英语语法-介词课件

推测
肯定 must be
否定 can’t be
可能 may be
What’s his job? He must be an actor. He can’t be a doctor.
What was his job many year ago? He must have been a student. He can’t have been a teacher.
情态动词的用法：
can, could 的用法
1. 表示能力，意为“能，会” e.g. Can you play basketball?
2. 表示怀疑、猜测，常用于否定句和疑问句中 e.g. He can’t be in the classroom.
3. 表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，相当于may e.g. You can go now.
can, may, must, need, had better, shall
You _m_u_s_t_n_'_t smoke here.
can, may, must, need, had better, shall
You _n_e_e_d_n_'_t go to school today, it's Saturday.
情态动词的分类：
1. 只作情态动词：must, can (could), may (might) 2. 可作情态动词也可作实意动词：need 3. 可作情态动词也可作助动词：will (would), shall (should) 4. 具有情态动词的某些特征：have to, had better
2. 表示肯定推测 e.g. She must be a student.

A．by
B．in
C．at
D．on
A．in; at
B．at; in
C．in; in
D．at; on
3．She went ____A____ the street to make some purchases. A．across B．through C．over D．above
4．—How do you study English?
—I study English ___A_____ talking with my foreign friends.
语法互动(五)┃介词和介词短语
4．since/for (1)“since＋(具体时刻/that从句)”表示“自从……起一直到现在”。 Uncle Li has worked in this factory __s_in__ce___ 2000. 李叔叔自从2000年起就在这家工厂工作了。 (2)“for＋(一段时间)”表示“有……之久”。 Uncle Li has worked in this factory ___f_o_r___ over 10 years. 李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作十多年了。
语法互动(五)┃介词和介词短语
以……开始_b_e_g_i_n_/_st_a_r_t_w_i_t_h_ 擅长…… be good at
对……有害处 be bad for
充满 be full of
确信 be sure of/about
习惯于…… _b_e__u_s_e_d_t_o_
对某人要求严格 be strict with sb.
初中英语 语法
课件PPT
语法互动(五) 介词和介词短语
语法互动(五)┃介词和介词短语
中考要求 1．熟练掌握常用介词的基本用法(表示时间、地点、位置、

The fallen tree lying across the road is an obstacle. 横在大路上一颗倒下的树是障碍。
(二)表示地点、方向的介词
9. near, by和beside (1)near意为“在……附近”，与far相对。例如：
A hospital was built near the railway station. 在火车站附近建了一所医院。 My home is near the school. 我的家离学校很近。
(三)其他用途的介词
(3)by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。例如： gold is sold by the gram. 以克出售。 they paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。
(三)其他用途的介词
2. 表示“材料”的介词：of, from, in (1)of表示从成品仍可看出原料。例如： This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 (2)from表示从成品已看不出原料。例如： Bread is made from wheat. 面包是小麦做的。 (3)in表示“用……材料”， 常用write, speak, talk, answer等连用。例如： Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。 They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 ★ in指材料时，材料前不用冠词。
(二)表示地点、方向的介词
6. between表示“在……之间(指二者)”； among表示“在……之间(指三者以上)”。例如： There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office. 在宾馆与邮局之间有一所医院。 He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。

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六、by的用法 1．表示“不迟于(某时间)”的意思。 I have promised to have the work finished by the end of this week. 我已经答应本周末完成这项工作了。 2．表示“在„„期间”(一段指明的时间)的意思。 They decided to travel by night. 他们决定在夜里旅行。 3．指人体或物体的某一部分。此人此物，句中前面 的总述对此有较为明确的特指。
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专项语法六
介词及其搭配
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要点精析 一、表进行意义的四类介词短语 1．at＋名词 He was at dinner when I came.
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He seized me by the arm. 他抓住了我的胳搏。
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4．表示“由于„„的结果”的意思。 He succeeded by hard work. 他由于努力工作而成功了。 5．含有“到„„的程度”的意思。 This one is shorter than the other by three inches. 这一个比那一个短三英寸。 We lost the match by one goal. 我们以一球之差输了那场比赛。 6．表示买卖东西所按以计算的数或量，或付酬所按 以计算的时间。 Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen. 牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论镑卖，蛋类论打卖。

6. 2. Standard time in Beijing is eight hours ____ Greenwich Mean Time(GMT格林威治标准时间). A. after B. front C. ahead of D. forward 7. --- Can you tell me what’s your aim in life, Li Ping? --- I am aiming ____ a famous physicist. A. at B. for C. in D. to 8. "Pass ____ the bus, everyone." the conductor shouted politely. A. on B. into C. to D. along 9. I was angry _____ missing the gongfu film with Cheng Long as hero. A. at B. with C. for D. on 10. We were anxious _____ news of your safe arrival. A. to B. of C. for D. at
16. Mary answered all the questions _____ the last one, which she had never heard of before. A. besides B. except C. apart from D. except for 17. Hunan lies _____ such provinces as Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and Chongqin. A. among B. above C. beside D. between 18. The dying man is _____ the help of the doctor. A. outside B. without C. out of D. beyond 19. I don’t know why he blamed the accident _____ me. A. at B. to C. for D. on 20. The horse is blind _____ the left eye. A. to B. in C. for D. on

指出介词短语在句中充当的成分 1. He is a writer of promise. 他是一个有前途的作家。 定语 2. The book is out of print. 此书已绝版。 表语
1
介词短语在句中充当什么成分？
3. The umbrella was eventually found behind the door. 雨伞最终在门后面找到。 宾补 4. Keeping everything in good order takes energy.
anger; …with cold 4. because of，同义表达有：on account of; as a result of; due to; owing to; thanks to 5. out of，接抽象名词，有“出于……”之意。
5
表示方式的介词有哪些？
翻译下列句子，指出画线介词或介词短语的用法
1. Most of the time, we communicate each other by
email.
答案
大多数时间我们通过电子邮件相互联系。by
常接交通工具，通讯工具，此时名词用单数且其前 无修饰词。也可接动名词，表方式。
5
答案
表示方式的介词有哪些？
2. Please fill in the form in pen. 请用钢笔字体填表。in后接抽象名词，通常
disobeyed the order.
这个士兵因违背命令受到了严厉处罚。
of 2. The old man died_____ hunger on a cold night. 那位老人饿死在一个寒冷的晚上。 with 3. The little girl's hands turned red_______ cold. 小女孩的手冻红了。

1 关系代词作介词的宾语 介词未提前时： 指人可以用that/who/whom， 还可以省略 指物可以用that/which，还可以省略 介词提前时： 不能省略, 指人只能用whom，指物只能用which。
2. 介词的选用原则
① This is the book _o_n__w_h_ic_h_ I spent 8 yuan. spend money on sth.为固定搭配
A.none of which B.neither of which
C.none of them D.neither of them
7. China has many rivers___C_the Changjiang River is the longest.
A.which
B. in which
C.among which D. one of which
② English is the subject _a_t_w_h_i_c_h_ he is good. ③ Generation is a problem i_n__w_h_i_c_h_
people are interested.
2) 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配
①I remember the day _o_n__w_h_i_c_h_ I joined
③ He’s standing by the window _t_h_r_o_u_g_h_w__h_i_ch___ he can see what’s happening outside.
4) 根据从句与先行词的逻辑关系。
3. 介词of +关系代词 1) 通常表示部分与整体的关系，前或后常
有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如： ① He loves his parents deeply, both of whom

但：on the bike, on the bus, on the train, on the plane, on the ship, in the car…
7. ①Shangh部 ) ②Japan lies __t_o__the east of China.( 在中国外部 ) ③Hubei lies __o_n__the north of Hunan.( 两地接壤 )
3. in three days, in a week, in a month, in May,
in 1998 …
__表_示__大_于_一__天_的__时_间_用__i_n____
4. in the morning, in the afternoon , in the
evening
___在_早__上_/_下_午_/_傍_晚__用___i_n___
3. in English , in French , in your own words, in three language… ____使_用_语__言_用__介_词__in_______
4. in a loud voice, in a low voice… ___使__用_声_音__用_介_词__i_n_____
一.地点介词
❖ 1.at the village , at home, at the corner of the
street..
___表__示__小__地__方__用__a__t_____
❖ 2.in Shanghai , in the country, in Asia, in the world,
表示__不__同___地__方__用__具__体__不__同__的__介__词
填上正确的地点介词：

介词误用案例分析
介词选择误用
在表示时间、地点、方式、原因等语境中，不同的介词有着不同的用法， 误用会导致表达不准确。例如：I am interested on music (X)，应该改 为I am interested in music(O)。
介词误用案例分析
介词搭配误用
一些词组中的介词是固定的，不可随意更改，如look forward to，be used to等。误用会导致语法不通，不符合英语表达习惯。例如：I am looking forward for your reply (X)，应该改为I am looking forward to your reply(O)。
介词填空技巧
多读多练
最后，要多读多练，提高自己的语感和填空技巧。可以通过做题、背诵 课文、阅读英文文章等方式来加强自己的语感和词汇量。
介词在阅读理解中的应用
介词在阅读理解中的应用
01 定位信息 02 表示关系
03 区分意义
介词在阅读理解中的应用
定位信息
在阅读理解中，介词的一个重要作用就是帮助我们定位信息。通过介词 所描述的位置、方向、时间等信息，我们可以更准确地理解文章的内容， 从而更好地回答问题。
介词重复误用
在同一个句子中，重复使用同一个介词，会导致语言重复，影响表达效 果。例如：I went to to the cinema (X)，应该改为I went to the cinema(O)。
介词填空技巧
介词填空技巧
01 同义词替换 02 熟记搭配
03 注意动词时态
介词填空技巧
同义词替换
在填空时，可以尝试将介词替换成其同义词，判断哪个更符合语境。例 如，将“on”替换成“upon”或“about”等。

total land.
He cultivated the world's first high-yielding hybrid rice strain in 1973, which was later
grown _o_n__ a large scale in China and other countries to substantially raise output. Yuan once said he had two dreams -- to "enjoy the cool _u__n_d_e_r the rice crops taller than men" and that hybrid rice could be grown all _o__v_e_r the world to help solve the
6．(2020·肇庆市统一检测)Many argue that any attempt to get rid of coal would result in a widespread loss of jobs.
7．(2020·南昌市模拟)It is known to everybody that the sun is very important and nothing in the world can survive without it.
13:07 pm in a hospital in Changsha of Hunan province, according to the hospital and
other sources.
Family members hummed songs __t_oYuan in his final hours, reporters __a_t_ the site