? 分歧≡? 坚持！? 关键!? 奇观@? 有关∽? 替换为○? 空洞△代表表示“和”，“与”：and，together with，along with，accompany，along withｅ謚rther more，etc.＃表示“结束”：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill /stop etc.∟ 加在动词下表示“过去”、“ …过”或“ …了”」加在动词下表示“将来”※特征、特点（feature character characteristic symbol sign exemplify）∧领导♀ female♂ male…4、箭头符号↑ 表示“上升”、↓ 表示“减少”、← 原因→ 导致、结果5、惯用符号（缩写）(1) 常用字母c表示“世纪”（century），比如“21世纪”可以写成21ce表示“经济”（economy economic economics）n表示“很多个”（many much several）…(2) 英文缩写(适用于高频词)○1保留前几个字母Com：Edu：e.g.：info：IOU：I/O：ASAP:AMAP：TEL:Max：Min：Esp:…○2 拿掉所有元音MKT:MSG:STD:RCV:AD:DEPT:STD:…○3保留开头和结尾的辅音字母WK：…○4根据发音R：U：UR：THO：THRU：。

1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。

常用速记符号大于＞小于＜小于或等于≤大于或等于≥等于、意味着=不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N同意Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于↔胜利V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是=＞促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要**坚持≡关键！奇观!有关@替换为∽但是‖与……比较而言∥空洞○代表△口译笔记的功能是：第一、具有辅助短时记忆的作用，避免遗忘漏失。

第二、透过图像、版面与符号的交错运用，笔记具有语段逻辑分析与保存的功能，能将语篇的段落整理清楚并保存一段时间。

笔记是口译讯息整理与保存的工具，运用这项工具时必须先了解到底笔记的内容是什么。

缩减练习中已经提到，建立新架构的必要讯息是5W1H「六何」（何人、何事、何时、何地、何物、如何）。

再加上，数字与专有名词就是了。

在讯息内容之外，还要进一步掌握的就是讯息内容之间的关系。

讯息关系内容说明方法运用段落的顺序显示出语篇或语意的段落画线或排列表示逻辑的关系祝贺、谢词、欢迎、感想运用笔记符号表示强弱的程度表达状语等修饰词，如「极为」、「少许」、「经常」、「偶而」等在右上角用1-2个+ -！？等表示变化的情形升高、降低、波动、剧变运用＜＞↗↘↑→等表示一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。

口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。

口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。

2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。

3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。

只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。

例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。

1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit to1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of,etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage ofetc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in otherwords，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately,etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc. APT apartmentACC accountantACDG accordingACPT acceptAD advertisementADS addressADV adviseAMAP as much as possibleAMT amountAPV approveASAP as soon as possibleBAL balancceBLDG buildingCERT certificateCFM conformCNCL cancelCNF conferenceCMI commissionCMPL completeCMPE competeCMU communicationCONC concernCOND conditionCO. companyDEPT departmentDISC discountDRT departureEXCH exchangeEXPLN explainEXT extent一、缩略词（缩略词的写法一般为四种方式）拿掉所有元音MKT marketMGR managerMSG messageSTD standardRCV receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeIOU I owe youI/O In stead of保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP（T）ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS（BL）PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityⅠ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/atEg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，dropⅡ数学用符号＋plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说) Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad＞more than, greater, more and more, superior to＜less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴so, thereforeⅢ其它。