河北省石家庄市第二中学2017-2018学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

河北省石家庄市第二中学教育集团2023-2024学年高二上
学期期中数学试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
对于C 项，由已知122PF PF PF =>根据双曲线的定义可知，12PF PF -
18．(1)26
3 (2)证明见解析
【分析】（1）利用平面几何的知识证得1OO BD ^，从而利用线面垂直的判定定理与性质定理即可得证；
（2）依题意，建立空间直角坐标系，由二面角1B CC D --的正弦值求得1AA ，即四棱台的高，从而利用台体的体积公式即可得解.
【详解】（1）连接11,B D BD 分别与11,A C AC 交于1,O O ，
易得1,O O 为11B D 与BD 的中点，又11BB DD =，所以1OO BD ^，因为在正方形ABCD 中，AC BD ^，
又1AC OO O =I ，,,AC OO Ì平面11ACC A ，所以BD ^平面11ACC A ，又1AA Ì平面11ACC A ，则1BD AA ^，
又1AC AA ^
，,,BD AC O BD AC Ç=Ì平面ABCD ，所以1AA ^平面ABCD .
（2）由（1）知1AA ^平面ABCD ，AB AD ^，故1,,AA AB AD 两两垂直，以点A 为原点，建立空间直角坐标系，如图，。

2017—2018学年下期中考19届高二政治试题说明：1、本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）满分100分，考试时间90分钟。

2、将第Ⅰ卷的答案代表字母填（涂）在第Ⅱ卷的答题表（答题卡）中。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共50分）一、单项选择题：本题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分。

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2018-2019学年河北省石家庄二中高二（上）期中数学试卷（理科）一、选择题（本题共12个小题，每小题5分，共6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．）1．双曲线2x2﹣y2=8的实轴长是（ ）A．2B．2C．4D．42．若平面α与β的法向量分别是，则平面α与β的位置关系是（ ）A．平行B．垂直C．相交但不垂直D．无法确定3．已知椭圆+=1（a＞b＞0）的右焦点为F（3，0），点（0，﹣3）在椭圆上，则椭圆的方程为（ ）A． +=1B． +=1C． +=1D． +=14．双曲线﹣y2=1的顶点到其渐近线的距离等于（ ）A．B．C．D．5．若平面α的一个法向量为=（1，2，2），A=（1，0，2），B=（0，﹣1，4），A∉α，B∈α，则点A到平面α的距离为（ ）A．1B．2C．D．6．已知直线l1：4x﹣3y+7=0和直线l2：x=﹣1，抛物线y2=4x上一动点P到直线l1和直线l2的距离之和的最小值是（ ）A．B．C．2D．7．椭圆的焦点F1，F2，P为椭圆上的一点，已知PF1⊥PF2，则△F1PF2的面积为（ ）A ．8B ．9C ．10D ．128．已知直三棱柱ABC ﹣A 1B 1C 1中，∠ABC =120°，AB =2，BC =CC 1=1，则异面直线AB 1与BC 1所成角的余弦值为（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．9．若直线l ：y =ax ﹣1与抛物线C ：y 2=（a ﹣1）x 恰好有一个公共点，则实数a 的值构成的集合为（ ）A ．{﹣1，0}B ．{﹣1， }C ．{0， }D ．{1，，0}10．直线kx ﹣y ﹣2k +2=0恒过定点A ，若点A 是双曲线﹣=1的一条弦的中点，则此弦所在的直线方程为（ ）A ．x +4y ﹣10=0B ．2x ﹣y ﹣2=0C ．4x +y ﹣10=0D ．4x ﹣y ﹣6=011．如图F 1、F 2是椭圆C 1： +y 2=1与双曲线C 2的公共焦点，A 、B 分别是C 1、C 2在第二、四象限的公共点，若四边形AF 1BF 2为矩形，则C 2的离心率是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．12．已知椭圆C 1：+=1（a ＞b ＞0）与双曲线C 2：﹣=1（m ＞0，n ＞0）有共同的焦点F 1，F 2，且在第一象限的交点为P ，满足2•=2（其中O 为原点）设C 1，C 2的离心率分别为e 1，e 2当3e 1+e 2取得最小值时，e 1的值为（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．二、填空题（本题共4个小题，每题5分，共20分）13．设椭圆C1：+=1（a＞b＞0）的离心率为，长轴长为26，若曲线C2上的点到椭圆C1的两个焦点的距离的差的绝对值等于4，则曲线C2的标准方程为 ．14．在正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，M为棱AA1的中点，则直线D1B与平面MBC所成角的正弦值为 ．15．已知F1，F2分别是椭圆+=1（a＞b＞0）的左，右焦点，现以F2（1，0）为圆心作一个圆恰好经过椭圆中心并且交椭圆于点M，N，若过F1的直线MF1是圆F2的切线，则椭圆的长轴长为 ．16．已知双曲线x2﹣=1（b＞0）的左右焦点分别为F1，F2，过F2作直线l交双曲线的左支于点A，过F2作直线l的垂线交双曲线的左支于点B，若直线AB过F1，则△ABF2的内切圆圆心到F2的距离为 ．三、解答题（本题共70分，解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17．（10分）已知椭圆的对称轴为坐标轴且焦点在x轴上，离心率e=，短轴长为4．（I）求椭圆的方程（Ⅱ）过椭圆的右焦点作一条斜率为2的直线与椭圆交于A，B两点，求AB的中点坐标及弦长|AB|．18．（12分）在三棱锥PABC中，PA⊥底面ABC，∠BAC=90°．点D，E，N分别为棱PA，PC，BC的中点，M是线段AD的中点，PA=AC=4，AB=2．（1）求证：MN∥平面BDE；（2）求二面角CEMN的正弦值．19．（12分）已知抛物线y2=﹣x与直线l：y=k（x+1）相交于A、B两点，点O为坐标原点．（1）求的值；（2）若△OAB的面积等于，求直线l的方程．20．（12分）已知双曲线C：﹣=1（a＞0，b＞0）的离心率为，则：（Ⅰ）求双曲线C的渐进线方程．（Ⅱ）当a=1时，已知直线x﹣y+m=0与双曲线C交于不同的两点A，B，且线段AB的中点在圆x2+y2=5上，求m的值．21．（12分）已知抛物线y2=4x的焦点为F，过点F的直线交抛物线于A，B两点．（Ⅰ）若，求直线AB的斜率；（Ⅱ）设点M在线段AB上运动，原点O关于点M的对称点为C，求四边形OACB面积的最小值．22．（12分）已知动点M到定直线x=﹣4的距离是它到定点F1（﹣1，0）的距离的2倍．（Ⅰ）求动点M的轨迹方程．（Ⅱ）是否存在过点P（2，1）的直线l与动点M的轨迹相交于不同的两点A，B，满足•=？若存在，求出直线l的方程；若不存在，请说明理由．2018-2019学年河北省石家庄二中高二（上）期中数学试卷（理科）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（本题共12个小题，每小题5分，共6分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．）1．双曲线2x2﹣y2=8的实轴长是（ ）A．2B．2C．4D．4【分析】根据题意，将双曲线的方程变形可得标准方程，分析可得其a的值，由双曲线实轴的定义计算可得答案．【解答】解：根据题意，双曲线方程为：2x2﹣y2=8，则其标准方程为：﹣=1，其中a==2，则其实轴长2a=4；故选：C．【点评】本题考查双曲线的几何性质，注意要现将其方程变形为标准方程．2．若平面α与β的法向量分别是，则平面α与β的位置关系是（ ）A．平行B．垂直C．相交但不垂直D．无法确定【分析】先计算向量与向量的数量积，根据数量积为0得到两向量垂直，从而判断出两平面的位置关系．【解答】解： =﹣2+8﹣6=0∴⊥∴平面α与平面β垂直故选：B．【点评】本题主要考查了向量数量积以及向量垂直的充要条件，同时考查了两平面的位置关系，属于基础题．3．已知椭圆+=1（a＞b＞0）的右焦点为F（3，0），点（0，﹣3）在椭圆上，则椭圆的方程为（ ）A． +=1B． +=1C． +=1D． +=1【分析】由条件根据椭圆的标准方程和简单性质可得a2﹣b2=9，0+=1，求得a2和b2的值，可得椭圆的方程．【解答】解：由题意可得a2﹣b2=9，0+=1，∴a2=18，b2=9，故椭圆的方程为+=1，故选：D．【点评】本题主要考查椭圆的标准方程和简单性质，属于基础题．4．双曲线﹣y2=1的顶点到其渐近线的距离等于（ ）A．B．C．D．【分析】求出双曲线的渐近线方程，顶点坐标，利用点到直线的距离求解即可．【解答】解：双曲线﹣y2=1的顶点坐标（，0），其渐近线方程为x±y=0，所以所求的距离为=．故选：C．【点评】本题考查双曲线的简单性质的应用，是基本知识的考查．5．若平面α的一个法向量为=（1，2，2），A=（1，0，2），B=（0，﹣1，4），A∉α，B∈α，则点A到平面α的距离为（ ）A．1B．2C．D．【分析】求出，点A到平面α的距离：d=，由此能求出结果．【解答】解：∵平面α的一个法向量为=（1，2，2），A=（1，0，2），B=（0，﹣1，4），A∉α，B∈α，∴=（1，1，﹣2），点A到平面α的距离：d===．故选：C．【点评】本题考查点到平面的距离的求法，是基础题，解题时要认真审题，注意向量法的合理运用．6．已知直线l1：4x﹣3y+7=0和直线l2：x=﹣1，抛物线y2=4x上一动点P到直线l1和直线l2的距离之和的最小值是（ ）A．B．C．2D．【分析】如图所示，过点F（1，0）作FQ⊥l1，交抛物线于点P，垂足为Q，过点P作PM⊥l2，垂足为M．则|PF|=|PM|，可知：|FQ是|抛物线y2=4x上一动点P到直线l1和直线l2的距离之和的最小值．【解答】解：如图所示，过点F（1，0）作FQ⊥l1，交抛物线于点P，垂足为Q，过点P作PM⊥l2，垂足为M．则|PF|=|PM|，可知：|FQ是|抛物线y2=4x上一动点P到直线l1和直线l2的距离之和的最小值．|FQ|==．故选：A．【点评】本题考查了抛物线的标准方程及其性质、点到直线的距离公式，考查了推理能力与计算能力，属于中档题．7．椭圆的焦点F1，F2，P为椭圆上的一点，已知PF1⊥PF2，则△F1PF2的面积为（ ）A．8B．9C．10D．12【分析】先设出|PF1|=m，|PF2|=n，利用椭圆的定义求得n+m的值，平方后求得mn和m2+n2的关系，代入△F1PF2的勾股定理中求得mn的值，即可求出△F1PF2的面积．【解答】解：设|PF1|=m，|PF2|=n，由椭圆的定义可知m+n=2a，∴m2+n2+2nm=4a2，∴m2+n2=4a2﹣2nm由勾股定理可知m2+n2=4c2，求得mn=18，则△F1PF2的面积为9．故选：B．【点评】本题主要考查了椭圆的应用，椭圆的简单性质和椭圆的定义．考查了考生对所学知识的综合运用．8．已知直三棱柱ABC﹣A1B1C1中，∠ABC=120°，AB=2，BC=CC1=1，则异面直线AB1与BC1所成角的余弦值为（ ）A．B．C．D．【分析】【解法一】设M、N、P分别为AB，BB1和B1C1的中点，得出AB1、BC1夹角为MN 和NP夹角或其补角；根据中位线定理，结合余弦定理求出AC、MQ，MP和∠MNP的余弦值即可．【解法二】通过补形的办法，把原来的直三棱柱变成直四棱柱，解法更简洁．【解答】解：【解法一】如图所示，设M、N、P分别为AB，BB1和B1C1的中点，则AB1、BC1夹角为MN和NP夹角或其补角（因异面直线所成角为（0，]），可知MN=AB1=，NP=BC1=；作BC中点Q，则△PQM为直角三角形；∵PQ=1，MQ=AC，△ABC中，由余弦定理得AC2=AB2+BC2﹣2AB•BC•cos∠ABC=4+1﹣2×2×1×（﹣）=7，∴AC=，∴MQ=；在△MQP中，MP==；在△PMN中，由余弦定理得cos∠MNP===﹣；又异面直线所成角的范围是（0，]，∴AB1与BC1所成角的余弦值为．【解法二】如图所示，补成四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1，求∠BC1D即可；BC1=，BD==，C1D=，∴+BD2=，∴∠DBC1=90°，∴cos∠BC1D==．故选：C．【点评】本题考查了空间中的两条异面直线所成角的计算问题，也考查了空间中的平行关系应用问题，是中档题．9．若直线l：y=ax﹣1与抛物线C：y2=（a﹣1）x恰好有一个公共点，则实数a的值构成的集合为（ ）A．{﹣1，0}B．{﹣1， }C．{0， }D．{1，，0}【分析】讨论若a=1，当a=﹣1时，将直线方程代入曲线方程，运用判别式为0，解方程即可得到所求值．【解答】解：若a=1，则曲线C为y=0，直线l：y=x﹣1，即有直线与曲线的交点为（1，0），满足题意；若a=0，则曲线C为y2=﹣x，直线l：y=﹣1，即有直线与曲线的交点为（﹣1，﹣1），满足题意；若a≠1，a≠0时，则抛物线y2=（a﹣1）x的对称轴为x轴，由y=ax﹣1与抛物线y2=（a﹣1）x相切，可得：a2x2﹣（3a﹣1）x+1=0，由判别式为0，可得（3a﹣1）2﹣4a2=0，解得a=（a=1舍去），综上可得，a=0，1或．故选：D．【点评】本题考查直线与曲线的交点的个数问题，注意讨论直线与曲线相切或与对称轴平行，考查运算能力，属于中档题和易错题．10．直线kx﹣y﹣2k+2=0恒过定点A，若点A是双曲线﹣=1的一条弦的中点，则此弦所在的直线方程为（ ）A．x+4y﹣10=0B．2x﹣y﹣2=0C．4x+y﹣10=0D．4x﹣y﹣6=0【分析】求出定点A（2，2），设A是弦P1P2的中点，且P1（x1，y1），P2（x2，y2），利用点差法能求出以A（2，2）为中点的双曲线的弦所在的直线方程．【解答】解：直线kx﹣y﹣2k+2=0恒过定点A（2，2），双曲线﹣=1方程可化为：4x2﹣y2=8，设A（2，2）是弦P1P2的中点，且P1（x1，y1），P2（x2，y2），则x1+x2=4，y1+y2=4．∵P1，P2在双曲线上，∴，∴4（x1+x2）（x1﹣x2）﹣（y1﹣y2）（y1+y2）=0，∴4×4（x1﹣x2）=4（y1﹣y2），∴k==4，∴以A（2，2）为中点的双曲线的弦所在的直线方程为：y﹣2=4（x﹣2），整理得4x﹣y﹣6=0．故选：D．【点评】本题考查直线方程的求法，是中档题，解题时要认真审题，注意点差法和根的判别式的合理运用．11．如图F1、F2是椭圆C1： +y2=1与双曲线C2的公共焦点，A、B分别是C1、C2在第二、四象限的公共点，若四边形AF1BF2为矩形，则C2的离心率是（ ）A．B．C．D．【分析】不妨设|AF1|=x，|AF2|=y，依题意，解此方程组可求得x，y的值，利用双曲线的定义及性质即可求得C2的离心率．【解答】解：设|AF1|=x，|AF2|=y，∵点A为椭圆C1： +y2=1上的点，∴2a=4，b=1，c=；∴|AF1|+|AF2|=2a=4，即x+y=4；①又四边形AF1BF2为矩形，∴+=，即x2+y2=（2c）2==12，②由①②得：，解得x=2﹣，y=2+，设双曲线C2的实轴长为2m，焦距为2n，则2m=|AF2|﹣|AF1|=y﹣x=2，2n=2c=2，∴双曲线C2的离心率e===．故选：D．【点评】本题考查椭圆与双曲线的简单性质，求得|AF1|与|AF2|是关键，考查分析与运算能力，属于中档题．12．已知椭圆C1：+=1（a＞b＞0）与双曲线C2：﹣=1（m＞0，n＞0）有共同的焦点F1，F2，且在第一象限的交点为P，满足2•=2（其中O为原点）设C1，C2的离心率分别为e1，e2当3e1+e2取得最小值时，e1的值为（ ）A．B．C．D．【分析】由2•=2，故||=2||cos∠POF2，即x P=，由焦半径公式可得：PF1=a+=x P+m⇒e1e2=2，3e1+e2取，当且仅当3e1=e2时取等号，即．【解答】解：∵2•=2，故||=2||cos∠POF2，即x P=由焦半径公式可得：PF1=a+=x P+m⇒2c2=am⇒e1e2=23e1+e2取，当且仅当3e1=e2时取等号，即故选：A．【点评】本题考查了双曲线离心率，属于中档题．二、填空题（本题共4个小题，每题5分，共20分）13．设椭圆C1：+=1（a＞b＞0）的离心率为，长轴长为26，若曲线C2上的点到椭圆C1的两个焦点的距离的差的绝对值等于4，则曲线C2的标准方程为　﹣=1　．【分析】在椭圆C1中，由题设条件能够得到a，b，曲线C2是以F1（﹣5，0），F2（5，0），为焦点，实轴长为4的双曲线，由此可求出曲线C2的标准方程．【解答】解：在椭圆C1中，椭圆C1：+=1（a＞b＞0）的离心率为，长轴长为26，a=13，c=5，b=12，椭圆C1的焦点为F1（﹣5，0），F2（5，0），椭圆方程为：．曲线C2上的点到椭圆C1的两个焦点的距离的差的绝对值等于4，a=2，则c=5，则b=．故C2的标准方程为：，故答案为：．【点评】本题考查圆锥曲线的性质和应用，解题时要注意公式的灵活运用，注意区分椭圆和双曲线的性质．14．在正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中，M为棱AA1的中点，则直线D1B与平面MBC所成角的正弦值为 ．【分析】设正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中棱长为2，建立空间直角坐标系，利用向量法能求出直线D1B与平面MBC所成角的正弦值．【解答】解：设正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中棱长为2，如图建立空间直角坐标系，则D1（0，0，2），B（2，2，0），M（2，0，1），C（0，2，0），=（﹣2，﹣2，2），=（0，﹣2，1），=（﹣2，0，0），设平面MBC的法向量=（x，y，z），则，取y=1，得=（0，1，2），设直线D1B与平面MBC所成角为θ，则sinθ===．故直线D1B与平面MBC所成角的正弦值为．故答案为：．【点评】本题考查线面角的正弦值的求法，考查空间中线线、线面、面面间的位置关系等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，考查函数与方程思想，是中档题．15．已知F1，F2分别是椭圆+=1（a＞b＞0）的左，右焦点，现以F2（1，0）为圆心作一个圆恰好经过椭圆中心并且交椭圆于点M，N，若过F1的直线MF1是圆F2的切线，则椭圆的长轴长为　+1　．【分析】由题意画出图形，利用椭圆定义可得|MF1|=2a﹣1，则Rt△F1MF2中，由勾股定理求得a，则答案可求．【解答】解：如图，由题意可知，|MF2|=c=1，则|MF1|=2a﹣1，则Rt△F1MF2中，由勾股定理可得（2a﹣1）2+12=4，解得：a=．∴椭圆的长轴长为．故答案为：．【点评】本题考查椭圆的简单性质，考查数形结合的解题思想方法，是中档题．16．已知双曲线x2﹣=1（b＞0）的左右焦点分别为F1，F2，过F2作直线l交双曲线的左支于点A，过F2作直线l的垂线交双曲线的左支于点B，若直线AB过F1，则△ABF2的内切圆圆心到F2的距离为　2　．【分析】设内切圆的圆心为I，由直线AF2和直线BF2垂直，运用内角平分线定可得ABF2为等腰直角三角形，运用勾股定理和三角形的等积法，可得半径r，即可得到所求距离．【解答】解：设内切圆的圆心为I，由直线AF2和直线BF2垂直，可得I在x轴上， ====1，可得三角形ABF2为等腰直角三角形，设|AF2|=m，则设|BF2|=m，|AB|=m，即有内切圆的半径r满足r•（4m﹣4）=m2，又m=2m﹣4，解得r=2，m=4+2，即有|IF2|=r=2，故答案为：2．【点评】本题考查双曲线的定义、方程和性质，注意定义法和内角平分线定理的运用，考查三角形的等积法和勾股定理的应用，考查运算能力，属于中档题．三、解答题（本题共70分，解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17．（10分）已知椭圆的对称轴为坐标轴且焦点在x轴上，离心率e=，短轴长为4．（I）求椭圆的方程（Ⅱ）过椭圆的右焦点作一条斜率为2的直线与椭圆交于A，B两点，求AB的中点坐标及弦长|AB|．【分析】（Ⅰ）由已知， =，2b=4，由此能求出椭圆的标准方程．（Ⅱ）椭圆的右焦点为（1，0），直线AB方程为：y=2（x﹣1），由，得3x2﹣5x=0，由此能求出A（0，﹣2），B（），进而能求出|AB|．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）由已知， =，2b=4，∴b=2∵b2=a2﹣c2=5c2﹣c2=4c2=4，∴c2=1，a2=5，∴椭圆的标准方程为： +=1．……………………（4分）（Ⅱ）椭圆的右焦点为（1，0），∴直线AB方程为：y=2（x﹣1）…………………………设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），由，得3x2﹣5x=0，解得x1=0，x2=，…………………………（7分）设AB中点坐标为（x0，y0），则=，，所以AB的中点为（），…………………………（9分）∵A（0，﹣2），B（），∴|AB|==．…………………………（10分）【点评】本题考查椭圆方程的求法，考查弦长的求法，考查椭圆、直线方程、中点坐标公式等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，考查函数与方程思想，是中档题．18．（12分）在三棱锥PABC中，PA⊥底面ABC，∠BAC=90°．点D，E，N分别为棱PA，PC，BC的中点，M是线段AD的中点，PA=AC=4，AB=2．（1）求证：MN∥平面BDE；（2）求二面角CEMN的正弦值．【分析】（1）取AB中点F，连接MF、NF，由已知可证MF∥平面BDE，NF∥平面BDE．得到平面MFN∥平面BDE，则MN∥平面BDE；（2）由PA⊥底面ABC，∠BAC=90°．可以A为原点，分别以AB、AC、AP所在直线为x、y、z轴建立空间直角坐标系．求出平面MEN与平面CME的一个法向量，由两法向量所成角的余弦值得二面角CEMN的余弦值，进一步求得正弦值．【解答】（1）证明：取AB中点F，连接MF、NF，∵M为AD中点，∴MF∥BD，∵BD⊂平面BDE，MF⊄平面BDE，∴MF∥平面BDE．∵N为BC中点，∴NF∥AC，又D、E分别为AP、PC的中点，∴DE∥AC，则NF∥DE．∵DE⊂平面BDE，NF⊄平面BDE，∴NF∥平面BDE．又MF∩NF=F．∴平面MFN∥平面BDE，则MN∥平面BDE；（2）解：∵PA⊥底面ABC，∠BAC=90°．∴以A为原点，分别以AB、AC、AP所在直线为x、y、z轴建立空间直角坐标系．∵PA=AC=4，AB=2，∴A（0，0，0），B（2，0，0），C（0，4，0），M（0，0，1），N（1，2，0），E（0，2，2），则=（1，2，﹣1），=（0，2，1），设平面MEN的一个法向量为=（x，y，z），由，得，取z=2，得=（4，﹣1，2）．由图可得平面CME的一个法向量为=（1，0，0）．∴cos＜，＞==．∴二面角CEMN的余弦值为，则正弦值为．【点评】本题考查直线与平面平行的判定，考查了利用空间向量求解空间角，考查计算能力，是中档题．19．（12分）已知抛物线y2=﹣x与直线l：y=k（x+1）相交于A、B两点，点O为坐标原点．（1）求的值；（2）若△OAB的面积等于，求直线l的方程．【分析】（1）联立直线与抛物线方程，化为关于y的一元二次方程，由根与系数关系求出A，B两点的横纵坐标的和与积，直接运用数量积的坐标运算求解；（2）直接代入三角形面积公式求解即可【解答】解：（1）设，由题意可知：k≠0，∴，联立y2=﹣x得：ky2+y﹣k=0显然：△＞0，∴，∴=（﹣y12）（﹣y22）+y1y2=（﹣1）2+1=0，（2）∵S△OAB=×1×|y1﹣y2|===，解得：k=±，∴直线l的方程为：2x+3y+2=0或2x﹣3y+2=0．【点评】本题考查了直线和圆锥曲线的关系，考查了平面向量数量积的坐标运算，训练了三角形面积的求法，是中档题．20．（12分）已知双曲线C：﹣=1（a＞0，b＞0）的离心率为，则：（Ⅰ）求双曲线C的渐进线方程．（Ⅱ）当a=1时，已知直线x﹣y+m=0与双曲线C交于不同的两点A，B，且线段AB的中点在圆x2+y2=5上，求m的值．【分析】（Ⅰ）由题意通过离心率推出c2=3a2，得到，然后求解双曲线的渐近线方程．（Ⅱ）当a=1时，双曲线C的方程为x2﹣．设A、B两点的坐标分别为（x1，y1），（x2，y2），线段AB的中点为M（x0，y0），联立直线与双曲线方程，利用韦达定理，结合已知条件求解m即可．【解答】（本小题满分12分）解：（Ⅰ）由题意，得，∴c2=3a2∴b2=c2﹣a2=2a2，即∴所求双曲线C的渐进线方程………………（Ⅱ）由（1）得当a=1时，双曲线C的方程为x2﹣．……6分设A、B两点的坐标分别为（x1，y1），（x2，y2），线段AB的中点为M（x0，y0），由，得x2﹣2mx﹣m2﹣2=0（判别式△＞0），∴x0==m，y0=x0+m=2m，…………（10分）∵点M（x0，y0），在圆x2+y2=5上，∴m2+4m2=5，∴m=±1．……（12分）（本题学生用“点差法”也给分）【点评】本题考查圆锥曲线的综合应用，直线与双曲线的位置关系的应用，考查转化思想以及计算能力．21．（12分）已知抛物线y2=4x的焦点为F，过点F的直线交抛物线于A，B两点．（Ⅰ）若，求直线AB的斜率；（Ⅱ）设点M在线段AB上运动，原点O关于点M的对称点为C，求四边形OACB面积的最小值．【分析】（Ⅰ）依题意F（1，0），设直线AB方程为x=my+1．将直线AB的方程与抛物线的方程联立，得y2﹣4my﹣4=0．由此能够求出直线AB的斜率．（Ⅱ）由点C与原点O关于点M对称，得M是线段OC的中点，从而点O与点C到直线AB的距离相等，所以四边形OACB的面积等于2S△AOB．由此能求出四边形OACB的面积最小值．【解答】（本小题满分13分）（Ⅰ）解：依题意F（1，0），设直线AB方程为x=my+1．…（1分）将直线AB的方程与抛物线的方程联立，消去x得y2﹣4my﹣4=0．…（3分）设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），所以y1+y2=4m，y1y2=﹣4．①…（4分）因为，所以y1=﹣2y2．②…联立①和②，消去y1，y2，得．…（6分）所以直线AB的斜率是．…（7分）（Ⅱ）解：由点C与原点O关于点M对称，得M是线段OC的中点，从而点O与点C到直线AB的距离相等，所以四边形OACB的面积等于2S△AOB．…（9分）因为…（10分）=，…（12分）所以m=0时，四边形OACB的面积最小，最小值是4．…（13分）【点评】本题考查直线斜率的求法，考查四边形面积的最小值的求法，综合性强，难度大，是高考的重点．解题时要认真审题，仔细解答，注意挖掘题设中的隐含条件，合理地进行等价转化．22．（12分）已知动点M到定直线x=﹣4的距离是它到定点F1（﹣1，0）的距离的2倍．（Ⅰ）求动点M的轨迹方程．（Ⅱ）是否存在过点P（2，1）的直线l与动点M的轨迹相交于不同的两点A，B，满足•=？若存在，求出直线l的方程；若不存在，请说明理由．【分析】（Ⅰ）设M（x，y）（x＞﹣4），由题意得==|x+4|=2+，由此能求出动点M的轨迹方程．（Ⅱ）设直线l的方程为y=k（x﹣2）+1，由，得（4k2+3）x2﹣8（2k2﹣k）x+8（2k2﹣2k﹣1）=0，利用根的判别式、韦达定理、向量的数量积，结合已知条件能求出存在直线l满足条件，其方程为x﹣2y=0．【解答】解：（Ⅰ）设M（x，y）（x＞﹣4），由题意得==|x+4|=2+，…………………………（2分）整理得动点M的轨迹方程为： =1．…………………………（4分）（Ⅱ）假设存在符合题意的直线l，由题意知直线斜率存在，设直线l的方程为y=k（x﹣2）+1，由，消去y得（4k2+3）x2﹣8（2k2﹣k）x+8（2k2﹣2k﹣1）=0，由△=64（2k2﹣k）k2﹣32（4k2+3）（2k2﹣2k﹣1）＞0，得6k+3＞0，解得k＞﹣，设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2），则，x1x2=，…………………………（8分）由，得（x1﹣2）（x2﹣2）+（y1﹣1）（y2﹣1）=，则（x1﹣2）（x2﹣2）（k2+1）=，即[x1x2﹣2（x1+x2）+4]（k2+1）=，所以[﹣+4]（k2+1）=，整理得=，解得k=，…………………………（10分）又k＞﹣，所以k=，故存在直线l满足条件，其方程为y=，即x﹣2y=0．…………………………（12分）【点评】本题考查动点的轨迹方程的求法，考查满足条件的直线方程是否存在的判断与求法，考查根的判别式、韦达定理、向量的数量积等基础知识，考查运算求解能力，考查化归与转化思想，是中档题．。

2017-2018学年第二学期七年级期中联考英语试题（满分：150分；考试时间：120分钟）考生注意：选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

非选择题答案用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上相应位置书写作答，在试题卷上答题无效。

I.听力（共三节，20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）第一节听句子听下面五个句子，从每小题所给的三幅图中选出与句子容相符的选项。

（每个句子读两遍））1.A B C2. A B C.3. A B C4. A B C5.A B C第二节听对话听下面七段对话，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。

（每段对话读两遍）听第1段对话，回答第6小题。

6. What can Lucy do?A. Sing.B. Dance.C. Play the piano听第2段对话，回答第7小题。

7. What are they talking about?A. AustraliaB. AnimalsC. Zoo听第3段对话，回答第8小题。

8. Why doesn’t the girl go to a movie this Sunday?A. She has to do homework.B. She has to do the dishes.C. She has to help clean rooms. 听第4段对话，回答第9小题。

9. Where are the two speakers?A. At home.B. In the school.C. In the food store.听第5段对话，回答第10、11小题。

10. What time does Dave usually get up?A. 6:00.B. 6:30.C. 7:00.11. What does Dave’s mother usually do after she gets up?A. She cooks breakfast.B. She plays sports.C. She drinks milk.听第6段对话，回答第12、13小题。

南昌二中2017—2018学年度上学期期中考试高二英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30 分）第一节(共5小题；每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍。

1。

What does the woman want to do?A。

Return her shoes. B. Repair her shoes。

C。

Buy new shoes.2。

Where does the conversation take place?A。

At an airport. B. At a hotel. C. At a travel agency。

3. Who will probably decide the place to go?A. The man.B. The woman.C. Harry.4。

What makes the man so happy?A。

Tom will play football with him。

B。

Tom will tell him the best news.C。

Tom's father will play football with him。

5. What does the woman like to watch in her spare time?A. Advertisements。

B。

TV plays。

C。

Art shows.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。

6。

Why is the woman so excited?A. Her grandpa will cook for them。

2017-2018学年河北省石家庄二中高二（下）月考英语试卷（3月份）一、单选题（本大题共10小题，共20.0分）1.Mr． Black， as well as his wife and children， invited to the dinner party last night．（）A. have beenB. wereC. has beenD. was【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致．当主语后面跟有with，together with，along with，accompanied by，like，in addition to，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响．本句主语Mr． Black是单数，且与invite之间是动宾关系，根据时间状语last night要用一般过去时的被动语态．故D项正确．故选：D．昨晚布莱克先生和他的妻子以及孩子们应邀参加晚宴．考查主谓一致，弄清楚各种主谓一致结构的构成，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意选择最合适的选项．2.---Why did you eat your words， Billy？---Sorry， dear． But I really forgot where I was to meet you．（）A. demandedB. imaginedC. supposedD. guessed【答案】C【解析】答案：C．考查名词词义辨析．根据句意：A．demanded要求B．imagined 想象C．supposed猜想，be supposed to do应该，被期望．D．guessed猜测，be supposed to do在此句中表示"应该做某事"．句意："比利，你为什么食言？""对不起，我真的忘记了我应该在什么地方见你"．故选：C．比利，你为什么食言？""对不起，我真的忘记了我应该在什么地方见你"．本题考查名词的词义辨析．名词词义辨析题一直都是高考考查的一个热点，它注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力．由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案．3.You __________ feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it．（）A. shouldB. needC. shallD. may【答案】D【解析】答案D．should"应该，竟然"；need"需要"；shall"将要，必须，应该"；may"可能，祝愿"．结合句意可知，此处表示推测，故选D．你可能会感觉到所有的训练是浪费时间，但是我百分之百地确定你以后会感激你所做的一切．本题是考查情态动词的使用，结合具体的语境，并熟悉情态动词的用法来确定正确答案．4.Occasions are quite rare_____I have the time to spend a day with my kids．（）A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when【答案】D【解析】答案：D．考查定语从句．我有时间和我的孩子们度过一天的机会是很少的．此处when引导定语从句，修饰occasions，为分隔式定语从句．故选：D．我有时间和我的孩子们度过一天的机会是很少的．定语从句又称为形容词性从句，综观历年高考试题，我们可以发现该语法项目是测试中的热点与难点，解定语从句的题目首先要知道哪一句是主句，哪一句是从句，被修饰的词是谁，从句中的句子成分缺失什么，根据缺失成分的不同从而选出相对应的关系代词或者关系副词，从而选出正确的答案，解题的关键是从句句子的成分分析．5.When I woke up， I found myself in bed and surrounded by doctors and nurses．（）A. liedB. layingC. lyingD. lain【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语．myself与lie构成主动关系，所以用现在分词lying在句中做宾补．句意：当我醒过来的时候，发现自己躺在床上，被医生和护士包围着．lay是搁，放；分词是laying；lie是躺，现在分词是lying．故选：C．当我醒过来的时候，发现自己躺在床上，被医生和护士包围着．非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，更是各省高考英语试题必考内容．解题的时候首先要确定选择非谓语，确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语．非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语．非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致．若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语．分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系是解题的关键．6. A business letter should be written in a formal style in a personal one．（）A. other thanB. better thanC. rather thanD. less than【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语．句意：我们被教育商业书信应该写成正式文体，而不是个人形式．rather than而不是；more than超过；better than比……更好；less than小于，所以C 选项符合句意，故选：C．我们被教育商业书信应该写成正式文体，而不是个人形式．英语中的固定短语，既不能添词，也不能少词，是固定的，要求同学们在平时记忆准确，然后根据句意找出记忆中的固定搭配，做出正确的答案．7.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere __________ his employees enjoy their work．（）A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who【答案】A【解析】答案：A．本题考查定语从句的关系词，从句中缺少状语，atmosphere表示抽象地点的范畴，所以选择where．句意为：这个公司的老板在努力营造一个轻松的氛围，在这个轻松的氛围中，他的员工享受着他们的工作．考查定语从句时，首先要分析从句中的句子成分，要看是否缺少主语或宾语、表语，如果缺少主语或宾语、表语，则用关系代词，如果缺少状语，则用关系副词．8.The police the lost child everywhere when he suddenly turned up in a supermarket．（）A. searchedB. searched forC. was searchingD. were searching for【答案】D【解析】考查过去进行时．was/were doing sth．when-did sth．意为"正在做某事，这时突然……"，是固定句型，排除A、B项．search 指的是搜寻的范围，搜索哪个地方，而search for后面接具体的目标，搜索什么东西．此处应是后者，故D项正确．故选：D．警察正在到处寻找那个丢失的男孩，这时他突然出现在一家超市．解答此类问题要了解各种时态的基本含义，并区别各种时态之间的差异，了解某些时态的特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案．9.The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother．（）A. whereB. whatC. howD. who【答案】A【解析】答案：A句中she was作remain的状语，表示地点；where表示地点，what表示事物，how表示方式，who指人；根据句意，故选A．这个迷路的小女孩决定待在原来的地方等她的母亲．本题考查状语从句，where连接地点状语从句，修饰动词．10.--- Your daughter is too thin．---She would gain weight she is very particular about food．（）A. as long asB. butC. unlessD. even if【答案】B【解析】考查连词．as soon as 一…就…，表条件；but但是，表转折；unless除非，如果不…表示条件，even if即使，表让步．故选：B．-你的女儿太瘦了．-她的体重会增加，但她对食物很挑剔．首先弄清各个选项词的意义和用法，再结合语境进行选择．二、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）AMy son Gilbert was eight years old and had been in the Cub Scouts（童子军团）only a short time．Once he was handed a sheet of paper，a block of wood and four tires and told to return home and give them to his father．That was not an easy task for Gilbert to do．The piece of paper was a set of instructions about how to build a wooden racing car．Gilbert's father laughed when he read the instructions．The block of wood remained untouched as the weeks passed．Finally，I stepped in to see if I could figure it all out．Having no skills，I decided it would be best if I simply read the instructions and let Gilbert do the work．And he did．Within days，his block of wood was turning into a pinewood racing car．Then the big night came．With his pinewood racing car in his hand and pride in his heart we headed to the big race．As the race was done in elimination fashion（淘汰赛形式），you couldkeep racing as long as you were the winner．At last，it was between Gilbert and the fastest-looking car there．As the race was about to begin，Gilbert asked if they could stop for a minute，because he wanted to pray．Then the race stopped．Gilbert prayed in earnest for a very long minute．The Master came up to Gilbert and asked the obvious question，"So you prayed to win．Gilbert？"My young son answered，"Oh，no Sir．It wouldn't be fair to ask God to help you beat someone else．I just asked him to make it so I don't cry when I lose．"Children seem to have wisdom far beyond us．Perhaps we spend too much of our prayer time asking God to control the race，make us the champion，or remove us from the struggle，when we should be seeking God's strength to get through what lies in our way．11.Gilbert's father thought the task given by the Cub Scouts could ______ ．A. be no trouble at allB. be beyond Gilbert's abilityC. require no skillsD. be too easy for Gilbert12.Who finally made the pinewood racing car？______A. Gilbert．B. Gilbert's father．C. Gilbert's mother．D. The whole family．13.What can we learn about Gilbert？______A. He made it in the final race．B. He thought the Master unfair．C. His performance inspired his mom．D. He was very afraid of losing the race．14.The author writes this passage to tell us that ______ ．A. adults should communicate more with childrenB. parents should help their children with the taskC. friendship is more important than winningD. victory is to gain the power to overcome difficulties【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】C 【小题4】D【解析】1．B．推理判断题．根据第一段That was not an easy task for Gilbert to do那对于吉尔伯特来说不是一个容易的工作，．以及Gilbert的父亲读完赛车制作的说明书后大笑，而且好几周都没动那些木块，因此他认为做赛车的任务对Gilbert而言太难，超出了他的能力．故选B．2．A．细节理解题．由第二段的I decided it would be best if I simply read the instructions and let Gilbert do the work．And he did．我做出了最好决定就是如果我只是简单的看一下说明书，让吉尔伯特来做这个工作．事实是他做到了．故选A．3．C．推理判断题．采用排除法，原文并没提到Gilbert赢了总决赛，故A错．根据倒数第二段吉尔伯特说的话可知B错，并且由本段可知Gilbert并不害怕失败，而是希望自己能有坦然面对失败的心态，故D错．根据最后一段we should be seeking God's strength to get through what lies in our way．我们应该找寻上帝的力量来度过我们生活中的困难．可知Gilbert的行为鼓舞了他的母亲．故选C．4．D．主旨大意题．纵观全文，作者旨在通过Gilbert参赛的故事说明真正的胜利不一定是赢得比赛，而是有坦然面对困难的勇气和力量．故选D．本文通过写"我"的儿子参加比赛的过程来讲述一个道理：真正的胜利不一定是赢得比赛，而是有坦然面对困难的勇气和力量．做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．BEurope has a rich history and it is a good place to journey．ParisParis，the heaven of fashion，culture and entertainment，is the most visited city in the world．It is also held as a numerous tourist destination due to the presence of the Eiffel Tower and several other historical buildings，museums and churches．RomeA talk about Europe is incomplete without a mention of Rome．Held as a place where one of the oldest civilizations of the world prospered （繁荣），Rome is where you'd get to see numerous castles，palaces，ancient buildings，fountains，squares and beautiful parks．Several tourists come here especially to have a look at the Renaissance architecture that the buildings of this city boast．BarcelonaBarcelona，a major city in Spain，is regarded among the 10 best beach cities of the world．The city's coastline has clear waters and a mild climate which makes it a favorite destination among sun bathers．Besides that，Barcelona has a glorious past to show off．You must wander through its busy streets and take a look at the historic buildings，castles，churches，part and museums．ViennaIf you are a music lover and a steady devotee of Beethoven or Mozart，then a visit to Vienna is like going on a pilgrimage （朝圣）．This is because Vienna is the birthplace of these artists．You'd find their homes there and also their memorial graves．Besides that，Vienna is known for castles，palaces，museums and historic monuments．If you are a devoted art lover，Vienna is the place for you．It has nearly a hundred museums devoted to art!15.Which place has the most tourists in the world according to the passage？______A. ViennaB. BarcelonaC. RomeD. Paris16.In Rome and Barcelona you can enjoy ______ ．A. the birthplace of artistsB. castlesC. fountainsD. The Eiffel Tower17.What is the passage mainly about？______A. Some ancient architecture in Europe．B. Some best places people can visit in Europe．C. Some best attractions people can enjoy in Paris．D. Some famous musicians and their famous works．【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】B 【小题3】B【解析】（1）---（3）DBB（1）．D．细节理解题．根据Paris部分Paris，the heaven of fashion，culture and entertainment，is the most visited city in the world（巴黎是世界上游客最多的城市）可知应选D．（2）．B．细节理解题．根据Rome部分Rome is where you'd get to see numerous castles （罗马是你可以游览很多城堡的地方）和Barcelona部分You must wander through its busy streets and take a look at the historic buildings，castles，churches，part and museums（你必须穿过繁华的街道，看看历史建筑，城堡，教堂，公园和博物馆）可知应选B（3）．B．主旨大意题．根据文章的第一句Europe has a rich history and it is a good place to journey．之后文章例举了Paris，Rome，Barcelona，Vienna等欧洲城市可知应选B．文章介绍了几座适合欧洲游的城市，包括各自的特色等．新闻广告类材料是热门考题．其文句简练，信息量大，句式使用简单，表达方式多样，但阅读这类题目也是有规律可循的．1．品位广告、新闻的标题，预测其内容．阅读广告时，要注意广告中涉及的人物，物品，时间，数字，联系人及方式地址．阅读新闻时，要抓住新闻的特点即何时何处何人发生何事，其经过和结果怎样．2．要抓住书写广告的文体或图片，注意用大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字．3．解题技巧①快速浏览广告、新闻，从标题中预测内容及涉及的类别．②浏览问题，寻找答案．注意地点和时间的多样化造成的误选．③复读材料，核实答案．CStarting the day on an egg could keep your blood pressure under control，research suggests．Scientists have shown that eggs produce proteins with a function similar to that of powerful blood pressure-lowering drugs．The researchers，from the University of Alberta in Canada，showed that when eggs come in contact with stomach enzymes（酶）they produce a protein that acts in the same way as ACE inhibitors，drugs taken by millions around the world to lower blood pressure．Fried eggs proved particularly effective，but more work is needed to show the effects outside a lab and in the human body．Earlier this month，British researchers declared that，contrary to popular beliefs，it is healthy to go to work on an egg．They concluded that the type of cholesterol（胆固醇）found in eggs has little effect on increasing heart disease risks．Researcher Professor Bruce Griffin，from the University of Surrey，said，"The wrong beliefs linking egg eating to high blood cholesterol and heart disease must be corrected．The amount of fat in our diet has an effect on blood cholesterol that is several times greater than the relatively small amount of cholesterol found in eggs．The UK public do not need to limit the number of eggs they eat．They can be encouraged to include them in a healthy diet as they are one of nature's most nutritious foods．"The British Heart Foundation dropped its three-egg-a-week limit in 2005．However，almost half of Britons believe the limit still applies．18.From the text we know that ACE inhibitors are ______ ．A. a kind of medicineB. a kind of proteinC. a kind of illnessD. a kind of food19.According to what Professor Bruce said，eggs ______ ．A. are the most nutritious foodB. have no effect on blood cholesterolC. can be included in a healthy dietD. are forbidden to be eaten in the UK20.We can infer from the text that ______ ．A. drugs to lower blood pressure will be replaced by eating eggsB. stomach enzymes mixed with eggs can cure heart diseasesC. most Britons agree the three-egg-a-week limit should be droppedD. about 50% of Britons think eating an egg a day is bad for their health21.The text is meant ______ ．A. to introduce scientific findings about eggsB. to introduce a medicine made from eggsC. to tell people how to lower their blood pressureD. to advise people to eat as many eggs as possible【答案】【小题1】A 【小题2】C 【小题3】D 【小题4】A【解析】1．A．推理判断题．第一段的后半部分Scientists have shown that eggs produce proteins with a function similar to that of powerful b lood pressure-lowering drugs提到鸡蛋产生蛋白质的作用与强效降血压药物类似，此处与之相呼应，表示鸡蛋与胃酶结合后产生蛋白质的作用与药物相当．由此可推知"ACE inhibitors"是一种药．故选A．2．C．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段They can be encouraged to include them in a healthy diet as they are one of nature's most nutr itious foods．可以鼓励他们在健康的饮食中加入鸡蛋，因为它们是自然界最营养的食物之一．可知，Bruce教授认为鸡蛋属于健康食物．故选C．3．D．推理判断题．最后一段的最后一句However， almost half of Britons believe the limit still applies．提到几乎一半的英国人相信对鸡蛋的限制仍然适用，由此可推断这些人依旧认为每天吃一个鸡蛋对健康有害．故选D．4．A．主旨大意题．本文是一篇研究报告，第一段是文章的中心段，通读全文可知，本文意在介绍关于鸡蛋的科学发现．故选A．研究发现，每天吃一个鸡蛋对降低血压大有裨益，鸡蛋与胃酶结合后产生的蛋白质与降压药物有着同样的功效．做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．DTexting pedestrians（行人）aren't just an annoyance to their fellow walkers，but something dangerous to themselves．"I was checking emails while walking to work this morning，" said Wilbert van den Hoorn．"But it has a serious influence on the safety of people who type or read text （短信）while walking．"Anecdotes back him up．A tourist from Taiwan walked off a port near Melbourne last month while checking Facebook．Another shopper in the U．S．was too addicted to his mobile phone to notice the fountain ahead walking straight into it．And as mobile-phone use has grown to about 77% of the world's population，the study says - so has the number of phone-related accidents．The number of U．S．emergency-room visits linked to phone use on the move doubled to as many as 1，500 between 2005 and 2010，an Ohio State University study recently showed．Authorities world-wide have taken note．Signs on Hong Kong's subway system advise passengers in three languages to keep their eyes off their phones．Police and transport authorities have also warned the danger in Singapore，where the Straits Times newspaperranked it as "No．2 Bad Habit" due to the rising number of road deaths．Some U．S．states，including New York and Arkansas，are even considering bans on this act．Texting pedestrians walked slower and with shorter steps （and slowest of all when typing），and more seriously，they locked their arms and elbows in - like "robots"，in the researchers' words．That forced their heads to move more，throwing them off balance．"In a pedestrian environment，inability to maintain a straight path would be likely to increase potential for hits，falls and traffic accidents，" said Mr．van den Hoorn．"The best thing to do is to step aside and stop，or keep off the phone．"22.The writer uses the two examples in Paragraph 3to show ______ ．A. the advantages of mobile phonesB. the popularity of mobile phonesC. the use of mobile phones in a proper wayD. the use of mobile phones in a wrong way23.What is New York and Arkansas' attitude to texting pedestrians？______A. Setting up signs to warn them．B. Ranking it as "No．1Bad Habit"．C. Considering forbidding their acts．D. Equipping them with advanced machines．24.Why are texting pedestrians likely to hit or fall according to the passage？______A. They walk too fast．B. They are out of balance．C. They walk with longer steps．D. They lock their arms and elbows．25.What is the best title for the passage？______A. Safety or Texting？B. Ways to Avoid FallsC. Texting or E-mailing？D. Mobile Phones for Entertainment【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】C 【小题3】B 【小题4】A【解析】1．D．推理判断题．根据第三段中的"A tourist from Taiwan walked off a port near Melbourne last month while checking Face book-bringing an abrupt，and icy end to a penguin-watching visit．Another shopper in the U．S．was too addicted to his mobile phone to notice the fountain ahead!walking straight into it．"可知作者在第三段使用两个例子是为了说明使用手机的方法是错误的．故选D．2．C．细节理解题．根据第五段中的"including New York and Arkansas，are even considering bans on this act．"可知New York and Arkansas对Texting pedestrians这种行为是考虑禁止的．故选C．3．B．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段最后一句话"That forced their heads to move more，throwing them off balance．"可知走路发信息的人因为转移了注意力等原因才使身体失去了平衡．故选B．4．A．主旨大意题．纵览全文并根据第一段内容"Texting pedestrians arena't just an annoyance to their fellow walkers，but something dangerous to themselves．"可知文章主要介绍了边走路边发信息的严重危害性．故选A．本文是一篇社会文化类阅读．文章主要介绍了边走路边发信息的严重危害性．考查社会文化类阅读理解．题目涉及到细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要联系上下文根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据，观点态度题需要我们推测出作者的写作意图，再进行选择．三、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）How to Raise Money for Your Favorite Charity At the end of the year，we are often inspired to do more for people in need．(1) Don't worry．Here's a quick and easy tip-list to make such a worthy act successful．• (2) You need to make sure that both you and your participants enjoy the event．So keep it simple and make sure that you add some fun，whether it's special decoration，a bag for each participant or guest，or a special theme．• Get team support．(3) Teamwork may give you some new ideas and help give a unique feature to your event．Make sure that you break down the work among your team．• Plan for the "what-ifs？" If you are planning to hold an event outdoors，or if you are relying on a famous person as a guest of honor，make sure you think of a few possible alternatives．(4) This is the key to successful event planning．• Timing is everything．Check your community calendar to make sure there are no important community events on the day when you are planning your event．You might need to check with other communities or non-profit organizations nearby．(5)• Check out your favorite charity's website for ideas．Many websites offer advice on how to raise money．For example，the human rights charity Amnesty International lists events and ideas on its website．A．Tell the charity about the event．B．Keep it fun and simple．C．Turn to your teammates for some creative ideas．D．Have no idea of where to begin？E．Try to pick the date that will bring in the best attendance．F．Remember to thank anyone who has donated．G．What if it starts raining or if your honored guest doesn't show up？26. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G27. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G【答案】【小题1】D 【小题2】B 【小题3】C 【小题4】G 【小题5】E 【解析】1-5 DBCGE1．D．细节理解题．根据"At the end of the year，we are often inspired to do more for people in need．在年底，我们常常受到鼓舞，为需要帮助的人做更多的事情．"可知此处应填"不知道从哪里开始"．故选D．2．B．细节理解题．根据"You need to make sure that both you and your participants enjoy theevent你需要确保你和你的参与者都喜欢这个活动"可知此处应填"你可能需要与附近的其他社区或非营利组织联系"．故选B．3．C．推理判断题．根据"Get team support．得到团队的支持"可知此处应填"向你的队友寻求一些创造性的想法．"．故选C．4．G．推理判断题．根据"This is the key to successful event planning．这是成功事件计划的关键．"可知此处应填"如果天下起雨来，或者你的贵宾没有出现怎么办"．故选G．5．E．推理判断题．根据"You might need to check with other communities or non-profit organizations nearby你可能需要与附近的其他社区或非营利组织联系"可知此处应填"试着选择一个能吸引最多观众的日期"．故选E．本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了在年底，我们常常受到鼓舞，为需要帮助的人做更多的事情．不知道从哪里开始？别担心．这里有一个快速而简单的提示列表，让这样一个有价值的行为成功．阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．四、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）On Dec.13，2014，Nubia Wilson turned 16．But instead of (31) with an exciting Sweet16birthday party，the California teen devoted this milestone to (32)the lives of orphans in Ethiopia．Through several summers of volunteer work at an Ethiopia orphanage，Nubia learned firsthand the severe poverty so many children (33)．In an email to The Huffington Post，Nubia said that she was(34)struck by the children's lack of access to(35)-their school only went through the fourth grade．Over the course of her volunteer work，Nubia became interested in one (36)，Hermela．She writes：Out of the many students in the kindergarten class，Hermela became (37) and attached to me to a point where it was becoming (38) for both of us to leave each other．She is now in the second grade．The thought of Hermela not being able to have her meal and (39) education after the fourth grade became (40) and I knew I had to do something．That's when Nubia decided that she didn't want a traditional Sweet 16．(41)，she wanted to use the money her parents would have spent on a party to establish (42)grade class for Hermela and other kids．"The money could provide a（n）(43)solution that will serve for many years compared to the one-day (44) of my party，"Nubia wrote to Huffpost Live．In short，I want Hermela to continue (45)．"After telling friends and family her (46)，Nubia set up a（n）(47) page"Keep Hermela Smiling"on CrowdRise．Her (48) will raise funds for the Fregenet Foundation，which funds education and community services in Ethiopia．So far，Nubia has (49)＄2，781 of her＄10，000 goal．Nubia says that her parents have been extremely (50)；they're selling most of their Ethiopian artifacts to help raise funds．Nubia's birthday may not have been a party，but it's truly a celebration．31. A. communciating B. celebrating C. competing D. compromising32. A. experiencing B. enjoying C. rescuing D. improving33. A. concern B. discuss C. face D. describe34. A. hopefully B. slightly C. particularly D. quietly35. A. exploration B. education C. experimemt D. entertainment36. A. teacher B. doctor C. student D. parent37. A. close B. mean C. funny D. polite38. A. difficult B. strange C. possible D. boring39. A. provide B. leave C. receive D. finish40. A. unimaginable B. unimportant C. unnecessary D. uncomfortable41. A. Besides B. Instead C. Therefore D. However42. A. sixth B. fifth C. fourth D. third43. A. early B. technical C. simple D. lasting44. A. relief B. pleasure C. honor D. trouble45. A. yelling B. smiling C. talking D. crying46. A. belief B. need C. secret D. plan47. A. question B. devotion C. donation D. appreciation48. A. story B. school C. campaign D. family49. A. earned B. borrowed C. raised D. lent50. A. effective B. supportive C. creative D. sensitive【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】D 【小题3】C 【小题4】C 【小题5】B 【小题6】C 【小题7】A 【小题8】A 【小题9】C 【小题10】A 【小题11】B 【小题12】B 【小题13】D 【小题14】B 【小题15】B 【小题16】D 【小题17】C 【小题18】C 【小题19】C 【小题20】B 【解析】41-45 BDCCB 46-50 CAACA 51-55BBDBB 56-60 DCCCB41 B 动词辨析．本句But instead of （41）with an exciting Sweet 16birthday party，the California teen devoted this milestone to （42）the lives of orphans in Ethiopia．句意是但是没有庆祝16岁的生日，加利福尼亚的Nubia 把自己的里程碑为埃塞俄比亚的孤儿院的生活做奉献了，故选B．42 D 动词辨析．本句But instead of （41）with an exciting Sweet 16birthday party，the California teen devoted this milestone to （42）the lives of orphans in Ethiopia．句意是但是没有庆祝16岁的生日，加利福尼亚的Nubia 把自己的里程碑为埃塞俄比亚的孤儿院的生活做奉献了，故选D43 C 动词辨析．本句Nubia learned firsthand the severe poverty so many children （43）．句意是Nubia了解这里的孩子们面对的严重的贫穷，故选C．44 C 副词辨析．本句Nubia said that she was（44）struck by the children's lack of access to （45）-their school only went through the fourth grade．句意是Nubia 说她被这里的孩子们缺乏教育而受到打击，故选C．45 B 名词辨析．本句Nubia said that she was（44）struck by the children's lack of access to （45）-their school only went through the fourth grade．句意是Nubia 说她被这里的孩子们缺乏教育而受到打击，故选B46 C 名词辨析．本句Nubia became interested in one （46），Hermela．句意是Nubia 对其中一个学生感兴趣，故选C．47 A 形容词辨析．本句Hermela became （47）and attached to me to a point where it was becoming （48）for both of us to leave each other．句意是Hermela 和我非常亲近已经到了很难离开彼此的地步，故选A．48 A 形容词辨析．本句Hermela became （47）and attached to me to a point where it was becoming （48）for both of us to leave each other．句意是Hermela 和我非常亲近已经到了很难离开彼此的地步，故选A．49 C 动词辨析．本句The thought of Hermela not being able to have her meal and （49）education after the fourth grade became （50）and I knew I had to do something．句意是Hermela不能够吃饭和四年级后不能接受教育变得难以想象，我知道我必须做一些事情，故选C．50 A 形容词辨析．本句The thought of Hermela not being able to have her meal and （49）education after the fourth grade became （50）and I knew I had to do something．句意是Hermela不能够吃饭和四年级后不能接受教育变得难以想象，我知道我必须做一些事情，故选A51 B 副词辨析．本句．（51），she wanted to use the money her parents would have spent on a party to establish （52）grade class for Hermela and other kids．句意是取而代之，她想使用父母花在晚会上的钱去为Hermela和其他的孩子建立5年级，故选B．52 B 名词辨析．本句．（51），she wanted to use the money her parents would have spent on a party to establish （52）grade class for Hermela and other kids．句意是取而代之，她想使用父母花在晚会上的钱去为Hermela和其他的孩子建立5年级，故选B．53 D 形容词辨析．本句The money could provide a（n）（53）solution that will serve for many years compared to the one-day （54）of my party，"句意是与一天的幸福晚会相比，这个钱可以提供一个可以解决好几年的服务的解决方法，故选D．54 B 名词辨析．本句The money could provide a（n）（53）solution that will serve for many years compared to the one-day （54）of my party，"句意是与一天的幸福晚会相比，这个钱可以提供一个可以解决好几年的服务的解决方法，故选B55 B 动词辨析．本句I want Hermela to continue （55）．"句意是我想Hermela继续微笑，故选B．56 D 名词辨析．本句After telling friends and family her （56），Nubia set up a（n）（57）page"Keep Hermela Smiling"on CrowdRise．句意是在告诉朋友和家人她的计划后，Nubia 建立了一个捐赠网页，故选D．57 C 名词辨析．本句After telling friends and family her （56），Nubia set up a（n）（57）page"Keep Hermela Smiling"on CrowdRise．句意是在告诉朋友和家人她的计划后，Nubia 建立了一个捐赠网页，故选C58 C 名词辨析．本句Her （58）will raise funds for the Fregenet Foundation，句意是她的活动将会为这个基金筹备钱，故选C．59 C 动词辨析．本句So far，Nubia has （59）＄2，781 of her＄10，000 goal．句意是到现在为止，Nubia已经筹集了2781美元，故选C．60 B 形容词辨析．本句her parents have been extremely （60）；句意是她的父母极其的支持，故选B．本文主要讲述Nubia 把自己的生日晚会的费用当做了埃塞俄比亚孤儿院的助学基金，她筹备资金帮助那里的儿童继续学业．完型填空题的命题趋势解题步骤：1．通读全文，理解大意．重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础．2．瞻前顾后，避难就易．在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题．对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗．。

石家庄市第二中学教育集团2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试数学试卷（时间：120分钟，分值150分）一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 下列函数的求导正确的是（）A. B.C. D.2. 设曲线和曲线在它们的公共点处有相同的切线，则的值为（）A. 0B.C. 2D. 33. 已知随机变量的分布列如下，随机变量满足，则随机变量的期望E(Y)等于（）012A. B. C. D.4. 函数的大致图像是（）A. B.C. D.5. 为了培养同学们的团队合作意识，在集体活动中收获成功、收获友情、收获自信、磨砺心志，2023年4月17日，石家庄二中实验学校成功举办了首届“踔厉奋发新征程，勇毅前行赢未来”25公里远足活动. 某班()22x x'-=-()2e2ex x'=()cos cos sinx x x x x'=-()()122xx x-'=⋅()e xf x a b=+()πcos2xg x c=+()02P，+ab cπX Y21Y X=-YXP1613a43835373()(1)ln1f x x x=+-现有5名志愿者分配到3个不同的小组里协助班主任摄影，记录同学们的青春光影，要求每个人只能去一个小组，每个小组至少有一名志愿者，则不同的分配方案的总数为（ ）A 120B. 150C. 240D. 3006. 的展开式中的系数为（ ）A B. 17C. D. 137. 设，，，则（ ）A. B. C. D. 8. 若方程有三个不同的解，则实数的取值范围是（ ）A. B. C. D. 二、选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分. 在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求. 全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分.9. 已知，则下列结论正确的是（ ）A. B. C. D. 展开式中最大的系数为10. 已知函数，下列说法正确的有（ ）A. 若，，则函数F (x )有最小值B. 若，，则过原点可以作2条直线与曲线相切C. 若，且对任意，恒成立，则D. 若对任意，任意，恒成立，则的最小值是11 已知函数，若且，则有（ ）...()632x x ⎛- ⎝6x 17-13-35ln 23a =253e 5b =1c =c b a >>a b c >>a c b >>c a b>>()()23ln 12ln x a x ax x x--=a 224e 104e 4e ⎛⎫+ ⎪-⎝⎭，224e 114e 4e ⎛⎫+ ⎪-⎝⎭，()224e 10114e 4e ⎛⎫+⋃ ⎪-⎝⎭，，()224e 1014e 4e ⎧⎫+⋃⎨⎬-⎩⎭，()62601262a a x a x a x =+++⋯+3360a =-()()2202461351a a a a a a a +++-++=(6612622a a a ++⋯+=--2a ()()()2e 114ax F x m x m =++++0m =1a =-1m =-0a ≠()y F x =0a =m ∈R ()0F x >11x -<<R m ∈0x >()0F x ≥a 2e()()y f x x =∈R ()0f x >()()0f x xf x '+>A. 可能是奇函数或偶函数B. C. 当时， D. 三、填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分.12. 为弘扬我国古代“六艺文化”，某夏令营主办方计划利用暑期开设“礼”、“乐”、“射”、“御”、“书”，“数”六门体验课程，每周一门，连续开设六周，则课程“御”“书”“数”排在不相邻的三周，共有______种排法.13. 某校辩论赛小组共有5名成员，其中女生比男生多，现要从中随机抽取2名成员去参加外校交流活动，若抽到一男一女的概率为，则抽到2名男生的概率为_____________.14. 若，使得成立（其中为自然对数的底数），则实数的取值范围是_____________.四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15. 已知二项式的展开式中，所有项的二项式系数之和为，各项的系数之和为，（1）求的值；（2）求其展开式中所有的有理项．16. 某学校为了增进全体教职工对党史知识的了解，组织开展党史知识竞赛活动并以支部为单位参加比赛．现有两组党史题目放在甲､乙两个纸箱中，甲箱有个选择题和个填空题，乙箱中有个选择题和个填空题，比赛中要求每个支部在甲或乙两个纸箱中随机抽取两题作答．每个支部先抽取一题作答，答完后题目不放回纸箱中，再抽取第二题作答，两题答题结束后，再将这两个题目放回原纸箱中．（1）如果第一支部从乙箱中抽取了个题目，求第题抽到的是填空题的概率；（2）若第二支部从甲箱中抽取了个题目，答题结束后错将题目放入了乙箱中，接着第三支部答题，第三支部抽取第一题时，从乙箱中抽取了题目．求第三支部从乙箱中取出的这个题目是选择题的概率．17. 已知函数.（1）求函数的极值；（2）若对任意恒成立，求的最大整数值.18. 张强同学进行三次定点投篮测试，已知第一次投篮命中的概率为，第二次投篮命中的概率为，前的()f x ()()11f f -<ππ42x <<()()cos22sin e cos x f x f x >()()01f >35[]0,2x ∃∈()1eln e e 1ln xa a x x a --+≥-+e 2.71828= a nx ⎛- ⎝a b 32a b +=n 5343222()ln f x x x x =+()f x ()()1k x f x -<1x >k 1312两次投篮是否命中相互之间没有影响.第三次投篮受到前两次结果的影响，如果前两次投篮至少命中一次，则第三次投篮命中的概率为，如果前两次投篮均未命中，则第三次投篮命中的概率为.（1）求张强同学三次投篮至少命中一次的概率；（2）记张强同学三次投篮命中的次数为随机变量，求的概率分布.19. 设定义在R 上的函数．（1）若存在，使得成立，求实数a 的取值范围；（2）定义：如果实数s ，t ，r 满足，那么称s 比t 更接近r ．对于（1）中的a 及，问：和哪个更接近？并说明理由．石家庄市第二中学教育集团2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试数学试卷 简要答案一、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.【1题答案】【答案】C 【2题答案】【答案】C 【3题答案】【答案】C 【4题答案】【答案】B 【5题答案】【答案】B 【6题答案】2315ξξ()()e xf x ax a =-∈R [)01,x ∈+∞()0e f x a <-s r t r -≤-1x ≥ex1e x a -+ln x【答案】C 【7题答案】【答案】A 【8题答案】【答案】B二、选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分. 在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求. 全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分.【9题答案】【答案】BCD 【10题答案】【答案】ACD 【11题答案】【答案】BC三、填空题：本题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分.【12题答案】【答案】【13题答案】【答案】##【14题答案】【答案】四、解答题：本题共5小题，共77分. 解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.【15题答案】【答案】（1）4 （2）【16题答案】【答案】（1） （2）【17题答案】【答案】（1）极小值，无极大值为1441100.121e,e ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦42135,54,81T x T x T x-===377122e --（2）3【18题答案】【答案】（1）；（2）答案略.【19题答案】【答案】（1） （2）比更接近，理由略1115e a >ex1e x a -+ln x。

北京四中2017-2018学年下学期初中八年级期中考试英语试卷（考试时间为90分钟，试卷满分为120分）听力理解（每小题1分，共20分）一、听对话，从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。

每段对话你将听两遍。

（共5分，每小题1分）1.2.3.4.5.二、听对话或独白，根据对话或独白的内容，从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。

每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

（共10分，每小题1分）请听一段对话，完成第6至第7小题。

6. What is the girl going to do?A. To have a picnic.B. To visit her grandparents.C. To go shopping.7. How many times has the boy been to Shanghai?A. Five.B. Four.C. Three.请听一段对话，完成第8至第9小题。

8. How often does the boy go swimming?A. Every day.B. Once a week.C. Twice a week.9. What will the girl do this afternoon?A. Play table tennis.B. Do some housework.C. Meet a friend.请听一段对话，完成第10至第11小题。

10. Where are the two speakers?A. At home.B. In a hospital.C. At school.11. What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Have a good rest.B. Take some medicine.C. Do some sports.请听一段对话，完成第12至第13小题。

12. Who is the boy helping?A. Teachers.B. Doctors.C. Waiters.13. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Work experience.B. School life.C. Health care.请听一段独白，完成第14至第15小题。

河北省石家庄市第二中学2020-2021学年高二语文上学期期中试题（时间：150分钟，分值150分）一、现代文阅读（29分)（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共4小题，13分）阅读下面的文字,完成1~4题。

材料一：生态文学在中国发展的时间不长，仍是一个新兴的文学形态,生态文学作家们努力探索和尝试,让生态文学理念和实践在中国大地扎下根来。

总结当代生态文学创作面貌,主要有以下三方面特质.报告文学表现突出，多种文学体裁并进，早期生态文学多采取第一人称叙述视角，文学形式以报告文学和散文居多，报告文学如徐刚写沙漠化防治的《穿越风沙线》,岳非丘写长江污染防治的《只有一条长江》等，可谓第一人称表达范例，散文如苇岸写华北大平原上动物、植物及农事活动的《大地上的事情》等，影响深远。

近年来，小说和儿童文学领域也不乏生态文学佳作，带给我们惊喜。

长篇小说如周建新写人与海的《老滩》，儿童文学如黑鹤写动物的《银狐》等，都可圈可点。

全面观照生态文明建设各领域进展。

近年来，大气、水、土壤污染防治以及植被保护成效明显，生态文学作家以自觉的使命感和担当精神，关注和思考生态环境问题,热情讴歌和礼赞生态环境保护者.陈启文《穿越共和盆地》真实记录与反映新中国治沙成就,李云峰《汾河行思录》关注水土保持生态建设，等等.这些作品涉及生态文明建设多个领域，呼吁人们提高生态环保意识，以更大力度、更多措施开创社会主义生态文明建设新局面。

以与时俱进的生态文明理念为当代文学增添新质。

生态文学特征是什么？通过研究作家创作活动和作品，不难发现，生态文学一个重要特征是突出作家置身自然的体验和感受,或者说，作家对人与自然关系的认识及其体验和感受，这是生态文学的独特之处。

生态文学作家将人类社会与自然生态作为一个整体进行观照，无论记人、叙事、状物、抒情，或是回溯历史、描摹心灵，都能从关注自然生态到走入人类内心，关注人类普遍精神生态，作家们以人文主义情怀，对人类社会生态问题进行理性深刻的剖析与反省,努力探寻人类走出生态困境的可能出路.（选自李青松《生态文学绿意盎然》，2020年4月3日《人民日报》）材料二：新冠肺炎病毒正在全球肆虐的时候，生态文学的话题似乎有了更多的关注度。

河北省石家庄市第二中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中考试英语试卷学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解If you’re a photographer, we’d love to have you join this nonprofit photography workshop in Africa! Our photography volunteer program is a unique opportunity to sharpen your skills and learn about the work of nonprofit organizations. You just need a good camera,1．What is required to apply for the program?A．Related volunteer experience.B．Interest in African culture.C．Professional photography skills.D．Proper photography equipment. 2．What do we know about the schedule of the program?A．It combines theory and practice.B．Volunteers can team up freely to finish a project together.C．A professional photographer is assigned to every volunteer.D．Participants raise money for the organization via images they take.3．How much should you pay if you start the program on July 31and stay for 3 weeks?A．$2, 150.B．$2, 700.C．$3, 200.D．$3, 650.On March 14, Bai Xuesong, a guide at the Beilin Museum in Xi’an, northwest China’sattracted over 300, 000 viewers.Bai has become a hit on the Internet ever since he started giving tours of the museum collections through live streaming videos on February 23. After viewing his broadcasts, many netizens expressed a desire to visit the museum when it reopens after the COVID-19 outbreak.It is estimated that more than 30 museums in China, including the National Museum of China and the Dunhuang Academy China, have hosted live broadcasts on online platforms during the epidemic (流行病), each gaining over 10 million viewers in one day. The Gansu Provincial Museum, one of the museums that have been exploring online platforms and using them, attracted as many as 900, 000 viewers at one point in its live broadcasts, more than half of its total viewers last year, according to the deputy curator (副馆长) of the museum. As a result, the number of fans of the official online store of the museum on the e-commerce platform Taobao has grown to 25, 000, with sales of related products seeing a huge increase.“Cooperation between museums and Internet platforms is beneficial to both sides, ” said Huang Yang, vice professor with the cultural heritage and museology (博物馆学) department of the Nanjing Normal University. He said that while museums need to use live broadcasts tospread culture, Internet giants need the resources that museums possess to provide high-quality content for users.4．What could best replace the underlined word “showcasing” in paragraph 1?A．grouping.B．displaying.C．selling.D．advertising 5．What made Bai Xuesong popular on the Internet?A．His live broadcasts.B．His collection of art.C．His ability to make videos.D．His knowledge of the Internet. 6．What can the numbers in paragraph 3 show us?A．The popularity of online stores.B．The development of Chinese museums.C．The success of live broadcasts of museums.D．The importance of online platforms in China.7．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．There are two sides to every story.B．Experience is the mother of wisdom.C．Never rise early without proper benefit.D．Working together can create a win-win situation.Traveling is meant to be an enjoyable activity where you can relax and find pleasure. But one small town in Vermont, US, has closed its roads to the public due to the overwhelming (压倒性的) number of tourists, reported the news site Local 10.Famous for its beautiful autumn leaves, Pomfret, a small town with over 900 people, has been crowded with tourists attracted by beautiful pictures of the town shared on social media sites like TikTok and Instagram. This has led to “significant safety, environmental and quality of life issues, ” the Select Board of Pomfret wrote in a message to the community.Admittedly, the popularity of social media has opened up more of the world for visitors to explore. By using functions such as geotagging (地理标记) through which you can share your location, people are looking for and sharing these destinations, especially in rural areas like the small town of Pomfret. A rise in social media presence also brings the potential for greater tourism income and jobs for people in these travel sites.Social media is also often blamed for causing over-tourism. These places aren’t properly equipped to receive tourists. They can easily become overcrowded. Overcrowding leads tothe worst problems of tourism: more traffic and rubbish, without more money coming in.Social media has changed not only the destinations people travel to, but the way they behave once they get there. Getting the perfect photo is a top priority (优先事项) for many. “People are dressing for the photo rather than the destination or the customs, and there can be a big disconnect there, ” Lauren Siegel of the University of Greenwich said.8．Why did Pomfret decide to close its roads to the public?A．Some important people will visit it.B．Local people don’t like outsiders.C．Overcrowding has caused problems.D．The town needs some reconstruction. 9．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A．The trend of traveling to unknown places.B．The positive effect of social media on tourism.C．The importance of having a social media presence.D．The popularity of sharing locations on social media.10．Why can places like Pomfret be easily overcrowded?A．They offer tourists high-quality service.B．They lack good tourist control measures.C．They advertise too much on social media.D．They don’t have the proper tourist facilities (设施).11．According to the text, how has social media changed travelers’ behavior?A．They dress appropriately for their destinations.B．They pay more attention to the local customs.C．They disconnect from social media.D．They are more focused on taking photos.“The failure to play is now a serious issue and it calls for action for change, ” says Sir Ken Robinson, a leading expert in education, creativity and human development. This is the driving force behind Outdoor Classroom Day - a global teacher-led campaign, supported by Dirt is Good, a company producing daily chemical products.Outdoor Classroom Day, taking place on 17th May and 1st November this year, will see schools around the world swap the inside for the playground and beyond to make playtime a key part of the school day. This might involve using natural objects like stones to do sums, or going on an insect hunt to encourage curiosity. By now, Outdoor Classroom Day has grownfrom a grassroots movement to a global campaign that is expected to benefit five million children and over 40, 000 schools from all around the world.This is helping to change the trend that sees many schools selling up or building up on their playgrounds and cutting back on playtime to make more room for academic studies, while at home children’s lives are increasingly filled with organized activities intended to help them learn. Today globally 61% of parents surveyed in the Dirt is Good Qualitative Study said that children don’t know how to play without using technology.Outdoor Classroom Day is making playing time happen, with 22% of participating schools having increased their playtime since joining the campaign. 93% of teachers surveyed saw improvements in children’s creativity after playing outside and 97% believe that time outdoors is necessary for children to reach their full potential.Scientific studies show that real play -the active, physical, self-directed play -is essential for children to develop key life skills that are not taught elsewhere. Few would question the value of developing creativity, leadership, resourcefulness, and curiosity. 12．What do children do on Outdoor Classroom Day?A．Have PE. classes on the playgrounds.B．Have a day off and go playing anywhere.C．Learn and play by using natural things outside.D．Play on their own without the teachers’ guidance.13．Why do children spend less time outdoors?A．Schools stop providing playgrounds.B．Adults ignore the importance of playtime.C．Parents prefer to homeschool their children.D．Technology helps children learn better at home.14．What’s the school teachers’ attitude towards the campaign?A．Positive.B．Uncertain.C．Unconcerned.D．Negative. 15．What’s the purpose of the passage ?A．To introduce an activity.B．To advertise a product.C．To entertain the public.D．To persuade students to play.Dog owners walked about 23 minutes longer each day than non-dog owners. In a new study, dog owners took 2, 760 additional steps-compared to people who didn’t have a dog athome. But here’s the real good news: That extra exercise could help adults meet their recommended weekly totals for physical activity.The research, published in BMC Public Health, focused on adults 65 and older, who tend to be less active than younger people. The study included 43 dog owners and 43 non-dog owners, all of whom were monitored (监控) continuously for three week-long periods. When they compared the two groups, the researchers found that dog ownership was connected with a large, potentially health-improving effect.Dog owners walked about 23 minutes longer each day than non-dog owners, 119 minutes against 96 minutes on average. They also took an additional 2, 760 steps, and had eight fewer continuous periods of sitting down. Most of that extra walking was done at proper pace, 100 or more steps a minute. Dog owners walked at this pace for 32 minutes a day, against just 11 minutes a day for non-dog owners.The World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that adults get at least 150 minutes of physical activity a week. This increased walking time alone could satisfy that requirement, say the researchers - so it makes sense that 87 percent of dog owners in the study met these guidelines, versus just 47 percent of non-dog owners.Co-author Nancy Gee says that pet ownership may help older adults get more activity or keep their current activity level for a longer period of time. “This could improve their chances of a better quality of life, improved cognition (认知), and perhaps, even a long life, ” she said. Here at Health, we’ll add that caring for pets has been shown to have plenty of other physical and mental health benefits as well.16．What can we learn about the research?A．It was targeted at old people.B．It had an undesirable effect on dog owners.C．It was sponsored (资助) by the BMC Public Heal.D．It mainly considered the mental health of dog owners.17．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?A．To show the guidelines of the research.B．To present the results of the research.C．To describe the process of doing the research.D．To explain the reasons for conducting the research.18．What does Nancy Gee think of owning a dog?A．It will take a lot of time.B．It will surely help people live a long life.C．It enables older adults to live a healthy life.D．It helps young adults to improve their quality of life.19．What is the best title for the text?A．Young people walk less today B．Animal lovers are healthierC．Non-pet owners enjoy more pleasure D．Dog owners walk way more二、七选五At school, were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate? It was easy for yourdo it, and knowing what is distracting you, can help.Scientists have looked at what makes us procrastinate (拖延) and found a number of ways to help us stay focused. 21 Research by Science Focus magazine found that silence is best for concentration, but gentle coffee shop noise - for example - is also useful! It also found that turning off reminders on your phone, or switching the phone off altogether removes a major distraction and helps you focus on the task at hand.22 Psychologists and neuroscientists are interested in our ability to focus and have looked at what we can change inside our heads to help us concentrate. An article by Caroline Williams says, “Attention Researcher Nilli Lavic of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions. ” 23There are more practical tips toward keeping your mind focused. These include making a list of your tasks, finding a quiet workspace or even chewing some gum! It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted. But, according to Science Focus magazine, distraction isn’t all bad. “If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. 24 ”A．Distraction is vital for survival.B．Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life.C．Therefore, keeping yourself busy might be one answer.D．Your ability to concentrate well affects how effective you are.E．Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training.F．One obvious solution is to get rid of distracting noises or use “white noise”.G．Some people procrastinate because they worry they won’t be able to complete tasks perfectly.三、完形填空I was tasked with looking after my 13-year-old cousin Megan while my parents were31．A．frustrating B．amusing C．confusing D．annoying 32．A．join in B．turn around C．cry out D．calm down 33．A．remained B．broke C．worsened D．changed 34．A．take risks B．have fun C．make rules D．follow orders 35．A．hobbies B．opinions C．challenges D．company 36．A．avoid B．regret C．enjoy D．practice 37．A．struggles B．fears C．successes D．pains 38．A．friend B．parent C．teacher D．role model 39．A．similarity B．connection C．relation D．competition四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。