下载文档原格式
2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit4Astronomy讲义新人教版必修3Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars一、单词表词汇全查验运用多媒体，提问默写词汇Ⅰ.阅读词汇英译汉[第一屏听写] 1．astronomy n．天文学2．astronomer n. 天文学家3．solar adj. 太阳的；日光的4．billion pron.n.adj. 〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿5．carbon n. 碳6．dissolve vt.vi. 溶解；解散7．acid n. 酸[第二屏听写] 8．mammal n．哺乳动物9．dioxide n. 二氧化物10．extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的11．lessen vi.vt. 减少；减轻12．weightlessly adv. 失重地13．solar system 太阳系14．carbon dioxide 二氧化碳_ Ⅱ.高频词汇汉译英[第三屏听写] 1．systemn．系统；体系；制度2．religionn. 宗教；宗教信仰3．theoryn. 学说；理论4．violentadj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的5．atmospheren. 大气层；气氛6．unlikeprep. 与不同；不像7．fundamentaladj. 基本的；基础的[第四屏听写] 8．presencen．出席；到场；存在9．harmfuladj. 有害的10．chainn. 链子；连锁；锁链11．reactionn. 反应；回应12．multiplyvi.vt. 乘；增加13．oxygenn. 氧14．existvi. 存在；生存15．thusadv. 因此；于是[第五屏听写]16．puzzlen．谜；难题vt.vi. 使迷惑；使为难17．biologyn. 生物学18．biologistn. 生物学家19．gravityn. 万有引力；重力20．satelliten. 卫星；人造卫星21．gentleadj. 温和的；文雅的[第六屏听写] 22．physicistn．物理学家23．climaten. 气候24．crashvi.vt. 碰撞；坠落25．spaceshipn. 宇宙飞船26．pulln．vt. 拉力；拖；牵引力27．floatvi.vt. 使浮动；使漂浮n. 漂浮物[第七屏听写] 28．globen．球体；地球仪；地球29．exhaustvt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽30．in_time及时；终于31．lay_eggs 下蛋32．give_birth_to产生；分娩33．in_one s_turn轮到某人34．prevent_..._from阻止；制止[第八屏听写] 35．block_out 挡住光线36．cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋37．now_that既然38．break_out突发；爆发39．watch_out_for密切注意；当心；提防40．get_the_hang_of熟悉；掌握；理解二、单元核心考点初热身提供语境，单元考点自测回顾一分类识记单词用时少·功效高识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意英译汉1.astronomy n．天文学2.globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球 3.carbon n. 碳 4.dissolve vt.vi. 溶解；解散5.mammal n. 哺乳动物6.dioxide n. 二氧化物Ⅱ.写其形汉译英 1.atmospheren. 大气层；气氛 2.chainn. 链子；连锁；锁链3.thusadv. 因此；于是 4.gravityn．万有引力；重力5.satelliten. 卫星；人造卫星6.gentleadj. 温和的；文雅的7.spaceshipn. 宇宙飞船8.pulln．vt. 拉力；拖；牵引力9.multiplyvi.vt. 乘；增加核心单词练通 1.Those anxious for reform say that the present system 系统is too narrow. 2.Some experts think reading is the fundamental 基本的skill upon which school education depends. 3.A truck went out of control and crashed 碰撞into the back of a bus. 4.He found something floating 漂浮on the lake, which frightened him. 5.Unlike 不像his brother he is talkative and has a sense of humour. 6.Accustomed to the climate 气候in the countryside, the old couple prefer not to move to the city. 7.He had exhausted 使精疲力尽himself carrying all the boxes upstairs. 拓展单词用活[记全记牢] 1.religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religiousadj.宗教的 2.theory n．学说；理论→theoreticaladj.理论的；理论性的3.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violencen．暴力→violentlyadv.猛烈地 4.harmful adj.有害的→harmn．v．伤害→harmlessadj.无害的5.exist vi.存在；生存→existencen．存在；生存6.puzzle vt.vi.使迷惑；使为难n．谜；难题→puzzledadj.迷惑不解的→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的7.globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→globaladj.全球性的；全世界的[用准用活] 1.The harmful materials becameharmless to the environment after being dealt with.harm 2.Do you believe the existence of ghosts Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.exist st night we had a discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.violent 4.There was a puzzled look on the little girl s face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.puzzle 5.He often says that he doesn t believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others religious freedom. religion ⇩ 1.后缀-ist名词荟萃①biologist 生物学家②tourist 旅游者；游客③physicist 物理学家④scientist 科学家⑤psychologist 心理学家 2.“推，拉”家族①pull n．vt. 拉力；拖；牵引力②draw vt.vi. 拖；拉③drag vt.n. 拖；拉；拽④push v．n. 推，推动力 3.un-前缀高频形容词全接触①unlike 与不同；不像②uncertain 不确定的③unclear 不清楚的④uncomfortable 不舒服的⑤unfair 不公平的二语段串记短语不枯燥·兴趣高先写对再用准第一组 1.in_time 及时；终于 2.prevent_..._from 阻止；制止 3.now_that 既然4.cheer_up_ 感到高兴；感到振奋 y_eggs 下蛋6.give_birth_to 产生；分娩①Now_that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health, we should take effective measures to ②prevent it from getting bad to worse. No matterwhat happens, we must ③cheer_up and try to reduce the pollution. If we keep on, we ll succeed ④in_time. 第二组1.in_one s_turn 轮到某人2.watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防 3.depend_on 依靠；取决于 4.break_out 突发；爆发5.block_out 挡住光线 6.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解 A fire ①broke_out in the building last night. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time and put out the fire. We were warned to ②watch_out_for electricity and gas when cooking our meals. Thanks to the firefighters help, we were not injured. They are the men that we can ③depend_on when we are in trouble. ⇩1.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达1阻止某人做某事2禁止某人做某事①prevent sb. from doing sth. ④prohibit sb. from doing sth. ②stop sb. from doing sth. ⑤ban sb. from doing sth. ③keep sb. from doing sth. ⑥forbid sb. from doing sth. 2.“动词＋out”短语荟萃①block out挡住光线②break out 突发；爆发③find out 查出；弄明白④look/watch out 当心；提防⑤put out 扑灭⑥run out 用完⑦let out 泄露；发出声音⑧die out 灭绝三仿写用活句式造佳句·表达高背原句明句式学仿写 1.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。
Unit 4李仕才[基础回顾]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Her puzzled (puzzle) look on her face suggested she didn't understand what I said.2．As is known to us，the Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.3．As we all know，a bad eating habit is harmful (harm) to one's health.4．Though injured seriously，he tried to cheer up，hoping to make his parents less worried.5．I can say that it is the most violent (violence) film that I have ever seen.6．My relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.7．As the old saying goes，it is easier to pull down than to build up.8．The old lady became seriously ill last week，and she has only existed on milk ever since.9．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times bigger (big) than the present one.10．Sometimes he found it very hard to fall asleep at night，so he went to see the doctor.Ⅱ.单句改错(每句一错)1．She has got into the bad habit of reading in the bed，which is harmful for her eyes. for→to2．The twin brothers stood under the tree，puzzling and saying nothing. puzzling→puzzled3．Even though he is a little boy，strange ideas always exists in his mind. exists→exist4．You'll succeed on time because you are always working hard. on→in5．The sun heats the earth，which makes possible for plants to grow. makes 后加itⅢ.佳句写作1．据说这个发电厂(the power plant)是以前的5倍大。
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars重点单词分类识记单词——用时少·功效高核心单词记全记牢用准用活1.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛2．solar adj. 太阳的；日光的3．thus adv. 因此；于是4．gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的5．climate n. 气候6．crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落7．pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物9．system n. 系统；体系；制度10．theory n. 学说；理论11．gravity n. 万有引力；重力12．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星◎品句填词1．There are different theories(理论)relatedto changes in sea temperatures in the world.2．(2019·浙江卷)California has lost half itsbig trees since the 1930s and climate(气候)change seems to be a major factor.3．The meeting was held in a livelyatmosphere(气氛)where everybody felt free toshare his ideas.4．We failed to find enough evidence，thus(因此)we concluded that he was innocent.5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)For the past two years，Gordon's students have been studying ways tokill bacteria in zero gravity(重力).拓展单词1.puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n．谜；难题→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的2．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violentlyadv.暴力地；猛烈地3．unlike prep.不同；不像→like vt.◎用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·浙江卷7月)In the past，there wasoften an automatic reaction(react)toincreased traffic: just widen the roads.2．Now that we are all part of theglobal(globe)village，everyone becomes aneighbour.单元主题语块背诵——人与自然之太空探索1．solar system 太阳系2．launch a satellite 发射人造卫星3．with the development of science and technology随着科技的发展4．be sent into space 被发射到太空5．be proud of the first spaceman—Yang Liwei以第一位宇航员杨利伟而自豪6．have access to space travel 能到太空旅行7．return to the earth 返回地球8．space exploration 太空探索9．make a trip into the Mars 到火星上去旅游10．make a successful landing on the moon在月球上成功登陆11．space suit 太空服12．communication satellite 通讯卫星13．space travel 太空旅行14．send a spacecraft to the moon 向月球发射宇宙飞船harmful adj.有害的先练会——单句语法填空①These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are common，causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.②Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very harmful to their study.再写美——一句多译众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。
2020年高考英语一轮复习：必修三Unit 4 Astronomy:the science ofthe stars[单词回顾·会拓展]Ⅰ.核心词汇(能写会用)1．chain n．链子；连锁；锁链 2.multiply v t.& v i.乘；增加 3.atom n．原子 4.carbon n．碳 5.satellite n．卫星；人造卫星 6.physicist n．物理学家7.spaceship n．宇宙飞船8.thus ad v.因此，于是9.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的10.climate n．气候语境串联With the development of astronomy，people know more about the fundamental theory of climate，atmosphere and the globe.Now more and more satellites and spaceships are sent into space where there's no oxygen and gravity.[短语再现·能应用]语境串联Now that we all understand that the haze does harm to our health，we should take effective measures to prevent it from getting bad to worse.No matter what happens，we must cheer up.If we keep on，we'll succeed in time.[句型重温·巧仿写]教材情景导入01语法填空No one knows 1.exactly (exact) when the earth began to exist Bang”were the earth began to appear on 3.its (it) surface.It allowed the earth 4.to dissolve (dissolve) to develop. How life began on earth is one of the biggest 5.puzzles (multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.This encouraged the 6.development (develop) of early shellfish and nd animals such as insects appeared after green plants appeared.Small clever animals spread all 7.over the earth.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere 8.escaping (escape) from the earth into space.9.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10.be solved (solve).(1)exist in 存在于exist on 靠……为生There exists... 某地有……；存在……(2)existence n . 存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在①The custom of arranged marriages still exists in many countries. 许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的习俗。
2020高考一轮复习教材串讲必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy : the science of the stars讲义1. __________________________adj.有害的2. __________________________vi.存在；生存3. __________________________n.谜；难题vt.&vi. （使）迷惑；（使）为难4. __________________________n.&vt.拉（力）；拖；牵引力5. __________________________n.质量；团；块；大量；（复）群众1. __________________________及时;终于【常用结构】__________________________准时；按时__________________________ 一次；每次__________________________曾经；一度；同时__________________________有时；偶尔__________________________ 决不__________________________马上；立刻2. __________________________产生；分娩【常用结构】__________________________ 出生时__________________________天生地；生来；在血统上3. __________________________轮到某人；接着【常用结构】__________________________依次；轮流；因此；因而__________________________ 轮流；依次__________________________轮流做某事__________________________轮到某人做某事4. __________________________ 阻止；制止【常用结构】（1）__________________________保护……不受……侵袭（2）同义词: __________________________5. __________________________感到高兴；感到振奋【常用结构】__________________________为某人加油6. __________________________既然7. __________________________突发；爆发【常用结构】__________________________解散；打碎__________________________ 脱离……__________________________ 打破;坍塌；（精神、身体）挎掉__________________________进入；插话__________________________ 强行进入（某处）；突然开始（大笑、欢呼等）8. __________________________ 密切注视；当心;提防【常用结构】__________________________照看；看守__________________________注意，当心__________________________注意，当心__________________________注意，当心1. ______________________________________________________________________.地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars天文学：恒星科学晨读·记忆Explore MKIIMKII, a planetbillions of kilometers away, is the origin of life in many religions. Physicists have proved the theory that its gentle climate and the pull of its gravity are similar to the earth’s. And astronomers have found that oxygen atoms and carbon dioxide, which are fundamental to life, exist in its atmosphere through satellites. Cheered up by this news, biologists, in their turn, began to do some research to remove people’s puzzles—Now that there are some suitable conditions, does life really exist on this globe? Do they multiply by laying eggs or giving birth to babies?Last month, a spaceship was sent there. It’s a pity that this mission failed. Unlike the earth, MKII is a much younger planet. Thus, masses of harmful acid clouds float everywhere causing violent chain reactions to break out. These clouds not only blocked outthe pilots’sight but also damaged the engine system. Luckily, the pilots watched out carefully and prevented the spaceship from crashing in time.探测MKII行星MK二号是一颗几十亿公里外的行星，它在许多宗教里都是生命起源的地方。
高中英语必修三归纳-U n i t4A s t r o n o m y：t h e s c i e n c e o ft h e s t a r s-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1高中英语必修三归纳-Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars1.基础梳理astronomy solar system religion theory atom billion globe violent in time carbon nitrogen vapour atmosphere fundamental presence dissolve acid harmful chain reaction multiply oxygen shellfish amphibian reptile exist mammal thus in one’s turn dioxide prevent…from puzzle biology gravity satellie gentle geologist block out extinct climate crash pull lessen cheer up float weightlessly cabin mass now that get the hang of break out exhaust watch out2.词语归纳1）solid作名词，表示“固体”。
作形容词，表示“固体的，坚固的；实心的，纯的，牢靠的，立体的”。
be in solid with sb受某人的重视，与某人关系很好。
feel solid about sth对某事心里有底。
2）explode表示“爆炸，（感情）迸发，迅速增加”。
explode with/into sth冲动，激动。
必修3Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsWhat many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (教材P26)很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
(1)be harmful to 对……有害(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ harm n .[U]& v t .伤害；损害do harm to/do …harm 对……有害There is no harm in doing sth/It does no harm to do sth 做某事没有坏处(3)harmless adj .无害的 ①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。
②Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health.由汽车产生的空气污染和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。
③If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm in calling him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。
④The trouble was sparked off by an apparently harmless (harm) phrase.这场麻烦是由一句明显无恶意的话引起的。
2exist v i .存在；生存(没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态) They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(教材P 26)它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ exist in 存在于……之中exist on 靠……为生There exists …某地有……；存在……(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧existence n .存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在 (3)existing adj .现存的；现行的①You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money he's earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。
②There exists a generation gap between the young and the old.青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。
③Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)． 关于宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。
④By embracing other cultures, we actually broaden our horizons, rather than narrow any existing (exist) ones.通过接纳其他文化，我们实际上拓宽了视野，而不是让现有的范围变得狭窄。
3puzzle v t .(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困v i .感到迷惑n ．(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.(教材P 27)地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得难解决的最大难题之一。
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ puzzle over/about 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzle sth out 琢磨出……的答案或解决办法 (2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧puzzled adj .迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人)puzzling adj .令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物) (3)puzzlement n ．迷茫；困惑①The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident happened.警察仍在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。
②She managed to puzzle out the meaning of that long sentence.她总算把那个长句的意思揣摩出来了。
③Where the lost boy has gone still remains a puzzle to us.丢失的男孩去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。
④The whole business is very puzzling (puzzle). There is a lot more to it than meets the eye. 整件事令人非常费解，远比看起来复杂。
4pull n ．& v t .拉(力)；拖；牵引力As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity.(教材P 30)随着火箭的升空，因为我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推回到座位上。
pull back 撤回；后悔pull down 拆毁；摧毁；把……往下拉；使……下跌pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out 驶出；(使)退出；(列车)出站pull over (车辆)向路边停靠；驶向路边pull through 康复，痊愈；度过难关pull up 拔起；停车；阻止①Several houses were pulled down to make way for the new road.为了给新修的道路让路，几座房屋被拆毁了。
②The police car signalled to us to pull in/over .警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。
③We waved as the train pulled out of the station.火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。
④The doctor told me that I would pull through .医生告诉我我会康复的。
1in time 及时；终于；总有一天 They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.(教材P 25～26)最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
on time 准时；按时in no time 立即；马上all the time 一直；始终at no time 决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)at a time 一次；每次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时take one's time 别着急；慢慢来from time to time 不时；有时；偶尔kill time 消磨时间①He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.他设法把游客及时送到机场。
②After the accident, the injured were taken to the nearest hospital in no time.事故发生后，受伤的人员被立刻送进了最近的医院。
③At one time, half the land on the Earth's surface was covered by forests.曾经，地球表面有一半的土地被森林覆盖。
④The technicians and experts of both parties should hold meetings from time to time for technical exchange.双方的技术人员和专家要经常召开会议，进行技术交流。
2in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.(教材P 26) 于是，它们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ in turn 依次，轮流；反之，反过来by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth 轮流做某事(2)It is one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事(3)It turns/turned out that …结果……①When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。
②All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。
③The two sons looked after their sick mother by turns.两个儿子轮流照顾他们生病的母亲。
④At the meeting they took turns to_put (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.会议上，他们依次提出了很多旨在促进教育体制改革的建议。
3prevent …from 阻止；制止They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere ，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.(教材P 26)他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。
