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英语独立主格结构用法全解英语独立主格结构指的是一个句子中的名词短语或代词短语作为一个独立的成分，与句子的主语和谓语构成独立的语法结构。
它通常出现在句子的开头或结尾，用于表达额外的信息、修饰句子的主语或谓语，或者起到转折、并列等作用。
1.独立主格结构用作状语独立主格结构可以用作时间、地点、原因、方式等的状语，用来描述动作的背景或条件。
例如：- The weather being sunny, we decided to go for a picnic.（天气晴朗，我们决定去野餐。
）- Him being absent, we had to cancel the meeting.（他没有出席，我们不得不取消会议。
）- The car having broken down, we had to walk home.（汽车坏了，我们不得不走回家。
）2.独立主格结构用作主语补足语独立主格结构可以用来补充或说明句子的主语，给予主语更多的信息。
例如：- The sun shining brightly made everyone happy.（阳光明媚使每个人都开心。
）- Her parents' disapproval being obvious, she had no choice but to change her major.（她父母的不同意显而易见，她别无选择，只能换专业。
）- Your decision to quit the job in such a situation seems unwise.（在这种情况下，你决定辞职似乎不明智。
）3.独立主格结构用作动词补足语独立主格结构可以用来补充或说明句子的谓语动词，给予动词更多的意义和内容。
例如：- He stood there, hands in pockets, waiting for the bus.（他站在那儿，双手插在口袋里，等公交车。
法通霸3：独立主格结构和wit h的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构 的 错误的（参 P. 错误！未定义书签。
错误！未找到引 源。
）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play.×时 的成 。
为：His homework finished, he went out to play. 成 独立主格结构。
独立主格结构 复杂内容。
的方法：含 be的be去 （主系 结构原因的 be也 为g）； 含be的 和主主 关系的 为现 ； 关系的为去 ； 将来 的 为 定式。
习：合并下列 画线 改为独立主格结构。
1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.e d at home. His face was red.3.h edd s.4.t. w ing me.5.I had to stay at home.o rk had to be done.6.y. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名 (代 )+现 （与 构成主 关系）e r , we are to youtomorrow.②名 (代 )+ 去 （与 构成 关系）our hol a y.③名 (代 )+ 定式（ 将来）He suggested d e the food.④名 (代 )+副The game over, the crowdrushed to the exit.⑤名 (代 )+形容r came in, his face red with cold.⑥名 (代 ) +介 短He came out of the r y, a book un his arm.⑦名 (代 ) +名.考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的 和联系下 ：①g.（ with的复合结构）②, the bus got g.( 独立主格结构)时 独立主格结构和with的复合结构 法 的 通 、去with。
1.独立主格结构的构成：名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；名词(代词)+形容词；名词(代词)+副词；名词(代词)+不定式；名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（二）独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆2. With的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raise.典型例题The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
英语之独立主格结构独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。
详细概述非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。
若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。
这种结构称为“独立结构”。
其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
例如：1）独立主格结构表示时间The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
2）独立主格结构表示条件The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
3）独立主格结构表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care,the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
In the middle of February,the weather being favorable for work,the workers began to repair and secure the dam of the river.二月中旬，天气有利于工作，工人们开始修缮河坝。
第三章独立主格结构1．独立主格结构概说独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）是指在一个句子当中有两个（或两个以上）具有主谓关系的部分，其中一个表达句子的主旨，是句子的主干，而另一个（或几个）只能以逻辑上的主谓关系形式来表达从属的意义。
2．独立主格结构的构成独立主格在句中主要作定语或状语，一般由with来引导，表示否定意义时还可以由without来引导。
其结构一般为：with（或without）＋逻辑主语＋逻辑谓语。
独立主格在句中作非限定性定语(即与中心词用逗号隔开)或作状语时，with 可以省略，但without不能省略，因为它与with 不同，本身具有否定的内涵。
3．独立主格结构的功能独立主格结构在句中主要有以下功能：3．1 限定性定语I went out and painted a beautiful river in the afternoon lightwith red and golden hills in the background. 我出去画了一条午后阳光下美丽的河流，背景是红色和金黄色的山峦。
（《21 世纪》2-1A）3．2 非限定性定语Under the bundle tottered the old woman, her face as white as a linen sheet.大包裹压得老妇人踉踉跄跄，脸就像亚麻布一样苍白。
（定语）（《21 世纪》1-4A）3．3 伴随状语Some robots of the future may also do ordinary jobs. There may be robot gas-station attendants that can fill the tank without the driver leaving the car. 未来的有些机器人还可以做些普通的工作。
加油站可能会出现机器人服务员把油箱加满，而司机连车都不用下。
《21 世纪》1-8Ｂ）3．4 时间状语So now, with the championship season over, I want to tell this story. （时间状语）因此现在，随着锦标赛季的结束，我想把这件事告诉大家。
（《21 世纪》1-4C）3．5 条件状语Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held asscheduled. 天气允许的话，运动会将如期进行。
3．6 原因状语All the students going home, the campus became silent again. 所有的学生都回了家，校园又一次沉寂下来。
4．独立主格结构中的逻辑谓语：充当独立主格结构中逻辑谓语的主要有以下几个种类：4．1 名词Professors can pretend to teach by lecturing just as students can pretend to learn by attending lectures, with no one the wiser, including the participants. 教授们可以通过讲课假装在教，正如学生们可以通过听课假装在学，这一点无人察觉，包括参与者在内。
（《21 世纪》3-4B）The one closet that Sara shares with Michael easily holds their basic clothes, many of them well-made classic styles from L.L. Bean. 萨拉和迈克合用的壁橱从容地挂着他们必须的衣物，其中许多都是L.L.宾恩制衣公司做工精细的经典款式。
（《21 世纪》3-7B）The invaders gunned down the Indians, most of them women and children. 入侵者枪杀了印第安人，其中多数为妇女和儿童。
（《21 世纪》3-2A）4．2 形容词In the evening they met at the hotel, both content with their day, happy to eat a leisurely meal together and dance a little afterwards.晚上他俩在旅馆汇合，双方都对一天的活动心满意足，一起悠闲地吃完饭，然后再跳跳舞。
（《21 世纪》1-5A）perceiveWe all came into this world with the doors of perception wide open. 我们来到这个世界时，感知的大门是敞开的。
（《21 世纪》3-3B）The old man's head was very old though and with his eyes closed there was no life in his face. 可是老人的头很苍老，由于眼睛闭着，脸上没有一丝生气。
The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest HemingwayThe bird went higher in the air and circled again,his wings motionless.鸟飞得更高，在空中盘旋，可翅膀一动不动。
The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway4．3 副词It's dangerous to handle with electricity on.带电作业是危险的。
He was in such a hurry that he put on his socks wrong side out. 他过于匆忙，把袜子都穿反了。
We watched the fearless acrobat walking along the wire rope without safety net below. 我们眼看着那位艺高胆大的杂技演员走绳索，下边连安全网都没有。
（《21 世纪》1-4E）4．4 数词Just as the old man was reversing his car into the parking space, a young man in a mini came up from behind. He noticed the space and drove straight in, nose first. 正当老人往泊车位倒车的时候，一个开着微型车的年轻人从后边过来。
他看到了这个位子，直接开了进去，车头朝前。
Some students failed to pass the test, our class three and your class five. 有的学生这次考试未能通过，我们班3个，你们班5个。
4．5 现在分词Soon I would be on my own, making my own decisions, doing what I wanted without someone looking over my shoulder. 很快我就要自立了，凡事由己，随心所欲，再没人对我管东管西了。
（《21 世纪》1-1Ｂ）When he walked into class, he was always carrying two or three books with strips of paper sticking out of them, marking passages he planned to read. 他走进教室的时候总是带着两三本书，书中夹的纸条外露着，作为他打算阅读的段落的标记。
《21 世纪》1-7B）In the center of its body is a pole holding six video cameras, three looking forward and three looking back, to give a 360°view of an area. 它的躯干正中是一根圆柱，上面安装了6个摄像机，3个朝前，3个朝后，具有360度的全方位视野。
（《21 世纪》1-8B）Women being more precious, biologically speaking, than men, evolution has contributed us to give them the kind of life-protecting deference we give to that other seed of the future: kids. 从生物学角度来说，由于妇女比男子更珍贵，所以进化使我们习惯于把保护生命的那种敬重，给了未来生命的另外一粒种子--儿童，也给了妇女。
（《21 世纪》3-2Ａ）4．6 过去分词Many of these children will grow up without a caring father and mother committed to each other. 在这些孩子中间，有许多人在成长过程中将缺少对之关心照顾并且彼此承担责任义务的父母亲。
（《21 世纪》１-４B）Many times he returned to shore with bits of the boat knocked off,having tried to guide his crew through animpossibly narrow gap. 许多次他回到岸边时，船已被撞下几块碎片，原来他曾试图带领他的船员穿越一个出奇狭窄的峡谷。
（《21 世纪》2-6A）The two sets of knives and folks and spoons were in his pocket with a paper napkin wrapped around each set. 他的口袋里有两套刀叉和汤匙，每套都用纸巾包着。
The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway4．7 不定式Some teachers take pride in being friendly enough with all their students to use their first names. 一些教师引以自豪的是，他们能够友好地接受学生的指名称呼。
（《21 世纪》3-5E, P141）Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next year. 这是前两卷，第三卷明年出版。
