汉英翻译常见错误分析
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汉英翻译常见错误分析
一、汉英翻译错误分析
大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄, 酿酒和饮酒, 喂牛和挤奶, 锄草和栽花; 在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜, 在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样, 每个地方都有自己的传说, 风俗也就衍传了下来。
常见错误一：词汇错误
1.词的理解偏差
2.词的上下搭配
词汇错误1 ：词义理解偏差
(大自然的)恩赐: presents
人，人们: human beings，men
种植(庄稼和葡萄):plant crops and grapes
栽(花): plant flowers
锄草:get rid of grass
温馨家园: warm houses， warm residences，warm family
词汇错误2：词的上下搭配错误
喂牛和挤奶：
牛：cattle（牛，总称）；bull（公牛）；cow（母牛）；calf（牛犊）；ox（牛，统称；或公牛）；bullock（阉牛）；buffalo（水牛）
错译：feed bulls and milk cow（喂公牛和挤母牛的奶）；feed oxen and milk them；feed bulls
for milk
词汇错误2：词的上下搭配错误
喂牛和挤奶：
改译：使用及物动词，feed cattle and milk cows, feed cows and milk them, feed and milk
cows, feed cows for milk；使用不及物动词，feed cattle and milk, feed cows and milk
词汇错误2：词的上下搭配错误
酿酒和饮酒：
酒：alcohol, wine, liquor, spirits, beer, whisky
错译：brew wine and drink alcohol, brew spirits and drink wine, brew wine and drink beer
词汇错误2：词的上下搭配错误
酿酒和饮酒：
改译：使用使用及物动词，brew and drink wine；使用不及物动词，brew and drink
词汇错误2：词的上下搭配错误
一致并深深地依赖: depend deeply and unanimously，depend deeply and identically
种植(庄稼和葡萄): raise crops and grapes
栽(花): raise flowers
锄草: get rid of grass
温馨家园: warm family
常见错误二：词语顺序
无论贫富: poor and rich，whether we are poor or not
跳舞和唱歌:dance and sing
常见错误三：语篇错误 1.逐字翻译，画蛇添足
2.重复不当，不合习惯
3.断句不当，割裂语篇
语篇错误1：逐字翻译，画蛇添足
例 1、 在 周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。
原译 :On weekends they go to church to pray and do religious services; in holiday they go to
the square to play musical instruments, dance and sing.
语篇错误1：逐字翻译，画蛇添足
例 1、 在 周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。
改 译:On weekends they go to church，and on holidays they enjoy playing music while
singing and dancing in open squares
语篇错误1：逐字翻译，画蛇添足
例 2、 往 日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。
原 译 : Those fields in the past/ of yesterday are still cozy homelands at present/ nowadays/
of today.
改 译 ::Thus their olden homelands remain as sweet as ever…
语篇错误2：重复不当，不合习惯
例 3、所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。
原 译 :S o people all deeply depend on nature. Especially in the countryside, people keep
the unchangeable way of lives for thousands of years.
语篇错误2：重复不当，不合习惯
例 3、所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。
改译 :That accounts for their deep-rooted attachment to her, especially in the country
where their ways of life have been kept intact for thousands of years.
语篇错误3：断句不当，割裂语篇
例 3、大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。
原译一 :Nature always distributes its resources to human beings. And every man gets
equally from it.
原译二 : The gifts bestowed by nature are equally distributed among mankind. No matter
one is rich or poor, he receives the same from nature.
语篇错误3：断句不当，割裂语篇
例 3、大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。
改译 : All people are blessed by nature,rich and poor alike.
语篇错误3：断句不当，割裂语篇
例 9、 尤 其是在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。
原 译 一 :Especially in the countryside, people's living patterns haven't changed for a
thousand years, and people there still live in the same life style.
原 译 二 :This was especially true in the country. There people have been living in an
unchanged way for a thousand years
语篇错误3：断句不当，割裂语篇
例 9、 尤 其是在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。
改 译 :That accounts for their deep-rooted attachment to her, especially in the country where their ways of life have been kept intact for thousands of years.
精彩译文
All people are blessed by nature, rich and poor alike. That accounts for their deep rooted
attachment to her, especially in the country where their ways of life have been kept intact for
thousands of years. They grow crops and grapes, brew the wine that they drink, raise cows
for milk，and weed their gardens for the cultivation of flowers. On weekends they go to
church，and on holidays they enjoy playing music while singing and dancing in open squares.
Thus their olden homelands remain as sweet as ever, each with a unique folklore from which
its customs have derived.
二、汉英翻译三步策略
什么是句子？
A sentence is a group of words which, when they are written down, begin with a capital
letter and end with a full stop, question mark or exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a
subject and a verb.
一个句子就是一组词，在书面语中，每一个句子首词的第一个字母大写，句末用句号、问号或者感叹号；大多数句子有主语和谓语。
结论1
英语的句子中，大多数句子都有主语和谓语。那么汉英翻译，只要我们能把汉语转变成为准确通顺的英语，就需要搭建英语的主语和谓语等句式结构。
除了主语和谓语之外，当然还有修饰语。
所以，定主语、找谓语、加修饰就成了汉英翻译的最简单，最有效，最不容易犯错误的方法。
汉英翻译三步策略
定主语——找谓语——加修饰
你知道我们图书馆所订购书籍的数量吗？
定主语：你 you
找谓语：知道数量吗？know the number?
加修饰：知道书籍的数量，知道图书馆所订购书籍的数量
Do you know the number of the books ordered by our library?
英语本身语法非常严谨，逻辑非常严密的特点，所以，在汉英翻译中，主语的确定就是成功构建英语句式结构的关键，也是保证英语译文和汉语原文功能对等的关键。
1.定主语：
1.1.确定原文的主语为译文主语
当前，国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最深刻的变化。
At present, the international situation is experiencing the most complicated and
profound changes since the end of Cold War.
