初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)

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一、一般现在时:

概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week,

on Sundays, etc.

基本结构:①be动词;

②行为动词

否定形式:①am/is/are+not;

②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:

①把be动词放于句首;

②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。

一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如:

He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。

She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。

It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词都用are)

二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如:

①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。

②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。

③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:

①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。

②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。

四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:

①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。

②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。

五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如:

①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。

②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。

六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:

①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。

【练习】

一、 单选

1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.

A work works B works work C work are working D is working work

2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.

A have B there is C there are D has

3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.

A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain

4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.

A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets

5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ;listen

6 Jenny____ English every evening.

A has study B studies C study D studied

二、填空

1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.

2 _____your sister_____(know)English?

3Her home____ _____ ______(远离 )her school.

4The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.

5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?

6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?

7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day?

8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .

二、一般过去时:

概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989,

just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构)

1.Be动词的一般过去时 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was;

are的过去式为were

肯定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.

否定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.

一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它? 注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。

2.实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

肯定句式:主语 + 动词(过去式)+ 其它

否定句式:主语 + didn’t + 动词(原形)+ 其它 【did not = didn’t】

一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】?

注:1. did和didn’t是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。

2. 实意动词do的一般过去时

I do my homework every day.(用yesterday改写句子)

I did my homework yesterday.

I didn’t do my homework yesterday.(否定句)

Did you do your homework yesterday?Yes ,I did. /No, I didn’t.(一般疑问句)

3. 情态动词的一般过去时态 含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。

肯定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + 其它

否定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它.

一般疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 其它?

注:情态动词的过去式:can→could , may→might , must→must ,will-would,should-should。

4.特殊疑问句式: 特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?

特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他? What was your former name? 你以前叫什么名字?

Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他为什么迟到?

What could she do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什么?

规则动词的过去式

1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。 look→looked play→played start→started

visit→visited pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。 live→lived use→used taste-tasted

3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed。 study→studied try→tried

fly→flied

4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 –ed。 stop→stopped plan→planned stop-stopped

prefer→preferred

5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 如:am(is)-was, are-were(是), become _became (成为) go-went(走)

基本用法

① 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

He suddenly fell ill last night. 他昨晚突然病倒了。

②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作

She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。

③叙述过去连续发生的一件件事

She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床,提水,打扫房间然后出去散步。 【练习】

一、请用正确动词形式填空

1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.

2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.

3. We (have) a party last Halloween.

4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.

5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.

6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.

7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.