一．1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
3）have been to 和have gone to的区别
二．英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。
1. 持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的study, play, do, read, learn, speak, talk, , sit, stand, keep等。
2. 瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。
常见的--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die,等
3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换
He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有3年了。）不用has joined
She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up
Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有
好久了吗？）不用has left
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：
1、go—be away
2、come—be here
3、come back—be back
4、leave—be away（be not here）
5、buy—have
6、borrow—keep
7、die——be dead
8、begin——be on
9、finish—be over 10、open——be open 11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know—know 14、turn on—be on 15、get up——be
up 16、sit down—sit/beseated 17、join—be in（…）或be a…member 18、become—be
4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用
例如：I haven’t seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）
区别下面三组词
Have been to 表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来
Have gone to 表示去了，还未回来
Have been in 表示一直在某个地方
五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。
动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，
不表示和现在的关系。
I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去
的。
1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完
成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连
用，或无时间状语。
现在完成时的练习（一）
一、单项选择
1、Both his parents look sa d. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ. will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he?
Ａ. already Ｂ. never Ｃ. ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr. Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ.a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes. I hope it will be even ____Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was; studying Ｂ. will; study
Ｃ. has; studied Ｄ. are; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see 9、—These farmers have been to the United States
—Really? When _____ there?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.
Ａ. Did; do; finished Ｂ. Have; done; finished
Ｃ. Have; done; have finished Ｄ. will; do; finish
11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in D. has been in 12、—Do you know him well ?
—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have mad 1 13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months.
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. Arrived 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes.
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. Began
15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. Was 16、Miss Green isn't in the office. she _______ to the library.
Ａ. has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years.
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
