试卷一(B卷)

吉首大学2007年硕士研究生学位英语考试试卷（B卷）试卷一注意：“试卷一”上的所有客观题在“答题卡”上作答，所有主观题直接在“试卷二”上作答。

Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points, 20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. A. She learned to drive at 16. B. She always takes buses.C. She can drive a car now.D. She never takes buses.2. A. At 5:00. B. At 4:00.C. At 4:45.D. At 4:15.3. A. She'll go to the dance party. B. She'll go to a history class.C. She'll type a paper.D. She'll type a letter.4. A. $ 24. B. $ 14.C. $ 12.D. $ 30.5. A. He is doing business with his brother now.B. He is working in a hospital.C. He is going to graduate from college in July.D. He is going to do business with his brother.6. A. Send a telegram.B. Go to the concert.C. Rest for a few hours.D. Go to get some tickets for the concert.7. A. At the cinema. B. At the hotel.C. At the railway station.D. At the airport.8. A. Tom's parents will leave for Los Angeles on Monday.B. Tom's parents went to Los AngelesC. Tom has decided not to go to Los Angeles.D. Tom has left for Los Angeles.9. A. $6.30. B. $7.20. C. $3.15. D. $6.80.10. A. It left the road and landed in a field.B. It fell into a river.C. It was badly damaged.D. It ran into another car.Section BCompound Dictation(注意：该部分的内容印制在“试卷二”(题号11-20)上，要求直接在“试卷二”上作答。

)Part lI Reading Comprehension (40 points, 35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passageOf all the animals in the animal kingdom, which one (aside from man) is smartest? There are several ways of measuring the intelligence of animals. In one test a scientist sets three identical cans on a table. While the animal watches, he puts food under one of the cans. Then he leads the animal away. Some time later, he brings it back to see if it remembers which can has the food. No sniffing is allowed; the animal must go directly to the correct can or it fails.This is called a delayed-response test. The idea is to find out how long an animal’s memory can retain information. The scientists would try showing the cans to the animal one hour later, or two hours later, or even a full day later. They discovered that chimpanzees(黑猩猩) and elephants have the best memory, and are able to remember the correct can for at least twenty hours. No other animal is close. Dogs came next, but they only remembered for nine hours.To settle the matter, the scientists devised a gigantic maze and ran the chimps and elephants through it. The maze was very complicated, with many blind alleys and dead ends. It took the chimps ten minutes to find their way out. The elephants needed a half hour. Even allowing for the elephants’slower rate of speed, the test indicates that chimpanzees are the smartest animals.From this and other tests, the scientists drew the following conclusion: an animal’s intelligence depends on the size of its brain in proportion to the size of its body. The elephant’s brain weighs ten pounds. But this is only 1/600th of its 6,000 pound body. Achimp’s brain weighs about one pound, or 1/120th of its total body weight. So in proportion to its body size, the chimp has five times as much brain as the elephant—more brain for less body. The chimp is the champ(冠军).21. The best title for this passage is __________.A. The Elephant’s MemoryB. Judging IntelligenceC. The Chimp’s BrainD. The Smartest Animal22. The main idea of this passage is that __________.A. there are several ways of measuring the intelligence of animalsB. chimps and elephants have the best memoryC. intelligence tests show that the chimp is the smartest animalD. the scientists devised a gigantic maze and ran the chimps and elephants through it23. The delayed-response test is designed to test an animal’s __________.A. eyesightB. intelligenceC. learning abilityD. memory24. The passage indicates that elephants __________.A. never forgetB. are smarter than chimpsC. are slower-moving than chimpsD. have better memories than chimps25. According to the passage, a rhinoceros(犀牛) that weighs 2100 pounds and has a 3pound brain is __________.A. equal in intelligence to a chimpB. more intelligent than an elephantC. less intelligent than an elephantD. equal in intelligence to an elephantPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist.The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, for the two groups are very much related.Sometimes, however, the applied scientist find the “problems”for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let’s take a particular problem of the aircraft industry: heat—resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a carcannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet (涡轮喷气式飞机) must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet— propelled planes.Dividing scientists into two groups—pure and applied —is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialties—geophysics and biochemistry, for example—have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.26. The applied scientist __________.A. does original research to understand the basic laws of natureB. applies the results of research to practical problemsC. provides the basic knowledge for the pure scientistD. is not interested in practical problems27. Concerning the relative importance of pure and applied scientists, the writer thinks that __________.A. applied scientists are more importantB. pure scientists are more importantC. neither are importantD. both are equally important28. The example given in the third paragraph illustrates how __________.A. pure science operates independently of applied scienceB. the applied scientist discovers the basic laws of natureC. applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is doneD. applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist29. The problem discussed in the third paragraph called for __________.A. selecting the best heat—resistant metal from existing metalsB. developing a turbine wheel capable of generating heat up to 1,600 degreesFahrenheitC. developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperaturesD. causing the jet engine to operate at higher temperatures30. Finer and finer subdivision in the field of science has resulted in __________.A. the eradication (根除) of the need for specialistsB. greater interdependence of all the various scienceC. greater independence of each scienceD. the need for only one classification of scientistsPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Solar energy for your home is here. It can help you as a single home owner. It can help the whole country as well. Whether or not solar energy can save your money depends on many things. Where you live is one factor. The type of home you have is another. Things like insulation, present energy costs, and the type of solar system you buy are added factors.Those who use solar energy help us save our precious fuel. As you know, our supplies of oil and gas are very limited. There is just not enough on hand to meet all our future energy needs. And when Mother Nature says that’s all, that’s all. The only way we can delay hearing these words is by starting to save energy now and by using other sources, such as the sun.We won’t have to worry about the sun’s running out of energy for another several billion years or so. Besides being an endless source of energy, the use of the sun has other advantages as well. The sun does not offer as many problems as other energy sources. For example, fossil fuel plants add to already high pollution levels. With solar energy, we will still need these sources of energy, but we won’t need as much. That means that we can cut down our pollution problems.Furthermore, owners of solar homes will have extra protection against rising fuel costs. They will also have some protection against fuel shortages. When utility costs go up, as they surely will, owners of solar homes won’t have to face the burdens brought about by increased costs.With all these good points, why don’t we see more of solar power? There are many reasons for this. The biggest reason is money. Until now, it was just not practical for home owner to put in a solar unit.There were cheaper sources of energy around. All that has changed now. Solar costs are starting to equal the costs of oil and electricity. And experts say that gas will triple in cost in the next few years. In fact, gas is in such short supply right now that, in some places, it is not sold to new customers. Some customers are even having their supplies “cut back”.Solar energy is now in its infancy. It could soon grow to become a major part of our nation’s energy supply.31. This article is about _________.A. energy from the sunB. natural gasC. the import and export of oilD. fossil fuel plants32. This article suggest that __________.A. oil companies are against solar energyB. many people are afraid of solar energyC. solar energy might ease the energy problemD. solar energy is now in its infancy33. Solar energy is causes __________.A. less pollution than oilB. more pollution than oilC. the same pollution as oilD. no more pollution34. People who install solar units will not have to worry about __________.A. insulating their homesB. long gas linesC. running short of fuelD. going up of utility costs35. In the next few years, the price of gas will __________.A. come downB. go upC. stay the sameD. will raisePassage FourQuestion 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Ideas about “spoiling” children have always involved consideration of just what is a spoiled child, how does spoiling occur, and what are the consequences of spoiling; they have always included concepts of a child’s nature and concepts of the ideal child and the ideal adult.The many mothers of 1820 who belonged to the early “maternal (母系的) associations” struggled to uphold the ideas about child raising that had been prevalent in the eighteenth century. They had always been told that the spoiled child stood in danger of having trouble later in life (when exposed to all the temptations of the world) and, more importantly, stood in danger of spiritual ruin.At first, the only approach these mothers knew was to “break the will” of the child. This approach, coming initially from the theology (神学) Calvin, the French Protestant reformer, was inherited form the stern outlook of the Puritans. As one mother wrote, “No child has ever been known, since the earliest period of the world, lack of an evil disposition — however sweet it appears.” Infant depravity (堕落行为)，by which was meant the child’s impulse, could be controlled only by breaking the will so that the child submitted absolutely to parental guidance.In 1834, a mother described this technique: Upon the father’s order, her 16-month-old daughter had refused to say “Dear Mama” so the child was left alone in a room where she screamed commanded again, and again she refused, so she was whipped and ordered again. This continued for four hours until the child finally obeyed. Parents commonly reported that after one such trial of “will”the child became permanentlysubmissive. In passing, we can note that knowledge about a child’s “No”period might have moderated the disciplining of little children and the application of the adage (谚语) “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness, and sobriety. These moral principles fixed in the child’s character, were to govern it throughout life, in a society where free enterprise, individual effort, and competition were believed to be the ruling forces.36. When the author talks about ideas considered in “the spoiling of children,” he does notinclude __________.A. the nature of a childB. the consequences following from spoiling a childC. the reasons why spoiling occursD. the attitudes of spoiled children when they become adults37. According to the article, the mothers of 1820 were determined to __________.A. develop independence in their childrenB. spoil their childrenC. avoid exposing their children to spiritual ruinD. broaden the experiences of their children38. “Spare the rod and spoil the child” means __________.A. spoiling children is not as evil as it seemsB. eliminating physical punishment and spoiling children is a sound policyC. if you do not inflict (加以) physical punishment, you will spoil your childD. “spoiling children” is a matter of definition39. According to the author, the only approach to prevent their children from becomingspoiled that mothers of the early nineteenth century knew was to __________.A. whip their children repeatedlyB. lock them alone in empty roomsC. break the will of the childD. expose their children to the theology of Calvin40. The author suggests that nineteenth century parents were chiefly interested in a child’s __________.A. growing up to be industriousB. acquiring good character traitsC. learning to compete successfullyD. respecting its parents slavishlyPart III Vocabulary (15 points, 20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the ONE from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.41. Major faults in the earth’s crust can be detected by the use of fossil.A. revealedB. identifiedC. unearthedD. disclosed42. One of the advantages of wheat is its ability to grow in areas of limited rainfall.A. competenceB. talentC. capacityD. cleverness43. Among penguins, if the males start fighting, the fames sometimes throw themselvesbetween antagonists and separate them.A. opponentsB. contendersC. contestantsD. participants44. Units of time are defined by the earth’s movements in relation to the sun.A. in keeping withB. conforming toC. in agreement withD. with reference to45. Neanderthal Man dominated most of the Old world between 75,000BC and 40,000BC.A. influencedB. prevailed overC. commandedD. supervised46. Most courses in American colleges are oriented either toward science or toward lifestudies..A. indicatedB. directedC. steeredD. pointed47. Desert plants differ considerably from one part of the world to another.A. significantlyB. vitallyC. intrinsicallyD. necessarily48. Piaget, the Swiss psychologist, said that children reason so differently from adults thatthey cannot effectively be taught the same wayA. calculateB. objectifyC. conceptualizeD. estimate49. Clouds can be classified into family groupings according to their height and shape.A. distributedB. registeredC. specifiedD. categorized50. In many parts of the world the primary educational task is the reduction of illiteracy.A. targetB. businessC. dutyD. plan51. The smell of the nest serves as a mark of identification among bees belonging to thesame hive.A. performsB. actsC. behavesD. deputizes52. Corn, domesticated by the American Indians, was brought to Europe by Columbus.A. trainedB. cultivatedC. implantedD. reared53. The earth’s varying geography alters the balance of temperature throughout the world.A. divergingB. waveringC. changingD. shifting54. Besides the electric bulb, Thomas Edison made the earliest motion picture machine.A. On top ofB. Next toC. In addition toD. Not to mention55. Comprehension is the first objective in reading.A. thoughtB. ideaC. goalD. missionSection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.56. If you smoke in a non-smoking section people ________.A. have objectedB. objectedC. must objectD. will object57. The computer works very fast, ________data at the speed of light.A. having handledB. handlingC. handledD. handles58. Throughout his life, Henry Moore________ an interest in encouraging art in the city ofLees.A. containedB. securedC. reservedD. maintained59. If you happen to________ my lost papers while you’re looking for your book, pleaselet me know at once by telephone.A. come acrossB. come upC. come toD. come over60. Her fluency in English gives her advantage________ other girls for the job.A. aboveB. overC. thanD. with61. That tree looked as if it________ for a long time.A. hasn’t wateredB. didn’t waterC. hadn’t been wateredD. wasn’t watered62. Ever since Picasso’s paintings went on exhibit, there________ large crowds at themuseum every day.A. isB. has beenC. have beenD. are being63. Don’t forget to walk the dog while I’m away,________ ?A. can youB. shall youC. do youD. will you64. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have________ weather.A. so fineB. such a fineC. such fineD. so fine a65. There were beautiful clothes________ in the shop windows.A. spreadB. displayedC. exposedD. located66. Mr. Smith advised us to withdraw________.A. so that to get not involvedB. so as to get not involvedC. so as not to get involvedD. so that not to get involved67. ________ in a seemingly endless war, the general was forced to evaluate the situationagain.A. Since the loss of 50 000 soldiersB. Because of 50 000 soldiers having lostC. Having lost over 50 000 soldiersD. 50 000 soldiers were lost68. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate________ from you sometime.A. to have heardB. to hearC. having heardD. hearing69. Franklin’s ability to learn from observations and experience________ greatly to hissuccess in public life.A. contributedB. owedC. attachedD. related70. The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen________immediately.A. toB. atC. onD. withPart IV Error Correction (10 points, 15 minutes)(注意：该部分的内容印制在“试卷二”上(题号70-80)，要求直接在“试卷二”上作答。