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研究生学术英语6-9单元作文Academic writing is a fundamental aspect of the research student experience, as it allows for the clear and concise communication of complex ideas and findings. In the context of research student academic English, units 6-9 focus on various elements of effective academic writing, including the organization and structure of research papers, the use of appropriate language and tone, and the effective incorporation of sources and citations.One of the key elements covered in these units is the structure and organization of a research paper. A well-structured paper can help to guide the reader through the author's argument and findings, making the content more accessible and easier to understand. Unit 6 explores the typical structure of a research paper, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion sections. Students learn how to effectively structure each section to present their research in a logical and coherent manner.The introduction section is particularly important, as it sets the stage for the rest of the paper. In this section, the author must clearlyarticulate the research question or problem being addressed, provide relevant background information, and outline the scope and objectives of the study. Effective introductions are concise yet informative, and they help to engage the reader and pique their interest in the research.The literature review section is another crucial component of a research paper. In this section, the author must demonstrate their familiarity with the existing body of research on the topic and identify any gaps or limitations in the current understanding. This section requires the careful selection and synthesis of relevant sources, as well as the ability to critically analyze and evaluate the existing literature.The methodology section is where the author outlines the research methods and procedures used in the study. This section must be detailed and precise, providing the reader with a clear understanding of how the research was conducted and the rationale behind the chosen methods. Effective methodology sections also address any potential limitations or biases in the research design.The results section is where the author presents the findings of the study. This section must be organized in a clear and logical manner, with the use of appropriate visual aids such as tables and figures to help the reader understand the data. The author must also bemindful of the language and tone used in this section, ensuring that the presentation of the results is objective and impartial.Finally, the discussion section is where the author interprets the findings of the study and discusses their implications. This section requires the author to critically analyze the results, identify any limitations or alternative explanations, and situate the findings within the broader context of the existing literature. Effective discussion sections also suggest avenues for future research and highlight the practical or theoretical significance of the study.Throughout the research paper, the author must also be mindful of the language and tone used. Academic writing requires a formal and objective style, with the use of appropriate vocabulary and sentence structure. Unit 7 explores the use of academic language, including the use of precise and concise language, the avoidance of colloquialisms and contractions, and the appropriate use of passive voice and hedging language.The effective incorporation of sources and citations is another key element of academic writing. Unit 8 focuses on the use of in-text citations and reference lists, providing guidance on the appropriate use of different citation styles (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago) and the effective integration of source material into the text. Proper citation and referencing not only demonstrate the author's familiarity withthe existing literature but also help to ensure the integrity and credibility of the research.Finally, unit 9 explores the importance of proofreading and editing in the academic writing process. Effective proofreading and editing can help to identify and correct errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation, as well as improve the overall clarity and coherence of the writing. This process is essential for ensuring that the final research paper is of the highest quality and effectively communicates the author's ideas and findings.In conclusion, the research student academic English units 6-9 provide a comprehensive overview of the key elements of effective academic writing. By mastering these skills, research students can develop the necessary competencies to produce high-quality research papers that effectively communicate their ideas and findings to the academic community. Through a focus on organization, language, citation, and proofreading, research students can enhance their academic writing abilities and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.。
2018年12月大学英语六级作文参考范文（第六篇）第6篇:Online CourseOnline course, as a new teaching method based on computer and Internet,allows teachers togive classes from a distance away.It is becoming more than popular in colleges and universities,and acts as an effectivecomplement to traditional teaching.However, opinions on it differ from teachers to students.Generally, teachers support it for two reasons:Firstly, online course can be conducted at home or office and this offers great convenience toteachers.Secondly, online course releases teachers from repeating the same contents since the video oraudio material can be played time and again.However, many students have opposite standpoints:In the first place, with online course, they lack face-to-face communications with teachers andtheir confusion cannot be solved instantly.In addition, the computer system cannot be guaranteed to work stably all the time.Whats more, they do not have 100 percent confidence in their self-discipline withoutteachers being around to supervise.Personally, with the college students growing up, if thetraditional teaching method and themodern ones like on-line course can be combined together, more fruitful education is sure tobe realized.。
学术文章英语作文模板Title: Academic Article English Writing Template。
Abstract:This article provides a template for writing academic articles in English. It includes guidelines for structuring the article, tips for effective writing, and common mistakes to avoid. The template aims to help researchers and scholars in various fields to produce high-quality academic articles that meet the standards of scholarly publishing.Keywords: academic article, English writing, template, structure, guidelines, tips, common mistakes。
Introduction:Writing academic articles in English is a crucial skill for researchers and scholars in various fields. Academic articles are the primary means of disseminating research findings, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in a particular field. However, writing a high-quality academic article in English can be challenging, especially for non-native English speakers. This article provides a template for writing academic articles in English, offering guidelines for structuring the article, tips for effective writing, and common mistakes to avoid.1. Title and Abstract:The title of the academic article should be concise, informative, and accurately reflect the content of the article. The abstract should provide a brief summary of the article, including the research problem, methodology, key findings, and implications. It should be clear, concise, and engaging, capturing the reader's interest and encouraging them to read the full article.2. Introduction:The introduction sets the stage for the academic article, providing background information on the research problem, a review of relevant literature, and the research gap that the article aims to address. It should also present the research question or hypothesis and provide an overview of the article's structure.3. Literature Review:The literature review critically evaluates existing research on the topic, identifying gaps, contradictions, and limitations in the literature. It should provide a theoretical framework for the study and justify the research problem and methodology.4. Methodology:The methodology section describes the research design, data collection methods, and data analysis techniques used in the study. It should provide sufficient detail for the reader to understand how the research was conducted and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the findings.5. Results:The results section presents the findings of the study, using tables, figures, and descriptive statistics to summarize the data. It should be clear, concise, and organized, highlighting the most important findings and their implications.6. Discussion:The discussion interprets the results in the context of the research question and relevant literature, addressing the implications of the findings and their contribution to the field. It should also acknowledge limitations and suggest directions for future research.7. Conclusion:The conclusion summarizes the key findings of the study, reiterates the significance of the research, and offers recommendations for practice or further research.8. References:The references section lists all sources cited in the article, following a consistent citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). It should include only sources that are directly referenced in the article.Tips for Effective Writing:Use clear and concise language, avoiding jargon, acronyms, and ambiguous terms.Structure the article logically, with clear headings and subheadings to guide the reader.Use active voice and avoid passive constructions to enhance clarity and readability.Revise and edit the article multiple times to ensure coherence, consistency, and accuracy.Seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or professional editors to improve the quality of the article.Common Mistakes to Avoid:Plagiarism: Always cite sources properly and avoid copying verbatim from other sources without attribution.Lack of clarity: Ensure that the article is well-organized and clearly communicates the research problem, methodology, findings, and implications.Inaccurate or incomplete references: Double-check all citations and references to ensure accuracy and completeness.Overly complex language: Aim for clarity and simplicity in writing, avoiding unnecessary complexity or verbosity.Conclusion:Writing academic articles in English requires careful attention to structure, language, and content. This template provides a guide for structuring an academic article, along with tips for effective writing and common mistakes to avoid. By following this template,researchers and scholars can produce high-quality academic articles that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.。
今年英语6级的作文怎么写Introduction:The English Level 6 exam is a significant milestone for many language learners, and the essay component can beparticularly challenging. This year, to craft an essay that stands out, you'll want to focus on several key elements: understanding the prompt, organizing your thoughts, developing a strong thesis, supporting your arguments with evidence, and polishing your writing with careful editing.1. Understanding the Prompt:- Read the essay prompt carefully to grasp what is being asked of you.- Identify the main question or statement that your essay must address.- Consider any specific requirements, such as word count or the use of certain examples.2. Brainstorming and Planning:- Brainstorm ideas related to the prompt to generate a range of potential arguments or points.- Create an outline that organizes your ideas in a logical order.- Decide on the structure of your essay, typically including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.3. Crafting a Strong Thesis Statement:- Your thesis statement should clearly state the mainargument or point of your essay.- It should be concise, specific, and debatable to guidethe direction of your essay.4. Writing the Body Paragraphs:- Each paragraph should focus on a single main idea that supports your thesis.- Start with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea.- Follow with evidence, such as examples, facts, or quotes, to back up your point.- Conclude each paragraph with a concluding sentence that ties the evidence to your thesis.5. The Introduction and Conclusion:- The introduction should hook the reader and provide a roadmap of what to expect in your essay.- The conclusion should summarize your main points and provide a final perspective on your thesis.6. Language and Style:- Use a formal tone and academic language appropriate for the Level 6 standard.- Vary your sentence structures to maintain readerinterest.- Employ transitional phrases to connect your ideas smoothly.7. Editing and Proofreading:- After writing your first draft, take the time to revise and edit your work.- Check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and awkward phrasing.- Ensure that your essay flows logically and that each paragraph contributes to the overall argument.8. Time Management:- Allocate sufficient time to each stage of the writing process, from planning to editing.- Do not rush the final stages of proofreading, as they can significantly impact your final score.9. Practice and Feedback:- Write multiple practice essays under timed conditions to simulate the exam environment.- Seek feedback from teachers or peers to identify areas for improvement.10. Staying Informed and Updated:- Keep abreast of current events and issues that may be relevant to your essay topics.- Incorporate recent examples or research to add depth and relevance to your writing.Conclusion:Writing a high-quality English Level 6 essay requires careful planning, clear argumentation, and meticulous editing. By focusing on these strategies, you can improve your essay writing skills and increase your chances of success in the exam. Remember, practice is key, and seeking feedback can provide invaluable insights into how to refine your writing.。
英语6级议论作文模板范文Title: The Importance of English 6th Level Argumentative Essay Template。
Introduction。
English 6th level argumentative essay is an essential part of the English language proficiency test. It is designed to test the ability of the test taker to express and support their opinions on a given topic. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of English 6th level argumentative essay and provide a template for writing an effective essay.Body。
1. Importance of English 6th level argumentative essay。
The English 6th level argumentative essay is an important component of the English language proficiencytest because it assesses the test taker's ability to think critically and express their opinions in a clear and organized manner. This skill is crucial for academic and professional success, as it allows individuals to effectively communicate their ideas and persuade others to their point of view.2. Template for writing an effective English 6th level argumentative essay。
学术回忆英语作文模板英文回答：Academic Memoir。
Introduction。
An academic memoir is a personal narrative that explores the writer's experiences in an academic setting.It can cover a wide range of topics, such as the writer's journey through higher education, their interactions with professors and peers, and the challenges and triumphs they faced along the way. Academic memoirs can be illuminating and inspiring, offering insights into the world of academia and the human experience.Structure。
Academic memoirs typically follow a chronological structure, beginning with the writer's early experiences inschool and continuing through their undergraduate and graduate studies. However, the writer may also choose to use flashbacks or flashforwards to explore specific events or themes in more depth.Themes。
Common themes in academic memoirs include:The transformative power of education。
Unit 6 Discussing ResultsObjectives:- Understand the discussion section- Learn how to present your results- Learn how to compare your results with others- Learn how to interpret your results- Learn how to express opinions in the discussionContents:- Reading and discussion: a sample result section- Language focus: comparison and contrast; strengthening or weakening a claim- Signal words of comparison and contrast- Writing practice: writing comparison and contrast, and writing a short discussion section- Classroom extension: writing a result section for a classroom experiment.1.Reading Activity1.1 Pre-reading TaskThe results section presents your research findings, and the discussion section is an analysis of those findings. You may include a discussion section at the end of your results section to explain and contemplate the results. The discussion can either be a part of the results section or a separate section of its own, which should be in line with the practice of your target journal. Sometimes, the results, discussion and conclusion sections are combined in journal articles. Most articles do not contain all three sections.The function of the discussion part is to interpret your results in light of what has already been known about the subject of the investigation, and to explain our new understanding of the problem after taking your results into consideration. TheDiscussion will always be connected to the Introduction by way of the question(s) or posed hypotheses and cited literature, but it does not simply repeat or rearrange the Introduction. Instead, it tells how your study has moved us forward from the place you leave us at the end of the Introduction.Before reading the following sample discussion section, think about the following questions:How many elements does a discussion section include?What do those elements function?What expressions are typical in writing a discussion section?1.2Reading PassageIn this large, prospective investigation of red and processed meat intake in relation to cancer risk, we found elevated risks for colorectal and lung cancer with both meat types. Red, but not processed, meat intake was also associated with increased risk for cancer of the esophagus and liver. We observed borderline statistically significant elevated risks for advanced prostate cancer with both red and processed meat intake, for laryngeal cancer with red meat, and for bladder cancer and myeloma and with processed meat intake.The cancer site most consistently associated with meat intake has been the colorectum. A recent meta-analysis reported elevated risks in the highest category of consumption of meat. Our study included 1,000 colorectal cancer cases, and it lends strong support to implicate red and processed meat as risk factors for this malignancy. Consistent with previous studies, we observed a stronger positive association for rectal than colon cancer.We found a positive association between red meat intake specifically and cancers of the esophagus and liver, and a borderline significant positive association for laryngeal cancer. The first prospective study of meat intake and esophageal cancer was published recently; that study had only 65 cases and found a positive association for processed meat, but not red meat, with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Our study suggests a threshold effect for red meat intake on esophageal cancer risk, beginning at a low level of intake, with no further increase in risk with higher intakes, as reflected in the p-trend (p = 0.13), although it is possible that the referent group had a smaller-than-expected cancer incidence by chance. Data on meat intake and cancers of the liver and larynx are limited, and our study is the first prospective investigation to report on these associations. Two case-control studies reported elevated risks for laryngeal cancer for those in the highest intake categories of red meat intake and fried beef/veal.Unexpectedly, we found an inverse association between red meat intake and endometrial cancer; this association was not attenuated by adjustment for known risk factors, such as body mass index or menopausal hormone therapy, or by fine controlfor smoking, which has been inversely associated with this malignancy. Previous studies have reported null or positive relations between red meat and endometrial cancer. We also observed inverse associations between processed meat intake and leukemia and melanoma. In contrast to our findings, childhood leukemia has been positively associated with intake of processed meats in a case-control study.Previous studies of meat intake and prostate cancer are conflicting. Some studies have reported null findings, and others suggest positive associations. Despite finding no association between red or processed meat intake and overall prostate cancer risk, we observed a suggestion of an elevated risk for advanced prostate cancer with both meat types. If the relation of meat intake to prostate cancer is confined to advanced disease, this could explain some of the inconsistencies in the literature as most previous studies have not specifically addressed advanced prostate cancer.With regard to breast cancer, a pooled analysis of eight cohort studies found no association with red meat intake; however, the two most recent prospective studies found positive associations for both red and processed meat, specifically for estrogen and progesterone receptor–positive breast cancers in premenopausal women. Although breast cancer risk related to meat intake did not appear to differ by menopausal status in our study, we had very few premenopausal cases (n = 94) and lacked information on hormone receptor status for a large number of cases.Both red meat, regardless of processing procedure, and processed meat can be linked to carcinogenesis by different mechanisms; for example, they are both sources of saturated fat and iron, which have independently been associated with carcinogenesis. Associations between saturated fat and cancer are likely to be related to energy balance in general, whereas iron is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis specifically by generating free radicals and inducing oxidative stress. Most recently, dietary fat was positively associated with breast cancer, and iron intake was positively associated with liver and colorectal cancers.This study was primarily limited by its relatively small sample size. An earlier start in data collection would have increased the time needed to survey more participants. Ideally, the number of participant would have been more evenly distributed across gender/year in population. A larger sample with diversity would have benefited our results. Other limitations of this study included some degree of possible measurement errors, although we attempted at minimizing the error in measurement and the measurement data compared very favorably to other researches. In conclusion, a diet high in red or processed meat was associated with an elevated risk of both colorectal and lung cancer; in addition, red meat was associated with an elevated risk of esophageal and liver cancer. A decrease in the consumption of red and processed meat could reduce the incidence of cancer at multiple sites.1.3Reading Comprehension1.3.1What are the results discussed?1.3.2Decide how many elements this sample includes and how they function.2Language Focus2.1 Cause and effect2.1.1 Read the following sentence from the text, and see the causal relations.Associations between saturated fat and cancer are likely to be related to energybalance in general, whereas iron is thought to contribute to carcinogenesis specifically by generating free radicals and inducing oxidative stress.2.1.2 Using signal words for causal relations.Emphasising causegiving rise tobringingaboutIf people smoke more, the death rate from cancer will increase.Additionally, you should be careful when using commas. Conjunctions such as therefore, consequently, as a result, and for this reason are usually followed by a comma, as in these examples:The weather was cold; therefore, Sally closed the window.The weather was cold. Therefore, Sally put on her coat.The weather was cold. Consequently, Sally put on her scarf.A blizzard hit the town. As a result, the schools were closed.2.1.3 Causal markersComplete the following paragraph by filling in missing causal words.Recurring headaches can have initiate disruptive effects in a person'slife. __(1)___, in many cases, these headaches make a person nauseous to the point that he or she must go to bed. ___(2)___, sleep is often interrupted ___(3)___ the pain. Disrupted sleep worsens the physical and emotional state of the sufferer. For those who try to maintain a normal lifestyle, drugs are often relied on to get through the day. Such drugs, of course, ___(4)___ other negative effects. Drugs can inhibit productivity on a job, perhaps even ___(5)___regular absences. Not only is work affected, but the seemingly unpredictable occurrence of these headaches ___(6)___ disruption in family life. The interruption to a person's family life is enormous: cancelling plans in the last minute and straining relationships with friends and family. It is no wonder that many of these people feel discouraged and even depressed ___(7)___ the cycle of misery reoccurring headaches cause.2.1.4Notes into a Causal ParagraphTurn the following notes into a paragraph of cause and effect.•Lack of water dryness in the soil leaves wilt death of plant.•Too much water leaves droop or become yellow death of plant.•Too strong sun baked soil roots killed death of plant.•Lack of light pale leaves & thin stems death of plant.2.2Strengthening or weakening of your statementsThe discussion sections of a research paper focus on making claims and then adding support for those claims. What are claims? Claims are statements about ideas and data from you and other people. Here is an example of a claim.Example:Basic claim: An increase in smoking among teenagers caused long-term health problems.When the proof of your idea or data is clear, you should strengthen your claim. When the evidence is less certain, you should limit or weaken your claim. Below are some examples of strengthening and limiting the above claim.Examples of Stronger Claims:Increase: a sharp increaseCaused: undeniably caused, clearly caused, undoubtedly caused, must have caused, etc. long-term health problems, widespread long-term health problemsYou could also add expressions to the beginning of the sentence:It is clear that an increase . . .A great deal of evidence leads us to conclude that an increase . . .We must conclude that an increase . . .Examples of Limited Claims:Increase: A probable increaseCaused: may have caused, seemed to have caused, contributed to, was one cause of, etc.Again, you could also add expressions to the beginning of the sentence:We have reason to believe that an increase . . .It is possible that an increase . . .2.2.1 Read the sample discussion section and look for expressions of strengthening or weakening claims.2.2.2 Strengthening or weakening of your claimsLearn the following words for strengthening or weakening a claim.Strengthening a claimNouns: certainty, evidence, the fact thatAdverbs: very, pretty, quite, clearly, obviously, undoubtedly, certainly, of course, indeed, inevitably, invariably, always, literallyAdjectives: key, central, crucial, basic, fundamental, major, principal, essential, significantVerbs: show, prove, establish, confirm, conclude, determine, it is clear that, it is obvious thatWeakening a claimVerbs: appear , argue, doubt, estimate, seen (as), seem, speculate, suggest Adverbs: largely, likely, mainly, maybe, perhaps, possible/possibly, probable/probably, rather, relatively, seemingly, somewhat, sometimesThe following text comes from an article testing the benefits of providing children under 4 years old with zinc dietary supplements. It comes from the very beginning of the discussion section, where the authors summarize the findings they have already presented in the results section. Try to fill the following blanks with a variety of expressions to show the strength or weakness of each claim.In our study, zinc supplementation did not result in a ________ reduction in ________ mortality in children aged 1–48 months in a population with high malaria transmission. However, __________ the effect varied by age, with no effect on mortality in infants, and a __________18% reduction of mortality in children 12–48 months of age (p=0·045). This effect was __________ a consequence of fewer deaths from malaria and other infections. Any effect on mortality in this trial was in addition to a __________ effect of vitamin A supplementation . . .3Writing Practice3.1Writing comparison and contrastA contrast paragraph discusses the difference between at least two things. The following is a table of differences between the two states of Arizona and Rhode Island. Write a text about the following table.States Arizona Rhode IslandPhysical size 114000 square miles 1214 square milesPopulation 4 million Less than 1 millionNatural environments Dry, large desert area Temperate zone, an average of 44inches of rain per yearlandscape Landlocked, no seashore Lies on the Atlantic Ocean,coastline3.2Writing a short discussion textWrite about the three different ways of dealing with polluted land according to the table information below.4. Writing Project4.1 Before writing a discussion section to explain your results from the research, first think about the follow questions:Do your results provide answers to your testable hypotheses? If so, how do you interpret your findings?Do your findings agree with what others have shown? If not, do they suggest an alternative explanation or perhaps an unforeseen design flaw in your experiment (or theirs?)Regarding your conclusion, what is your new understanding of the problem you investigated and outlined in the Introduction?If warranted, what would be the next step in your study?4.2 Work as a team.4.3 Go back to your questionnaires and results gathered respectively from Units 4 and5. Your discussion is based upon the data you collected.4.4 When you finish your writing, pool your pieces of work to polish.4.5 Present your discussion in class.5. Final ChecklistHere is a final checklist for the discussion section. Use it to check what you have written in the previous task.。
六级作文论证模板及范文英文回答：Introduction。
In academic writing, it is crucial to present a well-structured and coherent argument. To effectively convey your stance on a given topic, a logical framework is essential. One widely recognized approach to structuring an argumentative essay is the six-level thesis statement. This model provides a comprehensive framework for developing a strong and persuasive argument.Six-Level Thesis Statement Template。
1. Level 1: Statement of the topic。
2. Level 2: Sub-topic 1 (claim 1)。
3. Level 3: Evidence and explanation 1。
4. Level 4: Sub-topic 2 (claim 2)。
5. Level 5: Evidence and explanation 2。
6. Level 6: Restatement of the thesis with supporting sub-topics。
Example of a Six-Level Thesis Statement。
Topic: The benefits of online learning。
Thesis Statement: Online learning offers significant advantages in terms of flexibility, affordability, and accessibility.Sub-topic 1 (claim 1): Flexibility in scheduling and pace of learning。
6级议论文作文模板范文英文回答：Introduction。
The advancement of technology has brought about significant changes in the world, particularly in the way people communicate, learn, work, and live. This essay will explore the profound impact of technology on human society, examining both its advantages and disadvantages, and concluding with a balanced perspective on its overall influence.Body Paragraph 1: Advantages of Technology。
Enhanced communication and connectivity: Technology has enabled people to communicate with each other instantaneously and efficiently, regardless of distance or time zones. Social media platforms, messaging apps, and video conferencing tools have revolutionized personalrelationships and business collaborations.Improved access to information and education: The internet has become a vast repository of knowledge, providing access to a wealth of information on any conceivable topic. Online education platforms and educational apps have made learning more accessible, convenient, and personalized.Increased productivity and efficiency: Technological advancements have automated tasks, streamlined processes, and enhanced productivity in various sectors. From manufacturing to healthcare, technology has enabled humans to accomplish more with less effort.Body Paragraph 2: Disadvantages of Technology。
