2015年考研郑州大学翻译硕士真题网友回忆版

贸大翻硕——2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题汇总各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。

谁是“中山装”的创始人？孙中山夸父是哪个部落的族裔？炎帝我国的哪一个民族有纪念“盘古皇”的习惯？瑶族测量降水量用什么作为单位？毫米穿越我国领土距离最长的纬线是：北纬40度.“喇嘛”藏语是什么意思？至胜无上胡逸之跟随陈圆圆二十三年之中，陈圆圆向他说过几句话？55句波旁王朝是哪个国家的？法国太平天国由盛转衰的事件是：领导集团的内部斗争撒尿小孩铜像坐落于：布鲁塞尔中国第一个开发的海底油田位置在：渤海“究天人之际，通古今之变，成一家之言”是谁的名言？司马迁下列国家中森林覆盖率没有超过60%的是：中国北京的十三陵是哪个朝代的皇帝的陵墓？明第一次华山论剑的胜利者是：王重阳不属于佛教三宝的是：禅刘邦建立汉朝不久，韩信被封为：楚王周口店猿人制造的石器是：打制的匈奴悲歌：“失我祁连山，使我六畜不着息；失我燕支山，使我嫁妇无颜色。

”说的是哪位将军？霍去病玛瑙上的一圈圈花纹形成于：不同时期请选出不在东非大裂谷带上的国家：摩洛哥在牧野誓师，大破商纣的是：周武王1898年发生的变法是：戊戌变法世界上14座海拨超过8000米的高峰全部集中在：青藏高原欧美国家传统认为2月的诞生石是：紫晶克里奥佩特拉是哪个王朝的君主？托勒密王朝澳大利亚首都是：堪培拉下列哪个国家是龙卷风频繁发生的地方？美国世界上面积最大的高原是：巴西高原俄国十月革命发生在哪一年？1917闻名于世的指南针、印刷术和火药三大发明，开发和应用主要是在：北宋我国在何时产生了冶铁技术？春秋中期废除宰相一职始于：明朝阿姆斯特朗是乘哪个飞船成功登月的：阿波罗11号澳门唯一的一种矿产是：花岗石矿影响新疆绿洲农业的主要因素是：水源“布拉格之春”事件发生在：捷克斯洛伐克历时最长的封建王朝是：唐朝印度最大的城市孟买人口超过：600万孙武字什么？子卿吴三桂在清朝初期在哪里宣布独立？云南直升机停在半空中时，它的旋翼是：仍在转动土耳其人最早制造硬币的材料是用：金银合金世界水城威尼斯有多少个岛屿？一百多个惟知跃进是谁的口号？李大钊一战后的法西斯党在哪里出现？意大利国际奥委会在哪里建立？巴黎瑞士是联合国的成员国吗？从来不是在四大金刚中“琵琶天王”是指：东方天王岩石是指：矿物组成的集合体塔西提岛在哪里？太平洋在英国，“瘦月”是指：八月世界上海洋深度最大地方是：马利亚纳海沟数学符号中的“0”起源于：古印度《永乐大典》是什么时候纂修的？明朝我国现存的最大的皇家园林是：承德避暑山庄中国历史上第一个王朝时代是：夏人权宣言是在哪个会议上通过的？制宪会议梭伦是著名的诗人和政治家，他是哪里人？雅典傅雷家书是给谁的？儿子范蠡是谁的手下？勾践翻译硕士高校排名第一批:1.北大招生30名，其中推免202.北外英语笔译60名(学制两年)(好像除了翻译基础和汉语百科，会考俄日法德其中一门二外)3.南开英语口笔译非在职和在职生各招收30名4.复旦英语笔译30名5.同济英语笔译德语笔译未列招生人数6.上海交大英语笔译未列招生人数7.上外英语笔译35人(下设法律翻译，公/商务笔译，专业编译三个方向)英语口译15人(下设会议口译方向，公/商务口译方向和陪同口译方向)法语口译5人8.南大英语笔译35人9.厦大英语口笔译各15人10.中南大学英语口笔译未列招生人数11.湖南师范英语口笔译未列招生人数12.中山英语笔译20人英语口译10人13.西南大学英语笔译未列招生人数14.广外英语笔译60人英语口译40人日语笔译20人日语口译10人法语口译10人其中英语翻译硕士复试参考书目991|翻译实务(笔译):1、《实用翻译教程(修订版)》，刘季春主编，中山大学出版社，2007年。

2015年国际关系学院研究生入学考试《英语翻译基础》真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译1.英译汉_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _2.whole food（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：全天然食品；全营养食品)3.bilateral extradition treaty（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：双边引渡条约)4.misappropriation of public funds（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案：(正确答案：挪用公款)5.outsourcing industry（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：外包产业)6.photosynthesis（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：光合作用)7.Kurds（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：库尔德人)8.collective bargaining agreement_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：劳资协议)9.Economics of transition（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：转轨经济学)10.premium car manufacture（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案：(正确答案：高档汽车制造)11.Deputy Assistant Secretary of State（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：副助理国务卿)12.ISS（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：国际空间站(International Space Station))13.IAACA（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _________正确答案：(正确答案：国际反贪局联合会(International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities))14."ISIS"（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案："伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国" ("Islamic State in Iraq and Syria"))15.WMO（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：世界气象组织(World Meteorological Organization))16.CIO_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：首席信息官(Chief Information Office))17.汉译英_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 18.注册会计师（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：certified public accountant)19.预选赛（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：qualifying game/preliminaries)20.北京拥堵的道路（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：highly congested roads of Beijing)21.中华全国新闻工作者协会（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：All-China Journalists' Association)22.污染食品（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：contaminated food)23.挂羊头卖狗肉（分数：2.00）_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：sail under false colors/bait-and-switch tactics in business)24.经济师（分数：2.00）。

2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题汇总各位2016年考研的小伙伴们，欢迎大家来到才思教育，今天给大家着重的分析一下关于对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI考研的相关内容。

第一部分百科知识请对划线部分知识进行解释。

（50分）1.歼-15在“辽宁舰”上首次进行阻拦着陆和滑跃起飞试验飞行，罗阳同志为现场总指挥。

2．莎士比亚从英伦三岛走向国际化的过程中，歌德的推介功劳至大。

而在莎士比亚作品中国化的过程中，几代中国文化人筚路蓝缕、薪尽火传，林纾、田汉、朱生豪、曹未风、曹禺等人的名字与莎剧中国化息息相关。

3．东盟峰会在金边举行，峰会期间，与会东盟领导人将重点与会领导人将讨论具体落实《东盟宪章》各项目标、讨论深化区域合作、推进区域一体化进程、积极应对欧债危机及世界经济恢复乏力带来的诸多全球性挑战等重大问题。

4．世界各国的历法分虽然格式不同，但按其本质来分,共有三种,即阳历、阴历、阴阳历。

5.十八大报告中，胡锦涛提出“两个翻一番”和“两个一百年”,令海内外全体炎黄子孙共同为之欣喜、振奋和自豪。

“第二部分应用文写作（40分）根据下面三个人即曹宁、舒洁、查理的对话，以曹宁的名义书写一封致查理的“商业信函”，不少于450字。

表达受访的基本意见。

包括主体和落款。

是一个关于商标转让的谈话，对话比较长。

有一些他们关于商标转让合作的细节，阅读时要自己筛选信息，整合一下，用在信函里。

曹宁（受方，买方），舒洁（经纪人），查理（卖方，出口方）。

对话：（略）第三部分写作(60分）阅读下列材料，根据自己的理解，写一篇不少于800字的短文。

题目：译事不宜作为译者，当初生牛犊的蛮劲过去之后，有了一定的阅读、翻译积累，落笔往往更小心、更费思量。

早先也一度恪守“死忠”，无限地忠于原文，不敢越雷池一步，好似讲人话的金山词霸。

这一方面是经验缺乏，阅读量、实践量不够，故而下笔如履薄冰；另一方面也是文字功底浅，硬伤在身，文采也就成奢谈，被人诟病“学生腔太浓”也不足为奇。

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.”The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now.10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional kinship” of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1.[A] when [B] why [C] how[D] what2.[A] defended[B] concluded[C] withdrawn [D] advised3.[A] for [B] with [C] on[D] by4.[A] compared[B] sought [C] separated[D] connected5.[A] tests [B] objects [C] samples [D] examples6.[A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C] unreliable [D] incredible7.[A] visit [B] miss [C] seek[D] know8.[A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9.[A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10.[A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise[D] Perhaps11.[A] about [B] to [C] from [D] like12.[A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D] limit13.[A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14.[A] chances [B] responses [C] missions [D] benefits15.[A] later [B] slower [C] faster[D] earlier16.[A] forecast [B] remember [C] understand [D] express17.[A] unpredictable [B] contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18.[A] endeavor [B] decision [C] arrangement[D] tendency19.[A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20.[A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history — and sometimes the way they behave today — embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchieshave largely survived because they provide a service — as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain ________.[A] used to enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] eased his relationship with his rivals[D] ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly ________.[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voters more public figures to look up to[D] due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobility’s adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles ________.[A] takes a tough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined.[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne.[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs.[D] Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats.Text 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone —a vast storehouse of digital information —is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they gothrough the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly burdensome for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to ________.[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of________.[A] disapproval[B] indifference[C] tolerance[D] cautiousness28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to________.[A] getting into one’s residence[B] handling one’s historical records[C] scanning one’s correspondences[D] going through one’s wallet29. In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that ________.[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed[B] the court is giving police less room for action[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected[D] phones are used to store sensitive information30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that________.[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution[C] California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution[D] principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Boar d of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role. He agreed to join because he “found the foresight be hind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he s ays, but he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and e ditors who can verify the proc ess”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the fi rst place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that ________.[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to ________.[A] found[B] marked[C] revised[D] stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may ________.[A] pose a threat to all its peers[B] meet with strong opposition[C] increase Science’s circulation[D] set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now ________.[A] adds to researchers’ workload[B] diminishes the role of reviewers[C] has room for further improvement[D] is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect.[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks.[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science.Text 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market. But “it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes —finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge — the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For ageneration, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions —nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by ________.[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues[D] the wide misuse of integrity among institutions37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s defence________.[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows________.[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral code40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central in news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. (41) _____________________ Y ou begin to infer acontext for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues; (42) _____________________ Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _____________________Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) _____________________ This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page — including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns — debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45) _____________________ Such dimensions of reading suggest — as others introduced later in the book will also do — that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a givencourse? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? W ays of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age andsocial class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presentedin the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, imageor reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, orabout its validity — inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, notnecessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might calltextual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration — one of the great folk wanderings of history — swept from Europe to America.(46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces — the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance sm elt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2015年真题答案速查Section ⅠUse of English (10 points)1-5 DBCAC6-10 ADABD11-15 BABDC 16-20 CBDCASection ⅡReading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21-25 DABDC 26-30 CAACB31-35 BBDCA36-40 ABCACPart B (10 points)41-45 CEGBAPart C (10 points)46. 在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次(移民)运动在一片荒野上建立了一个国家，并且就本质而言，塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2015考研英语真题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as“related”as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_. While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.” The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was thesimilar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genesStudying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor. The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population. 1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what 2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised 3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by 4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected 5. [A] tests [B] s [C]samples [D] examples 6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible 7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know 8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass 9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus 10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps 11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like 12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit 13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with 14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits 15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier 16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express 17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D]disruptive 18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency 19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic 20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity. It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting VaticanCity and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image. While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example. It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies. 21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain [A] used turn enjoy high public support [B] was unpopular among European royals [C] cased his relationship with his rivals [D]ended his reign in embarrassment 22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly [A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status [B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality [C] to give voter more public figures to look up to [D]due to their everlasting political embodiment 23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4? [A] Aristocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth [B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies [C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families [D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges 24. The British royals “have most to fear”because Charles [A] takes a rough line on political issues [B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised [C] takes republicans as his potential allies [D] fails to adapt himself to his future role 25. Which of the following is the best title of the text? [A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined [B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne [C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs [D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats TEXT 2 Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest. California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants. They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloudcomputing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier. But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now. 26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to [A] search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant. [B] check suspects’phone contents without being authorized. [C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents. [D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones. 27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of [A] tolerance. [B] indifference. [C] disapproval. [D] cautiousness. 28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to [A] getting into one’s residence. [B] handing one’s historical records. [C] scanning one’s correspondences. [D] going through one’s wallet. 29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concernthat [A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed. [B] the court is giving police less room for action. [C] phones are used to store sensitive information. [D] citizens’privacy is not effective protected. 30.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that (A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly. (B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution. (C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution. (D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered. Text 3 The journal Science is adding an extra round ofstatistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings. “Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by itsexisting Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find externalstatisticians to review these manus. Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.” 31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that [A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process. [B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks. [C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis. [D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects. 32、The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to [A]found. [B]revised. [C]marked [D]stored 33、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may [A]pose a threat to all its peers [B]meet with strong opposition [C]increase Science’s circulation. [D]set an example for other journals 34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now A. adds to researchers’worklosd. B. diminishes the role of reviewers. C. has room for further improvement. D. is to fail in the foreseeable future. 35. Which of the following is the best title of the text? A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect C. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’Desks D. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science Text 4 Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”. Driving her point home, she continued: “It’sincreasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become oneof the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking . As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds. In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility,shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability. The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers. 36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by [A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism [B] companies’financial loss due to immoral practices. [C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues. [D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions. 37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that [A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime [B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking. [C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge. [D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions. 38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference [A] revealed a cunning personality [B] centered on trivial issues [C] was hardly convincing [D] was part of a conspiracy 39. The author holds that the current collective doctrineshows [A] generally distorted values [B] unfair wealth distribution [C] a marginalized lifestyle [D] a rigid moral cote 40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph? [A] The quality of writing is of primary importance. [B] Common humanity is central news reporting. [C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper. [D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations. Part B Directions In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from thelist A-G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks .Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings forindividual words and working out relationships between them drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)________You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where. The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist notjust of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)_________ Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or "true" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of text to the world.(43)_________ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)_______ This doesn`t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page--including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns--debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values. How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it,(45)________Such dimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading. It doesn`t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overallliteracy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment. [A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room. [B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading ,our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others. [C] If you unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them. [D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended. [E] You make further inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible. Section III Translation Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth andearly eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. 49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the WestIndies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During theirsix- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.”said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. Section IV Writing Part A 51. Directions: You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members. You should state reasons for your recommendation. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) Part B 52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should 1) describe the drawing briefly 2) explain its intended meaning, and 3) give your comments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)一.Close test 1、What 2、Concluded 3、On 4、Compared 5、Samples 6、Insignificant 7、Know 8、Resemble 9、Also 10、Perhaps 11、To 12、Drive 13、Ratherthan 14、Benefits 15、Faster 16、understand 17、Contributory 18、Tendency 19、Ethnic 20、see II Reading comprehension Part A Text 1 21. C ended his regin in embarrassment 22. A owing to their undoubted and respectable status 23. C the role of the nobility in modern democracy 24. D fails to adapt himsself to his future role 25. B Carlos, a lesson for all European Monarchies Text 2 26. B check suspect's phone contents without being authorized. 27.C disapproval 28.A getting into one's residence 29. D citizens' privacy is not effectively protected 30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution Text 3 31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks 32.C marked 33. D set an example for other journals 34. C has room for further improvement 35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers Text 4 36. A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism 37. B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking 38. C was hardly convincing 39. A generally distorted values 40. C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper Part B 41.C if you are unfamiliar... 42.E you make further inferences... 43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to... 44.B factors such as... 45.A are we studying that ... Part C 46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

2015年考研又结束了，虽然是抱着打酱油的心态去的，但为了减少像我这样打酱油的童鞋们，我把今年翻译硕士英语真题给大家回顾下，希望对明年考研的你们提供些许帮助。

翻译硕士英语：2015.12.28上午8:30~11:30一．英汉互译1.ISBN（国际标准图书编号)2.UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)3.CBS(哥伦比亚广播公司)4.CAD(计算机辅助设计)5.BOCOG(北京奥组委)6.R.S.V.P(请回复)7.CRI(国际广播电台)8.D/A(数位类比转换)9.irrevocable L/C(不可撤销信用证) 10.Standing committee member(常务委员)11.Buddhists Scriptures(佛教经文) 12.Supervisor of public opinion(公众舆论)13.Environment friendly products(环保产品)14.Housing project for low income families(安居工程)15.Department of Home New for overseas service16.棋逢对手(Diamond cut diamond)17.昙花一现(a flash in the pan) 18.应急预案(contingency plan)19.教书育人(impart knowledge and educate people) 20.幼主(princekin)21.山寨产品(Fake products)22.23.甲骨文(Oracle)24.申诉方(complaining party)25.二进制位(binary digit)26.客座教授(visiting professor)27.版税(copyright royalty)28.全天候(all weather) 29.同声传译(simultaneous interpretation)30.世界纪录保持者(world-record holder)二．英译汉(60points)Freeman and slave,patrician and plebeian,lord and serf,guild-master and journeyman,in a word, oppressor and oppressed,stood in constant opposition to one another,carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden,now open fight,a fight that each time ended,either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large,or in the common ruin of the contending classes.In the earlier epochs of history,we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders,a manifold gradation of social rank.In ancient Rome we have patricians, knights,plebeians,slaves;in the Middle Ages,feudal lords,vassals,guild-masters,journeymen, apprentices,serfs;in almost all of these classes,again,subordinate gradations.The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with clash antagonisms.It has but established new classes,new conditions of oppression,new forms of struggle in place of the old ones.Our epoch,the epoch of the bourgeoisie,possesses,however,this distinctive feature:it has simplified the class antagonisms:Society as a whole is more and moresplitting up into two great hostile camps,into two great classes,directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat.From the serfs of the Middle Ages sprang the chartered burghers of the earliest towns.From these burgesses the first elements of the bourgeoisie were developed.The discovery of America,the rounding of the Cape,opened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisie.The East-Indian and Chinese markets,the colonisation of America,trade with the colonies,the increase in the means of exchange and in commodities generally,gave to commerce, to navigation,to industry,an impulse never before known,and thereby,to the revolutionary element in the tottering feudal society,a rapid development.The feudal system of industry,under which industrial production was monopolised by closed guilds,now no longer sufficed for the growing wants of the new markets.The manufacturing system took its place.The guild-masters were pushed on one side by the manufacturing middle class;division of labour between the different corporate guilds vanished in the face of division of labour in each single workshop.Meantime the markets kept ever growing,the demand ever rising.Even manufacture no longer sufficed.Thereupon,steam and machinery revolutionised industrial production.The place of manufacture was taken by the giant,Modern Industry,the place of the industrial middle class,by industrial millionaires,the leaders of whole industrial armies,the modern bourgeois.三．汉译英(60points)天色渐昏，大雨欲来，车夫加劲赶路，说天要变了。

/【真题回忆版】2015厦大考研：英语翻硕本内容由聚英厦门大学研究生招生信息网为大家收集有关厦门大学考研信息：翻译硕士英语单选难度不大，还考了几道之前做过的（貌似是其他学校的真题），切记一定要打好基础，扩大词汇量，改错题偏简单（我一直以为是类似专八的改错（换词，删词，添词），后来发现原来只是换词，还是要夯实基础，阅读应该属于专八难度，出题较巧，既要注意细节，又要注重宏观的把握，今年考了一篇专八06 年阅读A，讲网络大学的，一篇关注海洋生物的文章，一篇我竟然没印象了。

一篇黑格尔对美学的看法，看完我也是醉了，不好理解。

大作文是谈在信息时代，对培根Of Studies 中提出的：“Some books also may be read by deputy, and extractsmade of them by others" 的看法。

英语翻译基础汉译英比较简单，考了：法治，基层民主，香港特别行政区，巡回法庭，司法公正，拔尖人才，救死扶伤，吸收世界文明成果，独立关税区，海水淡化工程，纳尔逊.曼德拉，安特卫普，半官方协议什么来着……英译汉就哭瞎了，考了arcade building, enclosure movement,metallurgy,equivocal,vacillation,put out all the stops,flash sale, GOP,VIE（缩略词有给出全称）还有几个完全不认识的，记不得了。

两篇英译汉，感觉比往年篇幅长，第一篇讲了会计的历史，难度偏大，第二篇讲的是写作艺术和写作技巧的比较；两篇汉译英，第一篇讲教育与收入的关系，第二篇介绍西藏（解放前后的对比）。

总体感觉是篇幅长了不多，难度中上。

百科知识与汉语写作百科知识今年变化好大，由之前的25 道问答题变成了10 道简单题，每题5 分，有些压根没见过，所以直接哭瞎。

今年考了《诗经.采薇》主人公职业，要去往何处，来到何处；“色不异空，空不异色，色即是空，空即是色”出自哪部佛经，怎么翻译及如何理解；德国哲学家提出的轴心时代的概念；莎士比亚《奥德赛》的主题；《史记》作者司马迁为什么受宫刑以及写作《史记》的目的（用他自己引述的话）；汉字六书并分别举一例；欧洲文明的两个源头及其原因；三权分立的内容，出自哪个人的哪部作品；西洋音乐主要流派；应用文写的是以辅/导员的身份给大一新生演讲致辞（已列出三个要点），和2010年的真题“如出一辙”；命题作文写的是“唯有源头活水来”。

2015年上海理工大学
考研翻译硕士MTI真题回忆版分享
一、英语基础
①单项选词：50+20个=45分，量有点大不过考的很基础；
②阅读5篇：有一篇是关于美国医疗改革的，没有写summary那种题，也很easy，平时那专八练足够了。

③作文，500 Words：我没写满，考试的时候画格子花了很多时间，后面时间不够了。

题目：富裕家庭的孩子抗挫能力较差吗。

我在专八作文上背过一篇一样的，不过考试的时候忘得差不多了
二、翻译基础
① 30个短语互译：纳米技术，电子商务，紫外线，语音翻译，热点，粒子物理学、杂交水稻、字幕翻译、新能源观、微信、单独二孩政策、APEC、LCD、Ebola、muti-language vendor；
②英译汉两篇：一篇是翻译三个长句子，关于电子商务的，另一篇全部译，关于纳米技术，关键词有autom；
③汉译英两篇：一篇关于太空探索使用机器人还是送人上太空的讨论，另一篇是旅游产业的优势，第一句就是：旅游产业是第三产业的龙头企业，近年来发展迅猛；
三、汉语百科：
① 20个名词解释：四书五经，阴阳五行学说，文艺复兴，宗教改革，工业革命，黑人民权运动，种族隔离制度，艾滋病，CPU,CPI,通货膨
1
胀，严复，信达雅；
②小作文：关于某市成年人香烟消费状况的调查报告没要求字数，关键是格式；
③大作文题目：“福兮祸所伏，祸兮福所倚”，800字。

（内容来源：考研论坛）
2。

2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析Section I Use of English :Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only th e Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her ratherordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contentsof a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s r eading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “e ngaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘th e papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to resear chers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes –finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not beaccountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawingon your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)手机时代的聚会参考答案及详细解析I cloze1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。