名词、代词 数词 冠词
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1 英语专题复习(一)---名词、代词
一、词的数和名词的格。
(一)名词的数
1、名词可数名词和不可数名词之分
1)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数名词的规则变化大家回忆一下。
有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,如:
变化 例词
元音发生变化 man—men, woman—women, foot—feet
tooth—teeth, mouse—mice
词尾发生变化 child—children
单、复数同形 sheep—sheep, deer—deer, fish—fish,
Chinese—Chinese, Japanese--Japanese
复合词中主要词变为复数 looker-on—lookers-on,
new-comer—new-comers, grand-child—grand-children
复合词中无主体词在最后,加s grown-up—grown-ups,stand-by—stand-bys
由man 或woman 构成的复合词前后两词皆变为复数 woman-teacher—women-teachers,
man-doctor—men-doctors
以 is结尾的外来词,变is为es basis-bases, crisis-crises, emphasis-emphases,
【注意】
1) 与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如:an
Englishman,two Englishmen。 2) German不是合成词,故复数形式为 Germans;
3) man, woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:men workers, women teachers。
4)有个别名词单复数一样,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。
5)当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。
6)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people, police等。
7)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。ten-minutes’
walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
8)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。
9)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:学科名词:physics, mathematics/maths,游戏名称:bowls,专有名词:the United States, Niagara Falls,其他名词:news,
falls
2、不可数名词―量‖的表示方法
在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示―量‖的概念,可以用以下两种方法:
(1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:
The rich man has a lot of money.
There is some milk in the bottle.
Is there any water in the glass?
I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.
(2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如:
a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread
a bottle of orange a glass of water(milk) a cup of tea
a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice
如果要表示―两杯茶‖、―四张纸‖这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:
two cups of tea
four pieces of paper
three glasses of water
不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。
(3)有些名词既能用作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意义不同
单 词 意 义 2 不可数名词 可数名词
dress 女服(统称) a dress 一件女服
fish 鱼肉 a fish 一条鱼
glass 玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯
tin 锡 a tin 一听罐头
paper 纸 a paper 一张报纸
(二)名词的所有格
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's,其复数形式是s',例如:a
student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 's,如:Children's Day。
3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's,例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight,
ten dollars' worth。
4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this
term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. 双重所有格,例如:a friend of my father's。
【注意】
1)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有 's,则表示―分别有‖,例如:John's and Mary's
rooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。
2)两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。
二、基础题演练
( ) 1. Have you seen such big ________?
A. a tomato B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatos
( ) 2. These _________ have saved many children’s lives.
A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor
( ) 3. –What would you like,Madam? –I’d like ________, please.
A. two bottles of orange B. two bottles of oranges
C. two bottle of oranges D. two bottle of orange
( ) 4. The little baby has two ________ already.
A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
( ) 5. This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and Jane B. Anne’s and Jane’s
C. Anne’s and Jane D. Anne and Jane’s
( ) 6. ―What _________ do you like best?‖ ―Football.‖
A. food B. subject C. sport D. music
( ) 7. About _________ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International
Film Festival.
A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds
( ) 8. ---Are there any ________ on the farm? ---Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep
( ) 9. –How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? -- _________.
A. In five day’s time B. In five days’ time
C. In five days time D. For five days
( )10. Look, five _________ are feeding on the hill.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheeps D. the sheep
( ) 11. –You needn’t wait for Tom any longer. He must be having supper at
________.
A. the Tell’s B. the Tells’ C. the Tells D. Tells
( ) 12. This tree has green ________ throughout the year.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leaves
( ) 13. At the age of eight, Mary joined a group of ________.
A. children dancers B. child dancers
C. child dancer D. children’s dancers