Rules for Writing Letters in English
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英文26个字母书写格式精-英语v书写格式The Writing Rules for 26 English Letters1.XXX:1) Write the letters in the correct stroke order and in the XXX.2) XXX to the left at an angle of about 5°。
and the angle should be consistent.3) Capital letters should all be the same height。
taking up the top two lines。
but not touching the top line.4) Lowercase letters a。
c。
e。
m。
n。
o。
r。
s。
u。
v。
w。
and x should be written in the middle line。
with the top and bottom lines aligned。
but not exceeding the lines.5) The top of lowercase letters b。
d。
h。
k。
and l should touch the top line。
taking up the top two lines.6) The dot of lowercase letters i and j。
the top of lowercase letters f and t。
and the second stroke of f and t should be in the middle of the first line.7) The bottom of lowercase letters f。
g。
j。
p。
q。
and y should touch the fourth line.8) The letters a。
课本英语知识点总结English language is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and is considered a global language. It is the official language in many countries and is spoken as a second language by millions of people around the world. English is also the language of international business, science, technology, and diplomacy. As a result, it is important to have a good understanding of the English language and its various aspects.In this summary, we will cover various aspects of the English language, including grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, listening, and speaking. We will also discuss the importance of English language learning and provide tips and strategies for improving English language skills.GrammarGrammar is the set of rules that govern the structure and formation of sentences in a language. In English, grammar includes rules for word order, sentence structure, verb tenses, and parts of speech. Having a good understanding of English grammar is essential for effective communication in the language.One of the most important aspects of English grammar is sentence structure. English sentences typically follow a subject-verb-object (SVO) structure, although there are exceptions to this rule. For example, in questions, the word order may change to verb-subject-object (VSO) or subject-verb (SV) structure. Understanding sentence structure is important for constructing grammatically correct sentences in English.Another important aspect of English grammar is verb tenses. English verbs can be classified into several tenses, including past, present, and future. Each tense has various forms and can be used to express different time frames. For example, the present simple tense is used to talk about habitual actions or general truths, while the present continuous tense is used to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking.Other aspects of English grammar include parts of speech, such as nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions. Understanding the functions of these parts of speech is important for constructing grammatically correct sentences and expressing ideas clearly.VocabularyVocabulary refers to the words and phrases that make up a language. English vocabulary includes a wide range of words, from common everyday words to specialized technical terms. Building a strong English vocabulary is essential for effective communication and language proficiency.There are several ways to improve English vocabulary. One effective method is reading. Reading books, newspapers, magazines, and online articles can expose learners to a widerange of vocabulary and help them understand how words are used in context. Another method is using vocabulary learning tools, such as flashcards, word lists, and vocabulary apps. These tools can help learners memorize new words and expand their vocabulary.It is also important to understand word forms and word families. In English, many words have multiple forms, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. For example, the word "happy" can be used as an adjective (e.g., "She is happy.") or an adverb (e.g., "She smiles happily."). Understanding word forms and word families can help learners use words accurately and effectively.ReadingReading is an essential skill for language learners. It allows learners to access a wide range of vocabulary and language structures, as well as gain knowledge and information about various topics. When reading in English, learners should pay attention to the main idea of the text, the supporting details, and the author's point of view.There are different types of reading materials that learners can use to improve their reading skills. These include fiction and non-fiction books, newspapers, magazines, online articles, and academic texts. Each type of reading material provides different language input and can help learners develop different types of reading skills.To improve reading comprehension, learners can use strategies such as skimming, scanning, and close reading. Skimming involves quickly reading a text to get a general idea of its content, while scanning involves searching for specific information in a text. Close reading involves carefully analyzing the details and language structures in a text to understand its meaning and purpose.WritingWriting is another important skill for language learners. It allows learners to express their thoughts, ideas, and opinions in written form and communicate with others. Writing in English includes various forms, such as essays, reports, letters, emails, and creative writing. To improve writing skills, learners should focus on organizing their ideas, using appropriate language structures, and proofreading their written work. Organizing ideas involves planning the content of the writing and structuring it in a clear and logical way. Using appropriate language structures involves using correct grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure. Proofreading involves reviewing and editing the written work to correct errors and improve the overall quality of the writing.ListeningListening is a crucial skill for language learners. It allows learners to understand spoken language, including conversations, speeches, lectures, and audio recordings. Listening in English involves understanding the main ideas, supporting details, and the speaker's tone and intention.There are different types of listening materials that learners can use to improve their listening skills. These include podcasts, audiobooks, interviews, lectures, and recorded conversations. Each type of listening material provides different language input and can help learners develop different types of listening skills.To improve listening comprehension, learners can use strategies such as active listening, note-taking, and predicting. Active listening involves paying close attention to the speaker and focusing on understanding the content of the speech. Note-taking involves writing down important points and details while listening to a speech. Predicting involves guessing the content or direction of a speech based on the context and the speaker's language.SpeakingSpeaking is the last major skill of language learners. It allows learners to communicate with others in spoken form and express their thoughts, ideas, and opinions. Speaking in English involves using appropriate language structures, pronunciation, and intonation.To improve speaking skills, learners should focus on fluency, accuracy, and pronunciation. Fluency involves speaking confidently and smoothly, without hesitation or pauses. Accuracy involves using correct grammar, vocabulary, and language structures while speaking. Pronunciation involves producing the sounds of English words accurately and clearly. Language Learning StrategiesIn addition to the skills mentioned above, there are various language learning strategies that learners can use to improve their English language proficiency. Some of these strategies include setting goals, using language learning apps and tools, immersing oneself in the language, practicing regularly, and seeking feedback from others.Setting clear and realistic goals can help learners stay motivated and focused on improving their English language skills. For example, learners can set specific goals for vocabulary acquisition, reading comprehension, writing proficiency, speaking fluency, and listening comprehension.Using language learning apps and tools can provide learners with additional resources and practice opportunities. There are many apps and websites available that offer vocabulary lists, grammar explanations, listening exercises, pronunciation practice, and interactive quizzes. These tools can help learners reinforce their language skills and track their progress.Immersing oneself in the English language can also accelerate language learning. Immersion can involve listening to English music, watching English movies and TV shows, reading English books and articles, and speaking with native English speakers. Immersion allows learners to experience the language in various contexts and develop a natural feel for its patterns and structures.Practicing regularly is crucial for improving English language skills. Regular practice can help learners build confidence, reinforce their language knowledge, and develop fluency in speaking, writing, and listening. Practice can involve speaking with language partners, writing daily journals, reading extensively, and listening to English audio materials.Seeking feedback from teachers, language partners, or native speakers can also help learners identify their strengths and weaknesses and make targeted improvements. Feedback can provide learners with valuable insights into their language use, pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, and help them set specific goals for language improvement.ConclusionIn conclusion, the English language is an important global language that offers a wide range of opportunities for communication, education, and professional development. Developing strong English language skills, including grammar, vocabulary, reading, writing, listening, and speaking, is essential for effective communication and language proficiency.By focusing on different aspects of English language learning and using various strategies and resources, learners can improve their language skills and achieve their language learning goals. Whether it is for academic, professional, or personal purposes, having a good understanding of the English language can open up new opportunities and enhance cross-cultural communication and understanding.Overall, the English language is a valuable tool for personal and professional development, and it is worth investing time and effort into improving English language skills for a brighter future.。
七年级下册英语第三单元作文书信全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1Dear Aunt Sarah,Hi! How are you doing? I'm writing to tell you all about my life here in Middletown. So much has happened since I last saw you at Grandma's birthday party. I can't believe the school year is almost over - just a few more weeks until summer vacation!Let me start by telling you about my English class. We just finished the unit on letter writing, which is why I'm practicing by writing to you. In the unit, we learned all the different parts of a letter like the heading, greeting, body, closing, and signature. We had to write a bunch of different letters for practice, like a letter to a friend, a letter to someone you admire, and even business letters. It was kind of hard at first but I got the hang of it after awhile.My favorite letter I had to write was the one to someone I admire. I chose to write to Lin-Manuel Miranda because I'm a huge Hamilton fan! Do you know who he is? He's the guy who created the amazing musical about Alexander Hamilton and theother Founding Fathers. In my letter, I told him how much I love Hamilton and all the clever lyrics he wrote. I also complimented his acting skills since he played the lead role too at first. I really hope he writes back, but I know he's super busy working on other projects.In that same English unit, we also read some famous letters from history. My favorite was the letter that Abigail Adams wrote to her son John Quincy Adams while he was traveling in Europe as a young diplomat. She gave him a lot of wise advice about working hard, being a good person, and making their family proud. Even though it was written like 200 years ago, her words still feel very meaningful today. I'll have to re-read that letter before I go off to college in a few years!Speaking of the future, I've been thinking more about what I want to do after high school. Part of me really wants to be an author or journalist and make my living through writing. Then another part of me wants to be a teacher or professor so I can inspire young minds like my teachers do for me. Or maybe I could combine those and become an English teacher who also writes books and articles on the side. What do you think, Aunt Sarah? You've always encouraged me to follow my passions.Enough about school - let me tell you about some of the fun stuff I've been up to lately! A couple weekends ago, my friends and I went to the city to see a musical production of the classic novel The Secret Garden. It was so beautifully done, with amazing set designs recre篇2Unit 3: Letter WritingHey guys! It's me again, your buddy from English class. Today I want to tell you all about the totally awesome Unit 3 we just finished on writing letters. I know writing letters might sound kind of boring to you, but trust me, it was actually really cool!First of all, our teacher taught us the different formats and styles for writing formal and informal letters. For formal letters, we learned how to properly address people like "DearSir/Madam" and use really polite language. We also had to indent paragraphs and sign off formally with "Sincerely, [Your Name]" at the end. It was kind of a process, but also really satisfying when your letter looked all professional and grown-up.Informal or friendly letters were way more laid back. We could address people however we wanted, like "Hey Sarah!" or "What's up, bro?" The tone could be really casual andconversational. We just had to remember to sign off in a friendly way at the end, like "Your pal," or "Later, dude!" I actually had a ton of fun practicing writing informal letters to my friends and family.But by far, the coolest part of this unit was the pen pal assignment! Our teacher matched each of us up with a student from another school in a different country. We had to introduce ourselves and write them a letter sharing about our lives, hobbies, families, etc. I was paired up with this really nice guy named Julio from Mexico. In my first letter, I told him all about my favorite sports, video games, and downloading to ride. He wrote back telling me about his family's ranch and how they grow corn and raise cattle and chickens. It was so fascinating to learn about his totally different lifestyle on the other side of the world!Over the next few weeks, Julio and I went back and forth writing tons of letters to each other. We asked all kinds of random questions and shared so many crazy stories and personal details. Even though we came from completely different backgrounds and cultures, we became such great friends just through our letters. Julio taught me some Spanish words and I taught him some American slang. We cracked jokes about ourweird traditions and got tons of laughs over cultural misunderstandings. By the end of the unit, we had stacks of each other's letters - it was honestly so amazing connecting with someone so far away in such an old-school way.This pen pal project didn't just help improve my informal letter writing skills, it also opened my eyes to how huge the world is and how many diverse people and places are out there. Staying pen pals with Julio has motivated me to get better at Spanish so I can hopefully visit him in Mexico someday. Who knows, maybe I'll even get to hang篇3Dear Best Friend,How are you doing? I'm writing you this super long letter because we haven't talked in forever and I have so much to tell you about! First off, let me start by saying that 7th grade has been really hard so far. The workload is crazy compared to last year. Especially this unit we just started on writing letters and essays in English class. Can you believe we have to write all these letters to fictional characters and famous people? It's so weird!Speaking of fictional characters, you'll never guess what my latest writing assignment was about. Our teacher told us to writea letter to our favorite book character! How cool is that? I decided to write mine to Harry Potter. I started off by introducing myself and explaining that even though I'm just a kid, I'm actually a huge fan of the Harry Potter books. I've read every single one like a million times!Then I wrote all about how much I admire Harry for his courage and determination. I told him the part where he had to face Voldemort in that graveyard gave me chills. I can't even imagine having to duel the most evil wizard of all time at just 14 years old! Harry is so brave. I don't think I could ever be that courageous.I also wrote about how Harry is such a great friend to Ron and Hermione. He's always looking out for them and including them no matter what. That's the kind of friend I try to be too. Although to be honest, sometimes Ron can be pretty annoying, can't he? Always getting jealous over stupid things. But I still like his character overall.Ooh, and I made sure to mention the amazing magic and all the cool spells, enchantments, and creatures in the wizarding world. I told Harry that if I could pick one spell to learn, it would definitely be the Patronus charm. Sending out a magical animalprotector just sounds so epic! What spell would you want to learn?Towards the end, I thanked Harry for all the amazing adventures I got to go on with him through the books. I don't know what I'll do when I finish re-reading the last one again. I'm going to be so sad when the series is over! Maybe J.K. Rowling will write another one someday? A girl can dream, right?Anyway, that's just one example of the letters we've had to write so far. We've done others to people like principals, authors, and even fictional characters from history. This week we're supposed to write a letter to someone asking for a donation or explaining why they should support a cause we care about. I'm going to write mine about protecting animal rights.These writing assignments have definitely been challenging, but I'm trying my best. I just have to use my imagination and pretend I'm really writing to those people. The hardest part is probably figuring out what personality or voice to use for each letter. Like obviously I can't write to a president the same way I'd write to a friend, you know?I've also learned a ton about how to properly format a letter in English. You have to include headings, datelines, greetings, closings, and all these other specific parts. It's kind of confusingat first, but I'm getting the hang of it now. Who knew there were so many rules for writing letters?Well, that's all I really have to report on from school so far. Seventh grade is no joke! I spend practically every night working on homework until super late. I'm just glad it's finally Spring Break next week so I can sleep in and relax for a little bit before the hard work starts again.Make sure you write back soon and tell me what's new with you! Have you started learning about writing letters in English class too? Or is your school doing something totally different? Let me know!I miss you so much and can't wait until summer when we can hang out again. Playing video games online just isn't the same as having you here. Maybe your parents will let you come visit for a few weeks? My mom said it's okay with her as long as you help out with chores. Lol, you know how she is!Anyways, I should probably wrap this up before my letter gets even longer than the ones I write for school. I really can't wait to hear back from you!Talk to you soon,Your BFF篇4Dear Aunt Emily,Hi! It's me, your favorite nephew Tommy! How are you doing? I'm writing to tell you all about what we've been learning in English class lately. We just started a really cool new unit all about writing letters. Can you believe I'm already in 7th grade? Time is flying by so fast!In this unit, we're learning about the different parts that make up a proper letter. The teacher said there are a few key sections - the heading, the greeting, the body, and the closing. I'll explain each one.The heading is where you put your address and the date at the top of the letter. My teacher said we have to write this part properly so the person getting the letter knows exactly when and where it came from. After the heading, there's the greeting line like "Dear Aunt Emily," to say who the letter is for.Then the really exciting part is the body! This is where you get to write all the juicy details about what's been going on in your life. The body can be as long or as short as you want, but the teacher said we should try to include a few paragraphs with different topics. Like one paragraph updating you on my family,one on my favorite sports/hobbies, one on how school is going, etc. The body is the fun part where I get to tell you everything!Finally, there's the closing. This is just a short linelike "Sincerely," or "Love," before writing your name at the very end. Simple enough!Doesn't that all sound pretty neat? I'm really excited to practice writing some full letters to people. The teacher said we'll be sending letters to family members, or maybe pen pals if anyone wants one of those. I can't wait to get started!Speaking of which, let me go ahead and give this letter a real body section with some updates for you! Here's what's new with me lately:Family is doing great. Mom and Dad are the same as always, working lots but still making time for me and my little brother Tyler. He can be such a brat sometimes but I still love him. We just got an awesome new cat too! She's this fluffy gray thing and we named her Smokey. I'm actually the one who has to take care of her most of the time though, giving her food and water, scooping her litter box. Ugh, the litter box is the worst smelly part! But I don't mind too much since Smokey is super cute and cuddly.As for my hobbies and sports, I'm still playing soccer every season. We had a pretty good run in the league last fall and I even scored a couple of goals, which basically makes me a superstar, right? Just wait until I'm a pro soccer player making millions of dollars! You'll be able to retire off my salary, haha. I'm also starting to get really interested in coding and video games. My friend Eric showed me how to mod some of our favorite games last month and it is so cool! I've been learning programming from websites and youtube videos. Just wait until I design the next hit game and get stupid rich from that too! Retirement for you and me, here we come.School hasn't been too bad this year. The classes are definitely harder than last year, but I'm managing to keep my grades at all A's and B's so far. Okay, maybe one or two C's but nothing Too bad. My favorite is still gym class because it's the one time I Can just run around and be crazy without getting yelled at. English has been pretty neat too with this letter writing unit. Although I do NOT enjoy reading the super boring old books they make us analyze. I'll never understand why "classic literature" has to be so dry and confusing. That's probably why I like writing more - it gives you freedom!Okay, I'm just rambling on at this point! I should probably wrap up this letter soon. But before I go, let me give you a couple of ideas for how you could write back:First, you could tell me all about your latest vacations or trips somewhere fun! Doesn't matter if it was just a weekend road trip a few towns over, or if you got to travel across the world. I want to live vicariously through your wandering adventures!Or, you could reminisce about some of your favorite memories from when you were a kid around my age. What crazy things did you and your friends get into? What mischief did you cause, what rules did you break? Don't leave out the juicy details!I want to know what my sweet polite aunt was like as a troublemaking youngster.You could also always just fill me in on your daily routine and hobbies if that's more your style. Like, do you have any new favorite books, movies, TV shows? Any updates about your job, your friends, your family? Tell me everything!Anyway, those are just some ideas to get your creative letter juices flowing. I'll be anxiously waiting by the mailbox to receive your reply! Take care, and happy writing!Love,Tommy篇5Unit 3: Writing LettersHi friends! Today I want to tell you all about the cool unit we just did in English class on writing letters. At first, I wasn't sure why we needed to learn about letters since nobody really writes them anymore with email and texting. But Mrs. Johnson explained that letters are still really important, especially for formal situations.We started by learning about the different parts of a letter. The first part is the heading which has the sender's address and the date. Then there's the greeting line like "Dear..." The body is the main part where you write your message. The closing has something like "Sincerely," and then your signature. Seems pretty simple, right?Well, it gets a little trickier when you have to write different kinds of letters for different reasons. One type we learned is a personal letter, like to a friend or family member. These can be pretty casual and chatty. Here's an example I wrote to my cousin:425 Elm StreetTownville, CA 90210March 15, 2024Dear Marcus,What's up, dude? I haven't seen you in forever! How's life going in middle school for you this year? Things have been crazy busy for me with all my activities...Then I went on to update him on my life, ask him questions, and ended with:Okay, I have to go do homework now. But we really need to hang out again soon! Let me know when you can come over.Your cousin,ChrisSee? Nice and friendly, just like I'd talk to Marcus in person. Mrs. Johnson said the body can be broken into paragraphs or just be one casual section.Another type of letter we covered is theformal letter. This is how you would write to someone like the principal, a business, or even the president! The format is a lot more rigid. Here's a formal letter I wrote to my principal about getting a new parking lot:567 Oakwood LaneTownville, CA 90210April 1, 2024Mr. Robert JonesPrincipalLincoln Middle School5000 Campus DriveTownville, CA 90210Dear Mr. Jones,I am writing to you regarding the parking situation at Lincoln Middle School during student drop-off and pick-up times...Then I explained in detail about the problem, gave some possible solutions, and ended very formally with:Thank you for your time and consideration of this issue. I look forward to your response.Sincerely,Christopher BartlettSee how different that looks from the casual letter? The greeting and closing have to be very formal and respectful. And I used full paragraphs with clear grammar.We also learned how to properly write addresses on envelopes and where to put the stamp. It was definitely trickier than I thought to get the format exactly right!The last type of letter we covered was the business letter. This could be to apply for a job, complain about a product, or request information from a company. Here's part of one I drafted to the city asking for a new playground:567 Oakwood LaneTownville, CA 90210May 15, 2024Townville Parks & Recreation Department3290 Belden Ave.Townville, CA 90210To Whom It May Concern,I am writing on behalf of the residents of the Oakwood neighborhood regarding the playground facilities at City Park...For these, you have to identify exactly who you're writing to right at the start. Then I gave all the reasons we need new playground equipment and ended with:Considering the issues outlined above, we urge you to renovate and upgrade the City Park playground this year. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.Sincerely,Christopher BartlettPretty formal, right? Proper greetings, clear format, stating your reasons right up front. With practice it became easier to adjust my writing style for different purposes.Overall, I really enjoyed learning about the lost art of letter writing. It was cool getting to practice different writing techniques for different situations. Who knows, maybe one day I'll apply for a job or complain to a company using these skills! Or I can just write my cousin a quick casual note to say hi. Either way, now I've got this lockedddddddddddd down.篇6Dear Aunt Emily,Hi! It's me, your favorite nephew Jake! I'm writing to tell you all about the super fun school trip we just went on. It was a 3-day trip to London and I saw so many awesome things. I can't wait to tell you everything!We left school bright and early on Monday morning. The bus ride to London took forever - like 3 whole hours! I tried to sleep but I was too excited. Finally we made it to our hotel right in the heart of the city. After dropping off our stuff, we headed right out to start exploring.Our first stop was the Tower of London. It's this massive old castle right on the River Thames. Can you believe people actually lived there? Our tour guide told us it used to be a prison too. He showed us the Torture Room where they used to torture prisoners. It was pretty creepy but also kind of cool in a weird way.Next we went to see the Crown Jewels. They're the decorative objects owned by the Queen like her crowns, scepters, and jewel-encrusted clothing. The jewels were stunning - so many precious gems like rubies, emeralds, and diamonds. I couldn't believe how bright and shiny everything was! I tried to imagine what it must be like to actually wear a giant golden crown covered in jewels. Probably really heavy!After the Tower, we walked across the iconic Tower Bridge. It's this huge stone bridge that's been around since the 1800s. You can actually go up in the towers and see the old engine rooms that used to raise and lower the middle section for tall ships to pass under. So cool! The view from up top was amazing too - you could see the entire city skyline.On our second day, we visited even more famous London landmarks. We started at Buckingham Palace, the official residence of the Queen. We got to see the Changing of the Guard ceremony where the new guards march up and switch shifts with the old ones. Their funny big fuzzy hats and serious facial expressions made me laugh. I can't imagine having to stand completely still like that for hours!Then it was off to Westminster Abbey, the gorgeous church where royal weddings and coronations take place. I was blown away by the massive stone architecture and all the detailed carvings and decorations inside. Our tour guide said the first part was built way back in the 1200s! It's one of the oldest buildings in London. We even got to walk right over the graves of famous historical figures buried under the floor. Spooky!For lunch we had traditional British fish and chips - fried fish with french fries. It sounds plain but it was actually really tasty,especially with the malt vinegar they gave us to pour on top. My favorite part was definitely the fish though - crispy on the outside and flaky on the inside. Delicious!That afternoon we went to the British Museum, one of the biggest and most famous museums in the world. They had incredible artifacts from ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Stuff like real life mummies, Greek statues, and gold jewelry from thousands of years ago! My favorite was probably the Rosetta Stone, a black granite slab that allowed us to finally decode Egyptian hieroglyphs. So much history!On our last day in London, we took a ride on the iconic red double-decker buses. We got to sit up top and see everything as we drove around the city. A guided bus tour took us past even more famous sites like Big Ben, the Houses of Parliament, Trafalgar Square, and Piccadilly Circus. Everywhere we looked there were amazing old buildings mixed with shiny modern skyscrapers. London is such a cool mix of cultures and time periods all blended together.We also got some free time to explore on our own and do some shopping. I ended up buying a few souvenirs like a tiny model double-decker bus, a British flag hat, and fridge magnet of the Queen's Guard. The neatest thing I got was actually freethough - a few coins from this old coin machine at the British Museum. It dispensed real ancient Roman and Greek coins. So crazy to hold money from thousands of years ago!That's about it for the big sights we saw, Aunt Emily. We crammed in as much as possible during our short time there. London was even more amazing than I imagined - a huge, bustling, modern city absolutely packed with centuries of incredible history everywhere you looked. Three days definitely wasn't enough to see everything, but I feel like I got a great taste of one of the world's most iconic cities.Miss you and can't wait to see you at Uncle Rob's birthday party next month! I'll show you all my London souvenirs then. Thanks for reading my super long letter!Love,Jake。
英文作文字母大写规则In English, there are specific rules for capitalizing letters in various contexts. These rules help maintain consistency and clarity in writing. Let's delve into the rules for capitalization:1. First Word of a Sentence: The first word of a sentence is always capitalized. For example, "The cat is sleeping."2. Proper Nouns: Capitalize the first letter of proper nouns, which are the names of specific people, places, or things. For instance, "John", "London", "Mount Everest".3. Days of the Week and Months: Capitalize the names of days of the week and months of the year. For example, "Monday", "January".4. Titles and Headings: Capitalize the first letter of each major word in titles and headings. Articles,conjunctions, and prepositions (unless they are the first word of the title) are not capitalized. For instance, "The Art of Writing", "A Song of Ice and Fire".5. Names of Specific Institutions, Organizations, and Companies: Capitalize the first letter of the names of specific institutions, organizations, and companies. For example, "Harvard University", "United Nations", "Apple Inc."6. Historical Events and Periods: Capitalize the names of historical events and periods. For example, "World War II", "The Renaissance".7. Geographical Locations: Capitalize the names of geographical locations such as continents, countries, states, cities, and regions. For instance, "Africa", "France", "New York City", "the Rocky Mountains".8. Nationalities and Languages: Capitalize the names of nationalities and languages. For example, "Italian", "Spanish".9. Religious Terms: Capitalize the names of religions and religious terms. For instance, "Christianity", "Buddha", "Quran".10. Titles and Names of Works: Capitalize the mainwords in titles of books, movies, articles, etc. For example, "To Kill a Mockingbird", "The Shawshank Redemption".11. Acronyms and Initialisms: Capitalize all letters in acronyms and initialisms. For example, "NASA" (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), "UNESCO" (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization).12. Personal Pronoun "I": Always capitalize the pronoun "I" regardless of its position in a sentence.13. Important Words in Titles or Sentences: Sometimes, writers capitalize important words in titles or sentencesfor emphasis or stylistic reasons. However, this is not a strict rule and depends on the writer's preference or styleguide.Remember, while these rules provide a general guideline, there may be exceptions or variations in specific contextsor style guides. It's always a good idea to refer to astyle guide or consult a grammar resource for specificcases or questions.。
最新英语单词拼读规则表打印版)XXX letter groupsLetters are the smallest unit for writing English words。
while phonemes are the smallest unit of sound in language。
XXX: vowels and XXX to one phoneme。
and sometimes two or three XXX.XXX are the basic unit for XXX of English words。
and one XXX of words。
and each letter group always XXX groups。
XXX。
XXX.XXX (26) but XXX (73)。
and the number of letter groups ina word is less than or equal to the number of XXX can ce the burden on learners。
For example。
the word "chick" has three letter groups "ch-i-ck" and five letters "c-h-i-c-k"。
It is XXX.XXX "sound-form unity" of English words。
Only by XXX "letter groups" can the "sound" and "form" of words be unified。
For example。
for the word "chick"。
if we break it down into "c-h-i-c-k"。
Rules for Writing Formal Letters in EnglishIn English there are a number of conventions that should be used when writing a formal or business letter. Furthermore, you try to write as simply and as clearly as possible, and not to make the letter longer than necessary. Remember not to use informal language like contractions.Addresses:1) Your AddressThe return address should be written in the top right-hand corner of the letter.2) The Address of the person you are writing toThe inside address should be written on the left, starting below your address.Date:Different people put the date on different sides of the page. You can write this on the right or the left on the line after the address you are writing to. Write the month as a word.Salutation or greeting:1) Dear Sir or Madam,If you do not know the name of the person you are writing to, use this. It is always advisable to try to find out a name.2) Dear Mr Jenkins,If you know the name, use the title (Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms, Dr, etc.) and the surname only. If you are writing to a woman and do not know if she uses Mrs or Miss, you can use Ms, which is for married and single women.Ending a letter:1) Yours faithfullyIf you do not know the name of the person, end the letter this way.2) Yours sincerelyIf you know the name of the person, end the letter this way.3) Your signatureSign your name, then print it underneath the signature. If you think the person you are writing to might not know whether you are male of female, put you title in brackets after your name.Content of a Formal LetterFirst paragraphThe first paragraph should be short and state the purpose of the letter- to make an enquiry, complain, request something, etc.The paragraph or paragraphs in the middle of the letter should contain the relevant information behind the writing of the letter. Most letters in English are not very long, so keep the information to the essentials and concentrate on organising it in a clear and logical manner rather than expanding too much.Last ParagraphThe last paragraph of a formal letter should state what action you expect the recipient to take- to refund, send you information, etc.Abbreviations Used in Letter WritingThe following abbreviations are widely used in letters:•asap = as soon as possible•cc = carbon copy (when you send a copy of a letter to more than one person, you use this abbreviation to let them know)•enc. = enclosure (when you include other papers with your letter)•pp = per procurationem (A Latin phrase meaning that you are signing the letter on somebody else's behalf; if they are not there to sign it themselves, etc)•ps = postscript (when you want to add something after you've finished and signed it)•pto (informal) = please turn over (to make sure that the other person knows the letter continues on the other side of the page)•RSVP = please replyOutline: A Covering LetterA covering letter is the one that accompanies your CV when you are applying for a job. Here is a fairly conventional plan for the layout of the paragraphs.Opening ParagraphBriefly identify yourself and the position you are applying for. Add how you found out about the vacancy.Paragraph 2Give the reasons why you are interested in working for the company and why you wish to be considered for that particular post. State your relevant qualifications and experience, as well as your personal qualities that make you a suitable candidate. Paragraph 3Inform them that you have enclosed your current CV and add any further information that you think could help your case.Closing ParagraphGive your availability for interview, thank them for their consideration, restate your interest and close the letter.Outline: A Letter of EnquiryA letter of enquiry is when you are approaching a company speculatively, that is you are making an approach without their having advertised or announced a vacancy.Opening ParagraphIntroduce yourself briefly and give your reason for writing. Let them know of the kind of position you are seeking, why you are interested and how you heard about them.Paragraph 2Show why their company in particular interests you, mention your qualifications and experience along with any further details that might make them interested in seeing you.Paragraph 3Refer to your enclosed CV and draw their attention to any particularly important points you would like them to focus on in it.Closing ParagraphThank them, explain your availability for interview and restate your enthusiasm for their company and desire to be considered for posts that might as yet be unavailable.1. Address and dateSome people may think the address is not important in an informal letter and prefer to leave it out. That works well if the person you are writing to knows your address already or if she has a good memory! However, it is very unlikely that someone will always remember your address, so it is always a good idea to include it. Remember, this is the address they have to write to for the letter to reach you. The recipient’s address is on the envelope.The address and date should be in the right hand corner. If I were writing to a person in another country, I would have preferred to add the following details:Since she already lives in Zambia, it is not necessary to include the country and the postcode i.e. 10101. However, if you are writing to someone outside the country, always include your country and post code.After you have written the address, leave a line and write the date.2. SalutationThe most common salutation in an informal letter is “Dear….”Note that it is followed by a comma.Dear Mimi,Howe ver, some go extremely informal and use “Hey!” or “Hi!”You should use your discretion. Obviously if you are writing to your father, you would not use “Hey!” unless of course you are extremely close.3. BodyHere are a few things you should take note of:o Paragraphs:Since informal letters are usually written by hand, theparagraphs are usually indented. However, with morepeople using their computers to do most of theirwriting(and I have a bad feeling most people will forgethow to write with their hands), it is becoming a commonpractice to write paragraphs without indentations—likethe way this one is written. This, apparently, is themodern way of writing paragraphs.o use informal languageThe first paragraph generally expresses a greeting,followed by wishes of good health. Remember you arewriting to someone you know very well, so try to be asfriendly as possible:How are you my dear sister?However, always use your discretion. Try not to gooverboard. Some people become bold and daring inletters and write things that they would otherwise not sayto the person face to face. Obviously if you are writing toan adult that you respect, like your dad, try not to writethings like:“What’s up dude!” or“What’s going down?”Try to picture the person you are writing to standing infront of you. Imagine the things that you would say to himand write them down. This will help you not to gooverboard.Also avoid boring sentences like…“I am writing this letter to….”…unless you are writing to a stranger. Even so, try to be as amiable as possible:I have heard so much about you and would be head over heelswith joy if you could agree to be my pen palTry to be as conversational as possible. You are allowed to use colloquial language –i.e. language that is appropriate for speech but not really for writing:My journey back here was fine, though it was quite a long one.I wanted to travel by CR bus but guess what; all the wretchedbuses were full! So I had no choice but to travel by a small Rosa bus. The journey took seven hours. By the time we reached, my legs were tired and my bottom was severely sore, ugh! Next time, I promise, I’m not gonna use one of ‘em tiny buses!However informal you get, you should not forget to pay attention to…o punctuation and spellingI have come across a good number of letters that aboundwith spelling mistakes and awful punctuation. Such mistakes tend to distract the reader, so don’t neglect them even though you know your friend will understand.The quality of your letter also speaks volumes about the kind of person you are so all the more reason to be careful!If you use contractions, make sure that you put the apostrophe in the right places. For example:Isn’t and not is’ntwon’t and not wontmustn’t and not must’ntThe contraction it’s is especially one that you must watchout for. It is the short form of it is or it has. But if you wantto use it to indicate possession, you should use its andnot it’s. Check out this example:The dog lost its collar.Remember also to use capitals for the right things i.e. thenames of people, places, holidays, etc should all startwith a capital letter.Bottom line? Don’t throw away your grammar book!o Use consistence voice and styleUse the active voice if you want your letter to sound moreconversational and interesting. Avoid shifts in the voice.Check out this article on the advantage of using the activevoice: Use active VoiceOne common error is inconsistency in the tense. Forexample read the following sentence:I was going to town yesterday when a dog bite me and Iran all the way to the hospital.Here is a sentence with starts in the past tense and thenright in the middle, the tense changes to present and thenfinally reverts to past. Even if your friend is veryunderstanding, this is still distracting.o Ask questionsIt is always a good idea to ask questions in the body ofthe letter that you would like the person to answer in theirreply. Questions work as a good base on which to write aletter, and they give the recipient motivation to reply:How are those wonderful brothers of mine?Did I tell you that I am librarian too, eh?plimentary closeThis is where you sign off, i.e. say toodle- oo:Take care,MichaelIn informal letter writing, the complimentary close is always very friendly:Love,Lots of love,Best wishes,Missing you lots,Yours forever,etcetera…Remember, a comma always follows the complimentary close.1. Post ScriptUse P.S. to add a short message after the complimentary close.Use it especially to write down something that you may have forgotten in the body of the letter.Formal letter : /resources/letter-writing.phpInformal letter: /informal_letter.html。