语言学专八考研真题及答案
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专
八
语
言
集
锦
（05年——14年专八真题及解析归纳）
目录
1、2005年·····················································1
2、2006年·····················································2
3、2007年·····················································4
4、2008年·····················································6
5、2009年·····················································8
6、2010年·····················································10
7、2011年·····················································11
8、2012年·····················································12
9、2013年·····················································13
10、2014年····················································14
11、附加语言学考研题············································15
2005年
38.（考查点：main branches of linguistics) Syntax is the study of
A. language functions B. sentence structures
C. textual organization D.word formation
答案：B。
解析：Syntax is about principles of forming and understanding correct
English sentences,是关于形成和理解正确英语句子的原则。也就是句子结构。故选择B。
39.（考察点：design features of language) Which of ale following is NOT
a distinctive feature of human language?
A. Arbitrariness B. Productivity
C. Cultural transmission D. Finiteness
答案：D。
解析：题问下面四个选项中，哪一个不是人类语言的主要特征？除Finiteness(有限性)外，选项中的其它的三项Arbitrariness（任意性），
Productivity（能产性）和Cultural transmission（文化传递性）在语言学概述部分都提到了。故选择D。
40. （考察点：人物）The speech act theory was first put forward by
A. John Searle B. John Austin
C. Noam Chomsky D. M.A,K. Halliday
答案：B。
解析：问言语行为是哪位语言学家首先提出来的？根据语言学著作的介绍，John Austin于l969年首先提出了“言语行为”理论，其他人如John Searle (1969年提出)等，不管是提出或是进一步阐述该理论，都是在John Austin之后，对比不应有什么怀疑。故选择B。
2006年
38.（考察点：main branches of linguistics) What essentially distinguish-
es semantics and pragmatics is the notion of
A. Reference B. Meaning C. Antonymy D. Context
答案：D。
解析：A. Reference即所指，指一种语言形式在现实世界中指代的事物，主要研究语言元素和非语言经验世界之间的关系;C. Antonymy即反义词。再观题意Semantics examines how meaning is encoded in a
language,而pragmatics is the study of meaning in context。在没语境的情况下研究语言的意义是语义学的主要任务。在有语境的情况下研究语言的意思是语用学的主要课题。故选择D。
39. （考察点：meaning）The words “kid, child, offspring” are examples
of
A. dialectal synonyms B. stylistic synonyms
C. emotive synonym D. collocational synonyms
答案：B。
解析：A. dialectal synonyms指地域同义词：意义相同，但用在不同的方言中。E.g. (BE) autumn VS (AE) fall；B. stylistic synonyms指风格同义词：意义相同，但风格不同，有的正式，有的随意，有的中性。（e.g. 口头语、常用语和书面语）；C. emotive synonym指感情色彩不同的同义词，词义相近但又有不同的感情色彩，如褒义、贬义或中性；
D. collocational synonyms搭配同义词，由于词语的搭配而形成的同义词。E.g. “be charge with” 和“ be accused of”。题目中Kid指小孩，child指孩子，offspring指子孙，其实都是同样的，只是正式程度不同。故选择B。
40. （考察点：人物）The distinction between parole and langue was
made by
A. Halliday B. Chomsky C. Bloomfield D. Saussure
答案：D。
解析：A. Holliday韩礼德是系统功能语法的代表人物；
B. Chomsky乔姆斯基区分的是competence 和 performance语言能力指理想语言 使用者关于语言规则的知识储备；语言运用指真实的语言使用者在实际场景中的语言使用；
C. Bloomfield 布龙菲尔德是结构主义的代表人物，认为语言学是心理学的分支，重视行为主义；
D. Saussure索绪尔把“语言”和“言语”区分开来语言指语言系统的整体，这个整体相对是比较稳定的；言语则指代某个个体在实际语言使用环节中说出的具体话语。
再观题意parole and langue指言语和语言，其区分者是Saussure。故选择D。 2007年
38. （考察点：main branches of linguistics)_______ refers to the study of
the internal structure of words and the rules of wordformation.
A. Phonology B. Morphology
C. Semantics D. Sociolinguistics
答案：B。
解析：A. Phonology（音系学）studies the rules governing the
structure,distribution,and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of
syllables,研究语音和音节的构成、分布和排列规则；
B. Morphology（形态学）is concerned with the internal organization of
words,涉及词的内在结构；
C. Semantics（语义学）is about principles of forming and
understanding correct English sentences,研究语言中语义是如何编码的；
D. Sociolinguistics（社会语言学）is the study of the
characteristics of languagevarieties,the characteristics of their
functions,and the characteristics of their speakers, 研究各种语言变体的特征、它们的功能特征和语言使用者特征。
那么研究词的内部结构和构词规则的是形态学。故选择B。
39. (考察点：main branches of linguistics and macro linguistics)
The
distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT
A. Lexical B. Syntactic C. Phonological
D. Psycholinguistic
答案：D。
解析：speech variety语言变体（e.g英式和美式英语）
A. Lexical（词汇的;字汇的）means relating to the words of
a
language；
B. Syntactic（句法的）is the study of the rules governing the ways
differentconstituents are combined to form sentences in a language ,
or
the study of the interrelationships between elements in
sentence
structure；
C. Phonological（音韵学的）studies the rules governing the
structure,distribution,and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of
syllables；
D. Psycholinguistic（心理语言学）investigates the interrelation of
