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2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录51. THOSE FASCINATING NORTHERN LIGHTS 迷人的北极光（2016新版） (2)52 SALES PROMOTION 产品促销 (6)53. OIL REFINING 石油炼制（2016新增） (6)54 ANOTHER HAPPINESS 另一种快乐 (13)55. IT’S NEVER TOO L ATE FOR SUCCESS成功不分早晚（2016新增） (16)56 WHY TO MARK A BOOK 怎样在书上做标记 (20)57 EARTH'S LAST FRONTIER:THE SEA 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (24)58. OUR MANY RESPONSES TO PAIN <NEW> (29)59. FOREST FIRES: A MAJOR DISASTER <NEW> (33)60 WHY ANTARCTICA IS BEING EXPLORED 为什么要勘探南极洲 (38)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分。
是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
51. Those Fascinating Northern Lights 迷人的北极光（2016新增）1. At 10:00 p.m. on March 23，1969, the Bowater Power Water Company in Deer Lake, Newfoundland experienced a disturbance on its system. The frequency converter at Comer Brook tripped off, shutting down half of the big paper mill. There was a radio blackout over most of the Atlantic Provinces. And accompanying these activities was a magnificient display of northern lights —boiling up out of the north and hanging in bundles of long rays like draperies across the sky. Ninety-three million miles away, a rather ugly looking sunspot was making its way across the disc of the sun.1. 1969年3月23曰晚上10点，保华特水电公司（the Bowater Power Water Company)位于纽芬兰（Newfoundland)鹿湖的设备系统出现了异常；科纳布鲁克（ComerBrook)的变频器跳间，使得一半的大造纸厂停产；大西洋沿岸各省的无线电中断。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》培训笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录31 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY AND OTHER SCIENCES 石油地质学与其它科学(2007版) (2)32 THE CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH加利福尼亚淘金热 (2016新增) (6)33 WHAT DO PARENTS OWE THEIR CHILDREN 父母欠子女什么？ (11)34 SHOULD YOU GO ORGANIC? 你应该“有机”吗？（N2016新增） (15)35 YOU BET YOUR LIFE 以命相赌 (20)36 TO BE CONTENT WITH ONE'S LOT乐天知命 (24)37 I DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO TEACH UNTIL I MET YOU 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (30)38 RESERVOIR PRODUCTION MECHANISMS油藏开采机理（2016新增） (34)39 A $210,000 WALLET 价值21万美元的钱包 (38)40 FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN HANDLING PEOPLE 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (42)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分…，是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
31 Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学(2007版)【2007版，2010版，2013版，2016版】【2011年第7、8段翻译】1. Petroleum geology is the application【应用，接to】of geology (the study of rocks) to the exploration【勘探】for and production【生产】of oil and gas. Geology itself is firmly 【牢牢地】based on 【建立在…基础上】chemistry, physics, and biology, involving【包括】the application【后接to】of essentially【本质上】abstract【adj.抽象的，n.文摘】concepts to observed【观察的】data【资料】. In the past these data were basically【基本上】observation 【观察】and subjective【主观的】, but they are now increasingly physical and chemical, and therefore【因此】more objective【客观的】. Geology, in general【总的来说】, and petroleumgeology, in particular【特别，尤其】value judgements based on experience and an assessment【评估】of validity【有效性】among the data presented.1、石油地质学是地质学（岩石研究）在油气勘探开发和生产中的应用。
工作满意英语作文Job Satisfaction。
Job satisfaction is an important aspect of our lives.It determines our overall happiness and well-being. When we are satisfied with our job, we tend to be more productive, motivated, and engaged in our work. In this essay, I will discuss the factors that contribute to job satisfaction and how they can be improved.One of the most important factors that contribute to job satisfaction is the work environment. A positive work environment is essential for employees to feel comfortable and motivated. This includes factors such as good communication, supportive colleagues, and a fair and respectful management team. When employees feel valued and respected, they are more likely to be satisfied with their job.Another important factor is the nature of the workitself. When employees are engaged in work that is challenging and meaningful, they are more likely to be satisfied with their job. This includes having clear goals and objectives, being given autonomy to make decisions, and having opportunities for growth and development.Compensation and benefits also play a role in job satisfaction. When employees feel that they are beingfairly compensated for their work, they are more likely to be satisfied with their job. This includes not only salary but also benefits such as health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off.Finally, work-life balance is also an important factor in job satisfaction. When employees are able to balance their work and personal life, they are more likely to be satisfied with their job. This includes having flexible work arrangements, such as telecommuting or flexible hours, and having time off to pursue personal interests and hobbies.In order to improve job satisfaction, employers cantake several steps. First, they can create a positive work environment by fostering good communication, supporting colleagues, and treating employees with respect and fairness. Second, they can provide opportunities for growth and development, such as training and mentoring programs. Third, they can offer competitive compensation and benefits packages. Finally, they can promote work-life balance by offering flexible work arrangements and time off.In conclusion, job satisfaction is an important aspect of our lives that affects our overall happiness and well-being. By creating a positive work environment, providing opportunities for growth and development, offering competitive compensation and benefits, and promoting work-life balance, employers can improve job satisfaction and create a more engaged and motivated workforce.。
Reassessmentof job satisfaction: Sue Pearson(PR Dept.)IntroductionThis report sets out to use Workset colours to assess the accuracy of myjob description as PR officer and to suggest a number of changes.FindingsIt is clear that there is a difference between the way the company viewsthe job and the reality as I perceive it. Firstly, a number of areas whichdemand a significant proportion of my time are not mentioned in the officialjob brief. The segment on the pie chart which provides most cause for concernis the pink sector; this relates to my attendance at a number of meetings whichI can contribute little. Another significant area is the grey segment; thisrefers to the unscheduled time I spend sorting out computer problems. I feelthese activities are hampering my core work. As can be seen from the piecharts, the time I spend actively working to meet the goals agreed with my linemanager is less than envisaged.ConclusionsThe above discrepancies clearly indicate that my current job brief isinaccurate.RecommendationsI would recommend that my official job brief should be updated using theWorkset colours. It would also be valuable to consider the proportion ofnon-core colours in the pie chart and to investigate whether work in theseareas could be carried out by someone else more suited to these tasks.。
工作满意度英语作文In the realm of professional life, job satisfaction is apivotal factor that contributes to an individual's overallwell-being and happiness. It's not merely about the paycheck but encompasses a variety of elements that make up the work experience.First and foremost, job satisfaction is closely tied to the sense of accomplishment one derives from their work. When individuals are able to see the tangible results of their efforts and know that they are contributing positively totheir organization, it instills a sense of pride and fulfillment. This is often referred to as intrinsic motivation, where the work itself is the reward.Secondly, the work environment plays a significant role injob satisfaction. A supportive and collaborative atmosphere where employees feel valued and respected can significantly enhance job satisfaction. It's important for employers to foster a culture that encourages open communication, teamwork, and mutual respect.Thirdly, job security and career progression opportunitiesare crucial for maintaining high levels of job satisfaction. Employees are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs if they feel secure in their positions and see a clear path for growth and advancement within the company.Moreover, a good work-life balance is essential for job satisfaction. When employees have the flexibility to manage their personal and professional lives effectively, it reduces stress and increases job satisfaction. Employers can support this by offering flexible working hours, remote work options, and understanding personal commitments.Lastly, fair compensation and benefits are fundamental to job satisfaction. Employees must feel that they are being paid fairly for the work they do and that their benefits packageis competitive and comprehensive.In conclusion, job satisfaction is a multifaceted conceptthat is influenced by a range of factors including intrinsic motivation, work environment, job security, career progression, work-life balance, and fair compensation. Employers who understand and address these factors are more likely to have a satisfied and productive workforce. As for employees, recognizing what aspects of their job contribute most to their satisfaction can help them advocate for changes that will improve their work experience.。
目录中石油职称英语教材_2013年版1. The Value of Time时间的价值 (3)2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言 (4)3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的 (6)4. How to Negotiate with Americans如何与美国人谈判 (7)5. Network Security网络安全 (9)6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (11)7. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself无人驾驶汽车 (13)8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条 (15)9．The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 (16)10. Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever清洁能源行业投资热潮 (18)11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 (19)12. The Positive Meanings of Love爱的真谛 (21)13. Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits? 运动有奇效吗？ (24)14.Taking chances, Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇 (26)15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 (27)16. The American Way: Family美国人的家庭观 (29)17. Computers Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率 (30)18. The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 (32)19. A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油 (34)20.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系 (36)21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 (38)22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐 (40)23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐 (42)24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述 (46)25. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知 (48)26.The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜 (50)27.The Delight of Books 书之乐趣 (52)28.The Magic of Energy 能的魔力 (54)29. How to Reduce Employee Turnover如何减少员工流失 (57)30. That "Other Woman" in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人” (59)31.Geography of USA 美国地理概况 (61)32. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选) (64)33.Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学 (66)34.What Do Parents Owe Their Children 父母欠子女什么？ (68)35. Trends for 21st Century 21世纪的趋势 (70)36.You Bet Your Life 以命相赌 (73)37. Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康 (75)38. To Be Content with One's Lot 乐天知命 (77)39.I Didn't Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (80)40. An Introduction to Petrochemicals 石油化工产品概述 (82)41. The Subject of Smiling 微笑问题 (85)42. A $210,000 WALLET1价值21万美元的钱包 (88)43. What's Your Best Time of Day? 何时是你一天中最佳的时间？ (90)44. Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (94)45. Happiness Index幸福指数 (96)46. Becoming Wealthy: It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己 (99)47. Oil（油） (101)48. Ocean Plant Life in Decline海洋植物数量锐减 (104)49. Cultural Taboos文化禁忌 (106)50.Managing In a Global Environment 在全球环境中进行管理 (108)51.Not Quite Ready to Retire1 退休为时尚早 (111)52.Sales Promotion 产品促销 (114)53.Another Happiness 另一种快乐 (117)54.Why To Mark a Book 怎样在书上做标记 (119)55.Earth's Last Frontier: The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (122)56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲 (125)57.Listening Faults 聆听的误区 (128)58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 (132)59.The Audacity of Hope1有希望则无所畏惧 (135)60. Future of Energy能源的未来 (139)1. The Value of Time时间的价值【2013年新增加文章】1. "Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed,it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.1．谚语说：“时间就是金钱。
考研英语作文工作满意度Working as a graduate student can be a challenging and rewarding experience. 考研英语作文工作满意度相关问题是一个很值得思考的话题。
As a graduate student, we are often required to balance academic work, research projects, teaching responsibilities, and personal commitments. 作为研究生，我们往往需要平衡学术工作、研究项目、教学职责和个人承诺。
One of the key factors that contribute to our job satisfaction as graduate students is the working environment. 工作环境是影响研究生工作满意度的关键因素之一。
A supportive and collaborative working environment can enhance our productivity and motivation, while a toxic or unprofessional environment can lead to stress and burnout. 一个支持和合作的工作环境可以提高我们的生产力和动力，而有害的或不专业的环境可能导致压力和倦怠。
Another important aspect of job satisfaction for graduate students is the level of recognition and appreciation we receive for our work. 对于研究生而言，工作满意度的另一个重要方面是我们所获得的工作认可和赞赏的水平。
Job Satisfaction Among PostgraduateStudentsIn the fast-paced world of today, the pursuit of higher education has become a necessary evil for many individuals seeking to enhance their professional prospects. Postgraduate studies, in particular, are often seen as a stepping stone towards more fulfilling and rewarding careers. However, the question remains: How satisfied are postgraduate students with their jobs?Job satisfaction is a complex phenomenon that encompasses various factors such as salary, work environment, job security, and personal growth opportunities. For postgraduate students, their level of satisfaction with their jobs often hinges on how well these factors align with their expectations and aspirations.Salary, undoubtedly, plays a crucial role in job satisfaction. Postgraduate students, after investing significant time and resources in their education, often expect a corresponding return in the form of competitive salaries. If their salaries fail to meet their expectations,they may feel dissatisfied with their jobs, leading to a decrease in motivation and productivity.The work environment is another critical factor. A positive work environment that fosters teamwork, creativity, and innovation can significantly enhance job satisfaction. Conversely, a negative work environment full of conflicts, stress, and micromanagement can lead to dissatisfaction and even burnout.Job security is also an important consideration for postgraduate students. The fear of being unemployed or replaced by automation can create a constant sense of unease, affecting job satisfaction. On the other hand, a secure job with stable prospects can provide a sense of reassurance and allow individuals to focus more on their work.Lastly, personal growth opportunities are essential for maintaining job satisfaction. Postgraduate students, who have invested in their education to enhance their skillsand knowledge, often seek opportunities for further growth and development in their jobs. If these opportunities areunavailable or limited, they may feel stifled and dissatisfied.In conclusion, job satisfaction among postgraduate students is influenced by various factors, including salary, work environment, job security, and personal growth opportunities. To enhance job satisfaction, employersshould strive to provide competitive salaries, foster positive work environments, offer secure employment, and provide ample opportunities for personal growth and development. By doing so, they can not only retain talented postgraduate students but also foster a more engaged and productive workforce.**考研英语作文工作满意度**在当今快速发展的世界中，对于许多人来说，追求高等教育已成为一种必要的选择，他们希望通过这种方式增强自己的职业前景。
2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》学习笔记（考过的大题已标出）目录21.AND ALL THAT JAZZ关乎爵士乐(2016版新增) (2)22 THE GERMANIC LANGUAGES 日耳曼语系（2010版） (6)23 HOW AMERICANS EAT AND DRINK 美国人的饮食（2007版） (10)24 THE DELIGHTS OF SOUTH ISLAND 南岛之乐（2010版） (13)25 HINTS TO IMPROVE SPOKEN ENGLISH 提高英语口语须知（2007版） (17)26 THE MAGIC OF ENERGY 能的魔力（2007版） (21)27. WHEN YOU TRAVEL TO A LARGE CITY旅行在都市（2016版新增） (25)28 THAT "OTHER WOMAN" IN MY LIFE 我生命中的“另一个女人”（2007版） (29)29 GEOGRAPHY OF USA 美国地理概况（2007版） (32)30 THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA (EXCERPT) 老人与海(节选)(2010版) (37)温馨小语：每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分…，是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。
考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。
过段时间，再来温习下吧。
21.And All That Jazz关乎爵士乐(2016版新增)1.Have you ever heard the expression（说法、表达）, —and all that Jazz”？When people say that to day, it’s slang which means much the same thing as et cetera （等等）or “and so forth（等等）.” You may use it yourself. Jazz, it seems, has had quite a few（相当多）meanings. Through the history （历史）of jazz, it has meant many different kinds of music to many different people.1.你听过这种说法吗，“像爵士乐一般，诸如此类的东西”？现在人们把它用作俚语，意思和“等等”，“以此类推”类似。
44 Job Satisfaction工作满意度1.As we know，job satisfaction refers to a person’s general attitude toward his or her job.A person with a high level of job satisfaction has a positive attitude toward his or her job,while a person who is dissatisfied has a negative attitude.When people speak of employee<员工>attitudes,they usually are referring to job satisfaction.Let’s look at some findings about job satisfaction.1.我们知道，工作满意度是员工对自己工作的总体态度。
一个拥有较高水平工作满意度的人对工作持积极的态度，而对工作不满意的人则对工作持消极的态度。
通常我们谈到员工的态度时指的就是工作满意度。
我们来看看关于工作满意度的一些研究发现。
2.Are most people satisfied with their jobs?2.大多数员工对他们的工作满意吗？3.Studies of U.S. workers over the past 30 years generally indicate<表明> that the majority of<大多数>workers were satisfied with<对…感到满意> their jobs. However,since the 1990s,the number o f workers who say they’re satisfied with their jobs has been declining<下降>.A Conference Board study in 1995 found that some 60 percent of Americans were satisfied with their jobs.By 2005,that percentage<百分比> was down to 50 percent.Although job satisfaction tends to<趋向> increase as income increases<增收>,only 55 percent of individuals earning more than $50,000 are satisfied with their jobs.For individuals earning less than $15,000,about 45 percent of workers say they are satisfied with their jobs.Does the fact that those with higher incomes have slightly<稍微>higher levels of job satisfaction mean that money can buy happiness?Not necessarily<未必如此>.While i t’s possible that higher pay alone translates into higher job satisfaction，an alternative explanation is that higher pay reflects different types of jobs.Higher-paying jobs generally require more advanced skills,give jobholders greater responsibilities,are more stimulating<刺激> and provide more challenges,and allow workers more control.I t’s more likely that the reports of higher satisfaction among higher-income levels reflect the greater challenge and freedom they have in their jobs rather than the pay itself.3.在过去的30年里，针对美国工人进行的研究总体上表明，大多数员工对他们的工作是满意的。
但是，从20世纪90年代开始，对工作满意的工人的数量开始下滑。
1995年Conference Board的一项研究发现，60%的美国人对他们的工作感到满意。
2005年，这一比例下降为50%。
尽管随着收入的增加工作满意度也上升了，但是只有55%的收入超过50000美元的人对他们的工作感到满意。
在收入少于15000美元的人中，45%的工人说他们对工作感到满意。
工作满意度随收入的增加而提高这一事实，是否意味着金钱可以买到快乐呢？未必如此。
尽管更高的收入本身可能转化为更髙的工作满意度，但对这一现象还有另一种解释：更高的收入反映了工作类型的不同。
更高收入的工作通常需要更高的技能，在职者履行更多的工作职责，工作更具刺激性和挑战性，员工对工作有更多的控制。
报告中“在较高收入的工人里有着较高的满意度”可能反映的是，这些人在工作中拥有更多挑战性和自由度，而不是收入本身的影响。
4.What about employee job satisfaction levels in other countries?4.全球工作满意度其他国家的雇员工作满意度的水平如何？5.Although surveys of European workers,like U.S. workers,indicate<表明> generally lower levels of job satisfaction,there are some regional<adj地区的，地方的，地域性的> variations.For instance<例如>,68 percent of Scandinavian workers report that they are satisfied with their jobs,as do 61 percent of workers in France.But only 53 percent of Swiss and Italian workers,and 50 percent of German workers,report being satisfied with their jobs.On the other hand,60 percent of Canadian workers report being satisfied with their jobs as do 61 percent of employees from the Asia-Pacific region.5.尽管像美国工人一样，对欧洲工人的调查总体表明其工作满意度水平较低，但是这之间存在着地区差异。
例如，68%的斯堪的纳维亚工人和61%的法国工人对他们的工作感到满意。
但是只有53%的瑞士和意大利工人，50% 的德国工人对他们的工作感到满意。
此外，60%的加拿大工人和61%亚太地区的员工对他们的工作感到满意。
6.What effect does job satisfaction have on employee behavior<行为>—that is,on productivity<生产率>,absenteeism<缺勤率>,and turnover<离职率>?6.工作满意度对雇员行为即生产率、缺勤率和离职率有什么影响？7.As a result of the Hawthorne Studies,managers generalized<vt总结，概括，归纳，推广，普及> that if their employees were satisfied with their jobs,then that satisfaction would translate to working hard.So,for a good part of the twentieth century,managers believed that happy workers were productive workers.Because it’s not been that easy to determine whether job satisfaction caused<引起>job productivity or vice versa<反之亦然>,some management researchers felt that belief was generally wrong.However,we can say with some certainty<必然的> that the correlation<n相关（性），互相关系> between satisfaction and productivity is fairly strong.And when satisfaction and productivity information is gathered for the organization as a whole<总的来说>,we find that organizations with more satisfied employees tend to be more effective<增效> than organizations with fewer satisfied employees.7.根据霍桑的研究结果，管理者得出结论：如果他们的雇员对工作感到满意，这种满意会转化为努力的工作。
因此，在20世纪大部分时间里，管理者相信，快乐的工人就是高生产率的工人。
