Automatic sensor and mechanical shutter calibration for digital still cameras
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Axiom™ AXExplosionproof on/off valve controller7AX20STEN12 | Valve communication & control Axiom™ AXAdvanced performance and reliability in harsh environmentsUniversal applicationOne conventional model will satisfy most applications with standard 20 to 240 VAC or VDC monitoring feedback and solenoid control. Standard models also feature high flow five-way, two-position pneumatic control suitable for both single- and double-acting actuation. Bus communication models offer the same pneumatic control and have pilots tuned for very low power consumptionminimizing voltage drops on long cable runs.Rugged constructionChoose from the robust epoxy-coated anodized aluminum or the 316 stainless steel enclosure designed for explosionproof applications. This platform is extremely durable and is also well-suited for use in corrosive, heavy washdown and high seas environments.Exceptional reliabilityThe Axiom is designed to perform reliably in adverse conditions. Its non-contact position sensing system, with fully potted and sealed electronics, is completely protected inside the water-tight explosionproof enclosure. The integral pneumatic control is tolerant of contaminants and able to operate on standard plant air. A rebreather capability is also standard, eliminating potential ingestion of outside contaminants into the spring side of single-acting actuators.Space efficient designThe Axiom AX encloses all electrical components in an explosionproofcompartment with less than 5” (130 mm) clearance requirement above the top of the actuator. Additional clearance for cover removal is less than 2” (50 mm) because there is no shaft to lift over. The automated valve spacing envelope is minimized without compromising performance or maintainability.The Axiom explosionproof platform, available in epoxy-coated anodized aluminum or stainless steel, will withstand your most challenging plant environments. Its advanced position monitoring and integral pneumatic control offer the ultimate in reliability, convenience, and value.+1 218 739 5774 Valve communication & control | 38. Durable enclosure and manifold/mounting plate are available inepoxy-coated anodized aluminum or 316 stainless steel. All fasteners, indicator couplers, and pneumatic valve end-caps are made of 316 stainless steel.9. Push button set points for openand closed accurately lock in position settings which remain in place when power is removed and reapplied.10. Electronic components are sealedand potted inside function module to protect against residual moisture, vibration, and corrosives.11. Rapid enclosure access withthe screw-on cover saves valuablemaintenance and set-up time. The cover provides a vapor tight seal and allows entry to internal components in seconds.12. High accuracy position sensorsystem is solid state with no moving wear points for highly reliable and precise position feedback.13. No bushings or shafts will wear out.Electronic module, with magnetically driven position sensor, is fully isolated from the outside environment. Actuator wear causing shaft “wobble” will not affect monitoring performance.14. High visibility mechanical and electronic indication confirmsopen/closed position and solenoid status for greater safety and convenience.15. Axiom directly attaches to VDI/VDE 3845 (NAMUR) actuatorsand many others using a compact mounting manifold system (sold separately).1. Universal voltage solenoid systemoperates on less than 0.6 watts of power and is burn out proof. Standard version will accept 24 VDC, 120 VAC or 240 VAC reducing stocking requirements.2. Prefiltered pilot valve providesadditional protection from contaminants.3. Easy removal from automated valve package is accomplishedwith captured stainless steel fasteners and unique modular design.4. Integral pneumatic valve operateson standard plant air, will cycle most actuators in less than two seconds, and is modularized for easy clean out if fouling occurs.5. External pneumatic valve overrideoptions are available enabling localautomated valve operation. (Internal pilot momentary override is standard on all solenoids.)6. Standard 5-way, 2-position valveoperates both single-acting and double-acting actuators and features a standard rebreather to feed instrument air into spring side of actuator to keep out corrosives.7. Highest explosionproof ratingssuitable for use in Ex d IIC Zone I and Class I, Division 1 areas.Stainless steel enclosureEpoxy-coated aluminum enclosureThe Axiom’s pneumatic valve system consists of a low-power pilot that drives the main high-flow spool valve. Pilots may be selected for conventional or bus networking applications. Bothstages of the pneumatic valve system have been designed for long life, high tolerance to air linecontaminants, and ease of maintenance should components become fouled.Dual pilot configurationDual pilot options may be selected for special applications suchas shuttle piston for fail-in-last position. External manual overrideoptions are also readilyavailable. For special valveconfigurations with non-standard manual overridefeatures please consultStoneL.Special features• Pilot and main spool design offer long life, exceptional tolerance todirty air, and tight shut-off.• Spool and pilot valve may be conveniently removed and cleaned iflarge contaminants become lodged in the valve.• Universal voltage solenoid system may be used for standard AC orDC applications.• Five-way, two-position spring return configuration may be used foreither single- or double-acting actuators. Dual coil shuttle pistonversions are also available for fail-in-last position.• Low power consumption of solenoid reduces current flow on busnetworks enabling more units and longer distances on a singlesegment.• Rebreather channels exhausted air from pressurized side ofactuator into spring side, preventing ingestion of contaminatedair from the environment that may corrode springs or actuatorinternals.• Standard internal manual override enables convenient set-up.• Removable stainless steel sintered metal prefilter reduces potentialfor fouling pilot valve.• Available in 0.7 or 1.2 Cv to satisfy pneumatic flow requirements formost actuators.Pneumatic control4 | Valve communication & control +1 218 739 5774 Valve communication & control | 5Double-acting actuatorSpring return actuatorManifold and mounting systemThe mounting manifold system directly attaches the Axiom to the actuator and ports air from the pneumatic valve to the actuator. Included in the manifold system are:1. Actuator shaft adaptor and fastener.2. Epoxy-coated anodized aluminum or stainless steel mountingplate manifold with o-rings and stainless steel fasteners.The manifold system readily adapts to VDI/VDE 3845 NAMUR sizes 1 and 2. Special variations may be made for sizes 3, 4 and non-standardized quarter-turn actuator mounting patterns.Modular mounting design cuts valve removal costsThe Axiom enclosure may be quickly and conveniently disconnected from the actuator. Electrical components and wiring, along withpneumatic supply, may remain attached to the explosionproof enclosure while it is removed from the mounting/manifold plate (pneumatic supplyshould be shut off ). Mounting/manifold with pneumatic tubing remains attached to the valve/actuator which thenmay be pulled out of line.The mounting manifold system is specified and sold separately. Kits are specific to actuator manufacturer. For kit numbers visit: /mounting.Single or double-acting configurationThe same Axiom model is suitable for both single-acting/springreturn (SR) and double-acting (DA) actuators. The standard rebreather capability for single-acting/spring return is built in. Field configuration may be made by conveniently removing and reinserting the plug for the appropriate actuator type. For rebreather to function properly, both manifold ports must be tubed to the actuator.6 | Valve communication & controlSensing and communication moduleOverviewThe Axiom platform has all position sensing, communication or switching integrated into StoneL's C-module. Users may set position switches conveniently and accurately on all modules. And easy to view instructions, along with LED indication, are boldly displayed on the module itself.Sensing and communication module+1 218 739 5774 Valve communication & control | 7Sensing and communication module continued8 | Valve communication & control +1 218 739 5774 Valve communication & control | 9Position sensorThe Axiom utilizes a magnetic resistive (Mag Res) sensor system that monitors exact valve position. The Mag Res sensor system is tolerant of lateral and vertical shaft movement which may be experienced inhigh cycle worn actuators without affecting rotational measurement. No cams, shafts or other mechanical apparatus are required that are prone to wear andbinding.C-moduleUsed in the Axiom platform, the C-module (continuous sensing) integrates a magnetic resistive sensor system to monitor exact valve position throughout the rotational range. Push button or remote open and closed position setting along with microprocessor based operation make this state-of-the-art system convenient, reliable, and smart.Open and closed settingsSwitches correspond to a particular valve position and are set using the push button panel on the module’s sealed membrane pad. Simply operate the actuator to the open position (using standard internal manual override) and push the “Set Open” button. Operate the actuator to the closed position and push the “Set Closed” button. Position settings remain locked in when power is removed and reapplied.Visual indicatorVisual indicator designationsClearly view valve position status from up to 75 feet with the Axiom's visual indicator. The indicator’s rugged Lexan® construction makes it resistant to physical damage and tolerant to most corrosives.Position sensor and module10 | Valve communication & control Identify potential problems • Check air supply pressureAlerts are activated if low or high levels exceed preset thresholds that would threaten pneumatic valve or actuator performance.• Determine solenoid conditionVoltage and current levels are monitored to determine the health of the solenoid coil whenever energized.• Local trouble-shooting displayDevice LED array identifies problem sources for rapid trouble-shooting and maintenance at the valve/actuator site.• Monitor pneumatic spool and pilot valve operationPneumatic valve spool position ismonitored to determine proper shifting performance when the solenoid is energized and de-energized.• Remote switch settingOpen and closed limit switch settings may be made with on-board push buttons or remotely through the control system.• Field identify with winkingTo positively confirm the field device identity, the control room may initiate the Wink function that flashes both open and closed LEDs without affecting valve operation.• Stuck process valve/actuatorIf the Axiom stalls in mid stroke and no Axiom problem sources are identified an alert will be energized to indicate the problem source is in the valve/actuator assembly.The AX (96) offers basic diagnostics for AS-Interface networkapplications that enable end use customers to increase uptime and reduce maintenance costs. Axiom AS-Interface diagnostic systems interface with any version 2.1 or greater masters/gateways.Electrical connectionsThe Axiom with AS-Interface diagnostics uses standard (1-31)addressing with a 4DI/4DO profile to maximize the diagnostic data available via the network. Diagnostic units may be integrated on the same network as other AS-Interface devices.Control system interfaceInterface up to 31 Axiom units into your control system.Communication bits may be mapped into standard DCS or PLC as desired. No special software is required. See the StoneL FieldLink program for information about the cost saving benefits and easy installation of the AS-Interface protocol.Axiom with AS-Interface diagnostics in AX (96)Diagnostic systemsReduce plant downtime and cut maintenance costsThe Axiom AS-Interface and HART models feature on-board diagnostics that predict potential automated valve malfunctions. As a result, plant downtime may be reduced by repairingautomated valves during planned shutdowns instead of process operations. Should problems occur during process operation, maintenance personnel will be aided by rapidly locating failure causes, consequently speeding up valve repair and operation renewal.T416 alarm: low air supply pressure+1 218 739 5774 The AX71 is a valve monitoring and control device for discrete quarter-turn automated valves. Used in conventional applications, it has the added capability of providing diagnostic information for the pilot solenoid, spool valve, and actuator. And, the device stores historical data on each open and closed operation.Excessive valve torque changes24 VDC4-20 mAMaintenance PCBluetooth ®or USBExternal HART ModemAnalog Input (AI)** 24 VDC power supply assumed as part of the loop.HART ModemDiscrete Output (DO)*12 | Valve communication & control Fast, convenient set-upCalibration may be performed quickly and easily using the Axiom Expeditor’s readily accessible membrane control pad. By simplyfollowing the on-board instructions, with the unit powered up, all set-up procedures may be performed in a few easy steps and the actuator evaluated for proper stroke timing.During set-up, as mentioned above, the Axiom Expeditorautomatically gages the speed of the actuator to determine if flow restrictors are needed. If full stroke is less than one second, flowrestrictors (included with each Expeditor from the factory) are required to assure smooth, consistent intermediate control operation.Axiom ExpeditorImprove process performance and prevent damage to equipment with intermediate control With expanded control and monitoring capabilities, the Axiom Expeditor offers unparalleled value in batch processing applications. Below are a few examples of applications where the Axiom Expeditor may improve your plant operation.Fill controlFill tanks and hoppers rapidly and accurately. You can set the Axiom Expeditor to partially close the valve to reduce flow as the full level approaches. You get fast, economical “topping off” of every batch with a single valve sized for high flow rates, which may be throttled back at the end of the fill cycle.Flow dampeningThe Axiom Expeditor allows valves to close using multiple steps, which inhibits water hammer resulting from a sudden full closure. You get prolonged valve and piping life, improved process flow performance and less potential for catastrophic failure.Thermal shock reductionBy partially opening a standard discrete valve, steam lines are heated gradually; thus preventing thermal shock. Once lines are heated, full opening may occur minimizing any potential damage to steam lines. This is especially critical in CIP (clean-in-place) and SIP (steam-in-place) applications.Fu ll o p enPa rt ia l o p enC lo sedFi llTo p o ffFu ll+1 218 739 5774 Valve communication & control | 13Simple operation and control system integration• Full open and closed cycling is performed by energizing and de-energizing the discrete 24 VDC output (DO) from the control system.• A preset intermediate position may be achieved by maintaining power from the discrete output (DO) and switching on the analog output (AO) at a preset level between 4 and 20 mA.• Intermediate control is achieved by maintaining power from the discrete output (DO) and energizing the control system’s analog output (AO). By changing the AO signal, the Axiom control output will toggle the solenoids to the desired position within ±4% of full scale.• The valve/actuator operates to the fail-safe position whenever the discrete output (DO) is de-energized.Control SystemAxiom ExpeditorDiscrete Output (DO)*Analog Output (AO)*Analog Input (AI)*Solenoid PowerControl InputPosition MonitoringControl Output*24 VDC power supplyassumed as part of the loop.Actuator14 | Valve communication & control +1 218 739 5774 Valve communication & control | 15DimensionsSubject to change without prior notice. Neles, Jamesbury and Easyflow by Neles, StoneL, and certain other trademarks, are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Neles Corporation or its subsidiaries or affiliates in the United States and/or in other countries. For more information /trademarks26271 US Highway 59, Fergus Falls, MN 56537 USA Tech hotline +1 218 737 0701Tel. +1 218 739 5774Email:**************** Publication Number S-912-12/20。
ID CHS ENU1此页有意留空PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK2 拧紧力矩Tightening torques3‘应用’位置‘apply’ position4“传感器”区域“Sensor” fields5“高”量程Range HIGH6“开”继电器‘On’ relay7+12 V锁定+12 VOLT UNDER KEY81输出信号 1 output signal94WD控制电磁阀4WD control solenoid valve104WD控制电磁阀4WD control solenoid valve115V电源错误Error in 5V power supply12A/C风扇第1档速度A/C fan 1st speed13A/C风扇第4个速度继电器A/C fan 4th speed relay14A/C线路A/C wiring15A/C压缩机A/C compressor16A/C压缩机A/C compressor17A/C压缩机A/C compressor18A1后压力SW A1 Back pressure SW19ART代码ART CODE20ART页面 ART screen page21CAN ID 程序CAN ID progr.22CAN通讯情况CAN communication23CAN总线CAN BUS24CAN总线系统CAN line radar system25DIN插座DIN socket26EPB控制电缆EPB control cable27EPB控制装置EPB control unit28EV换向器润滑性EV reverser lubrification29Led拖车制动器压力Led Trailer Brakes Pressure30L离合器电磁阀L clutch solenoid valve31MN1 GND传感器MN1 GND sensor32RG0,5换向器输出速度RG0,5 Reverser output speed33SBA传感器线路SBA sensor wiring34SBA传感器引线SBA sensor lead35w/液压制动器w/ hydraulic braking36ZN1换向器输入速度ZN1 Reverser input speed37安培Ampere38安全说明Safety notes39安全状态 condition of safety40按【1】键Press [1]41巴 bar42扳手Wrench43板灯Plate light44保存到存储器save to memory45保险丝盒 fusebox46保险丝线路fuses wiring47备用电瓶Backup battery48备用电瓶的保险丝Maxi fuse for backup battery49备用电瓶电压Backup battery voltage50备用电瓶接地Backup battery earth51备用电瓶接地Backup battery earth52变速器ECU Transmission ECU53变速器ECU线端设计line end programming of the Tran 54变速器输入速度Tranmission input speed55变速箱过滤器Gear box filter56变速箱滤油器gearbox oil filter57变速箱滤油器的真空传感器Vacuum sensor for gearbox oil fi 58变速箱滤油器用的真空传感器Vacuum sensor for gearbox oil59不断变化change continuously60不正常anomalous61不正确incorrect62部件COMPONENTS63部件列表List of components64部件列表List of components65参数菜单parameters menu66操纵manoeuvre67操作者operator68侧灯Sidelights69侧灯开关Sidelights switch70侧灯开关Sidelights switch71侧灯开关Sidelights switch72测试仪tester73插脚Pin74插座socket75差速控制器电磁阀DIFF control solenoid valve76差速控制器电磁阀DIFF control solenoid valve77差速器电磁阀Differential SV78差异Discrepancy79差值Difference80尝试Attempt81超过极限above limit82超时信息Timeout messages83车灯电源继电器Lights power relay84车灯电源继电器Lights power relay85车灯继电器Lights relay86车灯继电器Lights relay87车灯用Maxifuse保险丝Maxi fuse fuse for lights88车后窗刮水器Rear window wiper89车后窗刮水器Rear window wiper90车辆静止状态vehicle stationary91车辆主电瓶vehicle’s main battery92车门灯Door light93车门上的内部礼貌灯开关Interior courtesy light switch o94车门上的内部礼貌灯开关Interior courtesy light switch o 95车身前端线路front wiring96车身前端线路front wiring97车载仪器、视觉和声学指示器On-board instruments, visual and 98车载仪器、视觉和声学指示器On-board instruments, visual and 99齿轮GEAR100齿轮平滑变速 smooth gear changes101冲突Conflict102充电电平 charge levels103充分释放Fully release104出厂校准值factory-set calibration values 105出口/入口inlet/outlet106初始化initialized107初始化程序initialisation procedure108初始屏幕 initial screen109传感器sensor110传感器电源sensor power111传输速度传感器电源 transmission speed sensor power 112错误使用IMPROPER USE113带有遥控阀的扶手Remote control114单个菜单选项individual menu options115挡风玻璃刮水器Windscreen wiper116挡风玻璃刮水器Windscreen wiper117登陆界面introductory screen118第三Thr119点烟器Cigar lighter120电磁阀比例错误Proportional SV fault121电磁铁Electromagnets122电动停车制动器压力开关Electrical parking brake pressur 123电可檫除只读存储器EEPROM124电量不足 charge level insufficient125电流值current value126电瓶Battery127电气牵引力Electrical draw128电气图ELECTRICAL DIAGRAM129电压过低Voltage too low130电压过高Voltage too high131电源power supply132电源保险丝 power supply fuse133电源不正确power incorrect134电源插座power socket135电源短接 shorting to power136电源连接短路Short to power137电源连接器Power connector138电子故障 electronic fault139电子停车制动器CAN Electronic parking brake CAN140电子停车制动器CAN Electronic parking brake CAN141电子停车制动器ECU Electronic parking brake ECU142电子停车制动器ECU Electronic parking brake ECU143吊升/下放开关UP/DOWN switch144吊升/下放开关UP/DOWN switch145吊升/下放开关UP/DOWN switch146动力换挡POWER SHIFT solenoid-operated pr 147动力换挡Powershift148动力换挡H离合器电磁阀POWERSHIFT H clutch solenoid val 149动力换挡H离合器电磁阀POWERSHIFT H clutch solenoid val 150动力换挡L离合器电磁阀POWERSHIFT L clutch solenoid val 151动力换挡M离合器电磁阀POWERSHIFT M clutch solenoid val 152动力换挡M离合器电磁阀POWERSHIFT M clutch solenoid val 153动力换挡离合器1电磁阀POWERSHIFT clutch 1 solenoid val 154动力换挡离合器3电磁阀POWERSHIFT clutch 3 solenoid val 155动力换挡离合器3电磁阀POWERSHIFT clutch 3 solenoid val 156动力换挡离合器电磁阀POWERSHIFTL clutch solenoid valv 157动力输出轴开关PTO switch158动力输出轴开关PTO switch159动力输出轴开关PTO switch160动力输出轴控制器PTO control161动力输出轴制动开关PTO brake switch162动力输出轴制动开关PTO brake switch163动力输出轴制动开关PTO brake switch164动力输出轴制动控制器电磁阀PTO brake control solenoid valve 165动力输出轴制动控制器电磁阀PTO brake control solenoid valve 166动力输出轴制动控制器电磁阀PTO brake control solenoid valve 167动力输出轴制动器螺线管PTO Brake solenold168动力输出轴制动器螺线管PTO Brake solenoid169动力往复Powershuttle170动力往复‘反向’电磁阀POWERSHUTTLE ‘reverse’ solenoi 171动力往复‘正向’电磁阀POWERSHUTTLE ‘forward’ solenoi 172短促的嘟嘟声brief beep173多个位置同时激活more than one position active si 174二级控制杆Secondary lever175发出嘟嘟的警报声emits a beep176发动机Motore177发动机接口线路engine interface wiring178发动机冷却剂温度传感器Engine coolant temperature senso 179发动机每分钟转数Engine Rpm180发动机线路engine wiring181发动机转矩临界值engine torque threshold182发动机转速1600Rpm1600Rpm Motore183阀门valve184反射镜reflector185反向驱动压力开关Reverse drive pressure switch 186方向指示器direction indicator187方向指示器direction indicator188分电器Distributor189分电器Distributor190扶手Armrest191扶手系统Armrest system192扶手系统雷达Armrest system radar193扶手压力传感器RAIL pressure sensor194负极接线柱Negative terminal195干扰 interrupted196钢丝绳 - 吊索Wire ropes - slings197高档(HR)离合器电磁阀High Range (HR) clutch solenoid 198工作灯继电器Worklights relay199工作范围Work range200工作范围Range work201工作压力开关Service pressure switch202工作压力开关Service pressure switch203供应商 supplier204鼓风机速度选择器开关Blower speed selector switch205鼓风机速度选择器开关Blower speed selector switch206鼓风机速度选择器开关Blower speed selector switch207故障FAULT208故障部件faulty component209关闭STOP210管线设施ECU Services ECU211管线设施ECU Services ECU212管线设施ECU Services ECU213管线设施ECU系统雷达Services ECU system radar214规定范围specified range215黑色背景白色数字white number on black background 216后挡风玻璃刮水器开关Rear screen wiper switch217后动力输出轴电磁阀Rear PTO solenoid valve218后动力输出轴电磁阀Rear PTO SV219后动力输出轴阀门Rear PTO valve220后动力输出轴阀门Rear PTO valve221后端贮水池线路rear water reservoir wiring222后刮水器Rear wiper223后刮水器开关Rear wiper switch224后刮水器开关Rear wiper switch225后升降机位置传感器Rear lift position sensor226后视镜除雾装置开关Mirror demister switch227后视镜除雾装置开关Mirror demister switch228后视镜控制器Rear-view mirrors control229后视镜控制器Rear-view mirrors control230后视图BACK-SIDE VIEW231换挡gear shift232换挡系数Coefficients233换算因数Conversion factors234换算因数Conversion factors235换向器输出温度 Reverser output temperature 236换新renewal237活动Movement238机具 implement239机械行程极限mechanical travel limit240机械离合器组件mechanical clutches assembly 241机油压力传感器Oil pressure sensor242基本压力分布图basic pressure profile243激活过程initialisation procedure244激活自动校准程序Activate automatic calibration 245计时器Timer246计数器 counter247技术支持服务Technical Assistance service 248继电器Relay249继电器支架relay holder250加倍double251加热器回输继电器Heater feedback relay252加热器回输继电器Heater feed-back relay253加速换挡gear shifts up254加速器踏板Accelerator pedal255加速器踏板传感器Accelerator pedal sensor256加速器踏板传感器Accelerator pedal sensor257加速器踏板传感器Accelerator pedal sensor258驾驶杆操纵杆Steering column lever259驾驶杆操纵杆Steering column lever260驾驶杆操纵杆Steering column lever261驾驶室顶板线路cab roof wiring262驾驶室开关线路cab switches wiring263驾驶室礼貌灯Cab courtesy light264驾驶室礼貌灯Cab courtesy light265驾驶室礼貌灯开关Cab courtesy light switch266驾驶室线路cab wiring267驾驶位置driving position268检测车速speed detection269检查CHECKS270减速换挡gear shifts down271减小数值reduce the value272降级模式齿轮Limp Home gears273交流发电机Alternator274交流发电机Alternator275接触器Contactors276接地Earth277接地短路 is shorting to earth278接地短路Short to earth279接线器上的代码CODE ON CONNECTOR280接线完好 continuity of wiring281结束校准End curr.282解调起动压力差demodulation start pressure diff 283介质连接Intermediate connections284紧急情况emergency285紧急制动系统emergency braking system286进入主菜单access the main menu287警告WARNING288警示CAUTION289静态发车standing start290静止启动standing start291镜子mirror292距离传感器校准Range Senso Cal.293开始校准Start curr.294可能值Possible value295可信性Plausibility296可信性错误Plausibility error297空灯Empty lamp298空气净化器Air cleaner299空气净化器Air cleaner300空气净化器Air cleaner301空气净化器Air cleaner302空气制动电磁阀Air braking solenoid valve303空调恒温器Air conditioning thermostat304空调恒温器Air conditioning thermostat305空调恒温器Air conditioning thermostat306空调恒温器Air conditioning thermostat307空调控制盘灯Air conditioning control panel l 308空调控制盘灯Air conditioning control panel l 309空调控制盘灯Air conditioning control panel l 310空载 unladen311控制阀界面Control valves screen312控制区网络线雷达系统CAN line radar system313控制元件control unit314雷达Padar315雷达系统阴极板Radar system negatives316离合器充油循环clutch fill cycles317离合器传感器Clutch sensor318离合器传感器Clutch sensor319离合器传感器Clutch sensor320离合器踏板 Clutch pedal321离合器踏板行程极限传感器Clutch pedal travel limit sensor 322离合器踏板行程极限传感器Clutch pedal travel limit sensor 323连接Connection324连接connection325量程变速箱输出速度传感器Range gearbox output speed senso 326量程变速箱输出速度传感器Range gearbox output speed senso 327量程变速箱输出速度传感器Range gearbox output speed senso 328量程变速箱输入速度传感器Range box input speed sensor329量程变速箱位置传感器Range gearbox position sensor 330量程变速箱位置传感器Range gearbox position sensor 331量程位置Range position332临时位置Momentary position333临时位置Momentary position334灵敏Sensitiv335轮毂速度传感器Wheel hub speed sensor336螺管磁铁操作比例阀Solenoid-operated proportional v 337螺母nuts338螺栓Bolts339螺线管Solenoid340螺线管操作比例阀Radar341没有遥控阀的扶手Armrest without remote control v 342密封配件Fittings with seal343密码提示password prompt344明显的衰退noticeable deterioration345模式Mode346磨损wear347默认设置default settings348目录TABLE OF CONTENTS349内部温度 internal temperature350内部照明灯Interior lights351内存储器故障internal memory fault352啮合engagement353拧紧力矩Tightening torques354扭矩Nm355爬坡量程范围Creeper range356牌照灯Number plate light357牌照灯Number plate light358配件Fittings359配件 assembly360配置Config361配置菜单Configurations menu362喷油嘴Injector363屏幕指示on-screen instructions364其他装置Miscellaneous devices365启动功能enable the function366起动start367起动并再次充电Starting and recharging368起动电动机Starter motor369起动机键开关Starter key switch370起动继电器Start relay371起动继电器Start relay372牵引车方向Tractor direction373牵引车速度Tractor speed374前侧等线路Front lights wiring375前车灯线路front lights wiring376前动力输出轴速度传感器Front PTO speed sensor377前端工作灯Front worklight378前端贮水池线路front water reservoir wiring 379前端左侧侧灯Front LH sidelight380前方布线Front wiring381前方右侧灯Front LH sidelight382前方右侧灯和方向指示器Front LH sidelight and direction 383前工作灯开关Front work lights switch384前工作灯线路front worklights wiring385前视图FRONT-SIDE VIEW386前悬架位置传感器Front suspension position sensor 387前悬架位置传感器Front suspension position sensor 388前压力SW Front pressure SW389前轴‘吊升’电磁阀Front axle ‘Down’ solenoid val 390前轴‘吊升’电磁阀Front axle ‘Down’ solenoid val 391前轴‘下放’电磁阀Front axle ‘Up’ solenoid valve 392前轴开关Front axle switch393前轴开关Front axle switch394前轴开关Front axle switch395前轴开关Front axle switch396前轴螺线管操作比例阀Front axle solenoid operated pro 397前轴线路front axle wiring398驱动方向drive direction399曲轴速度传感器Crankshaft speed sensor400全部行程full travel401全光束头灯继电器Full beam headlights relay402全光束头灯继电器Full beam headlights relay403确认菜单confirmation menu404燃油低压传感器Fuel low pressure sensor405燃油水分传感器Water in fuel sensor406燃油水分传感器Water in fuel sensor407燃油液位Fuel level408闪光装置Flasher unit409闪光装置继电器Flasher unit relay410闪光装置继电器Flasher unit relay411闪烁flashing412上部工作灯开关Upper worklights switch413上部后工作灯升/降开关Upper rear worklights Up/Down sw 414上部后工作灯升/降开关Upper rear worklights Up/Down sw 415上部前工作灯开关Upper front worklights switch 416上部前工作灯开关Upper front worklights switch 417设施Services418升降机‘吊升’电磁阀Lift ‘Up’ solenoid valve419升降机‘下放’电磁阀Lift ‘Down’ solenoid valve420升降机‘下放’电磁阀Lift ‘Down’ solenoid valve421升降说明Lifting instructions422使用寿命 service life423手动电子控制器Manual electrical controls424手动校准manual calibration425手油门Hand throttle426输入密码Enter the password427输送管线滤油器delivery line oil filter428输送管线滤油器的真空传感器Clogging sensor for delivery lin 429数据Data430数据集型DataSet version431数码输出故障digital outpu432数字输出Digital output433数字显示式时钟Digital clock434数字显示式时钟Digital clock435双倍换挡double gear shift436水平放置的拖车Tractor in plane437水平路面 level ground438说明DESCRIPTION439松开制动器brakes released440速度传感器speed sensor441锁定 lock up442锁定按钮Lock button443特性/注释CHARACTERISTICS/NOTES444调整正确 correctly adjusted445停车信号灯Brake lamp446停车信号灯Brake lamp447停车制动器Park brake448停止不恰当使用Desist from improper use of449通讯 communication450投入使用Putting into service451凸轮轴速度传感器Camshaft speed sensor452突然移动accidental movement453退出 Exit454拖车 Trailer455拖车插座Trailer socket456拖车插座Trailer socket457拖车插座Trailer socket458拖车制动器Trailer braking459拖车制动器Trailer braking460拖车制动器Trailer braking461拖车制动器压力Led Traller Brakes Pressure462拖车制动器压力Trailer Brakes Pressure463外延传感器ExtSensor464外置灯Exterior lights465往复滑动Shuttle slipping466往复逻辑状态Shuttle logic status467往复装置出口温度传感器Shuttle outlet temperature senso 468往复装置出口温度传感器Shuttle outlet temperature senso 469往复装置出口温度传感器Shuttle outlet temperature senso470往复装置的空挡Neutral on the shuttle471往复装置进口温度传感器Shuttle inlet temperature sensor 472往复装置进口温度传感器Shuttle inlet temperature sensor 473往复装置润滑电磁阀Shuttle lubrication solenoid val 474往复装置润滑电磁阀Shuttle lubrication solenoid val 475往复装置输出速度传感器Shuttle output speed sensor476往复装置输出速度传感器Shuttle output speed senso477往复装置输出速度传感器Shuttle output speed sensor478往复装置输出速度传感器Shuttle output speed sensor479往复装置输入速度传感器Shuttle input speed sensor480危险DANGER481危险警报灯开关Hazard warning lights switch482危险警报灯开关Hazard warning lights switch483维修手册WORKSHOP MANUAL484未连接disconnected485未连接Not connected486未校准not calibrated487位置1的电气引力SCHEMA RIF. A POS Electrical dra 488位置1电气引力Electrical draw for pos.489温度读数temperature reading490稳定位置Stable position491涡轮机空气温度/压力传感器Turbine air temperature/pressure 492无激活位置no position active493无线电广播设备Radio494无障碍clear of obstacles495吸入管线滤油器suction line oil filter496吸入管线滤油器的真空传感器Vacuum sensor for suction line o 497吸入管线滤油器的真空传感器Vacuum sensor for suction line o 498系数Coefficiente499系数值coefficient value500系统代码SYSTEM CODE501系统连接SYSTEM LINK502系统阴极板Negatives system503下部前工作灯开关Lower front worklights switch 504线束WIRING HARNESSES505向后BACKWARD506小幅度移动 jolt507校准菜单Calibrations menu508校准模式 calibration mode509校准时长(小时)Calibration hour510校准值Cal Value511新界面new screen512信号Signal513信号不可用 signal not available514信号故障signal error515信号器buzzer516休息位置rest position517修正系数corrective factor518悬挂SOSPENSIONE519悬架 Sospensione520旋转式信号灯 rotating beacon521旋转式信号灯开关Rotating beacon switch522旋转式信号灯开关Rotating beacon switch523旋转式信号灯开关Rotating beacon switch524旋转信号灯Rotating beacon525选项OPTIONS526选择Sel527压力开关Pressure switch528压力状态开关status of pressure switches529压制动器brake depressed530延迟时间time delay531延伸路面 stretch of road532严重性SEVERITY533严重性指数 Severity index534遥控阀Remote control valve535遥控阀Remote control valve536要求的位置required position537液压换挡装置hydraulic shuttle unit538液压制动电磁阀Hydraulic braking solenoid valve 539液压制动电磁阀Hydraulic braking solenoid valve 540液压制动器电磁阀Hydraulic braking solenoid541液压制动器电磁阀线路hydraulic braking solenoid valve 542液压制动器线路hydraulic braking wiring543一般安全规则General safety rules544一般系统错误Generic system error545仪表板Instrument panel546仪表板系统(w/空气制动器) Instrument panel system (w/ air 547仪表板系统雷达Instrument panel system radar 548仪器Instrument549仪器Instrument550仪器Instrument551以%表示expressed in %552异常irregular behaviourSAME DEUTZ-FAHR ITALIA S.p.A. 553意大利S.p.A. 赛迈道依茨-法尔集团554阴极板系统Negatives system555油位传感器Fuel level sensor556油温Oil temperature557油温Oil temperatureRH ‘Down’ control - rear lift 558右侧‘下放’控制器-后升降机‘下降559右侧侧灯RH sidelight560右侧测压元件牵引力传感器RH load cell draft sensor561右侧测压元件牵引力传感器RH load cell draft sensor562右侧刹车灯RH brake light563右侧刹车灯RH brake light564右侧车头灯RH headlight565右侧风扇RH fan566右侧风扇电阻器RH fan resistor567右侧风扇电阻器RH fan resistor568右侧后工作灯RH rear worklight569右侧后工作灯RH rear worklight570右侧后视镜和上部前工作灯RH rearview mirror and upper fro 571右侧后线路RH rear wiring572右侧后线路RH rear wiring573右侧后线路 RH rear wiring574右侧上部前工作灯RH upper front worklight575右侧上部前工作灯RH upper front worklight576右侧扬声器RH loudspeaker577右侧扬声器RH loudspeaker578右侧制动控制器开关RH brakes control switch579右侧制动器线路RH brakes wiring580右侧制动器线路RH brakes wiring581右手侧吃力传感器RH draft sensor582元件滑动unit slipping583允许范围permissible range584允许值permissible values585运输范围电磁阀Transport range solenoid valve 586运输量程范围Transport range587载重Load588暂时未被激活TEMPORARILY NOT ACTI-VATED589暂停timeout590增加数值 increase the value591占空度Duty cycle592障碍物obstacles593真空传感器Clogging sensor594诊断插座Diagnostics socket595诊断装置Diagnostics596正常运转functions correctly597正极接线柱Positive terminal598正前方向straight-ahead position599正确的制动力 correct braking force600正确转速correct rpm601正向驱动压力开关Forward drive pressure switch 602正向驱动压力开关Reverse drive pressure switch 603直接传感器故障direct sensor fault604指针cursor605制动过程braking procedure606制动控制电缆 brake control cable607制动盘brake discs608制动器电炉二极管Brakes circuit diodes609制动器电炉二极管Brakes circuit diodes610制动器电炉二极管Brakes circuit diodes611制动器电炉二极管Brakes circuit diodes612制动器磨损brake wear613制动器液压力显示器Brakes hydraulic pressure displa 614制动器液压力显示器Brakes hydraulic pressure displa 615中档(MR)离合器电磁阀Medium Range (MR) clutch solenoi 616中档(MR)离合器电磁阀Medium Range (MR) clutch solenoi 617中央屏幕central display618重复校准Repeat calibration619重新设定reset620重要信息IMPORTANT621重置 reset622主菜单main menu623主压力SW Main pressure SW624主要信号 key signal625转向角度值steering angle value626自动程序automatic procedure627自动减速AutoDrop628组合式变速器输入速度传感器Range box input speed sensor629组合式变速器输入速度传感器Range box input speed sensor630组合式变速器输入速度传感器Range box input speed sensor631最大高度maximum height632最大位置maximum position633最大制动力maximum braking force634最小模式MIX mode635最小位置minimum positionLH ‘Up’ - rear lift ‘raise’ 636左侧‘吊升’-后升降机‘上升’控制637左侧测压元件牵引力传感器LH load cell draft sensor638左侧刹车灯LH brake light639左侧刹车灯LH brake light640左侧车前灯LH headlight641左侧车前灯LH headlight642左侧风扇LH fan643左侧风扇电阻器LH fan resistor644左侧风扇电阻器LH fan resistor645左侧后车灯线路RH rear lights wiring646左侧后车灯线路LH rear lights wiring647左侧后工作灯LH rear worklight648左侧后工作灯LH rear worklight649左侧上部前工作灯LH upper front worklight650左侧上部前工作灯LH upper front worklight651左侧上部前工作灯和后视镜LH upper front worklight and rea 652左侧扬声器LH loudspeaker653左侧制动控制器开关Left brake control switch654左侧制动控制器开关Left brake control switch655左侧制动器线路LH brakes wiring656左手侧吃力传感器LH draft sensor657座位Seat658座位传感器Seat sensor 659座位传感器Seat sensorpnFrom LEVEL牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1牵引车术语__中英对照1。
液压专业单词流体传动hydraulic power /[haɪˈdrɔ:lɪk ˈpauə]液压技术hydraulics / [haɪˈdrɔ:lɪks]液力技术hydrodynamics / ['haɪdrəʊ daɪ'næmɪks]气液技术hydro pneumatics /[haɪdrəʊ nju:'mætɪks]运行工况operating conditions /['ɒpəreɪtɪŋkən'dɪʃnz]额定工况rated conditions / ['reɪtɪd kən'dɪʃnz]极限工况limited conditions / [ˈlimitid kən'dɪʃnz]瞬态工况instantaneous conditions / [ˈɪnstənˈteɪniəs kən'dɪʃnz]稳态工况steady-state conditions / [s'tedi:st'eɪt kən'dɪʃnz]许用工况acceptable conditions /[əkˈseptəbl kən'dɪʃnz]连续工况continuous working conditions / [kənˈtɪnjuəs] ['wɜ:kɪŋ] [kən'dɪʃnz]实际工况actual conditions /[ˈæktʃuəl]效率efficiency /[ɪ'fɪʃnsɪ]旋转方向direction of rotation / [diˈrekʃən ɔv rəʊˈteɪʃən]公称压力nominal pressure /[ˈnɔminəl ˈpreʃə]工作压力working pressure进口压力inlet pressure / ['ɪnlet]出口压力outlet pressure / ['aʊtlet]压降pressure drop / [drɒp] differential pressure / [ˈdɪfəˈrenʃl]背压back pressure启动压力breakout pressure充油压力charge pressure /[tʃɑ:dʒ]开启压力cracking pressure / [ˈkrækɪŋ]峰值压力peak pressure / [pi:k ˈpreʃə]运行压力operating pressure / ['ɒpəreɪtɪŋ]耐压试验压力proof pressure / [pru:f]冲击压力surge pressure / [sɜ:dʒ]静压力static pressure / ['stætɪk]系统压力system pressure控制压力pilot pressure / ['paɪlət]充气压力pre-charge pressure / [ˈpri:'tʃɑ:dʒ]吸入压力suction pressure / ['sʌkʃn]调压偏差override pressure / [ˈəʊvə'raɪd]额定压力rated pressure / ['reɪtɪd]耗气量air consumption / [kənˈsʌmpʃn]泄漏leakage / [ˈli:kɪdʒ]内泄漏internal leakage / [inˈtə:nəl]外泄漏external leakage / [eksˈtə:nl]层流laminar flow / [ˈlæminəfləu]紊流turbulent flow / [ˈtɜ:bjələnt]气穴cavitation / [ˈkævɪ'teɪʃən]流量flow rate / [fləu reit]额定流量rated flow /[ˈreitid fləu]排量displacement / [dɪsˈpleɪsmənt]供给流量supply flow / [sə'plaɪ]流量系数flower factor / ['fæktə(r)]滞环hysteresis / [ˈhɪstə'ri:sɪs]图形符号graphical symbol / [ˈgræfɪkl] ['sɪmbl]液压气动元件图形符号symbols for hydraulic and pneumatic components / [kəmˈpəʊnənt]流体逻辑元件图形符号symbols for fluid logic devices / ['flu:ɪd] ['lɒdʒɪk] [dɪ'vaɪsɪz]逻辑功能图形符号symbols for logic functions /['fʌnkʃənz]回路图circuit diagram / [ˈsə:kit ˈdaiəɡræm]压力-时间图pressure time diagram功能图function diagram循环circle / ['sɜ:kl]自动循环automatic cycle / [ˈɔ:tə'mætɪk]工作循环working cycle / ['saɪkl]循环速度cycling speed / ['saɪklɪŋ]工步phase / [feɪz]停止工步dwell phase / [dwel]工作工步working phase快进工步rapid advance phase / ['ræpɪd] [əd'vɑ:ns]快退工步rapid return phase / [rɪ'tɜ:n]频率响应frequency response / ['fri:kwənsɪ] [riˈspɔns]重复性repeat ability / [rɪ'pi:t] [ə'bɪlətɪ]复现性reproducibility / [rɪprədju:sə'bɪlɪtɪ]漂移drift / [drɪft]波动ripple / ['rɪpl]线性度linearity / [ˈlɪnɪ'ærətɪ]线性区linear region / [ˈlɪniə(r)] ['ri:dʒən]液压锁紧hydraulic lock / [haɪ'drɔ:lɪk]液压卡紧sticking / ['stɪkɪŋ]变量泵variable displacement pump / [ˈveəriəbl] [dɪsˈpleɪsmənt] [pʌmp]泵的控制control of pump / [kən'trəʊl] [əv]齿轮泵gear pump / [ɡɪə(r)]叶片泵vane pump / [veɪn]柱塞泵piston pump / ['pɪstən]轴向柱塞泵axial piston pump / [ˈæksiəl]法兰安装flange mounting / [flændʒ] [ˈmaʊntɪŋ]底座安装foot mounting / [fʊt]液压马达hydraulic motor / [haɪ'drɔ:lɪk] [ˈməʊtə(r)]零位zero position / ['zɪərəʊ] [pəˈzɪʃn]自由位free position / [fri:]缸cylinder / ['sɪlɪndə(r)]有杆端rod end / [rɒd] [end]无杆端rear end / [rɪə(r)]外伸行程extend stroke / [ɪk'stend] [strəʊk]内缩行程retract stroke / [rɪ'trækt]缓冲cushioning / ['kʊʃənɪŋ]工作行程working stroke负载压力induced pressure / [ɪnd'ju:st]输出力force / [fɔ:s]实际输出力actual force / [ˈæktʃuəl]单作用缸single-acting cylinder / ['sɪŋɡl] [ˈæktɪŋ]['sɪlɪndə(r)]双作用缸double-acting cylinder / ['dʌbl]差动缸differential cylinder / [ˈdɪfəˈrenʃl]伸缩缸telescopic cylinder / [ˈtelɪˈskɒpɪk]阀valve / [vælv]底板sub-plate / [sʌb] [pleɪt]油路块manifold block / ['mænɪfəʊld]板式阀sub-plate valve叠加阀sandwich valve / ['sænwɪtʃ]插装阀cartridge valve / [ˈkɑ:trɪdʒ]滑阀slide valve / [slaɪd]锥阀poppet valve / [ˈpɒpɪt]阀芯valve element / ['elɪmənt]阀芯位置valve element position / [pəˈzɪʃn]单向阀check valve / [tʃek]液控单向阀pilot-controlled check valve / ['paɪlət] [kənˈtrəʊld]梭阀shuttle valve / ['ʃʌtl]压力控制阀pressure relief valve / [rɪˈli:f]溢流阀pressure relief valve顺序阀sequence valve / ['si:kwəns]减压阀pressure reducing valve / [rɪ'dju:sɪŋ]平衡阀counterbalance valve / [ˈkaʊntə'bæləns]卸荷阀unloading valve / ['ʌn'ləʊdɪŋ]直动式directly operated type / [diˈrektli] ['ɒpəreɪtɪd] [taɪp]先导式pilot-operated type机械控制式mechanically controlled type / [mə'kænɪklɪ] [kənˈtrəʊld]手动式manually operated type / ['mænjʊəlɪ]液控式hydraulic controlled type流量控制阀flow control valve / [fləʊ]固定节流阀fixed restrictive valve / [fɪkst] [rɪ'strɪktɪv]可调节流阀adjustable restrictive valve / [əˈdʒʌstəbl]单向节流阀one-way restrictive valve / [wʌn] [weɪ]调速阀speed regulator valve / [spi:d] [ˈregjuleɪtə(r)]分流阀flow divider valve / [fləʊ] [dɪˈvaɪdə(r)]集流阀flow-combining valve / [kəm'baɪnɪŋ]截止阀shut-off valve / ['ʃʌt' ɔ:f]球阀global(ball) valve / [ˈɡləubəl]针阀needle valve / ['ni:dl]闸阀gate valve / [ɡeɪt]膜片阀diaphragm valve / [ˈdaɪəfræm]蝶阀butterfly valve / ['bʌtəflaɪ]噪声等级noise level / [nɔɪz] ['levl]放大器amplifier / [ˈæmplɪfaɪə(r)]模拟放大器analogue amplifier / [ˈænəlɒg]数字放大器digital amplifier / [ˈdɪdʒɪtl]传感器sensor / ['sensə(r)]阈值threshold /['θreʃhəʊld] 临界值伺服阀servo-valve / ['sɜ:vəʊ]四通阀four-way valve喷嘴挡板nozzle flapper / [ˈnɔzəl] [ˈflæpə(r)]液压放大器hydraulic amplifier / [ˈæmplɪfaɪə(r)]颤振dither / ['dɪðə(r)]阀极性valve polarity / [pə'lærətɪ]流量增益flow gain / [ɡeɪn]对称度symmetry / ['sɪmətrɪ]流量极限flow limit / ['lɪmɪt]零位内泄漏null(quiescent) leakage / [nʌl] [kwiˈesnt][ˈli:kɪdʒ]遮盖lap / [læp]零遮盖zero lap / ['zɪərəʊ]正遮盖over lap / ['əʊvə(r)]负遮盖under lap / [ˈʌndə(r)]开口opening / ['əʊpnɪŋ]零偏null bias / [nʌl] ['baɪəs]零漂null drift / [drɪft]阀压降valve pressure drop /[drɒp]分辨率resolution / [ˈrezə'lu:ʃn]频率响应frequency response / ['fri:kwənsɪ] [riˈspɔns]幅值比amplitude ratio / [ˈæmplɪtju:d] ['reɪʃɪəʊ]相位移phase lag / [feɪz] [læɡ]传递函数transfer function / [træns'fɜ:(r)] ['fʌŋkʃn]管路flow line / [fləʊ] [laɪn]硬管rigid tube / [ˈrɪdʒɪd] [tju:b]软管flexible hose / [ˈfleksəbl] [həʊz]工作管路working line回油管路return line补液管路replenishing line / [rɪ'plɛnɪʃ]控制管路pilot line / ['paɪlət]泄油管路drain line / [dreɪn]放气管路bleed line / [bli:d]接头fitting;connection / ['fɪtɪŋ][kəˈnekʃn]焊接式接头welded fitting / ['weldɪd]扩口式接头flared fitting / [flɛəd] ['fɪtɪŋ]快换接头quick release coupling / [kwɪk] [rɪ'li:s] [ˈkʌplɪŋ]法兰接头flange connection / [flændʒ] [kəˈnekʃn]弯头elbow / ['elbəʊ]异径接头reducer fitting / [rɪ'dju:sə]流道flow pass / [pɑ:s]油口port /[pɔ:t]闭式油箱sealed reservoir / [si:ld] ['rezəvwɑ:(r)]油箱容量reservoir fluid capacity / ['flu:ɪd] [kə'pæsətɪ]气囊式蓄能器bladder accumulator / [ˈblædə(r)] [əˈkju:mjəleɪtə(r)]空气污染air contamination / [eə(r)][kənˈtæmɪ'neɪʃən]固体颗粒污染solid contamination / ['sɒlɪd]液体污染liquid contamination / [ˈlɪkwɪd]空气过滤器air filter / ['fɪltə(r)]油雾气lubricator / ['lu:brɪkeɪtə]热交换器heat exchanger / [hi:t] [ɪks'tʃeɪndʒə]冷却器cooler / [ˈku:lə(r)]加热器heater / ['hi:tə(r)]温度控制器thermostat / [ˈθɜ:məstæt]消声器silencer / [ˈsaɪlənsə(r)]双筒过滤器duplex filter / ['dju:pleks] ['fɪltə(r)]过滤器压降filter pressure drop有效过滤面积effective filtration area / [ɪˈfektɪv] [fɪlˈtreɪʃn] ['eərɪə]公称过滤精度nominal filtration rating / [ˈnɒmɪnl] [fɪlˈtreɪʃn] [ˈreɪtɪŋ]压溃压力collapse pressure / [kə'læps]填料密封packing seal / [ˈpækɪŋ][si:l]机械密封mechanical seal / [məˈkænɪkl]径向密封radial seal / [ˈreɪdiəl]旋转密封rotary seal / ['rəʊtərɪ]活塞密封piston seal / ['pɪstən]活塞杆密封rod seal / [rɒd]防尘圈密封wiper seal;scraper / [ˈwaɪpə(r)] [ˈskreɪpə(r)]组合垫圈bonded washer / ['bɒndɪd] ['wɒʃə(r)]复合密封件composite seal / ['kɒmpəzɪt]弹性密封件elastomer seal / [ɪˈlæstəmə(r)]丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber;NBR / ['naɪtrɪl] [ˈbju:tə'dɑɪi:n] ['rʌbə(r)]聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethene;PTFE / ['pɔli] ['tetrə] ['flu:ə] [ˈeθi:n]优先控制override control / [ˈəʊvə'raɪd]压力表pressure gauge / [ɡeɪdʒ]压力传感器electrical pressure transducer / [ɪˈlektrɪkl] [trænz'dju:sə(r)]压差计differential pressure instrument / [ˈdɪfəˈrenʃl] ['ɪnstrəmənt]液位计liquid level measuring instrument / [ˈlɪkwɪd] ['meʒərɪŋ]流量计flow meter / [fləʊ] ['mi:tə(r)]压力开关pressure switch / [swɪtʃ]脉冲发生器pulse generator / [pʌls] [ˈdʒenəreɪtə(r)]液压泵站power station / ['steɪʃn]空气处理单元air conditioner unit / [kənˈdɪʃənə(r)] ['ju:nɪt]压力控制回路pressure control circuit / ['sɜ:kɪt]安全回路safety circuit / ['seɪftɪ] ['sɜ:kɪt]差动回路differential circuit / [ˈdɪfə'renʃɪə]调速回路flow control circuit / [fləʊ]进口节流回路meter-in circuit / ['mi:tə(r)]出口节流回路meter-out circuit同步回路synchronizing circuit / ['sɪŋkrənaɪzɪŋ]开式回路open circuit闭式回路closed circuit管路布置pipe-work管卡clamper / ['klæmpə]联轴器drive shaft coupling / [draɪv] [ʃɑ:ft] [ˈkʌplɪŋ]操作台control console /[kən'səʊl]控制屏control panel / ['pænl]避震喉compensator / ['kɒmpenseɪtə]粘度viscosity / [vɪ'skɒsətɪ]运动粘度kinematic viscosity / [ˈkɪnɪ'mætɪk] [vɪ'skɒsətɪ]密度density / ['densətɪ]含水量water content / ['kɒntent]闪点flash point / [flæʃ] [pɔɪnt]防锈性rust protection / [rʌst] [prə'tekʃn]抗腐蚀性anti-corrosive quality / ['æntɪ]--[kəˈrəʊsɪv] ['kwɒlətɪ]便携式颗粒检测仪portable particle counter / [ˈpɔ:təbl] [ˈpɑ:tɪkl] ['kaʊntə(r)]电磁阀Solenoid valve / [ˈsɒlənɔɪd] [vælv]单向阀Check valve / [tʃek]插装阀Cartridge valve / [ˈkɑ:trɪdʒ]叠加阀Sandwich plate valve / [ˈsænwitʃ,-dʒ] [pleɪt]先导阀Pilot valve / ['paɪlət]液控单向阀Pilot operated check valve板式安装Sub-plate mount / [maʊnt]集成块Manifold block / [mɑ:ni] [fəʊld]压力溢流阀Pressure relief valve / [rɪˈli:f]流量阀Flow valve / [fləʊ]节流阀Throttle valve / ['θrɒtl]双单向节流阀Double throttle check valve旋钮Rotary knob / ['rəʊtərɪ] [nɒb]节流板Rectifier plate / ['rektɪfaɪə]伺服阀Servo valve / ['sɜ:vəʊ]比例阀Proportional valve / [prəˈpɔ:ʃənl]位置反馈Position feedback / [pəˈzɪʃn] [ˈfi:dbæk]渐增流量Progressive flow / [prəˈgresɪv]电磁铁释放De-energizing of solenoid / ['enədʒaɪzɪŋ][ˈsɒlənɔɪd]二、介质类磷酸甘油酯Phosphate ester (HFD-R) / [ˈfɒsfeɪt] est水-乙二醇Water-glycol (HFC) / ['glaɪkɒl]乳化液Emulsion / [ɪˈmʌlʃn]缓蚀剂Inhibitor / [ɪnˈhɪbɪtə(r)]合成油Synthetic lubricating oil / [sɪnˈθetɪk] ['lu:brɪkeɪtɪŋ]三、液压安装工程污染Contamination / [kənˈtæmɪ'neɪʃən]灌浆Grout / [ɡraʊt]失效Failure / [ˈfeɪljə(r)]点动Jog / [dʒɒɡ]爬行Creep / [kri:p]摩擦Abrasion / [ə'breɪʒn](活塞杆)伸出Retract / [rɪ'trækt](活塞杆)缩回Extension / [ɪk'stenʃn]误动作Malfunction / [ˈmæl'fʌŋkʃn]酸洗Pickling / ['pɪklɪŋ]冲洗Flushing / [flʌʃɪŋ]槽式酸洗Dipping process / ['dɪpɪŋ][prə'ses]循环Re-circulation / [ˈsɜ:kjəˈleɪʃn]钝化Passivity / [pæˈsɪvəti]柠檬酸Nitric acid / ['naɪtrɪk] ['æsɪd]氩气Argon / ['ɑ:ɡɒn]对接焊Butt welding / [ bʌt] [weldɪŋ]套管焊Socket welding / ['sɒkɪt]惰性气体焊Inert gas welding / [ɪnˈə:t]四、管接头卡套式管接头Bite type fittings / [baɪt] [taɪp] ['fɪtɪŋs]接管接头Tube to tube fittings / [tju:b]直通接管接头union / ['ju:nɪən]直角管接头union elbow / ['elbəʊ]三通管接头union tee / [ti:]四通管接头union cross / [krɒs]端直通管接头Mal stud fittings / [mɑ:l][stʌd]长直通管接头Bulkhead fittings /[ˈbʌlkhed]焊接式管接头Weld fittings接头螺母Female connector fittings / ['fi:meɪl] [kəˈnektə(r)] ['fɪtɪŋs]变径管接头Reducers extenders / [rɪd'ju:səz] [ɪks'tendəz]铰接式管接头Banjo fittings / ['bændʒəʊ]旋转接头Adjustable fittings/ swivel nut / [əˈdʒʌstəbl] ['swɪvl]五、伺服阀及伺服系统性能参数动态频响Dynamic response / [daɪˈnæmɪk] [riˈspɔns]直动式伺服阀DDV-direct drive valve美国流体控制学会NFPA-National Fluid Power Association/['næʃnəl]['flu:ɪd] [ˈpauə] [əˈsəuʃiˈei ʃən]相位滞后Phase lag /[feɪz] [læɡ]喷嘴挡板阀Nozzle flapper valve / [ˈnɔzəl] [ˈflæpə(r)]射流管阀Servo-jet pilot valve / ['sɜ:vəʊ]颤振电流Dither / ['dɪðə(r)]线圈阻抗Coil impedance / [kɔɪl] [ɪmˈpi:dns]流量饱和Flow saturation / [ˈsætʃə'reɪʃn]线形度Linearity / [ˈlɪnɪ'ærətɪ]对称性Symmetry /['sɪmətrɪ]滞环Hysterics / [hɪˈsterɪks]灵敏度Threshold / ['θreʃhəʊld]滞后Lap / [læp]压力增益Pressure gain /[ɡeɪn]零位Null / [nʌl]零偏Null bias / ['baɪəs]零飘Null shift / [ʃɪft]频率响应Frequency response / ['fri:kwənsɪ] [riˈspɔns]曲线斜坡Slope / [sləʊp]液压系统hydraulic system执行元件actuator / ['æktʃʊeɪtə]液压缸cylinder / ['sɪlɪndə(r)]液压马达motor / [ˈməʊtə(r)]液压回路circuit / ['sɜ:kɪt]压力控制回路pressure control流量(速度)控制回路speed control方向控制回路directional valve control / [dəˈrekʃənl]安全回路security control / [sɪ'kjʊərətɪ]定位回路position control / [pəˈzɪʃn]同步回路synchronise circuit / ['sɪŋkrənaɪz]顺序动作回路sequent circuit / ['si:kwənt]液压泵pump阀valve压力控制阀pressure valve流量控制阀flow valve方向控制阀directional valve液压辅件accessory / [ækˈsesəri]普通阀common valve插装阀cartridge valve /[ˈkɑ:trɪdʒ]叠加阀superimposed valve / [sju:pərɪm'pəʊzd]。
液压专业英语词汇流体传动 hydraulic power液压技术 hydraulics液力技术 hydrodynamics气液技术 hydropneumatics运行工况 operating conditions额定工况 rated conditions极限工况 limited conditions瞬态工况 instantaneous conditions稳态工况 steady-state conditions许用工况 acceptable conditions连续工况 continuous working conditions实际工况 actual conditions效率 efficiency旋转方向 direction of rotation公称压力 nominal pressure工作压力 working pressure进口压力 inlet pressure出口压力 outlet pressure压降 pressure drop;differential pressure背压 back pressure启动压力 breakout pressure充油压力 charge pressure开启压力 cracking pressure峰值压力 peak pressure运行压力 operating pressure耐压试验压力 proof pressure冲击压力 surge pressure静压力 static pressure系统压力 system pressure控制压力 pilot pressure充气压力 pre-charge pressure吸入压力 suction pressure调压偏差 override pressure额定压力 rated pressure耗气量 air consumption泄漏 leakage内泄漏 internal leakage外泄漏 external leakage层流 laminar flow紊流 turbulent flow气穴 cavitation流量 flow rate排量 displacement额定流量 rated flow供给流量 supply flow流量系数 flower factor滞环 hysteresis图形符号 graphical symbol液压气动元件图形符号 symbols for hydraulic and pneumatic components 流体逻辑元件图形符号 symbols for fluid logic devices逻辑功能图形符号 symbols for logic functions回路图 circuit diagram压力-时间图 pressure time diagram 功能图 function diagram循环 circle自动循环 automatic cycle工作循环 working cycle循环速度 cycling speed工步 phase停止工步 dwell phase工作工步 working phase快进工步 rapid advance phase快退工步 rapid return phase频率响应 frequency response重复性 repeat ability复现性 reproducibility漂移 drift波动 ripple线性度 linearity线性区 linear region液压锁紧 hydraulic lock液压卡紧 sticking变量泵 variable displacement pump 泵的控制 control of pump齿轮泵 gear pump叶片泵 vane pump柱塞泵 piston pump轴向柱塞泵 axial piston pump法兰安装 flange mounting底座安装 foot mounting液压马达 hydraulic motor刚度 stiffness中位 neutral position零位 zero position自由位 free position缸 cylinder有杆端 rod end无杆端 rear end外伸行程 extend stroke内缩行程 retract stroke缓冲 cushioning工作行程 working stroke负载压力 induced pressure输出力 force实际输出力 actual force单作用缸 single-acting cylinder双作用缸 double-acting cylinder差动缸 differential cylinder伸缩缸 telescopic cylinder阀 valve底板 sub-plate油路块 manifold block板式阀 sub-plate valve叠加阀 sandwich valve插装阀 cartridge valve滑阀 slide valve锥阀 poppet valve阀芯 valve element阀芯位置 valve element position单向阀 check valve液控单向阀 pilot-controlled check valve梭阀 shuttle valve压力控制阀 pressure relief valve溢流阀 pressure relief valve顺序阀 sequence valve减压阀 pressure reducing valve平衡阀 counterbalance valve卸荷阀 unloading valve直动式 directly operated type先导式 pilot-operated type机械控制式 mechanically controlled type 手动式 manually operated type液控式 hydraulic controlled type流量控制阀 flow control valve固定节流阀 fixed restrictive valve可调节流阀 adjustable restrictive valve 单向节流阀 one-way restrictive valve 调速阀 speed regulator valve分流阀 flow divider valve集流阀 flow-combining valve截止阀 shut-off valve球阀 global(ball) valve针阀 needle valve闸阀 gate valve膜片阀 diaphragm valve蝶阀 butterfly valve噪声等级noise level放大器 amplifier模拟放大器 analogue amplifier数字放大器 digital amplifier传感器 sensor阈值 threshold伺服阀 servo-valve四通阀 four-way valve喷嘴挡板 nozzle flapper液压放大器 hydraulic amplifier颤振 dither阀极性 valve polarity流量增益 flow gain对称度 symmetry流量极限 flow limit零位内泄漏 null(quiescent) leakage遮盖 lap零遮盖 zero lap正遮盖 over lap负遮盖 under lap开口 opening零偏 null bias零漂 null drift阀压降 valve pressure drop分辨率 resolution频率响应 frequency response幅值比 amplitude ratio相位移 phase lag传递函数 transfer function管路 flow line硬管 rigid tube软管 flexible hose工作管路 working line回油管路 return line补液管路 replenishing line控制管路 pilot line泄油管路 drain line放气管路 bleed line接头 fitting;connection焊接式接头 welded fitting扩口式接头 flared fitting快换接头 quick release coupling 法兰接头 flange connection弯头 elbow异径接头 reducer fitting流道 flow pass油口 port闭式油箱 sealed reservoir 油箱容量 reservoir fluid capacity 气囊式蓄能器bladder accumulator 空气污染 air contamination固体颗粒污染 solid contamination液体污染 liquid contamination空气过滤器 air filter油雾气 lubricator热交换器 heat exchanger冷却器 cooler加热器 heater温度控制器 thermostat消声器 silencer双筒过滤器 duplex filter过滤器压降 filter pressure drop有效过滤面积 effective filtration area 公称过滤精度 nominal filtration rating 压溃压力 collapse pressure填料密封 packing seal机械密封 mechanical seal径向密封 radial seal旋转密封 rotary seal活塞密封 piston seal活塞杆密封 rod seal防尘圈密封 wiper seal;scraper 组合垫圈 bonded washer复合密封件 composite seal弹性密封件 elastomer seal丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber;NBR 聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethene;PTFE 优先控制 override control压力表 pressure gauge压力传感器 electrical pressure transducer 压差计 differential pressure instrument 液位计 liquid level measuring instrument流量计 flow meter压力开关 pressure switch脉冲发生器 pulse generator液压泵站 power station空气处理单元 air conditioner unit压力控制回路 pressure control circuit安全回路 safety circuit差动回路 differential circuit调速回路 flow control circuit进口节流回路 meter-in circuit出口节流回路 meter-out circuit同步回路 synchronizing circuit开式回路 open circuit闭式回路 closed circuit管路布置 pipe-work管卡 clamper联轴器 drive shaft coupling操作台 control console控制屏 control panel避震喉 compensator粘度 viscosity运动粘度 kinematic viscosity密度 density含水量 water content闪点 flash point防锈性 rust protection抗腐蚀性 anti-corrosive quality便携式颗粒检测仪 portable particle counterSolenoid valve 电磁阀Check valve 单向阀Cartridge valve 插装阀Sandwich plate valve 叠加阀Pilot valve 先导阀Pilot operated check valve 液控单向阀Sub-plate mount 板式安装Manifold block 集成块Pressure relief valve 压力溢流阀Flow valve 流量阀Throttle valve 节流阀Double throttle check valve 双单向节流阀Rotary knob 旋钮Rectifier plate 节流板Servo valve 伺服阀Proportional valve 比例阀Position feedback 位置反馈Progressive flow 渐增流量De-energizing of solenoid 电磁铁释放二、介质类Phosphate ester (HFD-R) 磷酸甘油酯Water-glycol (HFC) 水-乙二醇Emulsion 乳化液Inhibitor缓蚀剂Synthetic lubricating oil 合成油三、液压安装工程Contamination 污染Grout 灌浆Failure 失效Jog 点动Creep爬行Abrasion 摩擦Retract(活塞杆)伸出Extension (活塞杆)缩回Malfunction 误动作Pickling 酸洗Flushing 冲洗Dipping process 槽式酸洗Re-circulation 循环Passivity 钝化Nitric acid 柠檬酸Argon 氩气Butt welding 对接焊Socket welding 套管焊Inert gas welding 惰性气体焊四、管接头Bite type fittings 卡套式管接头Tube to tube fittings 接管接头union 直通接管接头union elbow 直角管接头union tee 三通管接头union cross 四通管接头Mal stud fittings 端直通管接头Bulkhead fittings 长直通管接头Weld fittings 焊接式管接头Female connector fittings 接头螺母Reducers extenders 变径管接头Banjo fittings 铰接式管接头Adjustable fittings/swivel nut 旋转接头五、伺服阀及伺服系统性能参数Dynamic response 动态频响DDV-direct drive valve 直动式伺服阀NFPA-National Fluid Power Association 美国流体控制学会Phase lag 相位滞后Nozzle flapper valve 喷嘴挡板阀Servo-jet pilot valve 射流管阀Dither 颤振电流Coil impedance 线圈阻抗Flow saturation 流量饱和Linearity 线形度Symmetry 对称性Hysterics 滞环Threshold 灵敏度Lap 滞后Pressure gain 压力增益Null 零位Null bias 零偏Null shift 零飘Frequency response 频率响应Slope 曲线斜坡液压系统(hydraulic system)执行元件(actuator)液压缸(cylinder)液压马达(motor)液压回路(circuit)压力控制回路(pressure control)流量(速度)控制回路(speed control)方向控制回路(directional valve control)安全回路(security control)定位回路(position control)同步回路(synchronise circuit)顺序动作回路(sequeunt circuit)液压泵(pump)阀(valve)压力控制阀(pressure valve)、流量控制阀(flow valve)方向控制阀(directional valve)液压辅件(accessory)普通阀(common valve)插装阀(cartridge valve)叠加阀(superimposed valve补充:一、阀类Solenoid valve 电磁阀Check valve 单向阀Cartridge valve 插装阀Sandwich plate valve 叠加阀Pilot valve 先导阀Pilot operated check valve 液控单向阀Sub-plate mount 板式安装Manifold block 集成块Pressure relief valve 压力溢流阀Flow valve 流量阀Throttle valve 节流阀Double throttle check valve 双单向节流阀Rotary knob 旋钮Rectifier plate 节流板Servo valve 伺服阀Proportional valve 比例阀Position feedback 位置反馈Progressive flow 渐增流量De-energizing of solenoid 电磁铁释放二、介质类Phosphate ester (HFD-R) 磷酸甘油酯Water-glycol (HFC) 水-乙二醇Emulsion 乳化液Inhibitor缓蚀剂Synthetic lubricating oil 合成油三、液压安装工程Contamination 污染Grout 灌浆Failure 失效Jog 点动Creep爬行Abrasion 摩擦Retract(活塞杆)伸出Extension (活塞杆)缩回Malfunction 误动作Pickling 酸洗Flushing 冲洗Dipping process 槽式酸洗Re-circulation 循环Passivity 钝化Nitric acid 柠檬酸Argon 氩气Butt welding 对接焊Socket welding 套管焊Inert gas welding 惰性气体焊四、管接头Bite type fittings 卡套式管接头Tube to tube fittings 接管接头union 直通接管接头union elbow 直角管接头union tee 三通管接头union cross 四通管接头Mal stud fittings 端直通管接头Bulkhead fittings 长直通管接头Weld fittings 焊接式管接头Female connector fittings 接头螺母Reducers extenders 变径管接头Banjo fittings 铰接式管接头Adjustable fittings/swivel nut 旋转接头五、伺服阀及伺服系统性能参数Dynamic response 动态频响DDV-direct drive valve 直动式伺服阀NFPA-National Fluid Power Association 美国流体控制学会Phase lag 相位滞后Nozzle flapper valve 喷嘴挡板阀Servo-jet pilot valve 射流管阀Dither 颤振电流Coil impedance 线圈阻抗Flow saturation 流量饱和Linearity 线形度Symmetry 对称性Hysterics 滞环Threshold 灵敏度Lap 滞后Pressure gain 压力增益Null 零位Null bias 零偏Null shift 零飘Frequency response 频率响应Slope 曲线斜坡。
序号英文全称缩写中文全称A1AC Gun工频焊钳2Accuracy /ˈækjurəsi/精度3acquisition of signal信号采集4aging /ˈeidʒiŋ/时效处理5air压缩空气6air hoist /hɔist /气动葫芦7air pipe气管8air pressure regulator-filter空气过滤减压阀9air spanner气动扳手10alternator /ˈɔːltəneitə/交流发电机11alternator bracket发电机支架12anneal /əˈniːl/退火13Anti-lock Brake System ABS防抱死刹车系统14Arc Welding弧焊15Arm电极臂16assembly drawing装配图17asynchronous /eiˋsiŋkrənəs/ motor异步电动机18ATC自动换枪装置19Auto Gun自动焊钳20automatic feed自动喂料21automatic mechanical transmission AMT自动换档机械式变速器22automatic transmission /trænzˈmiʃən/AT自动变速箱B23ball bearing球轴承24bar /bɑː/棒材25Bearing轴承26belt皮带27billet /ˈbilit /方钢28black oxide coating发黑/发蓝29blank /blæŋk/坯料,半成品30Blanking /ˈblæŋkiŋ/下料31Body In White BIW白车身32BODY INSPECTION FIXTURE车身综合检具33body respot line车身补焊线34Body Shop车身车间35boring/ˈbɔ:riŋ/镗削36breaker /ˈbreikə/断电器37Brittleness脆性38BURR /bɜː/毛刺C39C Type Welding Gun C型焊枪40calibration /ˌkæliˈbreiʆən/校准41capacity /kəˈpæsiti/容量,规格42carbon-dioxide arc welding; CO2arc welding二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊43case hardening表面硬化44casting铸造45catalog /ˈkætəlɒg/库46centering table 对中台47chain 链条48chain gear链轮49chamfer倒角50chromium /ˈkrəʊmiəm/铬51chuck吸盘52clamping force夹紧力53clearance fit间隙配合54commission /kəˈmiʆən/现场调试55Computer Aided Design CAD计算机辅助设计56Computer Aided Process Planning CAPP计算机辅助工艺过程57Computer Numerical Control CNC计算机数控加工58Concurrent /kənˈkʌrənt/EngineeringCE并行工程59configuration /kənˌfigəˈreiʆən/组态60control cabinet /ˈkæbinit/控制柜61control panel控制屏,控制盘62control system操纵系统63converter /kənˈvɜːtə/变频器64conveyor /kənˈveɪə/输送机65conveyor belt皮带机66cooperation/kəuˌɔpəˈreiʃən/合作67coordinate frame of car车身坐标系68corrosion/kəˈrəʊʒən/腐蚀69cotter /ˈkɔtə(r)/开口销70counter weight配重71crack /kræk/裂纹72current gauge电流测试仪73cycle time节拍74cylinder /ˈsilində/气缸D75damped glue膨胀减振胶76data acquisition /ækwiˈziʃ(ə)n/数据采集77data preprocessing数据预处理78data processing数据处理79data processor数据处理器80debug程序调试81debur去毛刺82definition /ˌdefiˈniʆən/定义83deflection /offset偏移84delta三角形85d elay /ˈdiːlei/延时86depalletizer/diˈpæliˌtaizə/拆垛小车87die/dai/冲模88die changer模具交换器89digital model数模90Digital Signal Processing DSP数字信号处理91display /diˈsplei/显示92dowel/daʊəl/ pin定位销93drilling/ˈdriliŋ/钻削94duty ratio负荷比E95electric hoist /hɔist/电动葫芦96electric welding machine; electricwelder电焊机97electrically operated valve电控阀98electrocladding /plating电镀99electrode holder焊钳100electromagnetic /ilektrəʊˈmæɡnitik/compatibility /kəmˌpætiˈbiliti/EMC电磁兼容性101engine /ˈendʒin/发动机102epoxy resin glue for hemming环氧折边胶F103fault diagnosis故障诊断feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/反馈104fender /ˈfendə/防护板、翼子板105106field bus现场总线107fillet /ˈfilit/角焊缝fillet welding角焊108flange /flændʒ/法兰109Flexible Body Line FBL柔性车身线110111flow chart流程图112forging锻造113fork truck叉车frame/coordination坐标114friction stir welding搅拌摩擦焊115G116gantry /ˈgæntri/龙门架117gap /gæp/间隙118gauge /geidʒ/型板119gears /giə:s/档位120Geo-Gripper定位抓具121Geometry /dʒiˈɒmitri/GEO几何122Geo-spot定位焊点123gluing/glu:iŋ/涂胶124Gluing Robot涂胶机器人125governor /ˈgʌvənə/调速器126grinder /ˈgraində/磨光机127grinding /ˈgraindiŋ/磨削128gripper抓具129groove /gruːv/坡口130ground地线;接地131gun hanger焊钳吊钩132gun switch焊钳开关H133hand gun手动焊钳handling robot取件机器人;搬运机器人134135hanger/ˈhæŋə/吊具hardening and tempering调质136heat/thermal treatment热处理137138hemming滚边139hemming bed胎模hemming die包边模具140hemming press包边压力机141142hemming tool滚边工具horizontal /ˌhɒriˈzɒntl/水平143144hot-melt adhesive热熔胶145human ergonomics/ˏɜːgəˈnɔmɪks/人机工程human-machine interface HMI人机界面146147hydraulic /haɪˈdrɔːlik/液压的148hydraulic absorber液压缓冲器I149induction machine感应式电机150inertia惯性;惯量151information of weld point焊点信息152inner dimension内部尺寸153inspection fixture I/F检具154interference /ˌintəˈfiərəns/干涉155interference fit过盈配合156invoice发票157isolating transformer隔离变压器J158jog /dʒɒg /点动(机器人等)159joint /dʒɔint/运动关节K160kinematic /kɪniˈmætɪk/运动学的, 运动学上的L161laser welding/ laser beam welding激光焊162layout规划,布局图163leg/ fillet weld leg焊脚164lifter升降机165light curtain /ˈkə:tən/安全光栅166linear unit直线单元167location位置168location pin定位销169lubricating oil润滑油M170magnet/ˈmægnit/磁铁171main reducer主减速器172man-machine coordination人机协调173mass production大批量生产174Master Control Point MCP主要控制点175master control point chart MCP图176Master Control Section MCS主控截面177master station主站178mechanical transmission MT机械式变速箱179mechanism /ˈmekənizəm/机构180Metal Active Gas welding MAG金属极(熔化极)活性性气体保护焊181Metal Inert Gas welding MIG 金属极(熔化极)惰性气体保护焊182MF Gun中频焊枪183milling/ˈmiliŋ/铣削184modify /ˈmɒdifai/更改185mounting plate安装面186multiple spot welding多点焊N187normalizing正火188nozzle /ˈnɒzəl/喷嘴O189Off-line Programming OLP离线编程190On-Board Diagnostics OBD在线检测191open大开192operating mechanism操作机构193orientation /ˌɔːriənˈteiʆən/方位194over voltage relay过电压继电器P195pallet /ˈpælit /物料架,小车托盘196parameter /pəˈræmitə/参数197part drawing零件图198patent/ˈpeɪtnt, ˈpætnt/专利199pay roll工资单200peak time峰值时间201performance characteristic工作特性202peripheral外围设备203pillar /ˈpilə/立柱204pipe joint管接头205piston/ˈpɪstən/活塞206pitch节距207planing /ˈpleiniŋ/刨削208planning规划209pneumatic /njuːˈmætik/气动210pneumatically /njuːˈmætikəli/drived slider气动滑台211position位置212positioner变位机213postweld heat treatment/postheattreatment焊后热处理214press压力机215Press Line冲压线216pressing robot冲压机器人217process /ˈprəʊses/工序;工艺(强调过程)218profile轮廓219project /ˈprɒdʒekt /工程、项目、投影220projection welding凸焊221property /ˈprɒpəti/属性Q222quenching /ˈkwentʃiŋ/淬火R223rack /ræk/支架;齿条224rail /reil/轨道;横梁225reachable可达226reducing valve减压阀227Regulator Interface Panel RIP水气排228Reinforce glue补强胶229reinforcement /ˌriːinˈfɔːsmənt/加强230reliability /riˌlaiəˈbiliti/可靠性231rid棱;加强肋232rigidity /riˈdʒidəti/刚度233robot programming language机器人编程语言234robot simulation机器人仿真235robot teaching机器人示教236roller /ˈrəulə/滚头237rope hemming水滴包边S238sandblast /ˈsændblɑːst/喷砂239Sealer Pump涂胶泵240seam /siːm/接缝241section型材,断面242security /siˈkjuəriti/lock安全锁243self-lubricant/self ˈlu:brikənt/ Bearing润滑轴承244semiopen小开245sensor /ˈsensə/传感器246Servo Gun伺服焊钳247servo motor伺服电机248short-circuiting,bridge短路249shuttle /ˈʆʌtl/往复输送250simulated interrupt仿真中断251Simulation仿真252simultaneous Engineering SE同步工程253solenoid /ˈsəulinɔid/valve/vælv/电磁阀254spatter /ˈspætə/飞溅255spherical /ˈsferɪk(ə)l / roller万向球256Spot Welding Sealants点焊密封胶257spot welding; resistance spotwelding点焊258spring /spriŋ/弹簧259squeeze挤压260stability /stəˈbiliti/稳定性261stand /stænd/换枪架262station /ˈsteiʆən/工位263steel rail 钢轨264strategic/strəˈtiːdʒɪk/战略的265strength /streŋθ, strenθ/强度266stud /stʌd/welding植焊267summary /ˈsʌməri/摘要268surface roughness表面粗糙度269symmetrical对称的;平衡的T270tapping攻丝271task /tɑːsk/任务272technique /tekˈniːk /工艺(强调技术手段)273temperature control device温度控制元件274tensioning/ˈtenʃəniŋ/wheel张紧轮275terminal电极,终端(点);接线柱276test signal测试信号277thread/θred/螺纹278through /θru:/直通279throughput产量;生产能力280TIMER CONTROLLER T/C焊接控制箱281TIP电极帽282tip dresser修磨器283tip; contact tube导电咀284tool changer换枪装置285torch /tɔːtʆ/焊炬;弧焊焊枪286torque /tɔ:k/扭矩;转矩287touch screen;touch panel触摸屏288TRANSFORMER T/R焊接变压器289transition fit过渡配合290Trolly滑车291Tungsten Inert Gas/Gas TungstenArc WeldingTIG/GTAW钨极(非熔化极)惰性气体保护焊;钨极氩弧焊292Turn table回转台293turning /ˈtə:niŋ/车削294twist drill麻花钻295two-way valve二通阀U296unmanned无人化的V297valve /vælv/阀298velocity transducer速度传感器299vertical /ˈvɜːtikəl/垂直300virtual manufacturing虚拟制造W301washer垫片302wear and tear磨损303weldability焊接性304welding controller焊接控制器305welding current downslope time焊接电流衰减时间306welding cycle焊接循环307welding gun焊枪308welding machine; welder焊机309welding power source焊接电源310welding process焊接工艺311Welding Robot焊接机器人312welding spot焊点313welding technique焊接技术314wire cutting电火花线切割315worm蜗杆316worm gear=worm wheel蜗轮X317X Type Welding Gun X型焊枪BIW相关词汇318ASSEMBLY ASSY总成319BODY BUILD B/B总成320BODY COMPLETE B/C总成321BODY FLOOR B/F地板322BODY IN WHITE BIW白车身323BODY SIDE B/S侧围324BRACKET BRKT支架325CENTER CTR中央通道326COMPLETE COMPLT组件;总成327DOOR DR门328ENGINE ENG发动机329EXTENTION EXTN延伸330FLOOR FLR地板331FRONT FR;FRT前部332HEAD LAMP H/LAMP前大灯333INNER INR内部的334LEFT HAND LH左侧335LOWER LWR下部336MEMBER MBR纵梁337OUTER OTR外部338PANEL PNL面板339RADIATOR RAD水箱340RADIATOR SUPPORT R/SUPT水箱横梁341REAR RR后部342REINFORCEMENT REINF加强343RIGHT HAND RH右侧344ROOF RF顶盖345SIDE OUTER S/OTR外侧346SIDE SILL S/SILL侧裙边347SUB ASSEMBLY SUB ASSY分总成348SUN ROOF S/RF天窗349SUPPORT SUPT支撑350UNDERBODY UB地板351UPPER UPR上部352intake pipe进气管353fire wall,dash panel前围板354rear wall后围板355tailgate后背板356fender翼子板;挡泥板357fuel filler加油口358front pillar,A-pillar A柱359center pillar,B-pillar B柱360rear pillar,C-pillar C柱361rail横梁362hinge铰链363guide rail导轨。
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跨接线,跨接,跨[短]接片,跳接器,∏型短路线Kkeyhole sawkey-operate键盘操作keyway 键槽king dick spannerking pin大头钉kit成套工具, 用具包, 工具箱, 成套用具knob 按钮;调节器knuckle joint万向接头knurled nut凸螺母knurling多瘤的, 多节的Llabel 标签, 签条, 商标, 标志labyrinth迷路, 迷宫, 难解的事物ladder. 梯子, 阶梯ladle杓子, 长柄杓lager贮藏啤酒lagging绝缘层材料laminate 层压(制品),迭片,迭层板,绝缘板; 碾压lamp holder 灯座lapjoint搭接lap 盖板;搭接,重迭;研磨,抛光lapping compound研磨,抛光化合物large power drill大型钻latch 锁存器;门闩线路;凸轮;闩锁lathe 车床lathe tool车床工具layout 规划, 设计, 编排, 版面, 配线, 企划, 设计图案,布局图, 版面设计leaf spring叠簧leaflet 小叶, 传单leak漏洞, 漏出, 漏出物, 泄漏, 泄漏leakage 漏, 泄漏, 渗漏left-hand thread左旋螺纹lengthwise纵长的,纵向长的level水平, 水平面, 水准, 标准, 级别leverage杠杆作用liberal自由,丰富,充足lid. 盖子lifting提升light光, 日光, 发光体, 灯轻的, 发光的light metal spirit level光金属水平仪lighting conductor光导体limit gaugelining内衬,衬里link链环, 连结物, 火把, 链接, 连结, 联合lintel楣, 过梁lip. 嘴唇, 唇缘lithium saponify锂基脂litre 升local地方的, 当地的, 局部的, 乡土的,当地居民, 本地新闻, 慢车, 局部locate定位,位置location单元;位置,定位lock 加锁,锁(紧,定),封闭;自动跟踪locking nut自锁螺母locknut防松螺母,对开螺母locomotive 机车, 火车头log(运行)记录,(系统)日志logging saw伐木锯loom. 织布机, 织机, 隐现, 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斜接mitring machinemix 混合mixture混合, 混合物, 混合剂Monitoring监控mode方式, 模式, 样式, 时尚modem 调制解调器modification修改,改造,改变,变型,变体module 模数, 模块, 登月舱, 指令舱modulus模量,系数,模数moisture 湿气,湿度,潮湿molding塑造;铸型;造型塑造物;铸造物mole wrenchmomentary刹那间的;顷刻的;短暂的mortar 臼, 研钵, 灰泥mortise. 榫眼mortise chisel榫.Motor start马达启动moulding sand沙模multimeter 万用表,多用途计量器multi-meter万用表multiplication乘法, 增加,(动, 植的)繁殖, 增殖multiplier 增加者, 繁殖者,乘数, 增效器, 乘法器multiply 繁殖, 乘, 增加Nnacelle发动机舱,机舱nail指甲, 钉, 钉子needle file 针锉needle valve 针形阀, 针状活门negative 否定, 负数,阴性的;负极的network. 网络, 网状物, 广播网neutralization中立化, 中立状态, [化]中和noise噪声,噪音non-shrinking非收缩性normal正常,普通,标准nose cone. 火箭或飞弹之鼻锥体, 头锥体nozzle管口, 喷嘴nut 坚果, 螺母, 螺帽, 难解的问题nut tap自攻螺母nylon 尼龙Oobstruct 阻隔, 阻塞, 遮断(道路、通道等), 阻碍物, 障碍物obtuse angle 钝角obtuse-angled triangle钝角三角形occur 发生, 出现off-shore oil rig海上平台oil ringoil switch油开关oil well 油井oilstone油石oldham coupling欧氏联轴节on-site在场open ring wrench开口扳手open-hearth furnace平炉optimum最佳,最优orifice 孔, 口oscillation摆动, 振动outlet 输出;出口;引出线,电源插座output 产量, 输出, 输出量out yawing外偏航oval nail椭圆钉over speed过速overaging超龄的;老朽的;旧式的over current protection过电流保护overhead-valve engine 顶阀发动机,预置气门发动机overheat加热过度使发展过快,使过热overlap重叠,覆盖overload 超载,过载,过负荷overpressure过压overproduction生产过剩overspeed 超速over voltage过电压oxidation氧化[作用];氧化层oxyacetylene welding氧乙炔焊风电词汇中英文对照表-IIsaddle. 鞍, 鞍状物safety 安全, 保险, 安全设备, 保险装置sample. 标本, 样品, 例子sand blasting沙暴sander 沙, 沙子, [pl. ] 沙滩, 沙地sandingsandpaper砂纸sandwich夹层,层状[夹心]结构satisfactory符合要求的;合适的saturate. 使饱和, 浸透, 使充满saw 锯sawing machinescaffolding 脚手架scale 刻度,标度;比例尺,标尺;尺度,规模;【动】定标;换算;【WIN,NT】数值,缩放(比例scalene trangle不等边的(三角形)scarringscraper刮器,擦具;鞋刮子;刮刀,刮漆刀scratch 划痕,刻痕;【动】擦除;【修】临时screen 屏(幕,面),荧光屏;筛选;屏蔽;网screw螺丝钉, 螺旋, 螺杆, 螺孔, 螺旋桨, screw callipersscrew clampscrew driverscrew extractor拉马screw jack 螺旋千斤顶screw pitch gaugescrew tap 螺丝攻screw thread. 螺纹screwdriver 螺丝刀,起子scriber划线器, 描绘标记的用具scribing block划线笔sealing密封seam welding接合焊seat座, 座位, 所在地, 场所, 席位secger plierrsecure安全,可靠,保密securedsecurity 安全(性),保密(性),安全措施segregation分离,分凝法self-starter自动点火装置;自动启动器self-tapping screw自攻螺丝sensitivity 敏感, 灵敏(度), 灵敏性sensor 传感器,检测器;读出器,感测器;敏感元件sentsequence 顺序,时序;数列;定序,排序,序列series connectionservice 服务,服务程序;业务;维修,维护set screwset squaresetting设置[定]值;设置settle稳定,固定;调整,调度shackle 手铐, 脚镣, 桎梏, 束缚物shaft 轴, 杆状物shank 胫, 腿骨shaping machineshaping toolsharpness锐利shears 剪, 修剪, 剪切sheartubeshicknessshield屏蔽,罩;防护,庇护shim 垫片;填隙片shimming 摇动,震颤,晃动shock 冲击;震动shock absorber 减震器,震动吸收器short circuit. 短路shovel 铲, 铁铲shrink缩小,收缩shutdown 停止系统运行,停工[机],关机shutter 遮挡板,光闸,光阀;快门shuttle 梭;航天飞机,宇宙飞船,空间渡船;往返空间sidelight侧面射进来的光线, 侧灯,舷灯, 拾零, 杂闻, 间接说明side-valve enginesight glasssimultaneous同时的, 同时发生的sine wave正弦波single phase单相singnalsink 散热器,接收器,转接器;吸收(电流等);沟(半导体耗尽层的);汇点,收点;宿,汇集sintering烧结siphon 虹吸管site-mixedskew wind 歪斜,偏斜,扭斜[曲,动];相位偏移;变形,时滞(同一脉冲通过不同电路的时差);不齐,不齐量,偏离;【修】歪,斜,扭skin-halveskip 跳跃(进位);跳行[越,过];空指令slag. 矿渣, 炉渣, 火山岩渣sledge hammer大锤, 有压服力的东西sleeve 套筒,套管slide 滑动触头;【动】使滑动slide caliperrslide rule计算尺slide valve滑阀sliding滑动,活动;可调整slight 轻微的, 微小的slipping clutchslope 斜坡, 斜面, 倾斜slot 插槽,存储槽,(页)槽;槽口;开缝,存取窗口;裂缝[口],切口,沟;时间段,时间片slow-running screwsmelting熔炼smooth平稳,平滑snips 剪断socket 插座[槽,孔,口];管座;套接字(报文包的);【SunOS】网络界面[接口];【网】报路[SK]socket spanner套筒扳手soft cut in软切入software软件,软设备soldering 焊料,焊锡;焊接,结合soldering iron 烙铁solenoid螺线管solenoid valve电磁阀solitary单独,唯一solvent溶媒, 溶剂, 解决方法spacer. 取间隔的装置, 逆电流器,衬垫,衬套,衬片spade 铲, 铁锹spanner扳手;活络扳手;扳子sparking plug 火花塞spigot 插口;插头,塞子;(水)龙头spindle 主轴,心轴spinner 微调控制项spiral gear螺旋齿spirit level 水平仪spirit varnishsplash. 溅, 飞溅, 斑点spline方栓, 齿条, 止转楔, 花键splined shaftsplint夹板,托板split bearing分离轴承split pinspokeshave辐刀spot 斑点,点;地点;点焊spot welding点焊sprayer 喷出水沫者, 喷雾, 喷雾器sprig图钉spring 弹簧;【动】弹出spring balance弹簧秤spring washer弹垫spring-bow compasssprocket 链轮齿spur gear正齿轮spur wheel gear正齿轮square 平方;方块;【修】矩形[SQ],正方形的, 四方的,直角的, 正直的, 公平的, 结清的, 平方的, 彻底的square nut 四方螺母, 螺帽square thread矩形螺纹square-head bolt方头螺栓stabilizer稳定器;平衡器;安定剂stable稳定,稳态stage 级;阶段,程度;【动】登台,升级stain 着色,染色;着色剂;污点stainless 纯洁的, 无瑕疵的, 不锈的stall失速,使失速standard标准(型),规范,准则;【印】常身;正常体standing 直立的, 停滞的, 固定的, 常备的, 标准的, 常设的standstill静止状态;停顿star drillstart up 发动, 开动starter motor马达启动startup 启动steam engine 蒸汽机steam roller蒸汽压路机, 高压手段steam turbine 蒸汽轮机steel sheet scissorsteel wool钢丝线steering box舵盘steering gear方向齿steering wheel舵轮,方向盘step-down(up) transformer降压器stiffen 变粘, 变硬, 变猛烈stillson wrenchstipulate 规定, 保证stock 库存, 股票, 股份, 托盘, 祖先, 血统, 原料stoker 司炉, 烧炉工人, 加煤机stopcock管闩, 活塞, 活栓, 旋塞阀stoppage 中断, 填塞store 存储,存储器straight edge直刃strange陌生的, 生疏的, 前所未知的, 奇怪的, 奇异的, 不惯的strap 短接,跨接strap wrench绑扎带streak 条纹,拖尾strike 打, 打击, 罢工, 抓, 敲, 搏动, 打动, 穿透strip 条,带,(跨接)片;剥离,脱去,去除striplightstructure结构,构造,构件;structure结构,构造,构件;【C】(数据类型)结构,结构体[STRUC]stub axlestudstuffing box填充体sturdy 强健的, 坚定的, 毫不含糊的substantial 坚固的, 实质的, 真实的, 充实的substation变电所,分站,支局subsynchronous 次[再]同步suck 吸, 吮, 吸取suction. 吸入, 吸力, 抽气, 抽气机, 抽水泵, 吸引summation 求和,总和,加法sump润滑油槽;油盘;机油箱superheated 过热supervise监控,监督support 支援,支持(程序,软件);配套[SU] surface 表面,曲面;【修】表面,外部surplus 过剩,余量surrounding 围绕物, 环境suspension 吊, 悬浮, 悬浮液, 暂停, 中止, 悬而未决, 延迟,挂起;暂停,中止suspension systemsweating. 出汗的, 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switch定时开关timing chain调速链timing gear调速齿tip尖头,技巧,端头,触点;忠告,提示toggle joint双态元件,触发器;(乒乓)开关;轮转,(来回)切换tolerance公差,容差[限,许],允许误差;容错度tolerate忍受, 容忍tommy bar撬棒,螺丝钻tongs钳子, 夹具tongue and groovetooqh强硬的tool box工具箱tool post工具站toolbox工具箱top dead-centretopmost最顶层,最高,最上面torch手电筒,火把;火炬torque arm力臂torque spanner力矩扳手torque wrench力矩扳手torsion扭(转);扭力;挠率;转矩torsion bar力矩杆torus 环形圆纹曲面,(圆)环面touch 触力;【动】按,揿,触toward. 向, 对于, 为了Towertower crane塔式吊车track rod磁棒tractor. 拖拉机,(履带式)输[进]纸器trailing (轨)迹;跟踪;【WIN】指针train 串,列,系列;链;列车trammel 拘束, 阻碍物, 束缚物transformer变压器transistor 晶体管transmission 传输,发送,传送TransmissionTransmitter发射器,变送器transport 运输;运输工具transverse横切的,横轴transverse engine水平机trapezium梯形travelling crane移动式吊车tread踩,踏treadle踏板trestle架,架柱triac 三端双向可控硅开关元件triangle三角(形)trigger触发trimming清理焊缝triple三层的,三倍的triple phase三相tripod三角架trowel泥刀, 小铲子try square曲尺, 检验角尺t-square丁字尺tubular管状的,管形的turbojet涡轮喷气飞机turbongeneratorturning 旋转, 转向, 转弯处turnstile 十字转门turntable转车, 转盘turret lathe 六角车床twist . 盘旋;缠绕twisting缠绕two-handed sawtwo-stroke engine二冲程发动机Uu-bolt U形螺栓ultrasonic超声波unbalance不平衡unconditional. 无条件地uncritical不加批判的, 无批判力的, 不严厉的under load switch底载荷开关under voltage低电压underfeed stokerundershot wheelundulate起伏uniform一样的union联合;联合会,团结unit单元,部件,单位(符号);装置,设备,器件universal coupling万向联轴节,万向连接器universal joint万向接头,万向节universal pliers万能手钳unloading卸,去载unscrew从...旋出螺丝, 旋开, 旋松unsymmetry不匀称untwisting拆开(搓合的绳,线等), 解开update更新;修改;校正;重新编辑upstairs楼上的upward向上的upwind迎风,顶风,上升气流Vvacuum真空, 空间vacuum brake真空制动闸vacuum gauge真空计vacuum pump真空泵,真空抽气机vacuum tube真空管,电子管value价值,值valve . 阀, [英] 电子管, 真空管vapour蒸汽, 水蒸气variable resistor可变电阻varistor可变电阻varnish清漆,上漆vat大桶,大槽veebelt V形皮带vehicle交通(运输)工具,飞船,车辆,机动车;步行机器人vencervenn diagram维恩图ventilation通风装置,通风venturi tube文氏管,文丘里管vernier calliper gauge游标尺vernier scale游标尺vertex顶点,角顶,台风转向点via . 道,通路,经过,经由viaduct高架桥vibration颤动,振动;摆动vibration switch0振动开关vice老虎钳,台钳vicinity附近,邻近viewfinder寻像器,取景器viscosity粘度, 粘性visible 可见的,显著的visual可视的,直观,图象,可见[视],视觉[象],形象化voltage电压,电位差voltmeter电压表,伏特计volume卷,册,体积,容量;音量v-thread V形螺纹Wwall-shuttering百叶窗wankel engine凡克尔发动机warp弯曲,翘曲,扭曲wash洗涤,冲刷,冲冼washer垫片,垫圈waspalloy瓦斯帕洛伊变形镍基耐热合金waste oil container废油容器watch表,值班water wheel水轮water-antioxidant抗氧化剂water-cooled engine水冷内燃机water-resistant水电阻wave band switch波段开关waveguide波导;波导管wavelength波长wax蜡;蜡状物weaving织;编,编法,摆动weft纬线weighbridge称量台,台秤,桥秤weighing machine称量器weights重量,砝码welding焊接,焊缝wet湿的,湿气,水分whctstonewheel湿的,湿气,水分wheel brace齿轮架wheelbarrow手推车wheelbase轴距whistling号笛,鸣笛,汽笛winch绞车,绞盘wind nut风机用螺母wind vane风向标winding线圈,绕组windscreen挡风玻璃,风挡windscreen wiper风档刮水器,风档雨雪刷windward风档刮水器,风档雨雪刷wing nut蝶型螺母wipe擦,消除wipe off擦掉,抹掉wire导线,电线,金属线wire brush电刷wire dowelwire gaugewire nail线卡wire wool线圈wiredrawing拉丝,拨丝,使延长wire-stripping pliers剥线钳wiring布线,接线wood screw木螺丝wooden block木块wording用语work scissor工作剪workbench工作台workshop车间,工厂worm gear蜗杆螺杆,蜗杆齿wrench扳手,扳子wristwatch手表Xx-axis X轴,横坐标轴xerox静电复印机Yyaw偏航,航偏角Yawy-axis纵坐标,Y轴yield成品;成品率,合格率;输出,产生,得到;屈服Zzink spray镀锌zoom lens 变焦镜头电力系统power system发电机generator 励磁excitation励磁器excitor 电压voltage 电流current升压变压器step-up transformer 母线bus 变压器transformer空载损耗:no-load loss 铁损:iron loss 铜损:copper loss空载电流:no-load current 有功损耗:reactive loss 无功损耗:active loss输电系统power transmission system高压侧high side 输电线transmission line高压: high voltage 低压:low voltage 中压:middle voltage功角稳定angle stability 稳定stability 电压稳定voltage stability暂态稳定transient stability 电厂power plant 能量输送power transfer交流AC 直流DC 电网power system落点drop point 开关站switch station 调节regulation高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的:apposable 裕度margin故障fault 三相故障three phase fault 分接头:tap切机generator triping 高顶值high limited value 静态static (state)动态dynamic (state) 机端电压控制A VR 电抗reactance电阻resistance 功角power angle 有功(功率)active power电容器:Capacitor 电抗器:Reactor 断路器:Breaker电动机:motor 功率因数:power-factor 定子:stator阻抗电压:阻抗:impedance 功角:power-angle 电压等级:voltage grade有功负载: active load PLoad 无功负载:reactive load 档位:tap position电阻:resistor 电抗:reactance 电导:conductance电纳:susceptance 上限:upper limit 下限:lower limit正序阻抗:positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗:negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗:zero sequence impedance无功(功率)reactive power 功率因数power factor 无功电流reactive current斜率slope 额定rating 变比ratio参考值reference value 电压互感器PT 分接头tap仿真分析simulation analysis 下降率droop rate 传递函数transfer function框图block diagram 受端receive-side 同步synchronization保护断路器circuit breaker 摇摆swing 阻尼damping无刷直流电机:Brusless DC motor 刀闸(隔离开关):Isolator 机端generator terminal变电站transformer substation永磁同步电机:Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor异步电机:Asynchronous Motor三绕组变压器:three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器:double-column transformer DblClmnTrans固定串联电容补偿fixed series capacitor compensation双回同杆并架double-circuit lines on the same tower单机无穷大系统one machine - infinity bus system励磁电流:magnetizing current 补偿度degree of compensation Electromagnetic fields 电磁场失去同步loss of synchronization装机容量installed capacity 无功补偿reactive power compensation故障切除时间fault clearing time 极限切除时间critical clearing time强行励磁reinforced excitation 并联电容器:shunt capacitor< 下降特性droop characteristics 线路补偿器LDC(line drop compensation)电机学Electrical Machinery 自动控制理论Automatic Control Theory电磁场Electromagnetic Field微机原理Principle of Microcomputer电工学Electrotechnics Principle of circuits 电路原理Electrical Machinery 电机学电力系统稳态分析Steady-State Analysis of Power System电力系统暂态分析Transient-State Analysis of Power System电力系统继电保护原理Principle of Electrical System's Relay Protection电力系统元件保护原理Protection Principle of Power System 's Element电力系统内部过电压Past V oltage within Power system模拟电子技术基础Basis of Analogue Electronic Technique数字电子技术Digital Electrical Technique电路原理实验Lab. of principle of circuits电气工程讲座Lectures on electrical power production电力电子基础Basic fundamentals of power electronics高电压工程High voltage engineering电子专题实践Topics on experimental project of electronics电气工程概论Introduction to electrical engineering电子电机集成系统electronic machine system电力传动与控制Electrical Drive and Control电力系统继电保护Power System Relaying Protection。
机务维修英译常用词句飞机A/C(是aircraft 的英文缩写形式)航前检查preflight check 航后检查postflight check短停检查transit check 定检scheduled maintenance发现found或revealed(注:对已发生事情的描述常用过去式)故障trouble 或failure 或fault 失效fail 或malfunction不工作inoperative 缩写INOP 工作不稳定rough工作稳定smoothly 排故troubleshooting为了排故for troubleshooting 不能fail to…或can’t根据refer 或per to 或according to;维护手册AMM 更换replaced件号part number 缩写P/N 时控件time control part拆下removed 安装installed上件part on 下件part off放行标准DDG(是dispatch deviation guide 的英文缩写形式)最低设备清单MEL(是minimum equipment list的缩写形式)南航传真CSN fax适航指令airworthiness directive同意放行dispatch approved 或released 因为due 或because 因停场时间不足due time short没有备件lack parts 或no spare parts available 或no parts in stock待件wait for parts 申请保留apply for reservation保留故障defer defect 保留项目defer item保留期限due time关闭保留项目close deferred item撤消保留项目rescind deferred item前部forward 缩写fwd 后部after 缩写aft左left 缩写L 或LH右right 缩写R 或RH上面upper下面lower内侧inboard 缩写I/B外侧outboard 缩写O/B内侧发动机inboard engine外侧发动机overboard engine起落架landing gear 缩写LDG主轮main wheel前轮nose wheel测试test通电测试power-on test安装测试test for installation操作测试operational test系统测试test for system正常normal 或OK异常abnormal在空中in flight在地面on ground地面检查GND check试车检查running-up test(同机)对串件interchanged…with…(不同机间)对串件exchanged…with…或robbed…from…更新数据库updated database开关switch电门switch正常位NORM备用位ALTN人工manual 自动auto选择select(注:通常也用缩写形式SEL)按钮button 旋钮knob按压press 把住hold释放release顺时针clockwise 逆时针counterclockwise预置preset 重新设置reset一致agree 不一致disagree 不对称asymmetric卡阻jammed杆lever 或stick 或column操纵杆control column 控制面板control panel手柄handle 方向盘steering wheel放电刷static discharge wick 遮光板glareshield风挡windscreen 或windshield 雨刷wiper调整adjust 或regulate 重新调整readjust销子pin 例如安全销safety pin 插头plug插座socket 插针pin电阻resistor 线路wire在…之间between…and…引线lead跳开关circuit breaker 继电器relay螺帽nut 螺栓bolt螺钉screw 松动loose脱落fall off 拧紧tighten丢失lost 或missing鸟击birdstrike凹坑dent 损坏damaged烧蚀burn through 烧坏burn out扎伤punctured 磨损wearing 或worn在范围内within limits 超标out of limits见线exposed threads油箱tank 燃油fuel滑油oil 液压油hydraulic fluid泄露leak(注:也常用名词leakage)机长captain 副驾驶first officer 缩写F/O观察员observer 乘务员attendant飞机大概机头nose 机腹belly 蒙皮skin机身airframe 翼肋rib 翼梁spar机翼wing 翼尖wing tip前缘leading edge 后缘trailing edge操纵面control surface 客舱cabin 或passenger compartment 座位seat 排row(如:第5排译作row 5)过道aisle 地板floor天花板ceiling 隔板partition厨房galley 厕所toilet驾驶舱cockpit 货舱cargo轮舱wheel well 缩写W/W 设备舱bay驾驶舱门flight deck door 驾驶舱安全门flight deck security door安全带SEAT-BELTATA 21空调空调air-conditioning 缩写a/c 空调舱air-conditioning pack自动驾驶autopilot 冲压空气作动器ram air actuator出气活门air outlet valve 排气活门exhaust valve温度控制活门TEMP CONT valve 引气bleed air自动automatic缩写AUTO 人工manual正常normal 缩写NORM 备用alternate 缩写ALTN设备冷却equipment cooling 排气扇exhaust fan供气扇supply fan 低流量low flow头顶分配管overhead distribution duct 进气管inlet duct主热交换器primary heat exchanger次热交换器secondary heat exchanger 增压室plenum 增压pressurization加热heating 压力控制pressure control滤网filter 温度指示器temperature indicator客舱高度cabin altitude 压差指示器differential press indicator客舱爬升率cabin rate of climb 空气循环机air cycle machine 缩写ACM 主分配管main distribution manifold客舱压力控制组件cabin press control module水分离器water separator 压力选择面板press selector panel控制继电器control relay 人工超控继电器manual override relay 传感器sensor 过热电门overheat switch压气机出口过热电门compressor outlet overheat switch外溢活门outflow valve 单向活门check valve关断活门shutoff valve 释压活门relief valve配平调节活门trim modulating valve 风挡windshieldATA22 自动驾驶自动驾驶autopilot 液压hydraulic 缩写HYD副翼aileron 襟翼flap缝翼slat 安定面stabilizer方向舵rudder 升降舵elevator扰流板spoiler 减速板airbrake传感器transducer 发射机transmitter马赫配平作动器mach trim actuator 自动油门auto-throttle偏航阻尼器yaw damper 失速管理stall management机长captain 副驾驶first officer 缩写F/O观察员observer 伺服马达servo motor速度配平speed trim 巡航cruise起飞/复飞电门takeoff/go around switch俯仰pitch 驱动组件drive unit横滚roll 跳开关circuit breakerATA23 通信通信communication 旅客广播passenger address 缩写PA天线antenna 选呼select call 缩写SELCAL娱乐系统entertainment system 磁带机tape reproducer内话interphone 语音记录器voice recorder天线偶合器antenna coupler 乘务员面板attendant panel话筒headset 指示灯indicator light氧气面罩oxygen mask 音频控制面板audio control panel音频选择面板audio select panel 语音/数据继电器voice/data relay呼叫电门call switch 收发机transceiver应急定位发射机emergency locator transmitter无线电频率组件radio frequency unit 遥控电子组件remote electronics unitATA24 电源电源electrical power电瓶battery电压计voltmeter 发电机generator启动机starter 静变流机static inverter外电源external power 地面服务电门ground service switch变压器transformer 保险丝fuse变频器converter 整流器rectifier汇流条电源控制组件bus power control unit 备用电源控制组件standby power control unit ATA25设备和装饰设备equipment 装备furnishing医药箱medical kit 厨房galley厕所lavatory 旅客座位passenger seat过道aisle 逃离绳escape lanyard隔板sidewall panel 电子舱electronics bay旅客服务组件passenger service unit 站位station逃离滑梯escape slide 内窗inner window后货舱AFT cargoATA26 防火防火fire protection 灭火瓶fire extinguisher bottle头顶探测器overhead detector 龙骨梁keel beam过热探测器overheat detector 发动机支架engine strut大翼过热探测器wing overheat detector 主轮舱main wheel well烟雾探测smoke detector 火警灯fire warning light厕所烟雾指示灯lavatory smoke indicator light过热探测控制组件overheat detector control module故障/不工作和过热/火测试电门FAULT/INOP and OVHT/FIRE test switch灭火测试电门extinguisher switch 测试电门test switchATA27 飞行控制飞行控制flight control 机翼wing翼尖wing tip 副翼配平作动器aileron trim actuator升降舵调整片elevator tab 地面扰流板ground spoiler前缘缝翼leading edge slat缩写LE slat 后缘襟翼trailing edge flap缩写TE flap方向舵配平作动器rudder trim actuator 副翼组件aileron assembly 抖杆stick shaker放出extend 收起retract保险fuse 襟翼位置指示器flap position indicator 襟翼收放测试test for R/E(retract/ extend 的缩写形式)flaps预位arm 转换机构transfer mechanism驱动电动马达drive electric motor 驱动液压马达drive hydraulic motor失速警告测试面板stall warning test panel放下down 收上up安定面配平stabilizer trim 控制杆control column自动缝翼控制活门auto-slat control valve内锁活门interlock valve 速度刹车speed-brake旁通活门bypass valve 控制轮control wheelATA28 燃油燃油fuel 中央油箱center tank加油指示fueling indicator 预选preselect加油喷嘴refuel nozzle 燃油系统面板fuel system panel大翼加油面板wing fueling panel 增压泵boost pump加油浮子电门refuel float switchATA 29液压液压hydraulic 液压管路hydraulic line液压作动筒hydraulic actuator 液压泵hydraulic pump压力控制活门pressure control valve 压力传感器pressure sensor释压活门relief valve 流量控制活门flow control valve密封圈seals 刹车压力指示brake press indicator故障探测fault detector 热交换器heat exchanger排放油滤drain filter 储油箱reservoir回油滤return filter 低压电门low pressure switch液压过热警告电门hydraulic overheat warning switch压力传感器pressure transmitterATA30 防冰/防雨防冰和雨anti-ice & rain 风挡windshield雨刮rain wiper 皮托管pitot废物waste 窗户加热电源window heat power加热面板heat panel 总温传感器total temperature sensor防冰自动油门电门anti-ice auto-throttle switch风挡传感器电门windshield sensor switch左/右侧窗户温度热控制组件L / R side window heat control unit进气整流罩inlet cowl 热电门thermal switch热防冰活门thermal anti-ice valveATA31 指示/记录系统指示indicating 仪表indicator 或gauge记录recording 显示display控制面板control panel 飞行记录仪flight recorder位置传感器position sensor 时钟显示clock display起落架音响警告landing gear aural warning主警告master caution 打印机printer测试接头test connector 耦合器coupler马赫空速mach airspeed 控制轮control wheel固态飞行数据记录仪solid state flight data recorder控制杆位置传感器control column position sensor地面扰流板内锁活门GND spoiler interlock valve升降舵位置传感器elevator position sensor方向舵踏板位置传感器rudder pedal position sensor副翼位置传感器aileron position 地面扰流板升起压力电门GND spoiler up press switch显示组件display unitATA32 起落架起落架landing gear 缩写LDG 机轮wheel主轮main wheel 前轮nose wheel左外left outboard 或left outside 左内left inboard 或left inside右外right outboard 或right outside 右内right inboard 或right inside刹车brake 刹车蓄压器brake accumulator主起落架main landing gear 上锁作动器uplock actuator下锁作动器downlock actuator 前起落架nose landing gear转弯steering防滞anti-skid起落架锁定gear locked 起落架舱门wheel door轮舱wheel well 放轮gear extension收轮gear retraction收放测试test for R/E(retract/ extend的缩写形式)起落架被卡阻gear jammed 轮胎tyre爆胎burst 瘪胎deflated tyre轮胎被扎破puncture 轮胎tyre见线exposed threads 磨损wear 或worn out裂纹cracks 超限out of limits在范围内within limits 空/地继电器air/ground relay自动刹车autobrake 刹车保险brake fuse人工释放manual extension液压刹车压力指示器hydraulic brake pressure indicator停留刹车parking brake 故障灯fault light解除预位灯disarm light 不工作灯INOP light限流器flow limiter 扭力杆torsion link人工放出机构manual extension mechanism放下并锁上传感器down and locked sensor收上并锁上传感器up and locked sensor 下锁弹簧downlock spring 减振支柱shock strut侧支柱side strut 阻力支柱drag strut人工放出限制电门manual extension limit switch刹车踏板电门brake pedal switch前轮转弯电门nose wheel steering switch防滞传感器antiskid transducer 刹车调节活门brake metering valve加注活门charging valve 选择活门selector valve转换活门transfer valve 隔离活门isolation valve防滞活门antiskid valve 往复活门shuttle valveATA33 灯灯light 闪光灯strobe light航行灯navigation light 缩写NA V light防撞灯anti-collision light 着陆灯landing light信号灯signal light 下滑灯approach light机翼照明灯wing illumination light 标志灯logo light滑行灯taxi light 应急照明灯emergency light机身灯fuselage light 转弯灯turnoff light尾灯tail light 窗灯window light荧光灯fluorescent lamp 地板灯floor light阅读灯reading lamp 灯座lamp socket 或lamp base灯架lampholder 地图灯cap light灯组件light module 灯泡bulb明bright 暗dim烧坏burn out 灯罩lamp cover灯亮on 或illuminate 灯灭off 或turn offATA34 导航导航navigation 缩写NA V 天线antenna数据库database指点信标marker beacon顶端top 底端bottom下滑道glide slope无线电高度接收机radio altitude receiver无线电高度发射天线radio altitude transmitter antenna气象雷达weather radar近地警告ground proximity warning 缩写GND PROX WARN无线电导航radio navigation 姿态指示仪attitude indicator测距仪询问机DME interrogator 应答机transponder收发机transceiver 惯导inertial reference主注意master cautionATA35 氧气氧气oxygen 氧气面罩oxygen mask流量控制flow control 充气控制inflation control热补偿thermal compensator 机组氧气瓶crew oxygen cylinder氧气发生器oxygen generator 氧气压力指示oxygen pressure indicator 旅客氧气面罩passenger oxygen mask 机组氧气面罩crew oxygen mask氧气系统组件oxygen system module 氧气系统面板oxygen system panel安全销safety pin 压力调节器pressure regulator氧气指示继电器oxygen indicator relay 高度压力电门altitude press switch机组氧气传感器crew oxygen transducer 乘务员服务组件attendant service unit 厕所服务组件lavatory unit 旅客服务组件passenger service unit 超压释放活门overpressure relief valveATA36 气源系统气源pneumatics 引气活门bleed air valve双压力指示dual pressure indicator 引气调节器bleed air regulator预冷控制活门传感器precooler control valve sensor超温电门over temperature switch 恒温器thermostat总管压力传感器manifold press transmitterAPU引气活门APU bleed air valve 单向活门check valve引气隔离活门bleed air isolation valve 预冷控制活门precooler control valve地面气源ground pneumaticATA38 水和废物水和废物water & waste 真空通风机vacuum blower排放管drain line 排放接头drain fitting厕所水加热器lavatory water heater 水压缩机water compressor水量指示water quantity indicator 空气过滤air filter水服务面板water service panel 控制手柄control handle废物量指示waste quantity indicator 不工作/测试电门INOP/TEST switch逻辑控制组件logic control module压缩机控制继电器compressor control relay内锁电门interlock switch 水压限制电门water pressure limit switch废物箱waste tank 水箱water tank真空马桶vacuum toilet加注/溢流活门fill/overflow valve 球形活门ball valveATA49 辅助动力装置辅助动力装置auxiliary power unit 缩写APU 进气门作动器air inlet actuator 导向叶片guide vane燃油增压泵fuel boost pump排气温度exhaust gas temperature 缩写EGT数据记忆组件data memory module 滑油位传感器oil level sensor滑油温度传感器oil temperature sensor 速度传感器speed sensor进气门位置电门air inlet door position switch热电耦thermocouple 燃油控制组件fuel control unit点火组件ignition unit 喘振活门surge valveATA52 门门door 登机门entry door警告电门warning switch 平衡组件counterbalance assembly紧急出口emergency exit 货舱门闩cargo door latch接近面板access panel 门上锁面板door unlock panel安定面配平stabilizer trimATA56 窗窗window 门窗door mounted window旅客窗passenger compartment windowATA71 动力装置动力装置power plant 发动机engine发动机短舱nacelle 发动机吊舱pod风扇fan 风扇叶片fan blade进气罩inlet cowl涡流控制装置vortex control device 缩写VCD释压门pressure relief door 接近门access door滑油箱oil tank 风扇罩fan cowl铰链hinge 风扇罩面板闩fan cowl panel latch发动机架engine mount 发动机燃烧室engine combustor 高压涡轮组件high pressure turbine assembly 附件齿轮箱accessory gearbox 传动齿轮箱transfer gearbox转子,叶轮spinner 气缸cylinder转速revolution per minute 缩写RPM 尾喷管nozzle磁堵magnetic plug 发动机慢车位idle发动机喘振surge 发动机停车engine shutdown发动机熄火engine flame outATA73 发动机燃油和控制发动机燃油和控制engine fuel & control 燃油系统fuel system 燃油箱fuel tank通气孔vent 加油栓fuel hydrant燃油管路fuel line 放油活门dump valve燃油泵fuel pump 燃油滤fuel filter接头joint 燃油流量表fuel flow indicator导线束wiring harness 燃油总管fuel manifold燃油喷嘴fuel nozzle 插头plug发动机控制面板engine control panel 备用电源继电器alternate power relay风扇进气温度传感器fan inlet temperature sensor压差电门differential pressure switch 燃油流量传感器fuel flow transmitter电子发动机控制electronic engine control 缩写EECATA74 点火点火ignition 点火激励器ignition exciter发动机起动电门engine start switch 发动机点火电门engine ignition switch ATA75 发动机空气发动机空气engine air 可变引气活门variable bleed valve 缩写VBV位置传感器position transducer 过渡引气活门transient bleed valve高压涡轮间隙活门HP turbine clearance valve 缩写HPTCV低压涡轮间隙活门LP turbine clearance valve 缩写LPTCVATA76 发动机控制发动机控制engine control 起动杆start lever点火电门ignition switchATA77 发动机指示发动机指示engine indicatingATA78 排气排气exhaust 反推thrust reverser套筒sleeve 同步锁SYNC lock顺序电门sequence relay 控制电门control switch发动机附件组件engine accessory unitATA79 发动机滑油发动机滑油engine oil 润滑剂lubricant润滑(N.)lubrication (V.)lubricate 滑油管路oil line探测器detector 回油scavenge回油过滤scavenge filter主滑油/燃油热交换器main oil/fuel heat exchanger滑油压力传感器oil pressure sensor 滑油压力表oil pressure indicator滑油温度表oil temperature indicator 滑油散热器oil cooler滑油温度传感器oil temperature sensor 润滑组件lubrication unit滑油滤旁通警告电门oil filter bypass warning switch滑油箱oil tank 滑油量传感器oil quantity transmitterATA80 起动起动stating 发动机起动活门engine start valve常用语句……检查发现……1. 航后检查发现左后航行灯不亮。
液压专业翻译词汇液压专业词汇流体传动hydraulic power 液压技术hydraulics液力技术hydrodynamics 气液技术hydropneumatics运行工况operating conditions 额定工况rated conditions极限工况limited conditions 瞬态工况instantaneous conditions 稳态工况steady-state conditions 许用工况acceptable conditions连续工况continuous working conditions 实际工况actual conditions效率efficiency 旋转方向direction of rotation公称压力nominal pressure 工作压力working pressure进口压力inlet pressure 出口压力outlet pressure压降pressure drop;differential pressure 背压back pressure启动压力breakout pressure 充油压力charge pressure开启压力cracking pressure 峰值压力peak pressure运行压力operating pressure 耐压试验压力proof pressure冲击压力surge pressure 静压力static pressure系统压力system pressure 控制压力pilot pressure充气压力pre-charge pressure 吸入压力suction pressure调压偏差override pressure 额定压力rated pressure耗气量air consumption 泄漏leakage内泄漏internal leakage 外泄漏external leakage层流laminar flow 紊流turbulent flow气穴cavitation 流量flow rate排量displacement 额定流量rated flow供给流量supply flow 流量系数flower factor滞环hysteresis 图形符号graphical symbol液压气动元件图形符号symbols for hydraulic and pneumatic components流体逻辑元件图形符号symbols for fluid logic devices逻辑功能图形符号symbols for logic functions 回路图circuit diagram压力-时间图pressure time diagram 功能图function diagram循环circle 自动循环automatic cycle工作循环working cycle 循环速度cycling speed工步phase 停止工步dwell phase工作工步working phase 快进工步rapid advance phase 快退工步rapid return phase 频率响应frequency response 重复性repeat ability 复现性reproducibility漂移drift 波动ripple线性度linearity 线性区linear region液压锁紧hydraulic lock 液压卡紧sticking变量泵variable displacement pump 泵的控制control of pump齿轮泵gear pump 叶片泵vane pump柱塞泵piston pump 轴向柱塞泵axial piston pump 法兰安装flange mounting 底座安装foot mounting液压马达hydraulic motor 刚度stiffness中位neutral position 零位zero position自由位free position 缸cylinder有杆端rod end 无杆端rear end外伸行程extend stroke 内缩行程retract stroke缓冲cushioning 工作行程working stroke负载压力induced pressure 输出力force实际输出力actual force 单作用缸single-acting cylinder 双作用缸double-acting cylinder 差动缸differential cylinder 伸缩缸telescopic cylinder 阀valve底板sub-plate 油路块manifold block板式阀sub-plate valve 叠加阀sandwich valve插装阀cartridge valve 滑阀slide valve锥阀poppet valve 阀芯valve element阀芯位置valve element position 单向阀check valve液控单向阀pilot-controlled check valve 梭阀shuttle valve压力控制阀pressure relief valve 溢流阀pressure relief valve顺序阀sequence valve 减压阀pressure reducing valve平衡阀counterbalance valve 卸荷阀unloading valve直动式directly operated type 先导式pilot-operated type机械控制式mechanically controlled type手动式manually operated type 液控式hydraulic controlled type 流量控制阀flow control valve 固定节流阀fixed restrictive valve可调节流阀adjustable restrictive valve单向节流阀one-way restrictive valve 调速阀speed regulator valve 分流阀flow divider valve 集流阀flow-combining valve 截止阀shut-off valve 球阀global(ball) valve针阀needle valve 闸阀gate valve膜片阀diaphragm valve 蝶阀butterfly valve噪声等级noise level 放大器amplifier模拟放大器analogue amplifier 数字放大器digital amplifier传感器sensor 阈值threshold伺服阀servo-valve 四通阀four-way valve喷嘴挡板nozzle flapper 液压放大器hydraulic amplifier颤振dither 阀极性valve polarity流量增益flow gain 对称度symmetry流量极限flow limit 零位内泄漏null(quiescent) leakage 遮盖lap 零遮盖zero lap正遮盖over lap 负遮盖under lap开口opening 零偏null bias零漂null drift 阀压降valve pressure drop 分辨率resolution 频率响应frequency response 幅值比amplitude ratio 相位移phase lag传递函数transfer function 管路flow line硬管rigid tube 软管flexible hose工作管路working line 回油管路return line补液管路replenishing line 控制管路pilot line泄油管路drain line 放气管路bleed line接头fitting;connection 焊接式接头welded fitting扩口式接头flared fitting 快换接头quick release coupling 法兰接头flange connection 弯头elbow异径接头reducer fitting 流道flow pass油口port 闭式油箱sealed reservoir油箱容量reservoir fluid capacity 气囊式蓄能器bladder accumulator 空气污染air contamination 固体颗粒污染solid contamination 液体污染liquid contamination 空气过滤器air filter油雾气lubricator 热交换器heat exchanger冷却器cooler 加热器heater温度控制器thermostat 消声器silencer双筒过滤器duplex filter 过滤器压降filter pressure drop有效过滤面积effective filtration area填料密封packing seal公称过滤精度nominal filtration rating径向密封radial seal压溃压力collapse pressure活塞密封piston seal机械密封mechanical seal防尘圈密封wiper seal;scraper 旋转密封rotary seal活塞杆密封rod seal复合密封件composite seal组合垫圈bonded washer压力表pressure gauge弹性密封件elastomer seal丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber;NBR聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethene;PTFE优先控制override control压力传感器electrical pressure transducer压差计 differential pressure instrument 液位计 liquid level measuring instrument 流量计 flow meter 压力开关 pressure switch 脉冲发生器 pulse generator 液压泵站 power station 空气处理单元 air conditioner unit 压力控制回路 pressure control circuit 安全回路 safety circuit 差动回路differential circuit调速回路 flow control circuit 进口节流回路 meter-in circuit 出口节流回路 meter-out circuit 同步回路 synchronizing circuit 开式回路 open circuit 闭式回路 closed circuit 管路布置 pipe-work 管卡 clamper 联轴器 drive shaft coupling 操作台 control console 控制屏 control panel 避震喉compensator粘度 viscosity 运动粘度 kinematic viscosity 密度 density 含水量 water content 闪点 flash point 防锈性rust protection抗腐蚀性 anti-corrosive quality便携式颗粒检测仪 portable particle counter Solenoid valve 电磁阀 Check valve单向阀Cartridge valve 插装阀 Sandwich plate valve 叠加阀Pilot valve 先导阀Pilot operated check valve液控单向阀Sub-plate mount 板式安装 Manifold block 集成块Pressure relief valve 压力溢流阀 Flow valve流量阀Throttle valve 节流阀Double throttle check valve 双单向节流阀Rotary knob 旋钮 Rectifier plate 节流板Servo valve 伺服阀 Proportional valve比例阀Position feedback 位置反馈Progressive flow渐增流量De-energizing of solenoid 电磁铁释放二、介质类Phosphate ester (HFD-R) 磷酸甘油酯Water-glycol (HFC) 水-乙二醇Emulsion乳化液Inhibitor缓蚀剂Synthetic lubricating oil 合成油三、液压安装工程Contamination污染Grout 灌浆Failure失效Jog 点动Creep爬行Abrasion 摩擦Retract(活塞杆)伸出Extension (活塞杆)缩回Malfunction 误动作Pickling 酸洗Flushing冲洗Dipping process 槽式酸洗Re-circulation循环Passivity 钝化Nitric acid 柠檬酸Argon 氩气Butt welding 对接焊Socket welding 套管焊Inert gas welding 惰性气体焊四、管接头Bite type fittings 卡套式管接头Tube to tube fittings 接管接头union直通接管接头union elbow 直角管接头union tee 三通管接头union cross 四通管接头Mal stud fittings 端直通管接头Bulkhead fittings 长直通管接头Weld fittings 焊接式管接头Female connector fittings 接头螺母Reducers extenders 变径管接头Banjo fittings 铰接式管接头Adjustable fittings/swivel nut 旋转接头五、伺服阀及伺服系统性能参数Dynamic response 动态频响Nozzle flapper valve 喷嘴挡板阀Dither 颤振电流DDV-direct drive valve 直动式伺服阀NFPA-National Fluid Power Association 美国流体控制学会Phase lag 相位滞后Servo-jet pilot valve 射流管阀Coil impedance 线圈阻抗Flow saturation 流量饱和Linearity线形度Symmetry 对称性Hysterics滞环Threshold 灵敏度Lap滞后Pressure gain 压力增益Null零位Null bias 零偏Null shift 零飘Frequency response 频率响应Slope曲线斜坡液压系统hydraulic system执行元件(actuator)液压缸cylinder液压马达(motor)液压回路circuit压力控制回路(pressure control)流量(速度)控制回路(speed control)方向控制回路(directional valve control)安全回路(security control)定位回路position control同步回路(synchronise circuit)顺序动作回路sequeunt circuit液压泵(pump)阀valve)压力控制阀(pressure valve流量控制阀(flow valve)方向控制阀(directional valve)液压辅件(accessory)普通阀(common valve)插装阀(cartridge valve)叠加阀(superimposed valve流体传动hydraulic power液压技术hydraulics 液力技术hydrodynamics气液技术hydropneumatics 运行工况operating conditions 额定工况rated conditions 极限工况limited conditions瞬态工况instantaneous conditions 稳态工况steady-state conditions 许用工况acceptable conditions连续工况continuous working conditions 实际工况actual conditions效率efficiency 旋转方向direction of rotation 公称压力nominal pressure 工作压力working pressure进口压力inlet pressure 出口压力outlet pressure压降pressure drop;differential pressure背压back pressure启动压力breakout pressure 充油压力charge pressure开启压力cracking pressure峰值压力peak pressure运行压力operating pressure 耐压试验压力proof pressure冲击压力surge pressure静压力static pressure系统压力system pressure控制压力pilot pressure充气压力pre-charge pressure 吸入压力suction pressure调压偏差override pressure额定压力rated pressure耗气量air consumption泄漏leakage内泄漏internal leakage外泄漏external leakage层流laminar flow紊流turbulent flow气穴cavitation流量flow rate排量displacement额定流量rated flow供给流量supply flow流量系数flower factor滞环hysteresis图形符号graphical symbol液压气动元件图形符号symbols for hydraulic and pneumatic components流体逻辑元件图形符号symbols for fluid logic devices逻辑功能图形符号symbols for logic functions回路图circuit diagram压力-时间图pressure time diagram功能图function diagram循环circle自动循环automatic cycle工作循环working cycle 循环速度cycling speed工步phase停止工步dwell phase工作工步working phase快进工步rapid advance phase 快退工步rapid return phase频率响应frequency response 重复性repeat ability复现性reproducibility 漂移drift波动ripple 线性度linearity线性区linear region 液压锁紧hydraulic lock液压卡紧sticking 变量泵variable displacement pump 泵的控制control of pump 齿轮泵gear pump叶片泵vane pump 柱塞泵piston pump轴向柱塞泵axial piston pump 法兰安装flange mounting底座安装foot mounting 液压马达hydraulic motor刚度stiffness 中位neutral position零位zero position 自由位free position缸cylinder 有杆端rod end无杆端rear end 外伸行程extend stroke内缩行程retract stroke 缓冲cushioning工作行程working stroke 负载压力induced pressure输出力force 实际输出力actual force单作用缸single-acting cylinder 双作用缸double-acting cylinder差动缸differential cylinder 伸缩缸telescopic cylinder阀valve 底板sub-plate油路块manifold block 板式阀sub-plate valve叠加阀sandwich valve 插装阀cartridge valve滑阀slide valve 锥阀poppet valve阀芯valve element 阀芯位置valve element position单向阀check valve 液控单向阀pilot-controlled check valve 梭阀shuttle valve 压力控制阀pressure relief valve溢流阀pressure relief valve 顺序阀sequence valve减压阀pressure reducing valve 平衡阀counterbalance valve卸荷阀unloading valve 直动式directly operated type先导式pilot-operated type机械控制式mechanically controlled type手动式manually operated type 液控式hydraulic controlled type 流量控制阀flow control valve 固定节流阀fixed restrictive valve可调节流阀adjustable restrictive valve单向节流阀one-way restrictive valve 调速阀speed regulator valve分流阀flow divider valve 集流阀flow-combining valve截止阀shut-off valve 球阀global(ball) valve针阀needle valve 闸阀gate valve膜片阀diaphragm valve 蝶阀butterfly valve噪声等级noise level 放大器amplifier模拟放大器analogue amplifier 数字放大器digital amplifier传感器sensor 阈值threshold伺服阀servo-valve 四通阀four-way valve喷嘴挡板nozzle flapper 液压放大器hydraulic amplifier颤振dither 阀极性valve polarity流量增益flow gain 对称度symmetry流量极限flow limit 零位内泄漏null(quiescent) leakage 遮盖lap 零遮盖zero lap正遮盖over lap 负遮盖under lap开口opening 零偏null bias零漂null drift 阀压降valve pressure drop分辨率resolution 频率响应frequency response幅值比amplitude ratio 相位移phase lag传递函数transfer function 管路flow line硬管rigid tube 软管flexible hose工作管路working line 回油管路return line补液管路replenishing line 控制管路pilot line泄油管路drain line 放气管路bleed line接头fitting;connection 焊接式接头welded fitting扩口式接头flared fitting 快换接头quick release coupling 法兰接头flange connection 弯头elbow异径接头reducer fitting 流道flow pass油口port 闭式油箱sealed reservoir油箱容量reservoir fluid capacity 气囊式蓄能器bladder accumulator空气污染air contamination 固体颗粒污染solid contamination液体污染liquid contamination 空气过滤器air filter油雾气lubricator 热交换器heat exchanger冷却器cooler 加热器heater温度控制器thermostat 消声器silencer双筒过滤器duplex filter 过滤器压降filter pressure drop有效过滤面积effective filtration area公称过滤精度nominal filtration rating压溃压力collapse pressure 填料密封packing seal机械密封mechanical seal 径向密封radial seal旋转密封rotary seal 活塞密封piston seal活塞杆密封rod seal 防尘圈密封wiper seal;scraper组合垫圈bonded washer 复合密封件composite seal弹性密封件elastomer seal 丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber;NBR 聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethene;PTFE优先控制override control压力传感器electrical pressure transducer压力表pressure gauge压差计differential pressure instrument压力开关pressure switch液位计liquid level measuring instrument液压泵站power station流量计flow meter脉冲发生器pulse generator空气处理单元air conditioner unit压力控制回路pressure control circuit安全回路safety circuit 差动回路differential circuit调速回路flow control circuit 进口节流回路meter-in circuit出口节流回路meter-out circuit 同步回路synchronizing circuit 开式回路open circuit 闭式回路closed circuit管路布置pipe-work 管卡clamper联轴器drive shaft coupling 操作台control console控制屏control panel 避震喉compensator粘度viscosity 运动粘度kinematic viscosity密度density 含水量water content闪点flash point 防锈性rust protection抗腐蚀性anti-corrosive quality便携式颗粒检测仪portable particle counterSolenoid valve 电磁阀Check valve 单向阀Cartridge valve插装阀Sandwich plate valve 叠加阀Pilot valve先导阀Pilot operated check valve 液控单向阀Sub-plate mount 板式安装Manifold block 集成块Pressure relief valve压力溢流阀Flow valve 流量阀Throttle valve节流阀Double throttle check valve 双单向节流阀Rotary knob旋钮Rectifier plate 节流板Servo valve 伺服阀Proportional valve 比例阀Position feedback位置反馈Progressive flow 渐增流量De-energizing of solenoid电磁铁释放二、介质类Phosphate ester (HFD-R)磷酸甘油酯Water-glycol (HFC)水-乙二醇Emulsion乳化液Inhibitor缓蚀剂Synthetic lubricating oil 合成油三、液压安装工程Contamination 污染Grout 灌浆Failure 失效Jog 点动Creep爬行Abrasion 摩擦Retract(活塞杆)伸出Extension (活塞杆)缩回Malfunction 误动作Pickling 酸洗Flushing 冲洗Dipping process 槽式酸洗Re-circulation 循环Passivity 钝化Nitric acid 柠檬酸Argon 氩气Butt welding 对接焊Socket welding 套管焊Inert gas welding 惰性气体焊四、管接头Bite type fittings 卡套式管接头Tube to tube fittings 接管接头union 直通接管接头union elbow 直角管接头union tee 三通管接头union cross 四通管接头Mal stud fittings 端直通管接头Bulkhead fittings 长直通管接头Weld fittings 焊接式管接头Female connector fittings 接头螺母Reducers extenders 变径管接头Banjo fittings 铰接式管接头Adjustable fittings/swivel nut 旋转接头五、伺服阀及伺服系统性能参数Dynamic response 动态频响DDV-direct drive valve 直动式伺服阀NFPA-National Fluid Power Association 美国流体控制学会Phase lag 相位滞后Nozzle flapper valve 喷嘴挡板阀Servo-jet pilot valve 射流管阀Dither 颤振电流Coil impedance 线圈阻抗Flow saturation 流量饱和Linearity 线形度Symmetry 对称性Hysterics 滞环Threshold 灵敏度Lap 滞后Pressure gain 压力增益Null 零位Null bias 零偏Null shift 零飘Frequency response 频率响应Slope 曲线斜坡液压系统(hydraulic system)执行元件(actuator)液压缸(cylinder)液压马达(motor)液压回路(circuit)压力控制回路(pressure control)流量(速度)控制回路(speed control)方向控制回路(directional valve control)安全回路(security control)定位回路(position control)同步回路(synchronise circuit)顺序动作回路(sequeunt circuit)液压泵(pump)阀(valve)压力控制阀(pressure valve)、流量控制阀(flow valve)方向控制阀(directional valve)液压辅件(accessory)普通阀(common valve)插装阀(cartridge valve)叠加阀(superimposed valve补充:一、阀类Solenoid valve 电磁阀Check valve 单向阀Cartridge valve 插装阀Sandwich plate valve 叠加阀Pilot valve 先导阀Pilot operated check valve 液控单向阀Sub-plate mount 板式安装Manifold block 集成块Pressure relief valve 压力溢流阀Flow valve流量阀Throttle valve节流阀Double throttle check valve 双单向节流阀Rotary knob旋钮Rectifier plate 节流板Servo valve 伺服阀Proportional valve比例阀Position feedback位置反馈Progressive flow 渐增流量De-energizing of solenoid电磁铁释放二、介质类Phosphate ester (HFD-R)磷酸甘油酯Water-glycol (HFC)水-乙二醇Emulsion乳化液Inhibitor缓蚀剂Synthetic lubricating oil 合成油三、液压安装工程Contamination污染Grout灌浆Failure失效Jog点动Creep爬行Abrasion摩擦Retract(活塞杆)伸出Extension(活塞杆)缩回Malfunction 误动作Pickling酸洗Flushing冲洗Dipping process 槽式酸洗Re-circulation循环Passivity钝化Nitric acid 柠檬酸Argon氩气Butt welding 对接焊Socket welding 套管焊Inert gas welding 惰性气体焊Re-circulation循环Passivity钝化Nitric acid 柠檬酸Argon氩气Butt welding 对接焊Socket welding 套管焊Inert gas welding 惰性气体焊四、管接头Bite type fittings 卡套式管接头Tube to tube fittings接管接头union 直通接管接头union elbow 直角管接头union tee 三通管接头union cross 四通管接头Mal stud fittings 端直通管接头Bulkhead fittings 长直通管接头Weld fittings 焊接式管接头Female connector fittings 接头螺母Reducers extenders 变径管接头Banjo fittings 铰接式管接头Adjustable fittings/swivel nut 旋转接头五、伺服阀及伺服系统性能参数Dynamic response 动态频响DDV-direct drive valve 直动式伺服阀NFPA-National Fluid Power Association 美国流体控制学会Phase lag 相位滞后Nozzle flapper valve 喷嘴挡板阀Servo-jet pilot valve 射流管阀Dither颤振电流Coil impedance 线圈阻抗Flow saturation 流量饱和Linearity线形度Symmetry 对称性Hysterics滞环Threshold灵敏度Lap滞后Pressure gain 压力增益Null零位Null bias 零偏Null shift 零飘Frequency response 频率响应Slope曲线斜坡Coil impedance 线圈阻抗Flow saturation 流量饱和Linearity 线形度Symmetry 对称性Hysterics 滞环Threshold 灵敏度Lap 滞后Pressure gain 压力增益Null 零位Null bias 零偏Null shift 零飘Frequency response 频率响应Slope 曲线斜坡。
英汉玻璃纤维和矿物棉词汇AAbbe refractometer 阿贝折射计Ablation resistance 耐烧蚀性Ablative plastics 烧蚀性塑料Abrasion resistance 烧蚀性预浸料ABS 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物Absolute black body 绝对黑体Absolute plate method 绝对平板法Absorbed water layer 吸附水层Accelerant 促进剂Accelerated ageing test 加速老化实验Accelerated resin 含有促进剂的树脂Accelerated weathering test加速耐侯性实验Accelerating agent 促进剂,加速剂Acceleration conveyor 加速输送机Accelerator 加速器ACCM 亚-澳复合材料会议Accumulator 存储器,蓄电池Acetylacetone peroxide 过氧化乙酰丙酮Acid dip process 酸浸法Acid refractory 酸性耐火材料ACM 先进复合材料Acoustic absorption coefficient 吸生系数Acoustic absorptivity 吸生系数Acoustic insulation 声绝缘Acoustic material 隔音材料Acoustic attenuation index 声衰减系数Acoustic board 吸声板Acoustic ceiling 吸声天花板Acoustic emission inspection 声发射检测Acoustic fabric 隔音织物Acoustic felt 吸声毡Acoustic intensity 声强级Acoustic panel 吸声板Acrylic resin 丙烯酸Acrylonitrile-butadienerubber 丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenecopolymer丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物Acrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate copolymer 丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物Acrylyl silane 丙烯酰硅烷Activation energy 活化能Activator 活化剂Active diluent 活性稀释剂Active filler 活性添料Active optical fibre 激活光纤Actibe toughener 活性增润剂Additive 添加剂Adhesion promotor 增粘剂Adhesive 粘合的Adhesive –bonded fabric 粘合织物Adhesive bonding 胶结Adhesive joint 胶结接头Adhesive strength 胶结强度Adhesive extrusion 绝热挤塑Advanced composites 先进复合材料Advanced fibers 高级纤维Advanced moulding compound高级模塑料Advanced textile performing 先进纺织预成型Advantex 无碱无硼玻璃纤维Aerocor 超细玻璃棉Aerocor process 火焰喷吹法Affinity 亲和性AFRP 芳纶纤维增强塑料After-burner 后燃器After-cure 后固化After-finishing 后处理After-treatment 后处理After-waxing 后上腊ageing-aging 老化Ageing period 老化期Ageing resistant agent 耐老化性AGFRP芳纶纤维混杂增强塑料A glass A玻璃ALAA 美国航空于航天学会Air-bag mould 气袋模Air blister 气泡Air blower 鼓风机Air blowing crown 喷风环Air bubble 气泡Air bubbler 鼓泡器Air cabinet 风套Air cavity 气窝Air cleaner 空气净化器Air cutter 风刀Air diffusion coefficient 空气扩散系数Air entrainment 夹气Air filter 空气过滤器Air handling insulations空气系统绝热制品Air-jet bulking 喷气膨化Air-jet commingled yarn 喷气复合纱Air-jet fibre attenuator 气流式纤维前伸器Air-jet loom 喷气织机Air-jet texturing 喷气变形Air knife 风刀Air nozzle 空气喷嘴Air penetration coefficient 空气渗透系数Air permeability 透气性Air plenum 风室Air pocket 气窝Air regenerator 空气蓄热室Air release 脱气Air reversal damper 空气换向闸板Air ring 风环Air slide conveyer 气动滑槽输送机Air stripping system 边壁吹风脱棉系统Air suction device 吸风装置Air-supported fabric structure 充气织物构筑物Air-supported fibre 空气间隙光纤Air-textured yarn 喷气变形纱Air trapping 夹气Aligned bundle 定位光纤束Aliphatic plasticizer 脂肪族增塑剂Alkali-free glass 无碱玻璃Alkali glass 含碱玻璃Alkali-resistant glass fibre 耐碱玻璃纤维Alkyd resin 醇酸树脂Alkyl imidazoline derivative 烷基咪锉咻衍生物Alkyltrichlorosilane 烷基三氯硅烷Alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride烷基三甲基氯化氨All-electric melter 全电熔窑All-glass optical fibre 全玻璃光纤Allowable slip angle 允许偏离角Allyl resin 烯丙基树脂Allyl resorcinol dichlorosilane 烯丙基间苯二酚二氯硅烷Allyl teichlorosilane 烯丙基三氯硅烷Alternating stress 应变能力Alumina borosilicate glass 铝硼硅酸盐玻璃Alumina fibre 氧化铝纤维Alumina hydrate 水合氧化铝Alumina refractory 氧化铝耐火材料Alumina-silica block 铝硅砖Alumina silicate glass 铝硅酸盐玻璃Alumina whisker 氧化铝晶须Alumine 氧化铝Aluminized fibre 涂铝纤维Aluminized fabric 铝铂贴面织物Aluminomagnesia glass 铝镁玻璃Aluminosilicate glass 铝硅酸盐玻璃Aluminozircofluoride glass fibre 铝锆氧化物玻璃Aluminum borate whisker 硼酸铝晶须Aluminum-coated glass fibre涂铝玻璃纤维Aluminum foil 铝铂Aluminum nitride whisker 氮化铝晶须Aluminum oxide fibre氧化铝纤维Aluminum silicate fibre 硅酸铝纤维Aluminum silicate wool 硅酸铝棉AMC 高级模塑料Amco-type tank furnace 双碹顶池窑Amide-imide polymer 酰胺-酰亚胺聚合物Amine curing agent 胺类固化剂Amine-functional silane 胺基硅烷Aminoalkoxysilane 氨基烷氧基硅烷Amino silane 氨基硅烷AMMC 丙烯腈Amylopectin 支链淀粉Amylose 直链淀粉Amyltrimethoxysilane 戊基三甲氧基硅烷AN 丙烯腈Anchor coat 粘固涂层Anchoring agent 粘固剂Andesite 安山石Anechoic test chamber无回声实验室Angled twill 人字斜纹Angle of wind 卷绕角angle-ply lamina 斜交铺层angle-ply laminate 斜交层合板angle-shaped arch 三角碹Angola process 安哥拉法Anhydride curing agent 酸酐类固化剂Anhydrous borax 无水硼砂Anhydrous boric acid 无水硼酸Aniline-formaldehyde resin苯胺-甲醛树脂Anion exchange resin 阴离子交换树脂An isotropic laminate 各向异性层合板Anisotropy 各向异性Annealing point 退火点Annealing zone 缓冷带Annular burner 环形燃烧器Annular bushing 圆形漏板Annular internal combustion burner 环形内燃喷嘴Anodic plate 阳极板Anti-ageing agent 防老化剂Antiager 防老化剂Anticorona tape 防晕带Anti-explosion cut-out 防爆阀Antimony white 锑白Antistat 抗静电剂Antistatic agent 抗静电剂Anvil roller 垫辊APC 先进塑料复合材料APMOC 俄罗斯产芳族聚酰胺纤维Apparent density 表观密度Apparent porosity 表观空隙率Apparent thermal conductivity 表观导热系数Apron applicator 带式涂油器Aqueous desizing 水洗脱油Aqueous size 水溶性浸润剂Aramid fibre 芳纶纤维Arbor press 冲压机Arc resistance 抗电弧性Arch 弓形Arch center碹胎Architectural fabric 建筑织物Architectural membrane 建筑模材Arch rib 碹股Arch rise 碹高Arch skewback 碹碴Arch span 碹跨Arch support 碹座Arch weight 面积体重Argil , argilla 陶土AR glass 耐碱玻璃Aromatic polyamide fibre 芳族聚酰胺纤维Arrow head twill 人字斜纹Arsenic white 砒霜Artificial ageing 人工老化Artificial cooling of cones 丝根强制冷却Artificial weathering 人工气候老化As-drawn fibre 刚拉伸纤维As-moulded 刚模塑成型的Aspect ratio 长径比,纵横比Asphalt-bonded blanket 沥青棉毡Asphalt felt 沥青毡Asphalt glass felt 玻璃纤维油毡Asphalt roll roofing 沥青屋面卷材A-stage resin 甲阶树脂ASHRAE 美国采暖,制冷和空调工程师学会ASTM 美国材料试验学会Atmospheric ageing 大气老化Atomizing air 雾化空气Atomizing air blower雾化风机Atomizing cone 雾化锥Atomizing nozzle 雾化喷嘴A TP 先进纺织预成形A TPF 先进热塑性预浸胶Attenuation 衰减,牵伸Attrition resistance耐磨耗性Autoclave 热压罐Autoclave moulding 热压罐成型Automated tape laying machine自动铺带机Automatic change-over 自动切换Automatic cop-changing loom 自动换纡机Automatic direct-roving winder 自动换筒直接无捻粗纱拉丝机Automatic indexing winder自动换筒拉丝机Automatic length counter 自动计长器Automatic level control页面自动控制Automatic marble feeder 自动加球机Automatic pressure control压力自动控制Automatic shuttle-changing loom 自动换梭织机Automatic tandem winder 自动换筒分拉拉丝机Automatic temperature control温度自动控制Automatic winder 自动络纱机Automotive headliner 汽车车头内Automotive hoodliner 汽车机罩内衬Automotive topliner汽车顶棚内衬Auto-orientation 自取向Autothermal extrusion 自热挤塑Auto turret winder 自动换卷机Autowinder 自动换筒拉丝机A VK-TV 增强塑料协会-技术联合会(德国)A VPD 轴向气相沉积法A VPO 轴向气相氧化发氧化法Axial load 轴向荷载Axial orientation 轴向取向Axial vapour-phase deposition process 轴向气相沉积法(制光纤)Axial vapour-phase oxidation process 轴向气相氧化发氧化法(制光纤)Axial winding 轴向缠绕(成型)Axisymmetrical winding 抽对称缠绕Azdel 美国产热塑性片状模塑料Azido silane 叠氮型硅烷Azobisisobutyronitrile 偶氮二异丁腈AZS 率锆硅三元系统耐火材料,锆刚玉Azzi-tsai-hill theory 阿滋-蔡-希尔理论BBack-beaming method 分批正经法Back bearer 后梁(织机)Back fire 回火Backing brick 衬砖Backing cloth 衬布Backing coat 底涂层Backing paper 衬纸Back rest 后梁(织机)Back-up refractory 背衬耐火材料Back-up roll 垫辊Bacteria resistance 抗菌性Bactericide 杀菌剂Baddeleite 斜锆石Baffle 挡板Bagged material袋装料膜袋Bagging film 膜袋Baghouse 袋滤室Bag mould 袋模Bag moulding 袋压成型Bag slitter 拆袋器Balanced cloth 均织布Balanced laminate 均衡层合板Balanced mould 对称模具Ba;amced symmetric laminate 均衡对称层合板Balanced twist 平衡捻Balanced-type isotension head contour 平衡型等张力封头曲面Ball and ring method 球环法Ball-burst test 钢球式顶破试验Ball impact test 落球冲击试验Balloistic fabric 防弹织物Ballistic impact test 冲击试验Ballistic tear test 冲击撕裂试验Ball mill 球磨Balloon 气球Balloon length 气圈高度Balloon breaker 气圈隔断器Balloon eliminator气圈消除器Balloon plate 气圈控制片Balloon separator 隔纱板Balsa wood 轻木(复合材料芯材)Banbury mixer 班伯里混炼机Bandage 绷带Bandwidth 带宽Barb , barbed needle 钩针Bare glass fibre 裸玻璃纤维Bare sleeve 白坯管Barite , barites 重晶石Barrel 机筒Barrier property 阻隔性能Bar screen 棒条筛Basalt 玄武石Basalt fibre 玄武石纤维Basalt wool 玄武石棉Base cloth 基布Base coat 底涂层Base glass , basic glass 基础玻璃Basic pattern 基本案图Basic refractory 碱性耐火材料Basic weave 基本组织Basic weight 基重Basic yarn 原丝Basket 多孔板Basket weave 方平组织Batch 配合料Batch agglomeration 配合料成团,配合料成块Batch bin 配合料仓Batch blanket 生料层Batch briquet 配合料块Batch briquetting 配合料压块Batch bucket 配合料斗Batch cake 配合料团Batch calculation 配料计算Batch can 配合料管Batch charger 投料机Batch charging end 投料端Batch component 配合料组分Batch composition 配合料组成Batch constituent 配合料组分Batch desizing oven 分批式脱油炉Batch distributor 布料器Batch dividing brick 分料砖Batch feeder 投料机Batch feeding pipe 加料管Batch flying 飞料Batch formula 配合料方Batch-free 生料熔尽的Batch handling 配合料装卸Batch hopper 配合料斗Batch house 配料房Batching drum 卷布滚筒Batching machine 卷布机Batching motion 布辊大卷装装置Batch ingredient 配合料组分Batch kneader 分批捏合机Batch layer 配合料层Batch lump 配合料块Batch mix 配合料Batch mixer 混料机Batch mixing 混料Batch moulding operation 分批成型作业Batch pellet 配合料粒Batch palletizing 配合料造粒Batch pile 配合料堆Batch plant 配料车间Batch process 分批法Batch scale 配料秤Batch scraper 刮料器Batch segregation 配合料分层Batch sheet 配料单Batch size 批量Batch stone 配合料结石Batch table 配料表Batch tower 塔式配合料仓Batch-type desizer 分批式脱油炉Batch-type drying oven 间歇式烘炉Batch plate 蓄电池极板Batch retainer sheet 蓄电池隔板Batch retainer sleeve 蓄电池固化管Batch separator 蓄电池隔板Batch separator mat蓄电池毡型隔板Battery separator sheet 蓄电池隔板Batt insulation 绝热毡Bauxite 铝矾土Bead 珠、熔珠、玻璃珠Beading down 挂炉滴料Beam 梁、经轴、光束Beam barrel 辊轴轴筒Beam creel 经轴架Beam disc 经轴边盘Beam doffer 落轴装置Beam doffing 落轴Beamed yarn 经轴纱Beamer 整经机Beam flange 经轴边盘Beam hanger device 吊轴装置Beaming 整经Beam presser 经轴压纱装置Beam stand 经轴架Beam storage rack 经轴贮架Bearing arch 承重碹Beater 打浆机Beating machine 打浆机Beating-up , beat-up 打纬Beefing-up 补强Be;t bucket elevator 带斗式提升机Belt burn-off 网带焚烧Belt conveyer 皮带输送机Belted tire 带束轮胎Belt feeder 皮带给料机Belt-type size applicator 带式涂油器Bending creep弯曲蠕变Bending endurance test弯曲耐久试验Bending fatigue 弯曲疲劳Bending modulus 弯曲模量Bending strength 弯曲强度Bending-twisting coupling 弯扭耦合Beneficiated slag 精选矿渣Bentonite 膨润土Benzene sulfonyl chloride 苯磺酰氯Benzoyl peroxide 过氧化苯酰氯Beta fibre 贝它纤维Beta yarn 贝它纱Beveled insulation lag 斜切绝热套BFRP 硼纤维增强塑料Bias-belted-ply 斜胶交带束窗布层Bias-belted tire 斜交带束轮胎Bias crossing 斜交Bias cutting 斜切Bias filling , bias weft 纬斜Bias-ply tire 斜交帘布轮胎Bias strip 斜裁布条Biaxial fabric 双轴向织物Biaxial winding 双轴向缠绕Bicomponent composite fibre 二元复合纤维Bicomponent glass fibre 双组分玻璃纤维Bidirectional lamina 双向铺层Bidrectional laminate 双向层合板Bifibre composite 双纤维增强复合材料Bifunctional structure unit 双官能结构单元Birurcated optical fibre 分支光纤Bin 料仓Bin activator 仓壁震动器Binary glass 二元玻璃Binary phosphate glass fibre 二元磷酸盐玻璃Binder 粘合剂Binder application 施加粘合剂Binder application section 施胶段Binder applicator 施胶器Binder content 粘合剂含量Binder nozzle 粘结剂喷嘴Binder spray 喷粘结剂Binder agent 粘结剂Binder steel 钢结构Binding strength 粘接强度Bin discharger 料仓卸料器Bin level indicator 料仓料位指示器Bioglass, biological glass 生物玻璃Bi-orientation双取向Birefringence fibre 双折射光纤Bismaleimide 双马来酰亚胺bisphenol 双酚Abitruder 双螺杆挤塑器bituminized kraft paper 沥青牛皮纸black body 黑体blanket 毯blanket batch charger 毯式投料机blanket insulation 绝热毯blast 喷气,气流,爆炸blast attenuation process 气流吹拉法blast furnace slag 高炉矿渣bleeder 泄放器bleeder cloth 吸胶布bleeding 吸除blend 混合blend composition 共混料blended fabric 混纺织物blended yarn 混纺纱blender 混合器blending bin, blending silo 混料仓blister 气泡block insulation 绝热板,棉板block press 模压机blower鼓风机blowing agent 发泡机blowing chamber 沉降室blow(ing) moulding 吹塑blowing wool 喷涂棉blown fibre mat 喷吹纤维毡blown insulation喷吹成型绝热材料BMC 块状模塑料BMI双马来酰亚胺Board insulation 绝热板Bobbin 筒管Bobbin creel 筒子架Bobbin winder 络筒机Bobbin yarn筒管纱Bodying 加厚Boiling test 煮沸试验Bonded AZS 烧结锆刚玉Bonded joint 胶结接头Bonded mat 粘接毡Bonded energy 键合能Booster 增压器Booster flame 辅助火焰Boosting 增压,加速Boost melting 电助熔Borax 硼砂Borax decahydrate 十水硼砂Borax pentahydrate 五水硼砂Borescope 管道镜Boric acid 硼酸Boric anhydride 硼酐Borocalcite 硼钙石Boromagnesite 硼镁石Boron-amine complex 硼胺络合物Boron carbide whisker 炭化硼晶须Boron fibre 硼纤维Boron-free alkali-free glass fibre 无硼无碱玻璃纤维Boron-phenolic resin 硼酚醛树脂Borosilicate glass 硼硅酸盐玻璃Borsic fibre 涂有炭化硅的硼纤维Boss 凸台,浮雕Bottom beam 底梁Bottom hatch 底门Boundary 边界Boundary diffusion 界面扩散Boundary element 边界元Boundary layer 边界层Bounded flow 约束流动Bowed yarn 弓纱Bowl brick 托碗砖Box-shaped segment 拉丝机头Bracing 支撑,拉条Bracing channel 支撑槽钢Braid 编织,编织物Braid architecture 编织结构Braided cable jacket 编织电缆护套Braided fabric 编织物Braided glass packing 编织玻璃纤维盘根Braided perform 编织预形坯Braided sleeve 编织套管Braided tape 编织带Braided tubing 编织管Braiding machine 编织机Brass wire traverse 铜丝排线器Brattice cloth 风障布Breakdown 破裂,分解Breakdown voltage 击穿电压Breaking elongation 断裂伸长Breaking load 断裂荷载Breaking strength 断裂强度Breaking tenacity 断裂强度Breast beam 胸梁Breast wall 胸墙Breathability 透气性Breather 透气装置Brick grade 砖号Bridge bond 桥键Bridge conveyor过桥输送机Bridge oxygen 桥氧Bridge wall 桥墙Bridging 桥架Bridging forehearth 过渡通路Brinell hardness 布氏硬度Briquette 料块Briquetting 造块,压块Brittle fracture 脆裂Brittleness 脆性Broad fabric 宽幅织物Broken ends 断头Broken fillingt 断纬Broken satin 破缎纹Broken selvedge 破边Broken tracer yarn 不连续的示踪纱Broken twill 破斜纹Broken warp 断经Broken weave 稀弄???????????Brookfield viscometer 布氏黏度计Brush roller 刷辊BSG 硼硅酸盐玻璃Btu 英热单位Bubble 气泡Bubbler 鼓泡器Bubbler tube 鼓泡管Bucket 料斗Bucket elevator 斗式提升机Buckling 纵向弯曲Buckling strength 屈曲强度Buckstay 立柱Buckstay heel 立柱柱脚Buffer 缓冲Builder 组分,成型机构Builder Cam 成型凸轮Builder motion 成型运动Building membrane 建筑模材Built-in colour 内含色彩Built-in lubrication 内在润滑Built-up mould 组合模具Built-up roofing 组合式屋顶Bulk density 体积密度Bulked yarn 彭化变形纱Bulk factor 体积系数Bulk factor of moulding compound 模塑料压缩比Bulk fibre 散纤维Bulkglass 块状玻璃Bulkiness 彭松性Bulking 彭化变形Bulking effect 彭化效应Bulking filler 增量填料Bulking machine 彭化机Bulking value 比体积Bulk modulus 体积模量Bulk moulding compound 块状模塑料Bulk refractory 散装耐火材料Bulk specific gravity 散装比重Bulk wool 散棉Bulk yarn 彭松纱Bulk-resistant panel 防弹板Buna 布钠橡胶Buna-S 布钠Bunchy yarn 竹节纱Bundle cable 束式光缆Bundle jacket 光纤束护套Bundle strength 纤维束强度Bunker 料仓Bunker oil 船用油Bunker yard 贮料场Burner 燃烧器Burner block 烧嘴砖Burner nozzle 燃烧喷嘴Burner orifice 喷火口Burner tile 烧嘴砖Burner tip 烧嘴Burning point 着火点Burning resistance 耐燃性Burnt dolomite 煅烧白云石Burnt lime 烧石灰Burr 毛刺Burst (ing) strength 爆破强度Bursting rod 分绞棒Bushing 漏板Bushing assembly 漏板组合体Bushing baseplate 漏板底板Bushing block 漏板砖Bushing cooling coil 漏板冷却水封Bushing design 漏板设计Bushing ears 漏板耳朵Bushing electrics 漏板电器Bushing fabrication 漏板制造Bushing forehearth 作业通路Bushing frame 漏板托架Bushing lid 坩埚盖Bushing lugs 漏板耳朵Bushing nozzle 漏嘴Bushing orifice 漏孔Bushing partition 拉丝炉位隔板Bushing position 拉丝炉位Bushing pull rate 漏板出料率Bushing separation panel 拉丝炉位隔板Bushing setting refractories 漏板安装耐火材料Bushing terminals 漏板端子Bushing throughput 漏板出料率Bushing tip 漏嘴dip蘸Bushing transformer 漏板变压器Butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber 丁二烯-丙烯腈橡胶Butadiene-styrene rubber 丁二烯-苯乙烯橡胶Butadiene-pyridine latex 丁二烯-吡啶乳胶Butterfly 排线器Burrerfly offset 排线器与机头中心水平距离Butt joint 对接Butyl benzyl phthalate 邻苯二甲酸丁-苄酯Butyl rubber 丁基橡胶CCable 电缆Cabled yarn 多次并捻纱Cabling 多次并捻Cable run 光缆主干CAF (美国)复合材料制造厂协会Cage mill 笼式粉碎机Cake 丝饼Cake conditioning 丝饼调理Cake conveyor 丝饼输送机Cake drying oven 丝饼烘干炉Cake trolley 丝饼车Cake winder 拉丝机Calcined alumina 煅烧氧化铝Calcined gypsum 烧石灰Calcite 方解石Calcium-aluminum-orosilicate glass 钙率硼硅酸盐玻璃Calcium silicate 硅酸石Calcspar 方解石calendaring roll 压延辊calumite 卡罗马特矿渣campaign 窑龄campaign melting efficiency 周期熔化效率cam shedding 踏盘开口cam traverse 排线凸轮canal 过渡通路canal block 通路砖cantilever beam impact test 悬臂梁式冲击试验cantilever stiffness test 悬臂法刚度试验capstan roll 牵引辊caramelized fabric 部分热清洗织物carbon-carbon composites 碳/碳复合材料carbon cloth 碳布carbon felt 碳粘carbon fibre 碳纤维carbon fibre composite 碳纤维复合材料carbonization , carbonization 碳化carbonized fibre 碳化纤维carbon roller 石墨辊carborundum brick 碳化硅砖cardable fibre 可梳理纤维carpet backing 地毯底布carpet plot 毯式曲线carrier fabric 底布carrier film 承载膜carrier roll 支承辊cartridge filter 筒式过滤器castable refractory 浇注耐火材料castables 浇注料casting 浇注成型casting compound 铸塑料casting machine 铸塑机casting resin 注塑用树脂casting tape 绷带cast moulding 浇铸成型catalyst 催化剂Catalyst accelerator 催化加速剂Catalystic curing 催化固化Catalyzer 催化剂Catch cord 捕纬边线Catch selvedge 废边Catch selvedge cutter 开边剪Catenary 悬曲线Catenary-free roving 无垂感无捻粗纱Caterpillar haul-off 履带式牵引机Cathodic plate 阴极板Cation exchange resin 阳离子交换树脂Cationic methacrylato-functional silane 阳离子甲基丙烯酸硅烷Cationic silane 阳离子型硅烷Cationic starch 阳离子型淀粉Cationic surfactant 阳离子型表面活性剂Cationic wetting agent阳离子型润湿剂Caulk 嵌缝胶Caul plate 均压板CCL 覆铜板Cellular structure 多孔结构Cellulosic pulp 纤维素纸浆Cem-FIL 赛姆菲尔纤维Central screw extruder 中心螺杆式挤塑机Centrifugal blower 离心式鼓风机Centrifugal casting 离心浇铸Centrifugal process 离心法Centrifugal rotor 离心头Centrifugal spinner 离心机Centrifuging disk 离心盘Centrifuging distributor 离心分配器Cerafibre 硅酸铝棉Ceramic crucible 陶瓷坩埚Ceramic fibre 陶瓷纤维Ceramic matrix composites 陶瓷基复合材料Ceramic whisker 陶瓷晶须Ceramic wool 陶瓷棉Ceramoplastic, ceraplast 陶瓷纤维增强塑料Certificated transfer specimen 标准传递用品CF 碳纤维CFA (美国)复合材料加工厂协会CFM 连续纤维毡CFRP碳纤维增强热塑性塑料CFRTP碳纤维增强热塑性塑料C glass C玻璃Chaff 雷达干扰屑Chain bucket elevator 链斗式提升机Chain conveyor 链式输送机Chain(link) belt 链带Chain stitch 链式针迹Chalcogendie glass fibre 硫族玻璃光纤Chalking 起霜Chamotte 耐火黏土熟料Channel 通路Channel block 通路砖Channeling 沟流形成Charge 炉料,投料Charge level 投料料位Charger 投料机,充电器Charging end 投料端Charging-end bin 窑头料仓Charging hopper 加料斗Charging opening 加料口Charpy impact strength 摆锤式冲击强度Charpy(impact) test 摆锤式冲击试验Chaser mill 轮辗机Checker brickwork 个子砖Cheese 纱筒Chemical adsorption 化学吸附Chemical bonded mat 化学粘结毡Chemical coupling 化学偶联Chemical resistance 耐化学性Chemical stability 化学稳定性Chemical vapour deposition process 化学气相沉积法Chemical vapour oxidation process 化学气相氧化法Chimney arch 烟囱碹Chimney draft 烟囱抽力China clay 瓷土Chipped surface 爆皮Chlorendic anhydride 氯菌酸酐Chlorinated paraffin, chloroparaffin 氯化石蜡Chlorinated rubber 氯化橡胶Chloroprene rubber氯丁橡胶Chlorosilane 氯代硅烷Choledochoscope 胆道镜Chop-out die 冲切模Choppability 短切性Chopped fibre composites 短切纤维复合材料Chopped strand mat 短切原丝毡Chopped strands 短切原丝Chopped strands dryer 短切原丝烘干机Chopper 短切机Chopper gun 组合喷枪Chopping machine 短切机Chopping roving 短切用无捻粗纱Chrome brick 铬砖Chrome complex 铬络合物Chrome finish 铬处理剂Chromel(alloy) 铬镍合金Chrome-nickel alloy 铬镊合金Chrome oxide refractory 氧化铬耐火材料Chute feeder 溜槽给料机Circuit 绕程Circuit per layercir 每层绕程Circular burner 环行喷嘴Circular filter cloth 圆筒过滤布Circular knit 圆筒形针织物Circular saw 圆锯Circular winding 环向缠绕Circumferential twisting 圆周加捻Circumferential winding 环向缠绕CIRTM 共注射树脂传递模塑Clad 覆盖Cladded optical fibre 包层光纤Cladding 包层Cladding glass 包层玻璃Clad silica fibre 包层石英光纤Clamping roll 夹辊Caly 粘土Clay block 粘土大砖Clay brick 粘土砖Clay crucible 粘土坩埚Cleanout 清理Clear coating 透明涂层Clearness 透明度Clear shed 清晰梭口Clear sheet 透明片材Cleavage 分裂Clip rapier挟持式剑杆Closed cell structure 闭孔结构Closed mould 闭合式模具Closed moulding 闭模成型Closing ram 闭模活塞Cloth beam 卷布轴Cloth doffing 落布Cloth feeder 喂布装置Cloth guide 导布装置Cloth inspecting machine 验布机Cloth inspecting table 验布台Cloth inspection 验布Cloth jointing machine 布接头机Cloth laminate 布基层压板Cloth roll 布卷Cloth roller 卷布辊Cloth roll-up 卷布CMC 陶瓷基复合材料Co-acting roller process 对轮法Coarse crusher 粗碎机Coarse crushing 粗碎Coarse end 粗经Coarse filling 粗纬Coat 涂层Coated fabric 涂层织物Coated optical fibre 涂层光纤Coated yarn 涂层纱Coating 涂层,涂料Coating compound 涂料Coating fabric 涂层基布Coaxial glass fibre 同轴玻璃纤维Cobalt naphthenate环烷酸钴Cobalt naphthoate 萘甲酸钴Cobweb whisker 蛛丝状晶须Cocatalyst 共催化剂Cocure, cocuring 共化剂Coefficient of air excess 空气过剩系数Coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数Coefficient of cubic expansion 体膨胀系数Coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数Coefficient of heat accumulation 蓄热系数Coefficient of heat conductivity 导热系数Coefficient of heat transfer 传热系数Coefficient of linear expansion 线膨胀系数Coefficient of linear thernal expansion 线热膨胀系数Coefficient of looseness 松散系数Coefficient of mutual influence 互影响系数Coefficient of performance 有效系数Coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数Coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数Coefficient of thermal storage 蓄热系数Coefficient of viscous traction 粘性牵伸系数Coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion 体积热膨胀系数Coextrusion 共挤塑Coherence, coherency 相干Coherent bundle 相干光纤束Cohesion 内聚Cohesion beween layers 层间内聚力Cohesive failure 内聚失效Cohesiveness 内聚能力Coil 纱圈Coil ratio 纱圈卷绕比Coil slippage 脱圈Co-injection 共注塑Co-injection resin transfer moulding 共注射树脂传递模塑Cold bridge 冷桥Cold compression moulding 冷压成型Cold-cure 冷固化Cold-curing 冷固化Cold moulding 冷模塑Cold press冷压Cold press moulding 冷压成型Cold punching 冷冲压Cold setting 冷固化Colemanite 硬硼钙石Collecting reed 集束筘Collection chamber 沉降室Collection conveyor 集棉输送机Collet机头Collet amplitude 机头振幅Collet bladder 机头涨圈Collet body 机头本体Collet segment 机头滑块Collet-traverse speed ratio 成型速比Collimated roving 并饶无捻粗纱Colloid 胶体Colloidal silica 胶体二氧化硅Colonoscope 肠镜Color, colour 颜色Colorant, colourant 着色剂Colouring,colouring 着色Colourability 着色性Colour compound 色料Colour consistency 颜色一致性Coloured glass fibre 着色玻璃纤维Coloured yarn 染色纱Colour fading 褪色Colour fastness 色牢度Colour fastness to light 耐光色牢度Colour fastness to sunlight 耐日晒色牢度Colouring agent 着色剂Colour paste 色料糊Colour stain 色斑Column press柱式压机Comb 多槽集束器Combination fabric 复合织物Combination mat 复合毡Combination mould 组合式模具Combination yarn 组合纱Combined fabric 复合织物Combined mat 复合毡Combined stress 复合应力Combustibility 可燃性Combustibility rating 可燃性等级Combustible matter content 可燃物含量Combustion air 助燃空气Combustion air blower 助燃风机Combustion chamber 助燃室Combustion intensity 燃烧强度Combustion space 火焰空间Combustion-supporting air 助燃空气Comingled fibre 复合纤维Comingled roving 复合无捻粗纱Comingled yarn 复合纱Common brick 普型砖Co-moulded 共模塑的Compact winding 紧密缠绕Compaction roll 压实辊Comparative plate method 比较平板法Compartment silo 分隔式筒仓Compatibility 相溶性Compatibilizer 相容剂Compatible plasticizer 相溶性增塑剂Compensated optical fibre 补偿光纤Complex catalyst 配位催化剂Complex dielectric constant 复数介电常数Complex modulus 复数模量Compliance 柔量Compliance matrix 柔量矩阵Compliance matrix element 柔量矩阵元素Composite 复合材料Composite curing agent 复合固化剂Composite fabric 复合织物Composite fibre 复合纤维Composite filter paper 复合滤纸Composite insulation 复合绝热材料Composite material 复合材料Composite mould 什锦模具Composite moulding 复合材料成型Composite wood 复合木材Composite yarn 复合纱Compound 混配Compounded resin 配混树脂Compounder 配混机Compound-glass optical fibre 多组分玻璃光纤Compound-glass process 复合玻璃法Compounding additives 混配添加剂Compounding ratio 配混比Compound needle 复合针Compound yarn 股线Compressibility 压缩性Compression creep 压缩蠕变Compression deformation 压缩变形Compression factor 压缩系数Compression moulding 模压成型Compression moulding compound 模压料Compression press 压塑压机Compression ram 压塑柱塞Compression resistance 耐压性Compression roll 压辊Compression set 压缩变形Compressive fatigue 压缩疲劳Compressive modulus 压缩模量Compressive resilience 压缩回弹法Compressive strength 压缩强度Compulsion type mixer 快速强制混合机Computer-aided filament winding 计算机辅助纤维缠绕成型Concentrated load 集中荷载Concentric tubular fabric 同心管状织物Conditioned weight 公量Conditioning oil 调节油Conditioning zone 温度调节区Conductive cabling for spark plugs 火花塞导电缆Conductive clothing 导电服Conductive coating 导电涂层Conductive yarn 导电纱Cone 圆锥体Cone crusher 圆锥破碎机Cone gate 椎形浇口Cone mill 椎形磨Cone package 宝塔纱Cone screen 椎形筛Cone winder 宝塔纱络纱机Confidence coefficient 置信系数Confidence interval 置信区间Configuration temperature 构型温度Configuration unit 构型单元Conformability 适应性Conformable fabric 可贴合织物Confusor 管导片Confusor orifice 管导片口Congruent melting 一致熔Conical 3-4D fabric 椎形三维织物Conical screw extruder 椎形螺杆挤塑机Conjugate glass fibre 复合玻璃纤维Connector forehearth 过渡通路Consistency 一致性Consistency variables 稠度变量Constant linear speed 恒线速Constant load 恒定荷载Constantan 康铜Constituent 组分Constitutional unit 结构单元Constructed roving 合股无捻粗纱Contact adhesive 接触黏合剂Contact angle for wetting 浸润接触角Contact lay-up moulding 接触铺叠成型Contact moulding 接触低压成型Contact resin 触压树脂Contact mouldability 接触成型性Contamination of platinum 铂中毒Continuous corrugated panel moulding 波板连续型Continuous fibre 连续性纤维Continuous filament 连续纤维Continuous filament mat 连续纤维毡Continuous filament yarn 连续纤维纱Continuous flat panel moulding 平板连续成型Continuous glass fibre 连续玻璃纤维Continuous laminating 连续层压Continuous panel manufacture 连续制板Continuous pultrusion 连续式拉挤成型Continuous strand mat 连续原丝毡Contour fabric 仿行织物Convection coefficient 对流系数Convention moisture regain 公定回潮率Coverging flow 渐缩流Coverter winder 变频拉丝机Conveyer 输送机Conveyor 输送机Conveyer belt 输送带Conveyer oven 传送式固化炉Cooker 蒸煮器Cooking kettle 煮浆桶Cooling coil 冷却盘管Cooling disk 冷却溜盘Cooling end 冷却部Cooling fin 冷却片Cooling jacket 冷却套Cooling rate curve 冷却速率曲线Cooling section 冷却段Cooling zone 冷却区Co-ordinate covalent bond 配位共价键Co-ordinate polyhedron 配位多面体Cop 管纱cop changer 自动换纡机构Cop changing loom 自动换纡织机Copper bowl 铜碗Copper-clad laminate 覆铜板Cop winder 卷纬机Cord 绳Cordage 绳,索Cord fabric 帘布Cord lays 帘布层Cordierite 堇青石Core 芯Core crush 芯子压扁Core depression 芯子凹陷Core glass 纤芯玻璃Core-to-cladding interface 纤芯与包层的界面Corhart block 铁砖Corhart-Zac block 电熔锆莫来石砖Corner block 拐角砖Corona resistance 耐电晕性Coronizing 高温定纹Corrosion cracking 腐蚀开裂Corrosion resistance 耐腐蚀性Corrugated panel 波纹板Corundum block刚玉砖Cotruder 双螺杆挤塑机Couette correction 库爱特校正数Coumaran resin 香豆满树脂Coumarone resin 香豆酮树脂Coumarone-indene resin 香豆酮-茚树脂Count 计数Counter-current cleanout 反吹风清灰Counterflow mixer 逆流式混合机Counter reel 纱框测长器Counter weight 平衡重锤Coupling 耦合Coupling agent偶联剂Coupling effect 耦合效应Coupling finish 偶联处理Coupling size 偶联浸润剂Coupon 试样Covalent bond 共价键Cover block 盖砖Cowinding 共缠绕Cowoven fabric 混织物C process C工艺Crack 裂纹Crack deflection 裂纹偏转Crack growth 裂纹增生Crack opening displacement 裂纹张开位移Crack pinning 裂纹钉扎Crack propagation 裂纹蔓延Crack resistance 抗裂性Crack shedding motion 曲柄开口运动Crawl speed 慢车速度Crazing 鬼裂Crease 折皱Crease resistance 抗皱性Creel 纱架Creel dryer 纱架干燥器Creel peg 插纱锭子Creep 蠕变Creep compliance 蠕变柔量Creep rate 蠕变速率Creep recovery 蠕变回复Creep rupture strength 蠕变断裂强度Cresol-formaldehyde resin 甲酚-甲醛树脂Cresol resin 甲酚树脂Crimp 卷取Critical extension ratio 临界牵伸比Critical fibre length 临界纤维长度Critical flow rate 临界流量Critical spinning temperature 临界拉丝温度Critical volume fraction 临界体积分数Critical bracing 横向支撑Cross-fired furnace 横火焰窑Cross flame 横火焰Crossing angle 交叉角Crossing effect 交叉效应Cross laminate交叉层合材料Crosslinkable plasticizer 可交联增塑剂Cross-link density 交联密度Cross-linker 交联剂Cross-linking agent 交联剂Cross-ply laminate 正交层合板Cross twill 破斜纹Cross twist 顺手捻Cross weave 纱罗组织Cross winder 交叉卷绕络纱机Cross winding 交叉缠绕Cross laminate 交向层合材料Cross-wound cheese 交叉卷绕纱筒Crowding effect 集群效应Crowfoot 乌足缎纹Crown 大碹Crown glass 冕牌玻璃CRTM 连续树脂传递模塑Crucible 坩埚Crude sand 原纱Crusher 破碎机Crush splicing 压嵌拼接Cryogenic insulation 保冷材料Cryolite 水晶石Crystalline fibre 晶质纤维Crystallinity 结晶性Crystallized glass fibre 微晶玻璃纤维CS 短切原丝CSM 短切原丝毡C stage resin C阶树脂Cube dicer 方粒切粒机Cubic wool 方块棉Cullet 碎玻璃Cumulative weighing 累积称量Cumyl hudroperoxide 过氧氢化异丙苯Cupola 冲天炉Cupola mantle 冲天炉壳体Cure 固化,塑化Cure characteristics 固化特性Cure cycle 固化周期Cure degree 固化度Cure index 固化指数Cure period 固化期Cure shrinkage 固化收缩Curing agent 固化剂Curing behavior 固化特性Curling carriage 固化用车Curing catalyst 固化催化剂Curing mechanism 固化机理Curing oven 固化炉Curing rate 固化速率Curing reaction 固化反应Curing tunnel 隧道式固化炉Curled edge 卷边Curled glass fibre 卷取玻璃纤维Curled selvedge 卷边Curtain coater 水幕式施胶器Curtain fabric 窗帘织物Curtain wall 吊墙。
Contributed PaperManuscript received August 11, 2005 0098 3063/05/$20.00 © 2005 IEEEAutomatic Sensor and Mechanical Shutter Calibrationfor Digital Still CamerasWen-Chung Kao, Member , IEEE, Chin-Ming Hong, and Sheng-Yuan Lin, Member , IEEEAbstract — We present an embedded software-based automatic calibration system for high-end digital still cameras. By using electronic shutter associated with charge-coupled device (CCD), the system can be used to calibrate the characteristics of the sensor, the mechanical shutter, and the lens accurately. It has been built in several camera models and applied on a practical mass production line. The calibration time for each camera is less than 30 seconds and the calibrated cameras can get very high precision parameters for controlling image capture function 1.Index Terms — Digital still camera, calibration, CCD sensor, mechanical shutter.I. INTRODUCTIONAlthough many good color image processing algorithms [1] and hardware architectures [2] have been proposed for CCD-based high resolution digital still cameras (DSCs), very few papers addressed the issues of automatic system calibration in mass production line [3], [4]. The final picture quality highly depends on several characteristics of the image sensors: (a) the variations of channel sensitivity for different channels, (b) the sensor saturation voltage in preview and capture modes, (c) the effective aperture ratio for different F number of the lens, (d) the percentage of lens falloff as well as the best active window aligned with the sensor, (e) the photo response non-uniformity among the different pixels of the same sensor, (f) bad pixels identification, and (g) the extra DC voltage generated by the sensor dark current and circuit offset. It is unlikely to have good images if one of the above items is not calibrated accurately or removed.In this paper, we propose a complete embedded software-based automatic calibration system based on a robust embedded software platform for camera systems [5]. Each camera can be calibrated in the production line without connecting to any computers, thus the number of computer based test fixtures needed is drastically reduced. In many cases the same test environment can accommodate several cameras to perform calibration simultaneously. If calibration data need to be collected for statistical analysis, they can either be stored on the camera or on a memory card. It is always possible to1This work was supported by the National Science Council, R.O.C., underGrants NSC93-2215-E-002-010/009.Wen-Chung Kao and Chin-Ming Hong are with Institute of Applied Electronic Technology and Department of Industrial Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, R.O.C. (email: jungkao@.tw).Sheng-Yuan Lin is now with Research and Development Department,Foxlink Image Technology Corporation, Taiwan, R.O.C. (email: malcolm.lin@).upload these data at a final quality control station. This systemincreases the throughput dramatically and reduces the mistakes made in the production line. In the following sections, we will first describe the system flow and then discuss the detailed calibration methods for the major two calibration items.II. C ALIBRATION F LOWFig. 1 shows the calibration flow of the proposed system. Since the program is embedded in the camera, the camera can run these five steps automatically. The only equipment needed for these calibration items is a standard light box that provides stable and uniform light. The intensity and color temperature of the light box needs to be measured and calibrated periodically. The design methodology of this camera calibration flow is based on the following observations: (a) The captured raw data contain DC components caused by sensor dark current and other offset voltage inherent in the analog circuits. These components must be removed before the data can be used for other calibration processes. Even though many commercially available analog front end processors can already provide very good performance in reducing the effect of optical black level, it is still a good practice to verify the result and hence this step is performed as the first one. (b) Minimum automatic gain control (AGC) setting is to find the linear region of the opto-electronic conversion function (OECF) of the sensor response for preview and capture modes,respectively, in order for the sensor to provide highest dynamic range for image capture. However, to make sure the still image capture operation can work correctly, it is necessary to calibrate mechanical shutter delay before performing minimum AGC setting calibration. (c) Mechanical shutter delay calibration must be executed for all aperture sizes, since the associated mechanical shutter delays are different. Hencethe captured raw data can also be used for aperture ratio calculation. (d) The sensor white balance calibration must rely on accurate AGC setting to prevent the sensor from operating in the nonlinear region. Thus the calibration of minimum AGC setting should be performed before calibrating sensor white balance. (e) Active window adjustment can be combined with sensor white balance calibration because the optimal exposure time and gain setting has been determined in this stage. (f) The bad pixel identification stage is carried out in the last step because its exposure condition must be well-controlled.For the black level, sensor white balance, active window, and bad pixel calibrations, it is only necessary to take one or two raw images for simple statistical analysis. We will focus on the discussions on the mechanical shutter delay and minimum AGC setting calibrations in the following three sections.III. M ECHANICAL S HUTTER D ELAY C ALIBRATIONRP VDMS T D_MS :Mechanical shutter delay timeT W_MS :Mechanical shutter control signal wait time T EE :Electronic shutter exposure time T E_MS :Mechanical shutter exposure time T VD :VD cycle timeFig. 2. Typical CCD exposure timingTypical timing diagram of a CCD based digital still camera is shown in Fig. 2. For simplicity it can be assumed that theimage charges accumulated on the pixels is transferred to the vertical CCDs at the leading edge of the VD pulses. As long as the pixels are exposed to the incident light, the image chargeswill be accumulated. The amount of charges is proportional to the exposure time. It can be seen that normally the exposure time is roughly the period of the cyclic VD pulses. A shortereffective exposure time can be achieved with the electronicshutter. The electronic shutter is composed of a sequence of reset pulses (RP), which will clear the image chargesaccumulated on the pixels. With consecutive RPs, the image charges stored on the pixels will be cleared until the last RP finishes. From the last RP to the instant, the final imagecharges are transferred to the vertical CCDs is the effectiveelectronic shutter time. In high resolution commercial digital still cameras, the vertical CCDs are not able to transfer the entire array of image charges effectively. Consequently, the image array is usuallysplit into two or more fields. In each field only a portion of thepixels are transferred to the outside through the vertical CCDs.Under such conditions, when the first field is being read out, the second field is still exposed to the incident light. This will result in uneven exposure and the solution is to add a mechanical shutter to block the incident light completely. The result is a combination of electronic shutter to control the start of the exposure and mechanical shutter for the end of the exposure.RPFig. 3. Shutter closure and delay timeTypical mechanical shutter (MS) is driven by a solenoid whose speed is finite as shown in Fig. 3. There is a delay time associated with the MS because the solenoid needs to accumulate enough energy to overcome the static friction to move the shutter blades. In addition, the delay time and shutter closure time also vary from component to component. In real applications, if we plot the effective opening area of the mechanical shutter as a function of time, shutter closure curve can be approximated by a slanted line L CL as shown in Fig. 3. The time from 90% to 10% of the full opening of the mechanical shutter is usually called the closure time TCL . By assuming that area A is approximately equal to area B, the closure of the MS can be replaced with an equivalent perfect shutter at the instant of 50% of full opening, which is represented by the vertical line L P in Fig. 3. The effective exposure time contains two parts, one is the time T ES that the mechanical shutter remains completely open, and the other is roughly T CL /2. In normal applications, the reset pulses should not enter the shutter closure period.G AVeezEEFig. 4. Shutter characteristicSince the output of the CCD is proportional to the effective exposure amount, which is the product of the shutter time,light intensity and the effective opening of the mechanical shutter, it is possible to use the output of the CCD to measure the opening of the mechanical shutter. For longer exposure time, the variation in T CL is much smaller than T ES and the effective exposure time is controlled by the electronic shutter as shown in Fig. 4, where average value of green pixels at the center window of the sensor is plotted against different electronic shutter time. The lens is assembled with the CCD sensor and the module is placed in front of a uniform light source with proper light intensity. It is generally assumed that the CCD output level is proportional to the effective shutter time. In Fig. 4 the result is represented as line L1, which can be used to calculate the mechanical shutter delay time.Fig. 5. Extremely short shutter timeWhen the shutter time is extremely short such that the last RP falls within the shutter closure time, as shown in Fig. 5, the situation is different. If the last RP falls at the instant represented by RP1, the effective exposure time is calculated as T1. When the last RP falls at the instant represented by RP2, then the effective shutter time is still calculated as T2, just like the normal case of T1. Note that the tolerance associated with the shutter time becomes high due to the mechanical shutter variation. However, when the last RP falls at the instant represented by RP3, we cannot calculate the effective exposure time as from the end of the RP to the instant the mechanical shutter falls to 50% of its full opening. In this case we must consider effective exposure composed of not only electronic shutter time but also the effective opening of the mechanical shutter. The reason is that when the last RP just finishes the mechanical shutter already closes to some degree. The effective opening is smaller than the original aperture size. As light intensity is constant, here exposure can be defined as the product of effective mechanical shutter opening area and shutter time.The actual exposure should be integral of the area as represented by the shadow part in Fig. 5. The result is that when the electronic shutter is further reduced, the effective exposure is not reduced by the same amount and the sensor output is higher than expected. This is represented by the curve L2 in Fig. 4. It is worth noting that it is difficult to identify the intersection point P of L1 and L2, mainly because L2is usually nonlinear. Common practice in performing linear approximation of L1 is to avoid point P and take a conservative range for data points to be used.Referring to Fig. 2, the mechanical shutter is calibrated as follows. The period between the VD pulses T VD is known, and is usually designed to be close to 1/30 second. Defineelectronic shutter time T EE as the time between the falling edgeof the last RP and the start of next VD pulse. This electronicshutter time can be set by the firmware. We can set amechanical shutter control signal wait time T W_MS and try tomeasure the mechanical shutter delay time T D_MS. The effectiveshutter time composed of electronic shutter and mechanicalshutter is designated T E_MS. The relation among the abovevariables is shown in (1).MSDMSWMSEEEVDTTTTT___+=+− (1)The calibration procedure is to try different values ofelectronic shutter time T EE to find the point where the effectiveshutter time T E_MS becomes zero. When this happens, the CCDoutput voltage will become zero. Under such conditions, wecan obtain (2) by substituting T E_MS with zero and T EE = T eez.MSDMSWeezVDTTTT__+=− (2)From (2), the mechanical shutter delay time T D_MS can becalculated. It is then possible to adjust the value of T W_MS inorder to make the instant that the mechanical shutter actuallycloses fixed relative to the leading edge of VD.The difficulty of finding the closing point ZP in Fig. 4 isthat the output level of the CCD is very low and the data tendto be corrupted by noise when the effective shutter time isextremely short. In addition, when the electronic shutter isclose to the mechanical shutter closure time, the effectiveexposure will be affected by the mechanical shutter tolerance.Therefore, we can only rely on the region where the effectiveexposure time is high enough such that the CCD output level isrelatively high. In real application with 10-bit analog-to-digitalconverter (ADC) output, the starting point of electronic shuttertime T ee1 is adjusted such that the output level G AV1 isapproximately 800. When the data is plotted as shown inFig.4, it is possible to adopt minimum mean square errormethod to find linear approximation to the data points. Theapproximated line is represented as L1 in Fig. 4, and the line isextended so that it intersects with the horizontal axis at thecrossing point ZP. The equation of line L1 is with the form of(3) and we can get the location (T eez) of the point ZP by (4),where α and βare the slope and the offset value of theapproximation line L1, respectively.βα+⋅=EEAVTG(3)αβ−=eezT (4)IV.M ECHANICAL S HUTTER J ITTER C HARACTERIZATIONOnce the mechanical shutter delay time is measured, we cancalculate the variation or tolerance of the delay time based onthe information from mechanical shutter delay calibration. This means that even with the same mechanical shutter, the delay time is actually different from time to time. Thus it is necessary to estimate the tolerance in order to determine how good we can rely on the performance of the mechanical shutter. The basic idea is to repeat mechanical shutter control for a number of times and measure the standard deviation. As mentioned above, we are not able to directly measure the delay time, but we need a way to indirectly measure the mechanical shutter delay time. It is not likely to perform the mechanical shutter calibration for many times, as it is a time consuming process. A simpler way is to inspect (3) and we can see that the variation is also in direct proportion since G AV is proportional to T EE . Thus we can try to use G AV as a measurement tool of the mechanical shutter delay time variation. Due to the fact that G AV is proportional to the effective exposure time, which is controlled by the electronic shutter and mechanical shutter, the tolerance of the effective exposure time is also composed of these two types of shutter variation. Fortunately, experience tells us that the variation in digital signal control is on the order of several nanoseconds, whereas the variation of the mechanical shutter is in sub-millisecond range. Consequently, it is reasonable to assume that the variation in G AV is almost completely caused by the variation in mechanical shutter delay time.In (3), it is assumed that the mechanical shutter delay time is fixed and the CCD output changes with the electronic shutter set in capturing raw images of a uniform light source. When the variation of the mechanical shutter delay time is taken into consideration, equation (3) can be replaced by (5).()βδαδ++⋅=+MS D MS D AV AV T T G G __(5) In (5), δrepresents the variation factor of G AV caused by mechanical shutter jitter. If we only focus on the variation,equation (6) can be derived: MS D AV T G _δαδ⋅= (6)Therefore, we can set the same T EE value, take many raw images, and analyze the resulting data. The variance of G AV can be calculated by (7).[]2211¦−−=iAV AVi G G G n σ (7) In (7), n is the number of data points used. It can also be seen from (6) that the standard deviation G σdivided by αgives the equivalent standard deviation of mechanical shutter delay time T D_MS .The above method of calculating mechanical shutter delay time variation still takes a lot of time because many images need to be captured for analysis. One way of addressing this issue is to inspect the original equation in deriving the linearapproximation for the CCD output versus electronic shutter time curve. For this purpose, we define the mean square error 2χas in (8).[]221¦−⋅−=iEEi AVi T G n βαχ (8)It can easily be shown that there is a closed form solution for α and β to minimize the mean square error. In Fig. 6, it can be seen that L 1 is defined with the two parameters αand β, which are calculated from the measured data points. After αand βare calculated it is possible to actually calculate the value of mean square error. As the value G AV is calculated by averaging many pixels, the error should be very small. It is therefore possible to deduce that the deviation, ΔG, from line L 1 is caused by shutter time error, as shown by (9).()TT G T G G eei AVi eei AVi Δ⋅=»¼º«¬ª−−⋅=+⋅−=Δαβαβα (9)This shows that each term of the deviation or error of the CCD output is related to the jitter of the mechanical shutter, and represented by ΔT in Fig. 6. It should be noted that the mechanical shutter jitter is very small compared to the delay time. From (8) and (9), an approximation can be derived as shown in (10).()¦¦¦Δ⋅=Δ⋅≅Δ=ii ii i iT n T n G n 222221 11ααχ (10)When (10) is compared with (7), it can be seen that the mean square error in the linear approximation is close to the variance in mechanical shutter jitter calculation. Therefore, itis a good way to take this value to approximate the actual jitter of the mechanical shutter. The main advantage is that it does not need to take another set of raw images for analysis, thereby significantly reducing the cycle time in the production line.After the mechanical shutter delay time is calibrated, nextthing to discuss is for extremely short time. One thing to caution is that the intersection point P of curve L 2 and line L1in Fig. 4 will vary from camera to camera. In practice, we should avoid this point and set a limit point M as shown in Fig.7, in which point P corresponds to electronic shutter time T eep and point M corresponds to T eem . In addition, the time T eep -T ee0 is actually equal to the mechanical shutter close time T CL . It should be pointed out, however, that the measurement of T CL isquite difficult. This is because the output level of CCD isalready close to zero and noise will severely reduce theaccuracy of calculation.eei 0Fig. 6. Variation jitter approximation GG G eezG Fig. 7. Shutter characteristicWhen performing linear approximation for L 1, the electronicshutter time should be always longer than T eem in order toassure correct result. From Fig. 7 it can also be seen that theeffective shutter time is T E_MSi =T eei - T eez . Therefore, it can beconcluded that the minimum shutter time allowed is shown in(11).eez eem MS E T T T −=(min)_ (11) In order to achieve shorter shutter time for the purpose of covering very bright environment, it is necessary to minimize the value T E_MS (min) while maintaining reliable mechanical shutter performance. Once a number of cameras are tested it isnot difficult to find a good threshold value for T E_MS (min). However, in real industry situations, it is very difficult todesign a very fast and reliable shutter with low enough cost. Consequently, in many cases the mechanical shutter is not fastenough. It is, therefore, beneficial to be able to utilize the region where the electronic shutter signals RP falls inside themechanical shutter closure period.Referring to Fig. 7, if it is necessary to achieve an effective shutter time of T E_MSn , which is shorter than T E_MS(min ), thesituation is represented by (12).eezeex AVnMSn E AVn eez eem AVm T T G T G T T G −==−_ (12) In (12), T eex is the electronic shutter time corresponding to the approximated line L 1. During calibration phase, the program will search and find that T een actually corresponds toG AVn and the effective exposure is equivalent to when theexposure time is T E_MSn . Therefore, we can record the timedifference T diff = T eem -T een and use this data to achieve aneffective shutter time shorter than the lower limit allowed by the mechanical shutter. It should be noted that, however, thatthis lower exposure is actually a combination of smaller effective aperture and a short shutter time. The reason is themechanical shutter is already closed for some time and theeffective area of the aperture opening is smaller. Note that this method should not be extended extremely to providearbitrarily short effective exposure time. This is due to the fact that the optical performance of the lens will reach thediffraction limit and the image will become blurred when theeffective aperture is too small.V. M INIMUM AGCS ETTING C ALIBRATIONThe OECF curve of typical CCD output usually containslinear, nonlinear and saturation regions, as shown in Fig. 8.Only the linear region is suitable for image processing. Thepixels operating outside the linear region are very difficult, ifnot impossible, to be handled by typical image processing pipelines. The main difficulty is this nonlinearity is usually not consistent among different sensors, thus it is difficult tocharacterize and utilize this nonlinearity. In order to providebetter sensitivity and wider dynamic range, it is necessary tooperate CCD sensor with the maximum range of its linearregion. This requirement can be achieved by finding the AGCsetting so that the upper edge of the linear range matches themaximum input voltage V R of the ADC. The correspondingAGC parameter is called minimum AGC setting A MIN , and canbe determined by the ratio V R /V L . Under normal lightingenvironments, the AGC is always set at A MIN , but higher AGCsettings will be used to increase the effective sensitivity in darker environments. This setting can guide the auto exposure control to prevent the sensor from operating in the nonlinear region.VSAT V LOutput voltage Fig. 8. Opto-electronic conversion function (OECF) of CCD sensorsThe proposed calibration process relies on the ADC result for analysis. A typical example of adopting 12-bit ADC is shown in Fig. 9. First a relatively low AGC gain value of A 0 is set such that the ADC output value of the saturation region is much lower than the full scale output of the ADC, which is 4095 in this case. Then a few raw images are taken with different shutter time and the center green pixels are averaged to check for the output level of the CCD. The associated OECF curve is represented by C 0. From these data points, a linear approximation line L 3 can be derived. In the next step, the shutter time is increased further while the actual average data of the captured raw image is compared with the data calculated from the linear approximation. At time T 0 it is found that the actual data D P at point P is lower than the estimated data D L by about 3%, this can be judged as the end of the linear region of the OECF. It is straight forward that the additional gain needed to bring point P to point Q isA 1=4095/D P . With the overall AGC gain value set asA MIN =A 0* A 1, the resulting OECF curve is C 1. In some cases when the gain of the AGC cannot be calculated directly, it is possible to fix the shutter time at T 0 and take more raw images with increasing AGC gain. When the CCD output reaches 4095, the overall gain is exactly A MIN .D D 0Fig. 9. Minimum AGC setting calibrationVI. E XPERIMENTAL R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSIONS All calibration items have been successfully implemented in a robust embedded software platform for real cameras [5]. The proposed system is demonstrated that it can improve production line planning, as bulky computers are not needed in the production line. Only standard color viewer is necessary, and multiple cameras can be put onto it and calibrate them at the same time, as shown in Fig. 10. Note that in realproduction line each of the cameras is placed on a fixture that can hold the camera tight and keep it from touching the light box. It is also easier to add test stations to increase output when necessary.A typical mechanical shutter calibration result with the proposed method is shown in Fig. 11. From the curve it can be estimated that the mechanical shutter close time is around 0.9 ms. From the numerical data calculation result the mechanical shutter delay tolerance is less than 20 us, indicating the performance of the shutter is very good. Actual firmware testconfirmed that the system can reliably provide an effective shutter time of 1/2000 second, which is considered necessary for most decent commercial digital still cameras.To demonstrate the performance of mechanical shutter calibration, we take several extremely bright pictures whose exposure time is equal to 1/2000 second. The picture taken by the cameras with correct/incorrect mechanical shutter calibration are shown in Fig. 12. The picture in Fig. 12-(a) is taken by the camera with correct mechanical shutter calibration. The pictures shown in Fig. 12-(b), (c), and (d) are taken by the camera whose mechanical shutter delay is shifted by minus 1/4000, minus 1/2000, and plus 1/4000 seconds, respectively. It can be easily found that the effective exposure time is shrunk in Fig. 12-(b) and 12-(c) because the mechanical shutter is closed before the end of effective electronic exposure period so that the pictures are underexposure. On the contrary, the overexposure problem can be easily found in Fig. 12-(d). In this case, the mechanical shutter does not close accurately at the end of effective electronic exposure period.Fig. 10. The setup of an automatic calibration system.Fig. 11. Mechanical shutter calibration result.The correctness of minimum gain calibration can be observed easily by taking pictures in normal scenes. As shown in Fig.13, several pictures are taken by the cameras with correct/incorrect minimum AGC setting calibration. Assumethe calibrated minimum AGC setting is ij dB . Fig. 13-(a) – (d) show pictures which are taken with AGC gain set as ij dB, (ij – 6) dB, ij dB, and (ij – 6) dB, respectively. It should be noted that the exposure time will be increased automatically by typical auto exposure algorithm if the gain setting is reduced. The longer exposure time will result in the CCD sensor running into nonlinear/saturation region as shown in Fig. 8. For typical CCD and CMOS sensors, the effective sensitivity of the green channel is usually higher than the other two color channels. If the AGC gain setting is lower than the minimum gain, it is easy to find that the green channel is already saturated but the other two channels have not reached the nonlinear region yet. Since normal image processing usually compensates for the sensor white balance as well as light source white balance, in the bright area the red and blue channels can be scaled to exceed the green channel, causing the high brightness white area to shift to magenta, or sometimes pink.(a)(b)(c)(d)Fig. 12. The pictures taken without different mechanical shutter delay.(a)(b)(c)(d)Fig. 13. The pictures taken with correct/incorrect minimum gain setting.Production line data show the overall throughput is improved dramatically compared to the traditional PC-based calibration system. On average each camera can be fully calibrated with less than 30 seconds. All the calibrated data is saved in the internal flash memory of the camera. The data can be used for keeping track of the calibration result as well as reliability analysis for each camera.R EFERENCES[1] H. C. Lee, Introduction to Color Imaging Science , CambridgeUniversity Press, 2005.[2] TMS320DM310 Digital Media DSP Technical Reference Manual,Version 2.0, Texas Instruments, 2003.[3] Y. Tsin, V. Ramesh, and T. Kanade, “Statistical calibration of CCDimaging process,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision , vol. 1, pp. 480 – 487, Jul. 2001.[4] P. L. Vora, J. E. Farrell, J. D. Tietz, and D. H. Brainard, “Image capture:simulation of sensor responses from hyperspectral images,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing , pp. 307 – 316, vol. 10, no. 2 , Feb. 2001.[5] W. C. Kao, T. H. Sun, and S. Y. Lin, “A robust embedded softwareplatform for versatile camera systems,” Proc . IEEE International Symp. Circuits and Systems (ISCAS ), pp. 5015-5018, Japan, Jun. 2005.Wen-Chung Kao (M’05) received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from National Central University, Taiwan, R.O.C. in 1990, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University, Taiwan, in 1992 and 1996, respectively. From 1996 to 2000, he was a Department Manager at SoC Technology Center (STC), ERSO, ITRI, Taiwan.From 2000 to 2004, he was an Assistant Vice President at NuCam Corporation, Taiwan, where he was responsible for leading embedded software team to develop digital still/video cameras. In 2004, he became an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Applied Electronic Technology and Department of Industrial Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan. His current research interests include system-on-a-chip (SoC) with embedded software design, digital camera system, homecare system, pattern recognition, and color imaging science.Chin-Ming Hong was born in Taiwan in 1949. He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Tatung Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, in 1972, the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from National Taiwan Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan in 1982, and the Ph.D. degree in automatic control engineering from National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan,in 1989. Since 2004, he has been a chairman of Institute of Applied Electronic Technology at National Taiwan Normal University. His research interests include industrial control, electronics, variable structure control, and intelligent control.Sheng-Yuan Lin (M’96) is Vice President of R&D Department at Foxlink Image Technology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan. He received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from National Taiwan University, Taiwan, R.O.C., in 1983 and 1987, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1994. Hewas with OES, ITRI, Taiwan, from 1995 to 1997, working on digital camera system characterization. He joined Foxlink Image Technology, which was named Nucam at the time, in 1997 and now is in charge of digital still camera system integration. His research interest is in optics, electronics and image processing integration. He is also a member of SPIE.。