初中英语八大时态讲解及练习(全)
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一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week,
on Sundays, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;
②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;
②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:
①把be动词放于句首;
②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。
一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如:
He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。
It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。(口诀:I用am,you用are,is用于她他它,单数名词用is,复数名词都用are)
二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如:
①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。
②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。
③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:
①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。
②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。
四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:
①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。
②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。
五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如:
①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。
②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。
六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:
①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。
【练习】
一、 单选
1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work works B works work C work are working D is working work
2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.
A have B there is C there are D has
3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A don't rain B didn't rain C doesn't rain D isn't rain
4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ;listen
6 Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study B studies C study D studied
二、填空
1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit.
2 _____your sister_____(know)English?
3Her home____ _____ ______(远离 )her school.
4The pot_____(not look) like yours very much.
5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day?
6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?
7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day?
8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon .
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989,
just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
一般过去时的结构(可分三类不同的结构)
1.Be动词的一般过去时 在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was;
are的过去式为were
肯定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.
否定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.
一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它? 注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。
2.实义动词的一般过去时态 肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.
肯定句式:主语 + 动词(过去式)+ 其它
否定句式:主语 + didn’t + 动词(原形)+ 其它 【did not = didn’t】
一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】?
注:1. did和didn’t是构成一般过去时的助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。
2. 实意动词do的一般过去时
I do my homework every day.(用yesterday改写句子)
I did my homework yesterday.
I didn’t do my homework yesterday.(否定句)
Did you do your homework yesterday?Yes ,I did. /No, I didn’t.(一般疑问句)
3. 情态动词的一般过去时态 含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。
肯定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + 其它
否定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它.
一般疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 其它?
注:情态动词的过去式:can→could , may→might , must→must ,will-would,should-should。
4.特殊疑问句式: 特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?
特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他? What was your former name? 你以前叫什么名字?
Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他为什么迟到?
What could she do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什么?
规则动词的过去式
1.一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed。 look→looked play→played start→started
visit→visited pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d。 live→lived use→used taste-tasted
3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed。 study→studied try→tried
fly→flied
4.以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加 –ed。 stop→stopped plan→planned stop-stopped
prefer→preferred
5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 如:am(is)-was, are-were(是), become _became (成为) go-went(走)
基本用法
① 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
He suddenly fell ill last night. 他昨晚突然病倒了。
②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作
She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。
③叙述过去连续发生的一件件事
She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床,提水,打扫房间然后出去散步。 【练习】
一、请用正确动词形式填空
1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.
3. We (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.