西湖的介绍资料

西湖十景，美在人间天堂西湖啊，那可是咱杭州的一颗大明珠。

而西湖十景呢，就像是明珠上最闪亮的十个光点，各有各的妙处。

先说说“苏堤春晓”吧。

这苏堤啊，就像一条绿色的丝带，横卧在西湖上。

春天的时候，堤上的柳树都冒出了嫩绿的芽儿，风一吹，柳枝就像姑娘的长发轻轻飘舞。

桃花也开得红红火火，粉粉嫩嫩的花瓣，就像小姑娘的脸蛋。

沿着苏堤慢慢走，能闻到淡淡的花香，听到鸟儿欢快的歌声，仿佛整个世界都变得生机勃勃起来。

就像古人说的“最爱湖东行不足，绿杨阴里白沙堤”，在这苏堤上漫步，心里满是欢喜。

“曲院风荷”也是一绝。

一到夏天，这里简直就是荷花的世界。

大大的荷叶像一把把绿伞，挨挨挤挤地铺满了池塘。

荷花从这些荷叶中间冒出来，有的还是花骨朵，像个害羞的小娃娃；有的半开着，像个娇俏的少女；有的全开了，像个盛装的仙子。

那粉色的花瓣上挂着晶莹的水珠，在阳光的照耀下，闪闪发光。

微风吹过，荷花和荷叶轻轻摇曳，发出沙沙的声响，仿佛在低声细语。

站在曲院风荷边，看着这满池的荷花，感觉连空气都变得清凉香甜起来。

“平湖秋月”在秋天就大放光彩了。

当夜幕降临，明月高悬在天空，洒下银色的光辉，照在平静的湖面上。

湖水就像一面巨大的镜子，月亮的倒影在里面清清楚楚。

湖边的树影倒映在水里，和月亮的影子交织在一起，美极了。

这时候，要是坐在湖边的亭子里，泡上一壶茶，慢慢品着，看着这湖光月色，思绪都会飘得很远很远。

就好像自己走进了一幅古画里，成了那个在西湖边赏月的文人雅士。

“断桥残雪”可就带着点浪漫的传说了。

冬天，当雪花纷纷扬扬地飘落，断桥被雪覆盖。

桥的中间好像断了一样，其实是一种奇妙的视觉效果。

传说许仙和白娘子就是在这断桥上相遇的。

想象一下，在一个雪后的清晨，白娘子撑着油纸伞，缓缓走上断桥，那画面该有多美。

站在断桥上，看着周围银装素裹的世界，仿佛能听到千百年前的故事在耳边回响。

“花港观鱼”里的鱼儿可有趣了。

那池塘里五颜六色的鱼儿，红的像火，白的像雪，黑的像墨。

它们在水里自由自在地游来游去，一会儿成群结队，像一片五彩的云朵在水中飘动；一会儿又散开，各自追逐嬉戏。

西湖十景资料简介
西湖十景是杭州西湖的十个著名景点，包括：三潭印月、南屏晚钟、苏堤春晓、曲院风荷、断桥残雪、花港观鱼、柳浪闻莺、雷峰夕照、双峰插云。

三潭印月：是西湖中的三个湖心小岛，位于白堤东端，面积约为0.38平方公里。

三座小岛形似莲花，大小不一，岛上树木葱茏，四季花香。

每逢春季，三潭映月湖水清澈，景色迷人。

南屏晚钟：位于西湖北岸雷峰塔下，也称雷峰夕照。

据《西湖游览志》记载：“登楼远眺，雷峰塔影、南屏晚钟、曲院风荷
之胜景，历历在目。

”
苏堤春晓：位于西湖南岸杨公堤中段东侧的山坡上。

早在唐代就已建成，因地势高敞，林木葱茏而得名。

苏堤全长近3000米，曲折回环于西湖之滨，两旁绿树芳草之间点缀着亭台楼阁。

曲院风荷：位于西湖西南岸，以荷花著称。

湖中有荷花300多个品种，花色繁多。

每到盛夏时节，微风吹拂，荷香阵阵，沁人心脾；秋冬时节则霜打荷叶，亭亭如盖。

雷峰塔：位于西湖南岸夕照山的雷峰塔是西湖三大历史名塔之一。

—— 1 —1 —。

西湖资料简介作文
《西湖，那迷人的地方》
嘿，大家知道吗？有个特别美的地儿叫西湖。

我记得我第一次去西湖的时候，哎呀妈呀，真被震撼到了。

当天阳光特别好，照得那湖水亮晶晶的，就跟撒了一大把钻石在上面似的。

我沿着湖边慢慢地走，微风轻轻拂过脸庞，那感觉可太舒服啦。

走着走着，我看到了岸边的柳树，那柳枝垂下来，就像小姑娘的辫子似的，随着风摇来摇去，别提多俏皮了。

然后我看到好多人在坐船游湖，我也心痒痒地去坐了。

船慢慢地划开，在湖面上留下一道道水痕。

远处的山，近处的水，旁边的古建筑，哇，那景色真是绝了。

我就那么傻乎乎地一直看，感觉眼睛都不够用了呢。

西湖真的太大了，一天根本逛不完。

我都不知道自己走了多少路，看到了多少美景，但每一处都让我记忆深刻。

在西湖边，感觉时间都变慢了，所有的烦恼也都被抛到九霄云外去了，这就是西湖的魅力啊。

总之，西湖就是个特别棒的地方，有机会大家一定要去好好感受感受，相信你也会被它迷住的。

我呢，也还想着啥时候再去好好欣赏欣赏那美丽的西湖呢！
怎么样，听我这么一说，是不是对西湖特别向往呀？哈哈。

西湖资料西湖位于杭州市西部而得名。

西湖旧称西子湖、钱塘湖，自宋代以来一直通称为西湖。

杭州西湖三面环山，一面临市，风景区面积可达50平方公里，但西湖水面只有6平方公里，湖岸的周长约15公里，由苏堤与白堤将湖面分成了外湖、里湖、岳湖、西里湖和小南湖五个湖区。

西湖中有孤山、湖心亭、小瀛洲、阮公墩等四个岛屿。

于是常有人用“一山、二堤、四岛、五湖”来概括西湖的风景。

其实，西湖的名胜古迹很多，约有40多处，光是重点古迹也有30余处。

西湖的景区大致可分为四个景区，即西湖区、北山区、南山区和钱塘区。

西湖区自古以来就有传统著名景观为“西湖十景”：苏堤春晓、柳浪闻莺、曲院风荷、平湖秋月、三潭印月、雷峰夕照、南屏晚钟、断桥残雪、双峰插云，花港观鱼等。

苏堤，俗称苏公堤，南起南屏路，北接曲院风荷，横贯湖区南北，全长2.8公里；漫步堤上看春晓，雾中西湖苏醒，鸟语花香，意境动人，因而这里被称“苏堤春晓”，为西湖之首。

在西湖的东南岸涌金门与清波门之间的湖滨地带，为南宋时期的御花园，园中有柳浪桥，沿湖植柳甚多，柳枝好像绿色的幔帐，春风吹动，如碧浪翻飞，柳荫深处时时传来黄莺的叫声，故名曰“柳浪闻莺”。

现在这已扩建成公园，全园植垂柳、花木，中心地带还有一片樱花和海棠，景致别有特色。

位于苏堤虹桥西北、洪春桥南有一座造酒的曲院，院中种植荷藕，春末夏初荷花盛开，香风四起，“映日荷花别样红”，因而取名“曲院风荷”；水静风来，游人犹如进入了一个清凉的世界。

位于白堤西端，三面临水，背靠孤山，在皓月当空的秋夜里，湖水平静如镜，清辉如泻，故名“平湖秋月”；有古诗云：“万顷湖平长似境，四时月好最宜秋”。

在小瀛洲岛南湖的水面上，有三座造型别致的小石塔，塔高约2米，塔身中空，周围有洞孔，月夜如在塔内点上蜡烛，烛光从塔洞口内透出，倒映在水中，构成了“天上月一轮，湖中影成三”的景象，取名“三潭印月”，景色十分奇丽。

雷峰塔又叫黄妃塔，在西湖南岸的夕照山上，旧有七级雷峰塔，每当夕阳西照，宝塔金碧与山光辉映，别具风韵，所以叫“雷峰夕照”；民间传说，白蛇传中的白娘子，被法海和尚镇压在此塔下面，此塔于1924年9月25日倒塌。

西湖介绍资料西湖介绍资料湖，是一首诗，一幅天然图画，一个美丽动人的故事，不论是多年居住在这里的人还是匆匆而过的旅人，无不为这天下无双的美景所倾倒。

阳春三月，莺飞草长。

苏白两堤，桃柳夹岸。

下面是小编为大家整理的西湖介绍资料，希望能帮助到您！新西湖景区介绍：西湖周长15公里，新西湖指的是：一湖二塔三岛三堤；西湖全景的一湖指西湖，二塔指保俶塔和雷峰塔，三岛是指三潭印月、湖心亭和阮公墩，三堤是指苏堤、白堤和杨公堤，西湖景区介绍：整个景区面积为32平方公里，应该说处处有景，处处是精品，人文景观和历史遗存随处可指。

今年名气较为出彩的是杭州城西的西溪湿地，国家首个城市湿地公园，因电影非诚勿扰而出名。

核心景区介绍、推荐指数：1、环湖景区：是西湖十景荟萃之区，风景名胜区的核心主体与代表。

景区包括西湖环湖路以内绿地，景区内共有各级景点51处，其中特级景点15处。

（行经线路：南山路——-湖滨路——白堤——-苏堤——-杨公堤）推荐指数：5星+2、北山景区：这是一个城景结合的景区，以历史街区、登山观湖及名人文化为特点。

这一景区范围虽小，但是景点、文物与古迹众多，如岳飞庙。

（行经线路：北山路）推荐指数：4星+3、吴山景区：城景结合的景区，以襟江带湖之景及城市民俗文化为特点。

这一景区面积也不大，历史上就以“山上城隍庙，山下清河坊”联袂展演着杭州市民食、住、购、娱、游的.丰富活动。

（行经线路：高银街——河坊街—吴山广场）推荐指数：4星+。

4、植物园景区：这是以植物多样性和植物资源保护为代表的杭州西湖休闲型生态景观区。

景区绿荫浓浓，里面还有著名景区灵峰探梅花。

（行经线路：浙大——曙光路—植物园）推荐指数：4星-- ，5、凤凰山景区：这里是南宋与吴越文化的积聚区，景区内除南宋大内、御花园、太庙等遗址，我国最早的皇帝藉田———八卦田、五代吴越白塔等。

但是现在有些景观还没有完全建成。

（行经线路：南山路——过玉皇山隧道）推荐指数：3星+ 。

杭州西湖资料简介500字杭州西湖资料简介第一章：概述杭州西湖是中国历史文化名城杭州的地标和代表性景点，位于杭州市区西部，是中国重要的湖泊之一。

西湖周围有三座山脉环绕，南山、北山、西山，形成了独特的自然景观。

西湖历史悠久，可以追溯到公元前2000年左右，是中国著名的文化与旅游胜地。

第二章：历史西湖的历史可以追溯到大约2000年前的秦朝时期。

西湖最早的记录被发现于南北朝时期（420-589）。

在唐朝时期，西湖被称为“钱塘江上大西湖”，意为“大的西湖在钱塘江上”。

在宋朝时期，西湖变得更加繁荣，成为了一个重要的文化中心。

在元朝时期，西湖被赋予了更深层次的意义，成为了著名的国家级重要景点。

到了明朝时期，西湖成为了一个著名的文化胜地，吸引了大量的文人墨客前来游览和寻找灵感。

第三章：景点西湖是中国文化最古老、最丰富、最有代表性的部分之一。

西湖的景区包括了许多著名的景点，如“断桥残雪”、“三潭印月”、“花港观鱼”、“雷峰塔”等。

这些景点都有着不同的历史和文化含义，以及独特的自然景观。

第四章：文化西湖是一座充满文化气息的景区。

西湖周围有许多著名的文化古迹，如“孔庙”、“岳飞庙”、“葛岭”等，这些古迹都是杭州历史文化的重要组成部分。

此外，西湖也是中国文学的重要源头之一，吸引了许多文人墨客前来游览和创作。

许多著名的文学作品都和西湖有关，如《钱塘湖春行》、《赏心悦事·西湖·七夕》等。

第五章：环境保护西湖被誉为中国最美的湖泊之一，每年吸引了数百万游客前来游览。

为了保护西湖的环境，杭州市政府采取了一系列措施。

这些措施包括：加强对西湖周围环境的管理、提高游客环保意识、加强对污染源的管理等等。

通过这些措施，西湖的环境状况已经得到了很大的改善。

结论：西湖是中国历史文化名城杭州的地标和代表性景点，是中国文化最古老、最丰富、最有代表性的部分之一。

西湖周围有许多著名的文化古迹和景点，这些景点都有着不同的历史和文化含义，以及独特的自然景观。

西湖的资料西湖，位于浙江省杭州市西面，是中国大陆首批国家重点风景名胜区和中国十大风景名胜之一。

它是中国大陆主要的观赏性淡水湖泊之一，也是现今《世界遗产名录》中少数几个和中国唯一一个湖泊类文化遗产。

西湖三面环山，面积约6.39平方千米，东西宽约2.8千米，南北长约3.2千米，绕湖一周近15千米。

湖中被孤山、白堤、苏堤、杨公堤分隔，按面积大小分别为外西湖、西里湖、北里湖、小南湖及岳湖等五片水面，苏堤、白堤越过湖面，小瀛洲、湖心亭、阮公墩三个小岛鼎立于外西湖湖心，夕照山的雷峰塔与宝石山的保俶塔隔湖相映，由此形成了“一山、二塔、三岛、三堤、五湖”的基本格局。

楹联山山水水处处明明秀秀；晴晴雨雨时时好好奇奇。

——黄文中《孤山西湖天下景亭》青山有幸埋忠骨；白铁无辜铸佞臣。

——徐氏女《岳王庙》湖山此地曾埋玉；花月其人可铸金。

——陈曾洛《西泠桥畔慕才亭》我忆家风负梅鹤；天教处士领湖山。

——林则徐《放鹤亭联》重重叠叠山，曲曲环环路；高高下下树，叮叮咚咚泉。

——俞樾《九溪十八涧》泉自几时冷起？峰从何处飞来？——董其昌《飞来峰下冷泉亭》诗词（节选名句）疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏。

——林逋《山园小梅》山外青山楼外楼，西湖歌舞几时休。

——林升《题临安邸》未能抛得杭州去，一半勾留是此湖。

——白居易《春题湖上》最爱湖东行不足，绿杨阴里白沙堤。

——白居易《钱塘湖春行》欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜。

——苏轼《饮湖上初晴后雨》毕竟西湖六月中，风光不与四时同。

——杨万里《晓出净慈寺送林子方》忆江南，最忆是杭州。

山寺月中寻桂子，郡亭枕上看潮头。

何日更重游？——白居易《江南忆》长忆钱塘，不是人寰是天上。

万家掩映翠微间。

处处水潺潺。

——潘阆《忆余杭》东南形胜，三吴都会，钱塘自古繁华。

烟柳画桥，风帘翠幕，参差十万人家。

——柳永《望海潮》散文“东南山水，余杭郡为最。

就郡言，灵隐寺为尤。

由寺观，冷泉亭为甲。

”——白居易《冷泉亭记》“君子之泽，岂独五世而已，盖得其人，则可至于百传。

西湖的景点西湖十景形成于南宋时期，基本围绕西湖分布，有的就位于湖上。

苏堤春晓、曲苑风荷、平湖秋月、断桥残雪、柳浪闻莺、花港观鱼、雷峰夕照、双峰插云、南屏晚钟、三潭印月，西湖十景个擅其胜，组合在一起又能代表古代西湖胜景精华，所以无论杭州本地人还是外地客都津津乐道，先游为快。

新西湖十景是一九八五年经过杭州市民及各地群众积极参与评选，并由专家评选委员会反复斟酌后确定的，它们是：云栖竹径、满陇桂雨、虎跑梦泉、龙井问茶、九溪烟树、吴山天风、阮墩环碧、黄龙吐翠、玉皇飞云、宝石流霞。

其它景点还有保俶挺秀、长桥旧月、古塔多情、湖滨绿廊、花圃烂漫、金沙风情、九里云松、梅坞茶景、西山荟萃、太子野趣、植物王国、中山遗址、灵隐佛国、岳王墓庙。

西湖名景演变：自从南宋的迁都，给西湖带来了前所未有的繁华，出现了名传千载的“西湖十景”，平湖秋月、苏堤春晓、断桥残雪、雷峰夕照、南屏晚钟、曲院风荷、花港观鱼、柳浪闻莺、三潭印月、双峰插云。

元人效仿宋代设了六桥烟柳、九里云松、灵石樵歌、孤山霁雪、北关夜市、葛岭朝暾、浙江秋涛、冷泉猿啸、两峰白云和西湖夜月的这个元十景。

清代添设的湖山春社、功德崇坊、海霞西爽、梅林归鹤、鱼沼秋蓉、莲池松舍、宝石凤亭、亭湾骑射、蕉石鸣琴、玉泉鱼跃、凤岭松涛、湖心平眺、吴山大观、天竺香市、云栖梵径、韬光观海及西溪探梅十八景。

直到现代的西湖新十景，云栖竹径、满陇桂雨、虎跑梦泉、龙井问茶、九溪烟树、吴山天风、阮墩环碧、黄龙吐翠、玉皇飞云和宝石流霞都无不流露出人们对西湖的喜欢之情。

西湖的地理位置杭州西湖位于浙江省杭州市西面，它以其秀丽的湖光山色和众多的名胜古迹而闻名中外，是我国著名的旅游胜地，也被誉为人间天堂。

西湖的水面面积约4.37平方公里（包括湖中岛屿为6．3平方公里），湖岸周长15公里。

水的平均深度在2.27米，最深处在5米左右，最浅处不到1米。

湖南北长3．3公里，东西宽2．8公里。

苏堤和白堤将湖面分成里湖、外湖、岳湖、西里湖和小南湖五个部分。

West LakeWest Lake or Xī Hú (Chinese: 西湖; literally "West Lake") is a famous fresh water lake located in the historic area of Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province in eastern China. The lake is divided by the causeways of Sū Dī (苏提/ 蘇堤), Bái Dī (白堤), and Yánggōng Dī (杨公堤/ 楊公堤). There are numerous temples, pagodas, gardens, and artificial islands within the lake.West Lake has influenced poets and painters throughout the ages for its natural beauty and historical relics, and it has been among the most important sources of inspiration for Chinese garden designers, as evidenced by the impact it had on various Chinese classical gardens.[1] It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011, and was described as having "influenced garden design in the rest of China as well as Japan and Korea over the centuries"[2] and as reflecting "an idealized fusion between humans and nature."[2]There are dozens of lakes called West Lake worldwide, but "West Lake" usually refers to the Hangzhou West Lake, which is located in the western area of Hangzhou City. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides. The average depth of West Lake is 3 meters, and the capacity is about 14,290,000 cubic meters. The lake is divided by Gu Shan, Bai, Su and Yanggong Causeways into five areas. Ordered by their areas, they are Outer West Lake (外西湖), West Inner Lake (西里湖, or 后西湖, or 后湖), North Inner Lake (北里湖or 里西湖), Little South Lake (小南湖or 南湖) and Yue Lake (岳湖). "Outer West Lake" is the largest. "Gu Shan" or Gu Hill is the largest natural island in the lake. Su & Bai Causeways run across the lake. Three small man-made islands, "Xiao Ying Zhou" (小瀛洲), "Hu Xin Ting" (湖心亭), and "Ruan Gong Dun" (阮公墩) lie in the center of Outer West Lake. Thus, the basic layout is "one hill, two causeways, three islands, and five lakes".West Lake is not only famous for its picturesque landscape, it is also associated with many scholars, national heroes and revolutionary martyrs, thus embracing many aspects of Chinese culture. In addition, many ancient buildings, stone caves andengraved tablets in surrounding areas are among the most cherished national treasures of China, with significant artistic value.[edit] HistoryThe earliest name for West Lake was "Wulin Water" (武林水). In the Book of Han, the "Geography Column" section says, "Qiantang, affiliated to west governor general. Wulin mountain is the origin of Wulin water. Runs east into the sea, covering 830 Chinese miles." Its former names include "Qian Water", "Qiantang Lake", "Mingsheng Lake", "Jinniu Lake", "Shihan Lake", "Shang Lake", "Lianyan Lake", "Fangsheng Pond", "Xizi Lake", "Gaoshi Lake", "Xiling Lake", "Meiren Lake", "Xianzhe Lake", "Mingyue Lake", and etc. But only two names were widely accepted in history and recorded in historical documents. One is "Qiantang Lake", due to the fact that Hangzhou was called "Qiantang" in ancient times. The other name is "West Lake", due to the lake being west of the city. The name "West Lake" first appeared in two poems of Bai Juyi, "Bestowed on guests as returning from West Lake in the evening and looking back to Gushan Temple" (西湖晚歸回望孤山寺贈諸客) and "On the returning boat to Hangzhou" (杭州回舫). Since North Song Dynasty, most poems and articles of scholars used the name "West Lake", while the name "Qiantang Lake" was gradually deprecated. "The request of dredging West Lake" written by Su Shi was the first time that "West Lake" appeared in an official document.[edit] Qin DynastyOver 2,000 years ago, West Lake was still a part of Qiantang River. Due to soil sedimentation, the feet of the surrounding mountains on north and south sides of the lake, Wu Mountain and Baoshi Mountain gradually stretched to form shoal heads. Later these sand spits slowly merged to into a sandbank, to which a lagoon emerged to the west: this was the old West Lake, of the Qin and Han dynastic eras. "West Lake Dream Searching" (西湖夢尋) written by Zhang Dai (張岱) recorded, "Big Stone Buddhist Temple. According to ancient history, Qin Shi Huang traveled east into the sea, and moored the boat to this stone." The Big Stone Buddhist Temple referred to was located at Baoshi Mountain, north of the West Lake. These days the "Qin Shi Huang mooring stone" can still be seen.[edit] Sui DynastyThe short lived Sui Dynasty was known for its great engineering works which it accomplished during its brief existence. After Daye 6th year (610), Sui Dynasty, the Jiangnan Canal was opened and connected to the North Canal. Thus, five major rivers of China, namely the Hai River, Y ellow River, Huai River, Y angtze River, and Qiantang Riverall were connected: this facilitated transportation to and from Hangzhou and thus boosting bith its and general economic development. Tourism in Hangzhou also started to boom.[edit] Tang DynastyIn the Tang Dynasty, West Lake had an area of roughly 10.8 square kilometers. The western and southern parts of the lake all extended to the foot of West Hill. The northeastern part stretched to Wulin Gate area. Pilgrims could take the boat to the hill-foot and walk up to the hill to worship. Because there was virtually no hydraulic project in those days, the lake flooded after heavy rains, and dried up during long droughts.Baochu PagodaView with the Leifeng Pagoda and Jingci Temple in the distanceIn September, Jianzhong 2nd year (781), Li Mi (李泌) was appointed governor of Hangzhou. In order to supply fresh water, he creatively induced the water into the city. He ordered six wells dug in populous areas like Qiantang Gate and Y ongjin Gate, and set up a "shadow conduit" (underground clay and bamboo pipes) to introduce lake water into the city. The six wells have long vanished today. The only existing relic from that time is the Xiangguo Well, located west of Jinting Bridge on Jiefang Rd. The other five wells were Xi Well (to west of Xiangguo Well), Fang Well (or Four-eyed Well), Jinniu Well (northwest of Xi Well), Baigui Well (west of Longxiang Bridge), and Xiaofang Well (or Six-eyed Well, inside Qiantang Gate, now Xiaoche Bridge area).In the middle of the Tang Dynasty Zhenyuan era (785-804), poet and government official Bai Juyi (白居易) was appointed governor of Hangzhou. Already an accomplished and famous poet, his deeds at Hangzhou made him a great governor. He realised that the farmland nearby depended on the water of Xī Hú, but due to the negligence of previous governors, the old dyke had collapsed, and the lake so dried out that the local farmers were suffering from severe drought. He ordered the construction of a stronger and taller dyke, with a dam to control the flow of water, and thus providing water for irrigation and so mitigating the drought problem. The livelihood of local people of Hangzhou improved over the following years. Bai Juyi used his leisure time to enjoy the beauty of Xī Hú, visiting the lake almost every day. He ordered the construction of a causeway connecting Broken Bridge with Solitary Hill to allow walking on foot, instead of requiring the services of a boat. He then planted coolabah trees and willows trees along the dyke, making it a beautiful landmark. Afterwards, this causeway was later named Bai Causeway (白堤) in Bai Juyi's honour.[edit] Five DynastiesThe most prominent eras in Hangzhou's development history, Wuyue Kingdom and Southern Song Dynasty, had great impacts on West Lake. The comprehensive development and fundamental layout of West Lake occurred in these two Dynasties.During Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, Wuyue Kingdom (907-960) made Hangzhou its capital. It facilitated the transportation to coastal regions, and promoted trading with foreign countries like Japan and Korea. In the meantime, successive emperors in Wuyue Kingdom paid great tribute to Buddhism, and built a number of temples, pagodas, shrines and grottos around the lake area. They expanded Lingyin Temple, founded Zhaoqing Temple, Jingci Temple, Li'an Temple, Liutong Temple and Taoguang Temple, and built Baochu Pagoda, Liuhe Pagoda, Leifeng Pagoda and White Pagoda. The area was thus acclaimed as "Buddhist Country". Lingyin Temple, Tianzhu Temple and the tide of Qiantang were the most famous scenic spots at that time. Due to the geological characteristics, earth deposited speedly in West Lake and dredging became a routine maintenance. Thus in Baozheng 2nd year (927), the emperor of Wuyue Kingdom, Qian Liu, installed a lake-dredging army of 1,000 to mow grasses and deepen springs, and preserved the water body of the lake.[edit] Song DynastyOver two hundred years later, in the beginning of Song Dynasty's Yuanyou era (1086–1094), another great poet, Su Shi (蘇軾, also known as Su Dongpo), came to Hangzhou as governor. At that time, the farmers suffered drought again, due to overgrowth of the weeds at the bottom of the lake clogging the irrigation ducts. He ordered dredging of the lake and piled up all the mud into another causeway, in thestyle of Bai Causeway, but much wider and nearly three times as long: he also planted willow trees along its banks. This causeway was later named after him as the "Su Causeway". There are six bridges along the 2.6 km Su Causeway (蘇堤). "Dawn on the Su Causeway in Spring 蘇堤春曉" is one of the attractions.When Southern Song Dynasty made Hangzhou its capital in 1127, Hangzhou became the national center of politics, economy and culture. The population grew rapidly, and the economy developed greatly. Hangzhou entered its heyday. Wu Zimu of Southern Song Dynasty described the extravagance in his "Mengliang Record" (夢粱錄), "The life in Lin'an is luxurious in all seasons, full of delight and appreciation with no idle days. In west there is a lovely lake with arresting scenes, and in east the river tides are spectacular. Both are miracles." Besides pilgrims, the tourists in Hangzhou included envoys of foreign countries, businessmen, monks and scholar candidates of the central examinations. The beauty of West Lake started to gain wide reputation. In those days, boating on the lake was a popular entertainment. According to records, there were hundreds of boats in the lake. All were delicately built, with exquisite carving and decorations, and glided gracefully on the water. Poet Lin Sheng vividly described the ostentation in his poem "On a hotel wall in Lin'an". In addition, poet Y ang Wanli (楊萬里) also acclaimed the engaging scenery of West Lake in poem "Coming out of Jingci Temple at dawn to see Lin Zifang off".[edit] Yuan Dynasty"Green mountains surround on all sidesthe still waters of the lake.Pavilions and towers in hues of goldand azure rise here and there.One would say a landscape composed by a painter.Only towards the east,where there are no hills,does the land open out,and there sparkle, like fishes' scales,In the Yuan Dynasty, West Lake was still socially thriving, with a population full of exuberance for singing and dancing. The Book of Yuan, column 23, says, in Zhida 2nd year (1309), "in Hangzhou, Jiang-Zhe area, during half a year there were more than 1,200 foreign visitors. Foreigners Sangwu and Baoheding brought lions, panthers, crows and falcons. They stayed for 27 days. People and animals ate meat of more than 1,300 jin." Increasing number of businessmen and travelers from countries of Turkestan and western Europe came to visit Hangzhou. The most famous among them was Italian explorer Marco Polo, who complimented Hangzhou in his travel notes as "the most splendid heavenly city in the world". In late Yuan Dynasty, there were "Qiantang Ten Scenic Spots", in addition to the "West Lake Ten Scenic Spots" of the South Song Dynasty; the existence of which expanded the scope of tourism. During Zhiyuan years of the reign of Yuan Shizu (Kublai Khan), the lake was dredged, and renamed "pond of freeing captive animals" (放生池). Some of the lake area was gradually enriched and became cultivated zones. In the late Yuan Dynasty, West Lake lacked governmental attention, and plutocrats and noblemen enclosed water zones, so that the lake deteriorated into a desolate state with most of its area silting up and turning into swampland.[edit] Ming DynastyThree Pools Mirroring the MoonIn the Ming Dynasty, Hangzhou began to restore its prosperity in Xuande and Zhengtong years (1426–1449). Then, the local government kept a close watch on West Lake. In Hongzhi 16th year (one source suggests Zhengde 3rd year) the then governor Y ang Mengying (楊孟瑛), with the support of special envoy Ju Liang (車粱), obtained approval to dredge the lake, despite much resistance from local magnates. This project was funded by the Engineering Department. "West Lake Tourism Guide" (西湖游覽志), column one of Ming Dynasty recorded, "The work commenced in February....It took 152 days, and 6,700,000 manpowers, and cost 23,607 liang of silver, and got rid of illegal fields 3,481 Chinese acres.... Thus, West Lake recovered to its image in Tang and Song Dynasties." The dredging project extended the water surface from west of Su Causeway to Hongchun Bridge and Mao Jia Bu. The excavated silt was used to broaden Su Causeway, and also used to build a long causeway in western Inside Lake, called "Y anggong Causeway" (楊公堤).In the 35th regnal year of the Wanli Emperor, 1607, the governor of Qiantang County, Nie Xintang (聶心湯), constructed a circular causeway from south to west outside the Fangsheng Pond of the island "Xiao Ying Zhou", which resulted in a unique view of "Island in Lake, Lake in Island". In the 39th year, Y ang Wanli subsequently built the outer bank, and the whole plot was realized by 48th year. Outside the pond were erect three small stony pagodas, called "Three Ponds".Both, in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties, West Lake was dredged several times. The silt dug up was heaped to form two islands in the lake, "Xuxin Ting" and "Xiao Ying Zhou".[edit] Qing DynastyQian King Temple, one of the major attractions of Xī Hú: Listening Orioles Singing in the WillowsThe Kangxi and Qianlong of Emperors of the Qing Dynasty toured South China and stopping by Hangzhou many times; which helped to expedite the revamping and rehabilitation of West Lake. Kangxi visited Hangzhou five times, and wrote the names of "Ten Scenic Spots of West Lake" selected in Southern Song Dynasty. The local governor then inscribed Kangxi's handwriting onto stelae and built pavilions over them. Thereafter those scenes such as "Two Peaks Piercing the Clouds" and "Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn" acquired fixed locations for appreciation. During the reign of Y ongzheng, "Eighteen Scenic Sites of West Lake" had developed into a new nomenclature together with enriched tourism resources. Qianlong visited Hangzhou six times, composing poems as well as erecting stelae for the "Ten Scenic Spots". He also wrote names for "Eight Scenic Spots of Dragon Well", bringing renown to the mountainous scenery of remote the Dragon Well region (Longjing). In Qianlong's reign, two Hangzhou natives, brothers Qu Hao and Qu Han, co-authored a book called "A Glance at Lakes and Hills", recording as many as 1,016 tourist spots around West Lake. This is the earliest known travel guide in Hangzhou.During the reign of the Y ongzheng Emperor, West Lake still preserved a water area of 7.54 square kilometers, but more than 20 acres (81,000 m2) were shoals. Due to extensive dredging projects, the lake area spread beyond the west of now Xishan Road to the neighborhood of Hongchun Bridge, Maojia Bu, Turtle Pond, and Chishan Bu. In Y ongzheng's fifth year as Emperor, the governor of Zhejiang and Right ViceDirector of the Court of Censors, Li Wei (李衛), spent 42,742 liang in silver in dredging the lake. He built stone weirs in Jinsha Harbor, Chishan Bu, Jingjia Hill and Maojia Bu in order to store water and to flush out the lake silt. In Jiaqing 5th year(1800), governor of Zhejiang Y an Jian (顏檢) beseeched the Court to support a hydraulic project in West Lake. The project was supervised by the late governor of Zhejiang, Ruan Yuan (阮元), had the excavated silt piled into a mound, which was then named "Ruan Gong Dun" (阮公墩-- "Duke Ruan's Pier"). By then, the modern configuration of West Lake was determined. In the 3rd year of the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor, 1864, the West Lake Dredging Bureau was founded, and a Qiantang native, Ding Bin, was appointed as director.[edit] Republic of China to End of 20th CenturyFrom the end of Qing Dynasty to the period of Republic of China, constructions included the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo and the Zhejiang-Jiangxi railways as well as the Hangzhou-Shanghai, Hangzhou-Nanjing, and Hangzhou-Ningbo highways were built. This facilitation of transportation encouraged the development of Hangzhou's tourism. Besides traditional pilgrims, more and more travelers came from domestic cities like Shanghai, Nanjing as well as from Europe, America and Japan. "The special memorial edition of Hangzhou government 10th anniversary" says, from Minguo 19-25 year (1930–1936), the recorded tourists to Hangzhou were counted to 32,845.Cloud-Sustained Path in a Bamboo GroveHangzhou's tourism resources became more abundant in the Republic of China era, asscenic spots and cultural relics were steadily added around West Lake. The government converted the imperial garden of the imperial palace remaining from the Qing Dynasty into a park, on Solitary Hill. The official calendar of the Republic was the Minguo calendar, which numbered years from the founding of the Rebublic, and in minguo 16th year, the park was renamed "Zhongshan Park" or "Sun Y at-sen Park". On left side of the park, the Zhejiang Martyry memorial was built, honoring those deceased when the Zhejiang army captured Jinling. In addition, martyr tombs for Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin were constructed near Xiling Bridge. In minguo 6th year, the Dabei Pavilion in Lingyin Temple was erected, and the Yue Wang Temple and Yue Fei's tomb were renovated several times. From minguo 12-20, Huanglong Dong was built. From minguo 12-13, the deserted Qian King Temple was renovated and converted to a garden. In minguo 22, the leaning Baochu Pagoda was revamped.The construction of parks in Hangzhou started with Lakeside Park in Republic of China era. In 1912, the military government of Zhejiang demolished the city walls from Qiantang Gate to Y ongjin Gate as well as the fortress of banners, and built Hubing Rd along the lakeside. Hurdles were put up 20 meters from the lake and flowers and trees were planted. The area was called "Lakeside Park", covering around one Chinese mile and was divided into five parks, first to fifth. In spring of 1930, the city government paved a land of around 21 mu with mud dredged out of the lake from north of Changsheng Rd to Qiantang Gate, and founded Sixth Park. From 1928-1933, Zhejiang's provincial government erected "Chen Yingshi Statue", "North Expedition Martyr Memorial Tower" and "Martyrs of 88 Division in Songhu Campaign Memorial Stela" at the piers of Third Park, Second Park and Fifth Park, respectively.Due to continuous digging by stealth on its base, Leifeng Pagoda, after lasting nearly a thousand years, collapsed all of a sudden at 1:40pm, September 25, 1924. It was shocking news in media. Lu Xun purposely wrote "Comment on the Collapse of Leifeng Pagoda" and "Second Comment on the Collapse of Leifeng Pagoda", making a remark on this incident. The fall of Leifeng Pagoda also put an end to one of "Ten Scenes of West Lake", "Leifeng Pagoda in the Sunset" 【雷峰夕照】.From June 6-October 20, 1929, the government of Zhejiang hosted the first "WestLake Expo", and total participants numbered over 20 million. The location of West Lake Expo was set at areas around the lakeside, such as Broken Bridge, Solitary Hill, Yue-Wang Temple, North Hill, and etc. The primary purpose of the expo was to promote national products and encourage enterprises. Besides over 1,000 delegate groups from nationwide, involved included delegates from America, Japan, Britain, Indonesia and other countries. It was the largest and longest pageant in Hangzhou during the Republic of China era.Misty Trees by Nine StreamsAfter the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou was among the first opening tourism cities in the nation. The city government preserved the mountain area around the lake and planted a large number of trees. Meanwhile, West Lake was extensively dredged. Within West Lake scenery zone, new botanical garden and flower garden was opened. Fish Viewing at the Flower Pond (花港觀魚) park, and Orioles Singing in the Willows (柳浪聞鶯) park were constructed. Fish Viewing at the Jade Springs and Y ongjin Park were rebuilt. Lingyin Temple, Jingci Temple, Yue-Wang Temple, Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon (三潭印月), Lake-heart Pavilion and other spots were renovated. In addition, West Huanhu Rd (Xishan Rd), Longjin Rd and Jiuxi Rd were newly built. In 1959, West Lake of Hangzhou received over 1,400 foreign tourists, over 2,300 tourists from Hong Kong and Macao and over 5 million domestic visitors. After Cultural Revolution, the number of tourists to West Lake increased rapidly. In 1978, it received 53,000 tourists from overseas and Hong Kong and Macao combined, in addition to about 6 million domestic travelers.In May 1983, the state council named Hangzhou "Famed Historical and Cultural City" and "National Key Scenic Tourism City". In September 1984, the executive office of state council instructed that Hangzhou evolve to the tourism center of Southeast China and a first-class international scenic tourism city. Thereafter Hangzhou government refurbished Lingyin Temple, Tianzhu Temple, Jingci Temple, Yue-Wang Temple, Dacheng Hall, stela pavilions of "Ten Scenes" and other relics. Resorts such as Galloping Tiger Spring were expanded. Curved Y ard and Lotus Pool in Summer (曲院風荷) park was founded. New spot "Exploring Plum Blossoms at Ling Peak" (靈峰探梅) was opened. Archaizing carnivals were held in Huanglong Dong and Ruangong Dun. There were also night gardens and music night markets for amusement.In 1949, West Lake silted up, with average depth of merely 0.55 meters and capacity only 4 million cubic meters. Marshy weeds blanketed the lake bed so that large boat could only make their ways through specific channels. In 1950, the government listed West Lake dredging as a national investment project. Hangzhou launched the West Lake Dredging Project in 1951 to excavating the silt thoroughly. By 1954, all the work had been mechanized. The project concluded in 1959. As a result, the achieved average depth was 1.808 meters with nadir of 2.6 meters. The capacity elevated to 10,271,900 cubic meters. The silt was used to fill 18 ponds or lacunae in surrounding areas including Zhaoqing Temple and Qingbo Park. However, because of the erosion and sediment on lake bed afterward, the depth of the water lessened to 1.47 meters. The government thus invested 2 million yuan in 1976 to dredge the lake again. By 1980, the depth increased to 1.5 meters. Besides dredging work, the city government substantially fortified the lake shore, resulting in a bank of total length of 29,800 meters. That was the largest bank enhancement project in the history of West Lake. Along with the project, more than 10 piers for mooring the boats were renovated or newly built in Lakeside Park, Zhongshan Park, Yue Fei's tomb and both sides of Su Causeway.The West Lake Diversion Project was inaugurated on 1 February 1985. The project built a pump at Zhakou section of Qiantang River, and drew 300,000 cubic meters ofwater daily, equivalent to one thirty-third of total capacity of the lake. As a consequence, the lake's water body transparency was increased by 5 to 7 cm. Other the other hand, The lake-wide sewage interception project was launched in 1978, and was finished in 1981. It was divided into three branches, southern, western and northern, buried sewage tunnels of over 17 kilometers, and was equipped with 10 pumping stations.The Back of One Yuan Bill of RMB, 5th V ersionIn 1984, five organizations including Hangzhou Daily newspaper sponsored voting for the "New Ten Scenes in West Lake". The elected new scenes are Cloud-Sustained Path in a Bamboo Grove (雲棲竹徑), Misty Trees by Nine Streams (九溪煙樹), Dreams at Galloping Tiger Spring (虎跑夢泉), Y ellow Dragon Cave Dressed in Green (黃龍吐翠), Sweet Osmanthus Rain at Manjuelong Village (滿隴桂雨), Clouds Scurrying over Jade Emperor Hill (玉皇飛雲), Inquiring about Tea at Dragon Well (龍井問茶), Precious Stone Hill Floating in Rosy Clouds (寶石流霞), Heavenly Wind over Wushan Hill (吳山天風), and Ruan's Mound Encircled by Greenness (阮墩環碧). While embracing both exquisite natural beauty and abundant cultural deposits, West Lake of Hangzhou was among the first "National Key Scenic Tourist Resorts" in 1982, and elected one of "Ten Chinese Scenic Sites" in 1985.After 71 years, the West Lake Expo was launched in Xi Hu in 2000. The new exhibition was held from October 20 to November 10, attracting 1,400,000 tourists domestic and overseas. The tourism industry raked in 1.12 billion RMB. The Expo greatly enhanced the reputation of West Lake domestically and internationally. Thereafter the West Lake Expo was made a conventional annual celebration. Images of the West Lake have appeared various times on Chinese currency. Thepicture of "Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon" was printed on the backs of both the foreign exchange certificate one yuan bill issued by the government in 1979 and the fifth version of RMB one yuan bill issued in 2004.[edit] West Lake Southern Side Renovation ProjectEntering the 21st century, West Lake witnessed several environmental renovation projects. First of them was "West Lake Southern Side Renovation Project". From February to October 2002, Hangzhou government incorporated four large parks on the southern side of the lake, and these four parks have been free to public 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. On October 25, 2002, on the old site of the Leifeng Pagoda which collapsed 78 years ago, a new pagoda with height of 71.7 meters was erected.[5] [edit] GeographyAbout the formation of West Lake, there are few records in ancient documents. "West Lake Sight-Seeing Record" (西湖游覽志) of Ming Dynasty, column one, says, "West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides. Streams wander down the hills into the pond. There're hundreds of springs underneath. Accumulated water forms the lake." (西湖三面環山，溪谷縷注，下有淵泉百道，潴而為湖。

关于杭州西湖的历史资料
杭州西湖是中国历史文化名胜，自古以来就是文人墨客的胜地。

据历史记录，西湖原名“钱塘江”，又称“西子湖”，公元公元907
年之后，因为王建明(钦定的五代吴越国王)藏书于西湖北的一座山上
而改称“六和塔”。

宋朝时期，因科技发展和城市建设的需要，钱塘
江被改道，西湖形成了今天的面貌。

西湖周围有很多历史碑刻和文化遗迹。

唐代文学家白居易曾在此
游览，并留下了不少作品。

宋代文学家苏轼的诗歌《钱塘湖春行》更
是成为了中华文化的经典之作。

西湖周围的风景有千岛之湖、三潭印月、苏堤、白堤等，各有其
美丽的景色风光。

在明清时期，又盛行起了园林艺术，有很多开花园
的公园，让西湖的风景更加壮观。

到了现代，西湖依然是杭州市的重要景点之一。

游客可以慢慢地
欣赏湖中的美景，也可以留意湖边的博物馆和文化中心。

西湖畔还有
很多餐厅和小吃店，供游客品尝当地美食和水果。

在这个美丽的地方，人们可以感受到这座城市的历史和文化底蕴。