P a r t I W r i t i n g Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy
on how to best
handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least
120 words but no more than 180 words.
题目解析：
一、审题：四级写作的第一步即读懂题目要求。读题目时我们需要在题干中去找“关
键词”。本次作文中读完题目，建议同学们用笔勾画出来五个关键词，即五个要点，顺序依次是“30 minutes”、“essay”、“how”、“the relationship between doctors and patients”、“write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words”其中关于考试时间和作文字数的要求每年都一致。接下来审题的重点：这次写作要求我们写一篇常见的议论文，并且去简述如何处理医生和病人的关系。
读完题目之后，我们了解到这次的写作主题即“医患关系（the relationship between doctors and patients）”。
二、谋篇：四级写作的第二步即布局三段结构，这次写作中强调“如何处理医患关
系”，所以我们在第二段写作时，可以从两个维度出发—医生和患者—去叙述如何正确处理两个主体之间的关系。
三、框架：全文分为三个段落。第一段为话题引出段（可结合情景作文第一段，先表
明自己的观点）；第二段为原因分析段（主要从医生/患者两个方面进行原因论述）；
第三段为意义阐述段。
四、填充：具体的范文如下，仅做参考。
写作范文：
On the Relationship between Doctors and Patients
In the present age, it is generally acknowledged that the relationship between doctors and patients is playing indispensable roles in our lives. As far as I am concerned, we should balance this kind of relationship from two aspects, doctors and patients.
The causes of this perspective are multiple. In the first place, the reason has been cited as a major reason that doctors cannot be understood, for patients always maintain doctors can cure all kinds of disease. This is mainly due to the fact that although medical technology and science are advanced at an amazing rate, there exists a multitude of various kinds of diseases we cannot cure. Furthermore, the reason can contribute this perspective that patients are believed to be lack of the fundamental medical knowledge, which results in this relationship are worried. Plenty of evidence has shown that an increasing number of patients often go to extremes if their diseases cannot be cure instantly.
When it comes to our modern society, it is universally acknowledged that dealing with the relationship between doctors and patients in a reasonable way plays a vitally important role in our lives. Undoubtedly, if we spare no efforts to do so, our future will be hopeful and promising.
Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
New report 1
1.答案: B) Her little brother.
Q: Who did Edison raise money for?
解析: 新闻首句原则,了解大致内容是Edison卖柠檬水和画画为生病需要做心脏手术(surgery)的弟弟筹资。第一道题给考生来了个下马威,难度系数比较高,
需要考生自己分类信息再听取问题作答,这种题型称为模棱两可型题目,考察学
生听力和反应能力。A) Her friend Erika. 根据顺序原则,A选项在新闻最后才出现且与问题不符，先不作考虑。C/D选项是Edison祖母猜测Edison偷听到祖父的对话,从而得知弟弟生病,与问题无关,故排除。
2.答案: C) By selling lemonade and pictures.
Q: How did Edison raise money?
原文:She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand, make some jewelries and pictures and sell them.
这道题难度中等,根据选项形式都是by, 可得知问题一定是问how,因此,可预先考虑应该紧抓文章中的“方式”,再根据视听一致原则即可得出答案。
原文：
A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston Texas this July.Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment.
" I guess she overheard her grandfather and me t alking about how we’re worried about how we’re going to get to Houston, for my grandson’s heart surgery,” said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.”
That’s when Addison and her frie nds Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.
Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many, stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, “From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!”
New report 2
3.答案: C) Providing clean energy to five million people.
Q：What is the Francis’ purpose of cons tructing solar panels?
原文: Last week, France announced the country would pay 621miles of road with solar panels over the next five years with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people. (法国将在五年内马路上建造太阳能板,旨在为人们供应可生能源。)
解析: 这道题难度中等, 遵照试听一致原则,同时注意答案前后一致。
4. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.
Q: What is especial about the solar panels used in the walkway?
解析: 这道题有模棱两可选项出现,即B/C。但是,C呈现的听力内容只是介绍太阳能板的厚度；而B则是问题所问的特殊作用,因此,综合问题,得出答案即B。其中,highway相对应同义替换的词汇有: walkway, bypass等。
原文：
Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people.
Called “the Wattway,”the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road-building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of an inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install.
France is n’t the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot-long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.
New report 3
5.答案:A) Endless fighting in the region. (视听一致)
Q：What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Susan and Ethiopia？
原文：Continuous fighting in the region has made survey difficult.
解析: 这篇新闻研究者们证实非洲的狮子正在大范围消失,并成立小组研究狮子的栖息地。这道题难度中等,通过视听一致即可。
6. 答案：D. To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.
Q: What was the main purpose of the research?
解析：细节题。目的题，按照顺序中段听到了the discovery of the lost lions内容，以及catch images… / identify lions’tracks，确定答案。
7.答案：B. Lions’ tracks.
Q: What did the researchers find in the national park?
解析：细节题。视听一致原则，依据identify lions’tracks, 确定答案.
原文：
Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. But scientists released a report Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the discovery of "lost lions."
A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in the National Park in northwest Ethiopia, on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps capturing images of lions, and they identified lion tracks.
The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in the neighbouring National Park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.
Section B
Conversation 1
8. 【答案】A. Her “lucky birthday”
【问题】What is the woman looking forward to?
【原文+解析】A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date.一个黄金或幸运的生日是当一个人到达出生日期的年龄。
9. 【答案】D. Threw her a surprise party.
【问题】What did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s lucky birthday?
【原文+解析】 My parents did throw her a surprise party that year.那年我父母给她举办了一个惊喜派对。
10. 【答案】B. The trip her husband has planned.
【问题】What is the woman eager to find out about?
【原文+解析】I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned or way we are going.我很想知道他计划了什么样的旅行，或者我们打算去哪。
11. 【答案】C. He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.
【问题】What does the man say at the end of the conversation?
【原文+解析】I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.我等不及要听到你回来的消息了。
原文：
M: I bet you're looking forward to the end of this month. Are you?
W: Yes, I am. How did you know?
M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up.
W: Oh…yeah that's right. This year will be my golden birthday.
M: What does that mean? I've never heard of a golden birthday.
W: I've actually just learnt this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister's birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turned nine years old. Come to think of it, my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.
M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would've been four years ago. I assume you got big plans then.
W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he's got in mind, but I'm excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?
M: He might have.
W: Anything you'd like to share? I'm dying to know what kind of trip he has planned on where we're going.
M: You know nothing at all?
W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it? Though I must say I think he's been having even more fun keeping the secret from me in the past few weeks.
M: I'm sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! I can't wait to hear all about it when you get back.
Conversation 2
12. 【答案】A. They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.
【问题】What does the man say about good negotiators?
【原文+解析】 They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.他们对谈判的动态很敏感。
13. 【答案】B. They know when to stop.
【问题】What does the man say maybe the most important thing to a successful negotiator?
【原文+解析】 And perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.也许最重要的是，他们知道什么时候该停下来。
14. 【答案】C. They learn quickly.
【问题】How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?
【原文+解析】Good negotiators learn fast.好的谈判者学得快。
15. 【答案】D. Get to know the other side.
【问题】What is the first stage of a negotiation according to a man?
【原文+解析】There are about six stages of a negotiation: get to know the other side谈判大致有六个阶段：了解对方。
原文：
W: Mr. Green, what do you think makes a successful negotiator??
M: Well, that’s hard to define. But I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people. They are firm but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. They are sensitive
to the dynamics of the negotiation. The way of rises and falls and how it may change direction. They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.
W: And, what about an unsuccessful negotiator?
M: Well, this is probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting. Too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and we want to be liked by everyone. Good negotiators learn fast. Poor negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations.
W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?
M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for a negotiation. There are perhaps six stages in every negotiation. Get to know the other side. State your goals. Start the process. Clarify areas of disagreement or conflict. Reassess your position. Making acceptable compromises. And finally, reach some agreement in principle. These stages can be studied. And strategies to be used in each can be planned beforehand. But I think, the really successful negotiator is probably born with six sense about responding appropriately to the situation at hand.
W: The artistic sense you’ve just described?
M: Yes. That’s right.
Section C
Passage 1
16.【答案】D) How space research benefits people on Earth.
【问题】What do some people want to know about space exploration?
【原文+解析】Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. 有些人想知道为什么国家在太空项目上花费了数百万美元。他们想知道太空研究是如何帮助地球上的人们的。该句为段首句，运用题文同序和视听一致确定答案为“D太空研究如何造福地球上的人们。”
17. 【答案】B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.
【问题】What did scientists do for the space shuttle missions?
【原文+解析】And in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon, and in space. 在今天的航天飞行任务中，科学家们开发了宇航员在月球和太空中使用的物体。该句与答案“B他们开发了宇航员在外层空间使用的物体。”一致，所以答案选B。
18. 【答案】A) They are extremely accurate.
【问题】what does the speaker say about quartz crystal clocks and watches?
【原文+解析】For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. 例如，我们有石英晶体钟和手表可以精确到在一年中只有一分钟之内的误差。
原文：
Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. Actually space
technology helps people on Earth every day. This is called "spin-off technology."
Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on Earth.
In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s, and in the Space Shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day.
For example, we have Quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year.We purify the water we drink with a water filter designed for the astronauts' use in space.
The cordless, hand-held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills and saws came from the technology of these early space programs.
On cold winter days we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, and specially made coats and jackets. All of these clothes are similar to the spacesuit designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, and are spin-offs from space technology.
These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin-off technology from the International Space Station will help us in the future.
Passage 2
19.【答案】C) It marked the beginning of something new.
【问题】Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?
【原文+解析】Well, if I could go back in history and live, I’d like to go back to the 18th century, perhaps in colonial America in Yankee New England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something. 好吧，如果我能回到历史中去生活，我想回到十八世纪，也许是在殖民地美国的新英格兰，我的一个祖先住在那里，因为它是某事的开端。该句位于段首句，题文同序定位答案于此句，并且该句与选项“C它标志着新事物的开始。”意思一致，所以答案选C。
20. 【答案】A) They believed in working for goals.
【问题】What does the speaker say about the Puritans?
【原文+解析】I’m deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense, but they believe in working for something, working for goals and I like that. 我深深地爱上了清教徒的传统，不是宗教意义上的，而是他们相信工作的事，工作的目标，我很喜欢这一点。与选项A一致。
21. 【答案】D) Doing needlework by the fire.
【问题】What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?
【原文+解析】I love the colonial fabrics, or the silver work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance and simplicity, I love it. The printing, the books and very attached to all that kind of thing. That may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world, but I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing
new ideas, building a new world, and I can see myself sitting on a small chair by a fire doing needlework. 我喜欢殖民地的布料，银色的工作，家具，优雅和简单的结合，我喜欢它。印刷品，书籍，非常依恋所有的东西。可能不是所有的东西都在现代意义上是非常有趣的，但我会喜欢在那样的环境里度过我的晚上，讨论新的想法，建立一个新的世界，我能看到自己坐在火旁做针线活的小凳子上。答案“D在火炉边做针线活。”与原文最后一句一致，所以选择D。原文：
Well, if I could go back in history and live, I'd like to go back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee, New England, where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something.
By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was a preacher, traveling around the countryside. People lived in small communities. There were fishermen and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food, unlike that in today's supermarkets, and there were small towns, and New York wasn't that far away. I'm deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense, but they believed in working for something, working for goals, and I like that.
They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness in community and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics, all the silver work, the furnishings, the combination of elegance and simplicity. I love it. The printing, the books, I'm very attached to all that kind of thing that may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world. But I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world. And I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needlework.
Passage 3
22. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.
What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?
When you are lost, sit down on a log, or rock, or lean against a tree, and recite something you have memorized to bring your mind to a point where is under control.当你迷路的时候，坐在一块木头上，或者岩石上，或者靠在一棵树上，背诵你记忆中的东西，把你的思想带到被控制的地方。
23.【答案】B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.
【问题】What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?
【原文+解析】Streams normally flow through wetland, before they reach a lake or a river. Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes and other hazzards.
24. 【答案】D) Walk uphill.
【问题】What do many experts think is the wisest thing to do if you are lost in the woods?【原文+解析】Many experts feel that it's wisest to walk uphill.许多专家认为走上坡路是最明智的。
25. 【答案】A) Inform somebody of your plan.
【问题】What should you do before you go into the woods?
【原文+解析】Anytime you're going into woods, somebody should know where you are going and when you are expected to return.任何时候你进入森林，都应该有人知道你要去哪里，什么时候你会回来。
原文：
If you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge can turn what some people call a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. When you think you are lost, sit down on a log, or a rock, or lean against a tree, and recite something that you have memorized, to bring you mind to a point where it’s under control. Don’t run blindly. If you must move, don’t follow a stream unless you know it, and in that case, you are not lost. Streams, normally flow through wetland before they reach a lake or a river. Though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards.Many experts feel that it’s wisest to walk uphill.At the top of most hills and mountains, are trails leading back to civilization. If there are no trails, you are much easier to be seen on top of a hill, and you may even spot a highway, or a railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way someone will search for you is by air. In a wetland, or in dense growth, you are very hard to spot. Anytime you go into the woods, somebody should know where you are going, and when you expect to return.Also, when someone comes looking, you should be able to signal to them.
P art Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
26. K superior较好的，上等的，修饰skills
27. D nuisance根据and 前后内容，此处选择令人讨厌的东西
28. M tip指尖，后文有手指。
29. O visual 视觉的修饰记忆力，后文也有images.
30. A associated be associated with 和...相关
31. F preventing rather than 表示阻止，介词后面用doing
32. H sensitive 敏感的根据后文意思它们很敏感选择H。
33. I slight 轻微的，修饰后文的气味。
34. C indicate根据前文动作，此处是表明，暗示的意思。
35. B examine 检测，检验，根据后文detection method 此处选择检测。
Section B
Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?
36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.
答案：I
对应原文“Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.”
advanced age对应 elderly ；
inability 对应hard
37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.
答案：E
“Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other
end-of-term work” risk 对应affect ；
performance原词复现
38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.
答案：C
对应原文“David Eisenbach…He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.”
believes 和 ultimately原词复线。
“learn more and encourages”对应more helpful
39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.
答案：D
对应“He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. ”
cheating 原词复现，“less chance”对应“ discouraged”
40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.
答案：B
对应“and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this…”
happy 对应excited；
take-home 对应do some exams at home
41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.
答案：H
对应原文“There are people who always w ait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. ”
“wait until the last minute”对应“put off their work until the last month”
“make it much harder than it needs to be”对于“find the exams more difficult than they actually are.”
42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.
答案：G
对应原文“Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty.”
preferences对应 prefer；
vary对应different
43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.
答案：F
对应原文“Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. ”
Most college professors 和agree 和depends on原词复现；
the kind of 对应the type of
course 对应subject.
44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.
答案：A
“So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.”
left undone 对应dropped out of
four decades ago 对应forty years ago
45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.
答案：J
对应“I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test”
“free time” 原词重现
“using ”对应“eat up”
Section C
Passage One
46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?
答案：D) In what way it can be beneficial.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为first-night effect，researchers, puzzling。据此定位到第二段第二句“The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it”，句子大意为：（研究者的）困惑是将会从中获得什么利益、好处。可见，D选项为正确答案，“beneficial”是对原文中“benefit”的同义替换。A选项借第一段第一句“trouble sleeping”干扰，该句是first-night effect的定义，且不在定位范围内；B选项借第二段第一句“how human evolved”干扰，不是puzzle的内容；C选项借第三段第一句的“the surrounding environment”干扰，是实验相关内容，不在定位范围内。
47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?
答案：C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins
此题为推理题。题干关键词为Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research，因关键词为全文话题，定位价值不大，所以可用反证法通过选项关键词来定位，选项共同的关键词
为birds and dolphins。据此定位到第二段第三句“She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins…”，句子大意为她可从之前对鸟类和海豚
的研究中得出一些成果，这让她想研究人是否也会做同样的事。可见，C选项为正确
答案，是对原文的同义替换。A选项的错误在于asleep（熟睡的）与原文“put half of
their brains to sleep”（半睡的状态），意思不符；BD选项的错误在于“sleeping way”和“sleeping pattern”表述不够具体、清楚。
48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?
A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为Dr. Sasaki, first experiment, do（做法）。“first experiment”在原文中没有原词复现，但根据句意，可知定位处在第二段第四句
“this led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing”后。根据
后面原文“The participants … monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. ”可知，A选项为正确答案。B选项将原文的“35 healthy people”和“Department of Psychological Sciences”杂糅; C选项的错误在于原文并没有分析大脑的两半的区别；D选项是研究的目的，而非实验中的做法，答非所
问。
49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?
答案：C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为Dr. Sasaki和re-runing her experiment。据此定位到第三段第一句话后半段“while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps of the sam e and irreugular beeps of a different tone” , C选项是对该句的概括，符合文意。A选项的错误在于干扰睡眠的是irregular beeps, 而非irregular tones; B选项的错误在于没有提及记录实验参与者对变化环境的适应；D选项的错误在于原文未提及不同的实验参与者。
50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?
答案：B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为Dr. Sasaki, the participants, find（研究结果）。据此定位到“she worked out that…”后，根据“it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep”可知不规律的蜂鸣声会扰乱睡眠，B选项符合文意。A选项的错误在于原文并没有说tones对睡眠有影响；C选项的错误在于sleepy（困乏的），无中生有；D选项的错误在于原文并未提及不同的人对不规律的音调的容忍度不同。
Passage Two
51. What does the author say is the problem with women?
答案：D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为problem, women。据此定位到第一段第一、二句，“being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life”,该句大意为“女性为家庭、为工作过度付出将不会使她们过上想要的生活”，D选项符合文意。A选项的错误在于原文并没有说女性不清楚自己的职业目标；B选项的错误在于原文并没有将女性对家庭和对工作的付出做比较；C选项的错误在于over-optimistic（过度乐观）无中生有。
52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?
答案： A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为working women of child-bearing age, feel drained of energy, why（原因）。据此定位到第三段第二句“one reason women may feel exhausted is that…”后，根据“women want to be able to do it all…”，可知，A选项符合文意，女性努力满足工作和家庭需求。B选项只强调过分投入工作，以偏概全；C选项的错误在于借第三段liked by their colleagues干扰，但与同事合作原文并未提及；D选项，过度推理，文中并没有说女性的责任太多。
53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?
答案：A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为future prospect, career women, hinder（阻碍因素）。据此定位到第三段第二句，“Unfortunately，this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s health as well as their career. A选项符合文意。BCD原文未
提及。
54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.
答案：C) men tend to put their personal interests first
此题为细节题。题干关键词为men and women, approach to resolving workplace conflicts, in that（原因）。据此定位到第五段第三句“Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most”，据此选择C
选项, 男人倾向于以个人利益为先。ABD无中生有。
55. What is important to a good leader?
答案：B) The ability to delegate.
此题为细节题。题干关键词为a good leader, important。据此定位到最后一段第二句“Leaders have to be able to delegate…”，可知，B选项符合文意。ACD原文
未提及。
Part Ⅳ Translation
华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。
Located in Huayin City, Mount Hua is 120 kilo meters away from Xi’an. Mount Hua is a part of Qinling Mountains, which not only separates the southern and northern parts of Shaanxi but also the South and North China. Unlike Taishan Mountain, where people often go to worship, there used to be few people going to Mount Hua as the roads to the mountains are extremely dangerous. However, people who wish to live longer often climb mountains as there are many herbs on them, especially some rare ones. Since cable cars were installed in the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased dramatically.
乍一看，这篇翻译有点难，其实里面很多单词在以前的真题中都出现过。比如说，华
南（South China)，华北（North China).，稀有的药草(rare herbs)，某地位于什么地方(be located in)等等。
第一句：华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。Located in Huayin City, Mount Hua is 120 kilometers away from Xi’an.
第二句：华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。Mount Hua is a part of Qinling Mountains, which not only separates the southern and northern parts of Shaanxi but also the South and North China.秦岭直接译为Qinling Mountains，陕南与陕北就是指陕西的南部和北部the southern and northern parts of Shaanxi
第三句：与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。Unlike Taishan Mountain, where people often go to worship, there used to be few people going to Mount Hua as the roads to the mountains are extremely dangerous.
第四句：然而，希望长寿的人去经常上山，因为山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。However, people who wish to live longer often climb mountains as there are many herbs on them, especially some rare ones.
第五句：自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参加人数大大增加。
Since cable cars were installed in the 1990s, the number of visitors has increased dramatically.
2015年10月现代汉语真题 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。在每小 题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。） 1．汉语不靠词的形态变化来表示词与词的语法关系，而靠语序和虚词来表达语法关系，是（）。 A．综合语 B．黏着语 C．孤立语 D．屈折语 【答案】C 【解析】汉语属于孤立语，没有丰富的形态变化，语序和虚词是表达语法关系的主要手段，不像印欧语系中的屈折语那样，词与词的语法关系主要靠词本身的形态变化来表示。 【考点】绪论——现代汉语的特点 2．现代汉民族共同语的语音标准是（）。 A．天津语音 B．北京语音 C．上海语音 D．长沙语音 【答案】B 【解析】现代汉民族共同语以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范。 【考点】绪论——汉语的规范化和汉语课程的学习 3．属于单元音韵母的是（）。 A．本 B．白 C．不 D．别 【答案】C 【解析】A项的韵母是由元音带辅音构成的，B、D两项的韵母是复元音韵母。 【考点】语音——韵母 4．下列音节中，调值为214的是（）。 A．定 B．梨 C．开 D．猛 【答案】D 【解析】A项的调值是51，B项的调值是35，C项的调值是55。 【考点】语音——声调
5．说话时“啊”会变读为“呀”的是（）。 A．快说啊 B．真酷啊 C．真好听啊 D．天啊 【答案】A 【解析】前一音节的韵腹或韵尾是a、o（ao、iao除外）、e、i、v时，“啊”读成ya,文字可写作“呀”。 【考点】语音——音变 6．从总体来看，汉字字体演变的主流是（）。 A．简化 B．泛化 C．字母化 D．拼音化 【答案】A 【解析】从汉字字体演变的历史来看，总的趋势是由繁难变为简易，当然又是为了区别字义或注明字音，也有添加组字成分而使汉字繁复化的现象。不过，从总体上看，简化是汉字主体演变的主流。 【考点】文字——汉字的形体 7．“六书”中，属于汉字挺用方式的是（）。 A．指事 B．假借 C．会意 D．象形 【答案】B 【解析】六书”中，象形、指事、会意、形声指的是汉字的形体结构，转注、假借指的是使用方式，故答案选B。 【考点】文字——汉字的构成 8．下列汉字书写正确的是（）。 A．针贬 B．仓库 C．题纲 D．婉惜 【答案】B 【解析】A项“针贬”应为“针砭”，C项“题纲”应为“提纲”，D项“婉惜”应为“惋惜”。【考点】文字——汉字的简化、规范化和标准化 9．属于成词语素的是（）。 A．羽 B．走
2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套) Part I Writing (25 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onhow to best handle the relationshop between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather.
2016年国家司法考试真题卷三解析 1根据法律规定，下列哪一种社会关系应由民法调整？ A甲请求税务机关退还其多缴的个人所得税 B乙手机丢失后发布寻物启事称：“拾得者送还手机，本人当面酬谢”C丙对女友书面承诺：“如我在上海找到工作，则陪你去欧洲旅游”D丁作为青年志愿者，定期去福利院做帮工 解析 我国《民法通则》第2条规定：“中华人民共和国民法调整平等主体的公民之间、法人之间、公民和法人之间的财产关系和人身关系。”B项:乙丢失手机后发布寻物启事属于悬赏广告，由民法调整。所以，B项正确。 A项:甲请求税务机关退还个人所得税，甲与税务机关不是平等主体，不由民法调整。所以，A项错误。 C项:丙与女友之间的承诺属于生活关系，不由民法调整。所以，C项错误。 D项:丁作为志愿者去福利院帮工，丁与福利院之间不是平等主体。所以，D项错误。 综上所述，本题正确答案为B 2甲企业是由自然人安琚与乙企业（个人独资）各出资50%设立的普通合伙企业，欠丙企业货款50万元，由于经营不善，甲企业全部资产仅剩20万元。现所欠货款到期，相关各方因货款清偿发生纠纷.
对此，下列哪一表述是正确的？ A丙企业只能要求安琚与乙企业各自承担15万元的清偿责任 B丙企业只能要求甲企业承担清偿责任 C欠款应先以甲企业的财产偿还，不足部分由安琚与乙企业承担无限连带责任 D就乙企业对丙企业的应偿债务，乙企业投资人不承担责任 解析 我国《合伙企业法》第38条规定：“普通合伙企业对其债务，应先以其全部财产进行清偿。第39条规定：合伙企业不能偿还到期债务，合伙人承担无限连带责任。”所以，C项正确，ABD错误。 综上所述，本题正确答案为C。 3潘某去某地旅游，当地玉石资源丰富，且盛行“赌石”活动，买者购买原石后自行剖切，损益自负。潘某花5000元向某商家买了两块原石，切开后发现其中一块为极品玉石，市场估价上百万元。商家深觉不公，要求潘某退还该玉石或补交价款。对此，下列哪一选项是正确的？ A商家无权要求潘某退货 B商家可基于公平原则要求潘某适当补偿 C商家可基于重大误解而主张撤销交易 D商家可基于显失公平而主张撤销交易 解析 A项：“赌石”活动在该地盛行，则潘某与商家明确知悉赌石的相关
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 计算机科学与技术学科联考 计算机学科专业基础综合试题 一、单项选择题：第1~40小题，每小题2分，共80分。下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项最符合试题要求。 1. 若元素a 、b 、c 、d 、e 、f 依次进栈，允许进栈、退栈操作交替进行，但不允许连续三次进行退栈操作，则不． 可能得到的出栈序列是______。 A ．d c e b f a B ．c b d a e f C ．b c a e f d D ．a f e d c b 2. 某队列允许在其两端进行入队操作，但仅允许在一端进行出队操作。若元素a 、b 、c 、d 、e 依次入此队列后再进行出队操作，则不．可能得到的出队序列是______。 A ．b a c d e B ．d b a c e C ．d b c a e D ．e c b a d 3.下列线索二叉树中（用虚线表示线索），符合后序线索树定义的是______。 A ． B ． C ． D ． 4.在右图所示的平衡二叉树中，插入关键字48后得到一棵新平衡二叉树。在新平衡二叉树中，关键字37所在结点的左、右子结点中保存的关键字分别是______。 A ．13，48B ．24，48 C ．24，53 D 、24，90 5.在一棵度为4的树T 中，若有20个度为4的结点，10个度为3的结点，1个度为2的结点，10个度为1的结点，则树T 的叶结点个数是______。A ．41 B ．82 C ．113 D ．122 6. 对n （n ≥2）个权值均不相同的字符构造成哈夫曼树。下列关于该哈夫曼树的叙述中，错误．．的是______。 A ．该树一定是一棵完全二叉树。B ．树中一定没有度为1的结点。 C ．树中两个权值最小的结点一定是兄弟结点。 D ．树中任一非叶结点的权值一定不小于下一层任一结点的权值。 7.若无向图G=（V , E ）中含有7个顶点，要保证图G 在任何情况下都是连通的，则需要的边数最少是_____。 A ．6 B ．15 C ．16 D ．21 8.对右图进行拓扑排序，可以得到不同的拓扑序列的个数是_____。A ．4 B ． 3 C ．2 D ．1 9. 已知一个长度为16的顺序表L ，其元素按关键字有序排列。若采用折半查找法查找一个L 中不存在的元素，则关键字的比较次数最多的是_____。A ．4 B ．5 C ．6 D ．7 10.采用递归方式对顺序表进行快速排序。下列关于递归次数的叙述中，正确的是______。 A ．递归次数与初始数据的排列次序无关。 24 13 53 37 90
大学英语四级考试真题及答案(绝对完整） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow: 1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How Do You See Diversity? As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise. He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice. “It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes. “I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.” Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .
公务员考试行测真题答案解析(全) 1.【答案】D。寒冷天气户外锻炼时，应搓擦暴露在外的身体部位，以促进血液循环 2.【答案】B。《铡美案》—京剧—北京 中公解析：昆曲主要流传地是苏州昆山（属太仓州）一带；越剧主要流传地区是浙江；《花木兰》是豫剧，主要流传在河南。故本题答案选B。 3.【答案】A。平流层温度随高度增加而升高，对流层温度随高度增加而降低 4.【答案】C。（3）建立了经典力学体系 中公解析：图（1）、（2）、（3）、（4）中的人物分别是居里夫人、爱因斯坦、牛顿、达尔文。（1）居里夫人发现了放射性元素镭；（2）爱因斯坦提出了量子力学理论；（3）牛顿建立了经典力学体系；（4）达尔文提出了生物进化论理论。故本题答案选C。 5.【答案】C。用泡沫灭火器扑灭钠、镁等活泼金属火灾 6.【答案】C。上世纪50年代，在党政机关工作人员中开展“三反”运动：反贪污、反浪费、反盗骗国家财产 7.【答案】D。根据金属的耐腐蚀性，金属分重金属和轻金属 8.【答案】A。《史记》：李斯主张郡县制 中公解析：“孔融讨伐黄巾军”记载于《三国演义》，B项错误；“梁武帝舍身佛寺”记载于《梁书映帝纪》，C项错误；“王羲之泛舟东海”记载于《墨池记》，D项错误。故本题答案选A。 9.【答案】B。汽车引擎功率——马力 10.【答案】C。印刷在纸制品上的二维码是无效的 11.【答案】A。梅子金黄杏子肥，麦花雪白菜花稀 12.【答案】D。洞中方一日，世上已千年——运动的相对性
中公解析：“洞中方一日，世上已千年”包含的物理学知识是相对论中关于时空和引力的基本原理。根据爱因斯坦的相对论，在接近光速的宇宙飞船中航行，时间的流逝会比地球上慢得多，在这个“洞中”生活几天，则地球上已渡过了几年，几十年，甚至上千年。故本题答案选D。 13.【答案】A。清代——粉彩 14.【答案】B。某出租车公司通过兼并重组使其拥有的出租车数量达到原来的3倍 中公解析：A、C、D三项属于风险管理手段中的预防手段，损失预防是指在风险事故发生前，为了消除或减少可能引起损失的各种因素而采取的处理风险的具体措施，其目的在于通过消除或减少风险因素而降低损失发生的频率。B项不属于。故本题答案选B。 15.【答案】B。志深而笔长，梗概而多气——《左传》 16.【答案】B。天一阁 中公解析：天一阁是中国现存最早的私家藏书楼，也是亚洲现有最古老的图书馆和世界最早的三大家族图书馆之一。故本题答案选B。 17.【答案】C。冉阿让——视财如命的吝啬鬼 18.【答案】B。专心投水浒，回首望天朝——《单刀会》 中公解析：唱词“专心投水浒，回首望天朝”出自传奇剧本——《宝剑记》。故本题答案选B。 19.【答案】A。甲认为行政机关没有依法发给其抚恤金，起诉至法院 20.【答案】D。明清律中的“秋审”制度，反映了“人间司法应符合宇宙秩序”的观念 21.【答案】B。望尘莫及 中公解析：通读文段，文段的意思是说北宋工笔院体画水平很高，此前的工
2016年国家司法考试真题卷四答案及解析 一、（本题20分） 材料一：平等是社会主义法律的基本属性。任何组织和个人都必须尊重宪法法律权威，都必须在宪法法律范围内活动，都必须依照宪法法律行使权力或权利、履行职责或义务，都不得有超越宪法法律的特权。必须维护国家法制统一、尊严、权威，切实保证宪法法律有效实施，绝不允许任何人以任何借口任何形式以言代法、以权压法、徇私枉法。必须以规范和约束公权力为重点，加大监督力度，做到有权必有责、用权受监督、违法必追究，坚决纠正有法不依、执法不严、违法不究行为。（摘自《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》）材料二：全面推进依法治国，必须坚持公正司法。公正司法是维护社会公平正义的最后一道防线。所谓公正司法，就是受到侵害的权利一定会得到保护和救济，违法犯罪活动一定要受到制裁和惩罚。如果人民群众通过司法程序不能保证自己的合法权利，那司法就没有公信力，人民群众也不会相信司法。法律本来应该具有定分止争的功能，司法审判本来应该具有终局性的作用，如果司法不公、人心不服，这些功能就难以实现。 问题： 根据以上材料，结合依宪治国、依宪执政的总体要求，谈谈法律面前人人平等的原则对于推进严格司法的意义。 答题要求： 1．无观点或论述、照搬材料原文的不得分； 2．观点正确，表述完整、准确； 3．总字数不得少于400字。 【参考答案（要点）】 （一）坚持依法治国首先要坚持依宪治国，坚持依法执政首先要坚持依宪执政。宪法是国家的根本大法，是党和人民意志的集中体现，全国各族人民、一切国家机关和武装力量、各政党和各社会团体、各企业事业组织，都必须以宪法为根本活动准则。依宪治国、依宪执政必须贯彻法律面前人人平等的原则：一方面，宪法法律对所有公民和组织的合法权利予以平等保护，对受侵害的权利予以平等
2015年10月高等教育自学考试 工作分析试题卷 (课程代码06092) 本试题卷分为两部分，共6页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 第一部分第1页至第4页。应考者必须在答题卷上按要求填涂，不能答在试题卷上。第二部分第5页至第6页。应考者必须在答题卷上按要求答题，不能答在试题卷上。 第一部分（共40分） 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出并在答题卷上将相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1. 在职位说明书中，如“处理客户的电话咨询与投诉”，属于任职者的 A.任务 B.职责 C.职务 D.职责细分 2. 界定工作对任职者的教育程度、工作经验、知识、技能、心理特征等方面要求的是 A.工作描述 B.工作规范 C.职位评价 D?工作分类 3. 最早提出“四民分业定居论”，将职业分工划为士、农、工、商四类并按职业属性聚居的人是 A.管仲 B.孟子 C.荀子 D.孔子 4. 把工作分析列为科学管理原理五大原则的第一原则的人是 A.丹尼斯?狄德罗 B?芒斯特伯格 C.泰勒 D.吉尔布雷斯 5. 科学管理运动的创始人之一，被公认为是“动作研究之父”的人是 A.泰勒 B.斯科特
C.巴鲁什 D.弗兰克?吉尔布雷斯 6. 被认为是斯科特对工作分析的首要贡献事件是 A.面谈考核科学方法的形成 B.制订了军衔资格标准 C.入伍新兵分类 D.编写了人事配置表 工作分析试题卷第1页（共6页） 7.由心理学家弗莱内根开发的，为工作分析提供了最真实、客观与定性资料，广泛应用于非结构化工作分析的方法是 A.工作要素法 B.关键事件法 C.功能性工作分析法 D.任务清单法 8.侧重于调查工时利用、确定定额时间、总结先进工作方法的工作日写实法是 A.个人工作日写实法 B.访谈法 C.工组工作日写实法 D.观察法 9.对某工人压实工序进行测时记录为：1.1s、l_3s、1.7s、1.8s、1.6s,按算术平均法计算，该工人在这道工序的标准时间是 A. 1.4s B. 1.5s C. 1.6s D. 1.7s 10.对不同组织内管理层以上的职位进行分析，最适合的方法是 A.关键事件分析法 B.问卷法 C.观察法 D.管理职位分析问卷法 11.在工作分析信息收集中，以下属于外部组织或人员渠道的是 A.职业数据 B.职业信息网 C.组织的上游供应商 D.职位的任职者 12.选择业绩标准的提取方法时，对职责目标十分清晰且易于衡量的职责，一般是以什么为导向 A.时间 B.结果 C.关键点 D.差错率 13.在能力要素的等级界定中，具有较强的客观性，能引导任职者的行为改进的方法是 A.人群百分位法 B?等级行为描述法 C.利克特量表法 D.比较法 14.更适用中高层管理人员、技术人员和专业人员的任职资格构建的模型是 A.胜任特征模型 B. GATB模型 C. HAY的冰山模型 D. SWOT模型 15.将职位与特定的级别标准进行比较，且对职位要素进行量化评价的职位评价方法是 A.职位排序法 B?因素比较法 C.职位分类法 D.要素计点法 16.在海氏职位评价方法系统中，技能、解决问题能力与职位责任两级因素权重分配为(70%+30%)的形态被称为 A.上山型 B.中间型 C.下山型 D.平路型
2014-2019历年大学英语四级真题及答案 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题 Part I Writing （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like to take him/her to see and why? Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A）The man should visit the museums. B）She can’t stand the hot weather. C）The beach resort is a good choice. D）She enjoys staying in Washington. 2. A）Her new responsibilities in the company. B）What her job prospects are. C）What the customers’ feedbac k is. D）The director’s opinion of her work. 3. A）Combine her training with dieting. B）Repeat the training every three days. C）Avoid excessive physical training. D）Include weightlifting in the program. 4. A）When she will return home. B）Whether she can go by herself. C）Whether she can travel by air. D）When she will completely recover. 5. A）The woman knows how to deal with the police. B）The woman had been fined many times before. C）The woman had violated traffic regulations. D）The woman is good at finding excuses. 6. A）Switch off the refrigerator for a while. B）Have someone repair the refrigerator. C）Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. D）Buy a refrigerator of better quality. 7. A）He owns a piece of land in the downtown area. B）He has got enough money to buy a house. C）He can finally do what he has dreamed of. D）He is moving into a bigger apartment. 8. A）She is black and blue all over. B）She has to go to see a doctor. C）She stayed away from work for a few days. D）She got hurt in an accident yesterday.
云南省公务员考试历年真题及解析 2015年云南公务员考试公告、报名注意事项、职位表等最新资讯及免费备考资料请点击： 《申论》试卷 满分100分时限150分钟 一、注意事项 1.本卷科目代码为“2”，请在答题卡相应位置准确填涂。 2.本题本由给定资料与作答要求两部分构成。考试时限为150分钟。其中，阅读给定资料参考时限为40分钟，作答参考时限为110分钟。 3.请在题本、答题卡指定位置上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的姓名和准考证号，并用2B铅笔在准考证号对应的数字上填涂。 4.请用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上指定的区域内作答，超出答题区域的作答无效! 5.待监考人员宣布考试开始后，你才可以开始答题。 6.所有题目一律使用现代汉语作答，未按要求作答的，不得分。 7.监考人员宣布考试结束时，考生应立即停止作答，将题本、答题卡和草稿纸都翻过来留在桌上，待监考人员确认数量无误、允许离开后，方可离开。 严禁折叠答题卡! 二、给定资料 1.大批赴美志愿者汉语教师在美国校园和社区内担当着文化使者的角色，来自四川的高中教师小琼就是其中之一。为期一年的赴美教学经历给她、她的美国学生乃至美国“街坊邻居”都留下珍贵记忆。
小琼在俄克拉荷马州一座小城执教，借住在一对老夫妇家中。小城只有一家沃尔玛超市。用男主人加里的话说，“全镇人几乎互相都认识”。这个四川姑娘每次出门都会被当地人认出来，很多人都会友善地同她打招呼。 文化交流归根结底是人的交流、感情的交融。小琼说，自己在2008年汶川大地震中不幸失去双亲，很长时间难以从悲伤中走出来，但这对美国老夫妇的悉心照顾、小镇居民的热情让她真切感受到人间真情。 和其他汉语教师一样，小琼也配备了介绍中国文化的“资源包”，内容从神话故事、历史名人到古典名着不一而足。不过，在和孩子们的接触中，她本身就是当地人了解中国的一个“资源包”。“你们也有手机么?”“家中有电视吗?”一个个问题背后是美国孩子对中国的不了解。当然，在打开“资源包”的同时也不可避免引发价值观碰撞。“美国老师不加班、中国老师爱加班”“中国人爱储蓄”，甚至小琼想起万里之外家人时充盈的泪水，都让孩子们乃至大人们真切地感知着“中国人”的家庭观念，碰撞后带来的是了解和欣赏。 “我们觉得她是最好的‘中国制造’。”加里对记者幽默道，“如果你们国家要派出中国文化大使，选我们的琼准没错。” 当记者在世界各地问起：“提起中国文化，您会想到什么?”在赤道边春城内罗毕，中非关系专业在读研究生瑟库拉这样告诉记者：“孔子，我会想到他。我上过不少有关中国外交、非中关系的课，每次遇到理解不了的思想时，我们就开玩笑说‘这是孔子的思想’，每次辩论课上找论据时，我们最后总会找到‘孔子曰……’。西方也有很多先贤，但中国先贤似乎我只了解孔子。” 在内罗毕CBD地区一家大排档餐厅，28岁的顾客贝利对记者说：“我通过在内罗毕工作的中国人了解中国文化。我觉得要想让肯尼亚人了解中国文化，最重要的是生活在本地的中国人的
1、高某利用职务便利多次收受贿赂，还雇凶将举报他的下属王某打成重伤。关于本案庭前会议，下列哪些选项是正确的? A.高某可就案件管辖提出异议 B.王某提起附带民事诉讼的，可调解 C.高某提出其口供系刑讯所得，法官可在审查讯问时同步录像的基础上决定是否排除口供 D.庭前会议上出示过的证据，庭审时举证、质证可简化 2、下列哪一行为应以危险驾驶罪论处? A.醉酒驾驶机动车，误将红灯看成绿灯，撞死2名行人 B.吸毒后驾驶机动车，未造成人员伤亡，但危及交通安全 C.在驾驶汽车前吃了大量荔枝，被交警以呼气式酒精检测仪测试到酒精含量达到醉酒程度 D.将汽车误停在大型商场地下固定卸货车位，后在醉酒时将汽车从地下三层开到地下一层的停车位 3、关于证人证言与鉴定意见，下列哪一选项是正确的? A.证人证言只能由自然人提供，鉴定意见可由单位出具 B.生理上、精神上有缺陷的人有时可以提供证人证言，但不能出具鉴定意见 C.如控辩双方对证人证言和鉴定意见有异议的，相应证人和鉴定人均应出庭 D.证人应出庭而不出庭的，其庭前证言仍可能作为证据;鉴定人应出庭而不出庭的，鉴定意见不得作为定案根据 4、关于单位犯罪，下列哪些选项是正确的? A.就同一犯罪而言，单位犯罪与自然人犯罪的既遂标准完全相同 B.《刑法》第一百七十条未将单位规定为伪造货币罪的主体，故单位伪造货币的，相关自然人不构成犯罪 C.经理赵某为维护公司利益，召集单位员工殴打法院执行工作人员，拒不执行生效判决的，成立单位犯罪 D.公司被吊销营业执照后，发现其曾销售伪劣产品20万元。对此，应追究相关自然人销售伪劣产品罪的刑事责任
5、甲因琐事与乙发生口角进而厮打，推搡之间，不慎致乙死亡。检察院以甲涉嫌过失致人死亡提起公诉，乙母丙向法院提起附带民事诉讼。关于本案处理，下列哪些选项是正确的? A.法院可对附带民事部分进行调解 B.如甲与丙经法院调解达成协议，调解协议中约定的赔偿损失内容可分期履行 C.如甲提出申请，法院可组织甲与丙协商以达成和解 D.如甲与丙达成刑事和解，其约定的赔偿损失内容可分期履行 6、关于结果加重犯，下列哪一选项是正确的? A.故意杀人包含了故意伤害，故意杀人罪实际上是故意伤害罪的结果加重犯 B.****罪、强制猥亵妇女罪的犯罪客体相同，****、强制猥亵行为致妇女重伤的，均成立结果加重犯 C.甲将乙拘禁在宾馆20楼，声称只要乙还债就放人。乙无力还债，深夜跳楼身亡。甲的行为不成立非法拘禁罪的结果加重犯 D.甲以胁迫手段抢劫乙时，发现仇人丙路过，于是立即杀害丙。甲在抢劫过程中杀害他人，因抢劫致人死亡包括故意致人死亡，故甲成立抢劫致人死亡的结果加重犯 7、高某利用职务便利多次收受贿赂，还雇凶将举报他的下属王某打成重伤。关于本案庭前会议，下列哪些选项是正确的? A.高某可就案件管辖提出异议 B.王某提起附带民事诉讼的，可调解 C.高某提出其口供系刑讯所得，法官可在审查讯问时同步录像的基础上决定是否排除口供 D.庭前会议上出示过的证据，庭审时举证、质证可简化 8、关于李某脱逃后的诉讼程序，下列选项正确的是： A.李某脱逃后，法院可中止审理 B.在通缉李某一年不到案后，甲市检察院可向甲市中级法院提出没收李某违法所得的申请 C.李某的近亲属只能在6个月的公告期内申请参加诉讼 D.在审理没收违法所得的案件过程中，李某被抓捕归案的，法院应裁定终止审理 9、3万元
第十一套模拟试题参考答案及解析 1. 算法的设计可以避开具体的计算机程序设计语言，但算法的实现必须借助程序设计语言中提供的数据类型及其算法。数据结构和算法是计算机科学的两个重要支柱。它们是一个不可分割的整体。算法在运行过程中需辅助存储空间的大小称为算法的空间复杂度。算法的有穷性是指一个算法必须在执行有限的步骤以后结束。 本题答案为C。 2. 所谓完全二叉树是指除最后一层外，每一层上的结点数均达到最大值；在最后一层上只缺少右边的若干结点。 具有n个结点的完全二叉树，其父结点数为int(n/2)，而叶子结点数等于总结点数减去父结点数。本题n=699，故父结点数等于int(699/2)=349，叶子结点数等于699-349=350。 本题答案是B。 3. 要形成良好的程序设计风格，主要应注重和考虑下述一些因素：符号名的命名应具有一定的实际含义，以便于对程序功能的理解；正确的注释能够帮助读者理解程序；程序编写应优先考虑清晰性，除非对效率有特殊要求，程序编写要做到清晰第一，效率第二。 本题答案为A。 4. 关系数据库管理系统能实现的专门关系运算，包括选择运算、投影运算、连接运算。 本题答案为B。 5. 确认测试的任务是验证软件的功能和性能及其他特性是否满足了需求规格说明中的确定的各种需求，以及软件配置是否完全、正确。 本题答案为A。 6. 数据库概念设计的过程中，视图设计一般有三种设计次序，它们是： 1、自顶向下。这种方法是先从抽象级别高且普遍性强的对象开始逐步细化、具体化与特殊化。 2、由底向上。这种设计方法是先从具体的对象开始，逐步抽象，普遍化与一般化，最后形成一个完整的视图设计。 3、由内向外。这种设计方法是先从最基本与最明显的对象着手逐步扩充至非基本、不明显的其它对象。 本题答案为D。 7. 数据流相当于一条管道，并有一级数据（信息）流经它。在数据流图中，用标有名字的箭头表示数据流。数据流可以从加工流向加工，也可以从加工流向文件或从文件流向加工，并且可以从外部实体流向系统或从系统流向外部实体。 本题答案为C。 8. 软件设计包括软件结构设计、数据设计、接口设计和过程设计。其中结构设计是定义软件系统各主要部件之间的关系；数据设计是将分析时创建的模型转化为数据结构的定义；接口设计是描述软件内部、软件和操作系统之间及软件与人之间如何通信；过程设计则是把系统结构部件转换成软件的过程性描述。 本题答案为B。 9. 当数据表A中每个元素距其最终位置不远，说明数据表A按关键字值基本有序，在待排序序列基本有序的情况下，采用插入排序所用时间最少。 本题答案为B。 10. 在文件系统中，相互独立的记录其内部结构的最简单形式是等长同格式记录的集合，
Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear three news the end of each news report,you will hear two or three the news report and the questions will be spoken only you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A)By taking pictures for passers-by. C)By selling lemonade and pictures. B)By working part time at a hospital. D)By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A)They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B)They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C)They are only about half an inch thick. D)They are made from cheap materials. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.
1、给定资料3-6缉拿了我国传统节日被“淡化”和“异化”的诸多现象，请指出具体表现。（25分）要求：内容全面，观点明确，逻辑清晰，语言准确，不超过300字。 解析：单一式概括题 要求中出现逻辑清晰，需要对淡化和异化进行分类概括。 淡化主要是在材料三、四中，异化主要在材料五、六。 淡化：不少人特别是年轻人不知道节日文化的内涵，节日生活空荡荡，无事可做。对传统民俗遗忘，节日氛围缺失，节日以吃为主要基调，节日主要文化活动是看电视。 异化：传统节日变成了社交资源的主要契机，节日食品，节日传统式微，对文化符号和功能意义曲解或淡忘，对传统节日事象妄谈。 2、根据给定资料判断并分析下列观点的正误，并简要说明理由。（20分） 解析：综合分析题。此题只需要对两个观点判断对错，并进行分析即可。 第一个观点是错误的。原因：传统是被不断发明、生产和再生产出来的，现有的传统并非一成不变的。今天出现的文化现象，实际上也正在为促成向后延续的传统增加新的因素。在工业化和城市化面前，传统文化的不断创新，会使文化得到进一步传承、发展、弘扬。 第二个观点是正确的。在当前的文化语境下，不少人特别是年轻人不知道节日文化的内涵，节日生活空荡荡，无事可做，即使“申遗”成功，也不会引起人们对于传统节日文化的重 视。 3、某公益组织与策划一次名为“月满中秋”的公益活动，向全社会发出重视传统节日的文 化倡导。请你写出该倡议书的主要内容。（20分） 要求：目标清楚，内容具体，倡议具有可操作性，300字左右。 解析：此题题目要求中明确提出倡议具有可操作性，因此在作答中侧重倡议书内容，以对策为主。 倡议：1、保护传统文化。要珍爱中华民族的优良传统，在全球文化交融中更加自觉地运 用多种形式保护传统文化，传承传统文化。2、过好传统节日。配合国务院把传统节日纳入法定节日的举措，过好各具特色的民族节日，积极开展节庆文体娱乐活动。3、弘扬传统美德。以过好节日为载体，大力弘扬庄敬自强、孝老爱亲、家庭和睦、重诺守信等传统美德，弘扬爱国守法、明礼诚信、团结友善、勤俭自强、敬业奉献的公民基本道德规范。4、锻造民族精神。在新的形势下自觉发扬爱国主义精神、包容和谐的精神、扶助友爱的精神、刻苦耐劳的精神、革故鼎新的精神，增强民族自信心、自豪感。5、发展文化产业。依托传统节日资源，发展节庆用品生产、文化艺术展演、旅游观光等产业，促进传统文化现代化，推动优秀传统文化走出国门，走向世界。 4、南宋思想家朱熹曾说：自敬，则敬之；自慢，则人慢之。请你从给定的资料处罚，结 合实际，以“增强民族自信重建节日文化”为标题，写一篇文章谈谈自己的体会与思考。（35分）要求：主题正确，内容丰富，论证深入，语言流畅900-1100字。 解析：为命题式作文，标题为“增强民族自信重建节日文化”。因为题目内容偏正面，因 此适宜写政论文。题目中虽然谈的是重建节日文化，但是主旨还是谈的对于传统文化的传承。只要在文章中谈到对节日文化重建，对传统文化传承，均可。 答：当今社会，小到个人、企业，大到国家都开意识到文化的重要。曾几何时，中华文化有如一丝耀眼的曙光，照亮了人类文明的蛮荒大地，从此便一直站在人类文明发展的最前沿，引领着人类文化的进步和繁荣，形成了自信积极的文化自信心。然而自鸦片战争以降，在西方军事、科技、经济和文化猛烈冲击之下，中华文化逐渐丧失了自信心，不断地徘徊在盲目自大和妄自菲薄的怪圈里。 重建文化自信，不能靠吃老本，而必须依靠创新。我国有着五千年光辉灿烂的历史，也有着可与日月争辉、能同天地齐寿的文化成果，但不可否认的是，文化是不断发展、变化与革新