English Grammar Glossary

英语金牌练习册及答案电子课本# English Gold Practice Workbook and Answer KeyWelcome to the English Gold Practice Workbook and Answer Key, an essential resource for students aiming to enhance their English language proficiency. This workbook is designed to provide a comprehensive set of exercises that cover various aspects of the English language, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing skills.## Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Grammar Exercises- Tenses- Sentence Structure- Clauses- Conditionals3. Vocabulary Building- Synonyms and Antonyms- Phrasal Verbs- Idiomatic Expressions4. Reading Comprehension- Narrative Texts- Expository Texts- Persuasive Texts5. Writing Skills- Descriptive Writing- Narrative Writing- Argumentative Writing6. Answer Key7. Appendix- Additional Resources- Glossary of Terms## IntroductionThe English Gold Practice Workbook is tailored to meet the needs of learners who wish to improve their English language skills systematically. Each section has been carefully curated to challenge and develop your understanding of the language.## Grammar ExercisesGrammar is the backbone of any language, and our workbook provides a variety of exercises to strengthen your grammatical knowledge.- Tenses: Master the past, present, and future tenses with practical examples and exercises.- Sentence Structure: Learn how to construct well-formed sentences with subjects, verbs, and objects.- Clauses: Understand the use of dependent and independent clauses to create complex sentences.- Conditionals: Explore the different types of conditional sentences and their usage.## Vocabulary BuildingA rich vocabulary is key to fluent communication. This section will help you expand your word bank with practical applications.- Synonyms and Antonyms: Enhance your ability to express yourself with precision by learning synonyms and antonyms. - Phrasal Verbs: Grasp the meanings and uses of common phrasal verbs to sound more natural in English.- Idiomatic Expressions: Learn idiomatic language that will help you understand and use figurative speech.## Reading ComprehensionImprove your reading skills by engaging with a variety of texts.- Narrative Texts: Practice understanding stories and narratives.- Expository Texts: Learn to analyze and summarize information from expository texts.- Persuasive Texts: Develop critical reading skills to identify arguments and counterarguments.## Writing SkillsWriting is a critical skill that requires practice. This section will guide you through different types of writing.- Descriptive Writing: Learn how to paint a picture with words.- Narrative Writing: Practice telling stories in a compelling manner.- Argumentative Writing: Develop your ability to present and support an argument.## Answer KeyThe answer key provides solutions to all exercises, allowing you to check your understanding and learn from your mistakes.## Appendix- Additional Resources: Links and references to further your English language studies.- Glossary of Terms: A list of key terms used throughout the workbook for quick reference.This workbook is more than just a collection of exercises;it's a stepping stone to mastering the English language. Practice regularly and watch your skills flourish. Happy learning!。

字典的英文怎么读[z diǎn]n. dictionary ; vocabulary ; wordbook ; glossarydictionary英[dk()n()r] 美[dknri] n. 字典;词典vocabulary英[v()kbjlr] 美[vkbjlri] n. 词汇;词表[ 复数vocabularies ]wordbook英[wdbk] 美[wkbk] n. 词典;字汇表;歌词集glossary英[gls()r] 美[ɡlɑsri] n. 术语(特殊用语)表;词汇表;专业词典[ 复数glossaries ]双语例句Throw me that dictionary. 把那本词典扔给我。

《21世纪大英汉词典》She bought an English dictionary for me. 她给我买了一本英语词典。

《21世纪大英汉词典》To my teacher I dedicate this dictionary in token of affection and gratitude.我谨以此词典献给我的老师，以表示对他的爱戴和感激之情。

《21世纪大英汉词典》First, learning the basic vocabulary and grammar of this language. 第一，学习这门语言的基本的词汇和语法。

Often this long lifecycle existed because the business vocabulary for thebusiness level management of assets was not aligned with the IT levelmanagement of assets. 通常这个长时间的周期都会存在，因为业务层面的资产管理的业务词汇与IT 层面的资产管理是不一致的。

But he could say vowel clearly and began to learn vocabulary. 但是他已经能清楚地说元音并开始学习词汇。

语言学中英术语对照Glossary and Index Aabbreviation 缩写词,略语Abercrombieablative 夺格,离格abstractness 抽象性accent 重音(符)accuracy 正确性accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者addition 添加address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分;附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affix hopping 词缀跳跃affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义ambiguous歧义的American descriptive linguistics 美国描写语言学American English 美式英语American Indian languages 美国印第安族诸语言American structuralism 美国结构主义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应AndersonAnimal communication system 动物交际系统animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词;前在词anthropological 人类学的anthropological linguistics 人类语言学anticipatory coarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称;代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics 应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性;得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音Apteaptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项;中词;主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气;送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵;半谐音Atkinson, A.M.attributive 属性;修饰语;定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学Austin, John Langshaw authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behaver 行为者behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论Black English 黑人英语blade 舌叶;舌面前部blank verse无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用;借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接British English 英式英语broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造;仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的;使投动词CD-I, compact disk-interactive 交互式激光视盘center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统Chinese 汉语choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句;从句click 吸气音;咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节;符尾code 语码;信码cognitive psycholinguistics 认知心理语言学cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关;关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘COMPACT DISD-READ ONLY MEMORY,CD-ROM 激光视盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution 互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词;复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer 计算机;电脑computer-assisted learning, CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assisted instruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assisted learning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致(关系)concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义contact 接触content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规;规约conventional meaning 常规意义;规约意义conventionality 常规性;规约性conversational implicature 会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列Cordercoreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl. corpora) 语料;素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数(名词)counterfactual proposition 反事实命题couplet 对句;对联creativity 创造性;原创性Creole 克里澳尔语;混和语cross-cultural 跨文化cross-cultural communication 跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culture 文化culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延;指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix. 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学description 描写descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离;变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号;变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学dialogue对话dictionary 词典digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音;双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇;话语discourse analysis 语篇分析;话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的;离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化(作用) distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分distribution 分布do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围;领域dorsal 舌背音;舌中音dorsum 舌背(音)double comparative 双重比较download 下载drama 戏剧drill-and-practice software 操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性;简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略(法)elliptical sentence structure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的emphasis 强调empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音;增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的;素的evaluation 评估event process 事件过程example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的;彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimental psycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction, EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST 扩展标准理论extensive 引申的;扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动。

张道真英语语法大全(全两册)As a document creator, my role is to provide a comprehensive guide on English grammar based on the content of "The Complete Guide to English Grammar by Zhang Daozhen" (in two volumes). In this article, I will present the essential aspects of English grammar, focusing on accuracy, clarity, and coherence. Without further ado, let's delve into the world of English grammar.Grammar is the backbone of any language, and English is no exception. It encompasses the rules and structures that govern how words are formed, combined, and used to convey meaning. Understanding English grammar is crucial for effective communication, whether it be in speaking, writing, or even understanding others.1. Parts of Speech:The first fundamental aspect of English grammar is the classification of words into different parts of speech. These include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each part of speech has its unique role and function within a sentence.2. Sentence Structure:The next important aspect is sentence structure. English sentences are typically composed of a subject, a verb, and an object. However, variations exist, such as sentences with compound subjects or objects, as well as sentences with different types of clauses, including independent, dependent, and relative clauses.3. Tenses:Tenses play a vital role in indicating the time of an action or event. English has twelve tenses, including present simple, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, past simple, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future simple, future continuous, future perfect, and future perfect continuous. Each tense has specific rules for formation and usage.4. Verb Forms:Verbs have different forms to indicate tense, aspect, mood, and voice. These forms include the base form, infinitive, gerund, present participle, past simple, past participle, and various auxiliary verbs like "be," "have," and "do." Understanding verb forms is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences.5. Sentence Types:English sentences can be classified into four main types: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. Declarative sentences make statements, interrogative sentences ask questions, imperative sentences give commands or instructions, and exclamatory sentences express strong emotions or surprise.6. Agreement:Subject-verb agreement and pronoun-antecedent agreement are crucial aspects of grammar. Subject-verb agreement ensures that the verb agrees with the subject in terms of number and person. Pronoun-antecedent agreement ensures that pronouns agree with their antecedents in terms of gender, number, and person.7. Modifiers:Modifiers, including adjectives and adverbs, provide additional information and enhance the meaning of nouns, pronouns, verbs, and other adjectives or adverbs. Proper placement and usage of modifiers are essential for clear and precise communication.8. Sentence Connectors:Sentence connectors, such as conjunctions and transitional phrases, help establish logical connections between sentences and paragraphs. They enable smooth transitions and coherent flow in writing, making the text more cohesive and understandable.9. Punctuation:Punctuation marks, such as commas, periods, question marks, exclamation marks, colons, and semicolons, are essential for conveying meaning and clarifying the structure of sentences. Proper punctuation usage enhances readability and prevents ambiguity.10. Word Choice and Usage:The choice and usage of words significantly impact the clarity and effectiveness of communication. Understanding synonyms, antonyms, idioms, collocations, and phrasal verbs can enrich vocabulary and improve language proficiency.In conclusion, a solid understanding of English grammar is indispensable for effective communication in both spoken and written forms. By grasping the essential aspects discussed in this article, you can enhance your language skills and express yourself accurately and confidently. Remember, practice and continuous learning are key to mastering English grammar.。

English grammarEnglish grammar is the body of rules that describe the structure of expressions in the English language. This includes the structure of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences.There are historical, social, and regional variations of English. Divergences from the grammar described here occur in some dialects of English. This article describes a generalized present-day Standard English, the form of speech found in types of public discourse including broadcasting, education, entertainment, government, and news reporting, including both formal and informal speech. There are certain differences in grammar between the standard forms of British English, American English, and Australian English, although these are inconspicuous compared with the lexical and pronunciation differences.Contents[hide]∙ 1 Word classes and phraseso 1.1 Nouns▪ 1.1.1 Noun phraseso 1.2 Determinerso 1.3 Pronouns▪ 1.3.1 Personal pronouns▪ 1.3.2 Demonstrative and interrogative pronouns▪ 1.3.3 Relative pronouns▪ 1.3.4 There as pronoun▪ 1.3.5 Other pronounso 1.4 Verbs▪ 1.4.1 Verb phraseso 1.5 Adjectives▪ 1.5.1 Comparison▪ 1.5.2 Adjective phraseso 1.6 Adverbs▪ 1.6.1 Adverb phraseso 1.7 Prepositionso 1.8 Conjunctions∙ 2 Negation∙ 3 Clause and sentence structureo 3.1 Questionso 3.2 Dependent clauseso 3.3 Other uses of inversiono 3.4 Imperativeso 3.5 Elliptical constructions∙ 4 History of English grammars∙ 5 See also∙ 6 Notes and references∙7 Bibliographyo7.1 Grammar bookso7.2 Monographs∙8 External links[edit] Word classes and phrasesThere are eight word classes, or parts of speech, that are distinguished in English: nouns, determiners, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions. (Determiners, traditionally classified along with adjectives, have not always been regarded as a separate part of speech.) Interjections are another word class, but these are not described here as they do not form part of the clause and sentence structure of the language.[1]Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs form open classes– word classes that readily accept new members, such as the noun celebutante(a celebrity who frequents the fashion circles), the adverb 24/7 (as in I am working on it 24/7), and similar relatively new words.[1] The others are regarded as closed classes. For example, it is rare for a new pronoun to be admitted to the language.English words are not generally marked for word class. It is not usually possible to tell from the form of a word which class it belongs to except, to some extent, in the case of words with inflectional endings or derivational suffixes. On the other hand, some words belong to more than one word class. For example run can serve as either a verb or a noun (these are regarded as two different lexemes).[2] Lexemes may be inflected to express different grammatical categories. The lexeme run has the forms runs, ran, and running.[2]Words in one class can sometimes be derived from those in another. This has the potential to give rise to new words. The noun aerobics has recently given rise to the adjective aerobicized.[2]Words combine to form phrases. A phrase typically serves the same function as a word from some particular word class.[2] For example, my very goodfriend Peter is a phrase that can be used in a sentence as if it were a noun, and is therefore called a noun phrase. Similarly, adjective phrases and adverb phrases function as if they were adjectives or adverbs, but with other types of phrases the terminology has different implications. For example, a verb phrase consists of a verb together with any objects and other dependents; a prepositional phrase consists of a preposition together with its complement (and is therefore usually a type of adverb phrase); and a determiner phrase is a type of noun phrase containing a determiner.[edit] NounsNouns form the largest English word class. There are many common suffixes used to form nouns from other nouns or from other types of words, such as -age(as in shrinkage), -hood(as in sisterhood), and so on,[2]although many nouns are base forms not containing any such suffix (such as cat, grass, France). Nouns are also often created by conversion of verbs or adjectives, as with the words talk and reading(a boring talk, the assigned reading).Unlike in many related languages, English nouns do not have grammatical gender(although many nouns refer specifically to male or female persons or animals, like mother, father, bull, tigress; see Gender in English). Nouns are sometimes classified semantically (by their meanings) as proper nouns and common nouns(Cyrus, China vs. frog, milk) or as concrete nouns and abstract nouns (book, laptop vs. heat, prejudice).[3] A grammatical distinction is often made between count (countable) nouns such as clock and city, and non-count (uncountable) nouns such as milk and decor.[4]Some nouns can function to be either countable or uncountable such the word "wine" (This is a good wine, I prefer red wine).Countable nouns generally have singular and plural forms.[3]In most cases the plural is formed from the singular by adding -[e]s(as in dogs, bushes), although there are also irregular forms (woman/women, medium/media, etc.), including cases where the two forms are identical (sheep, series). For more details, see English plural.Certain nouns can take plural verbs even though they are singular in form, as in The government were ...(where the government is considered to refer to the people constituting the government). This, a form of synesis, is more common in British than American English. See English plural: Singulars with collective meaning treated as plural.English nouns are not marked for case as they are in some languages, but they have possessive forms, formed by the addition of -'s (as in John's, children's), or just an apostrophe (with no change in pronunciation) in the case of -[e]s plurals and sometimes other words ending with -s (the dogs' owners, Jesus' love). More generally, the ending can be applied to noun phrases (as in the man you saw yesterday's sister); see below. The possessive form can be used either as a determiner (John's cat) or as a noun phrase (John's is the one next to Jane's). For details, see English possessive.[edit] Noun phrasesNoun phrases are phrases that function grammatically as nouns within sentences, for example as the subject or object of a verb. Most noun phrases have a noun as their head.[4]An English noun phrase typically takes the following form (not all elements need be present):D ETERMINER + P RE-MODIFIERS + NOUN + P OSTMODIFIERS/C OMPLEMENTIn this structure:∙the determiner may be an article (the, a[n]) or other equivalent word, as described in the following section. In many contexts it is required for a noun phrase to include some determiner.∙pre-modifiers include adjectives and some adjective phrases (such as red, really lovely), and noun adjuncts (such as college in the phrase the college student). Adjectival modifiers usually comebefore noun adjuncts.∙ a complement or postmodifier[4]may be a prepositional phrase (... of London), a relative clause (like ...which we saw yesterday),certain adjective or participial phrases (... sitting on the beach), or a dependent clause or infinitive phrase appropriate to the noun (like ... that the world is round after a noun such as fact orstatement, or ... to travel widely after a noun such as desire). An example of a noun phrase that includes all of the above-mentioned elements is that rather attractive young college student that you were talking to. Here that is the determiner, rather attractive and young are adjectival pre-modifiers, college is a noun adjunct, student is the noun serving as the head of the phrase, and that you were talking to is a post-modifier (a relative clause in this case). Notice the order of thepre-modifiers; the determiner that must come first and the noun adjunct college must come after the adjectival modifiers.Coordinating conjunctions such as and, or, and but can be used at various levels in noun phrases, as in John, Paul, and Mary; the matching green coat and hat; a dangerous but exciting ride; a person sitting down or standing up. See Conjunctions below for more explanation.Noun phrases can also be placed in apposition (where two consecutive phrases refer to the same thing), as in that president, Abraham Lincoln, ...(where that president and Abraham Lincoln are in apposition). In some contexts the same can be expressed by a prepositional phrase, as in the twin curses of famine and pestilence (meaning "the twin curses" that are "famine and pestilence").Particular forms of noun phrases include:∙phrases formed by the determiner the with an adjective, as in the homeless, the English (these are plural phrases referring tohomeless people or English people in general);∙phrases with a pronoun rather than a noun as the head (see below);∙phrases consisting just of a possessive;∙infinitive and gerund phrases, in certain positions;∙certain clauses, such as that clauses and relative clauses like what he said, in certain positions.[edit] DeterminersMain articles: English determiners and English articlesEnglish determiners constitute a relatively small class of words. They include the articles the, a[n] (and in some contexts some), certain demonstrative and interrogative words such as this, that, and which, possessives such as my and whose(the role of determiner can also be played by noun possessive forms such as John's and the girl's), various quantifying words like all, many, various, and numerals(one, two, etc.). There are also many phrases (such as a couple of) that can play the role of determiners.Determiners are used in the formation of noun phrases (see above). Many words that serve as determiners can also be used as pronouns (this, that, many, etc.)Determiners can be used in certain combinations, such as all the water and the many problems .In many contexts, it is required for a noun phrase to be completed with an article or some other determiner. It is not grammatical to say just cat sat on table ; one must say my cat sat on the table . The most common situations in which a complete noun phrase can be formed without a determiner are when it refers generally to a whole class or concept (as in dogs are dangerous and beauty is subjective ) and when it is a name (Jane , Spain , etc.) This is discussed in more detail at English articles and Zero article in English .[edit ] Pronouns Pronouns are a relatively small, closed class of words that function in the place of nouns or noun phrases. They include personal pronouns , demonstrative pronouns , relative pronouns , interrogative pronouns , and some others, mainly indefinite pronouns .[edit ] Personal pronounsMain article: English personal pronounsThe personal pronouns of modern standard English, and the corresponding possessive forms, are as follows:Nominative Oblique Reflexive Possessive determiner Possessive pronoun 1st pers. sing.I me myself my mine 2nd pers. sing./pl. you you yourself/yourselves youryours 3rd pers. sing. she , he , it her , him , itherself , himself , itself her , his , its hers , his , (rare: its ) 1st pers. pl.we us ourselves our ours 3rd pers. pl. they themthemselves their theirs The second-person forms such as you are used with both singular and plural reference. (An archaic set of pronouns used for singular reference is thou, thee, thyself, thy, thine .) You can also be used as an indefinite pronoun ,referring to a person in general (see generic you) compared to the more formal alternative, one (reflexive oneself, possessive one's).The third-person singular forms are differentiated according to the sex of the referent. For example, she can be used to refer to a female person, sometimes a female animal, and sometimes an object to which female characteristics are attributed, such as a ship or a country. A male person, and sometimes a male animal, is referred to using he. In other cases it can be used. (See Gender in English.) The word it can also be used as a dummy subject, in sentences like It is going to be sunny this afternoon.The third-person plural forms such as they are sometimes used with singular reference, as a gender-neutral pronoun, as in each employee should ensure they tidy their desk. This usage is sometimes considered ungrammatical. (See singular they.)The possessive deteminers such as my are used as determiners together with nouns, as in my old man, some of his friends. The second possessive forms like mine are used when they do not qualify a noun: as pronouns, as in mine is bigger than yours, and as predicates, as in this one is mine. Note also the construction a friend of mine(meaning "someone who is my friend"). See English possessive for more details.[edit] Demonstrative and interrogative pronounsThe demonstrative pronouns of English are this (plural these), and that (plural those), as in these are good, I like that. Note that all four words can also be used as determiners (followed by a noun), as in those cars. They can also then form the alternative pronominal expressions this/that one, these/those ones.The interrogative pronouns are who, what, and which(all of them can take the suffix -ever for emphasis). The pronoun who refers to a person or people; it has an oblique form whom(though in informal contexts this is usually replaced by who), and a possessive form (pronoun or determiner) whose. The pronoun what refers to things or abstracts. The word which is used to ask about alternatives from what is seen as a closed set: which (of the books) do you like best? (It can also be an interrogative determiner: which book?; this can form the alternative pronominal expressions which one and which ones.) Which, who, and what can be either singular or plural, although who and what often take a singular verb regardless of any supposed number. For more information see who.All the interrogative pronouns can also be used as relative pronouns; see below for more details.[edit] Relative pronounsMain article: English relative clauses. For "who/whom" and related forms, see also Who (pronoun).The main relative pronouns in English are who(with its derived forms whom and whose), which, and that.[5]The relative pronoun which refers to things rather than persons, as in the shirt, which used to be red, is faded. For persons, who is used (the man who saw me was tall). The oblique case form of who is whom, as in the man whom I saw was tall, although in informal registers who is commonly used in place of whom.The possessive form of who is whose (the man whose car is missing ...); however the use of whose is not restricted to persons (one can say an idea whose time has come).The word that as a relative pronoun is normally found only in restrictive relative clauses (unlike which and who, which can be used in both restrictive and unrestrictive clauses). It can refer to either persons or things, and cannot follow a preposition. For example, one can say the song that [or which] I listened to yesterday, but the song to which [not to that] I listened yesterday. The relative pronoun that is usually pronounced with a reduced vowel (schwa), and hence differently from the demonstrative that(see Weak and strong forms in English). If that is not the subject of the relative clause, it can be omitted (the song I listened to yesterday).The word what can be used to form a free relative clause– one that has no antecedent and that serves as a complete noun phrase in itself, as in I like what he likes. The words whatever and whichever can be used similarly, in the role of either pronouns (whatever he likes) or determiners (whatever book he likes). When referring to persons, who(ever) (and whom(ever)) can be used in a similar way (but not as determiners).[edit] There as pronounThe word there is used as a pronoun in some sentences, playing the role of a dummy subject, normally of an intransitive verb. The "logical subject" of the verb then appears as a complement after the verb.This use of there occurs most commonly with forms of the verb be in existential clauses, to refer to the presence or existence of something. For example: There is a heaven; There are two cups on the table; Therehave been a lot of problems lately. It can also be used with other verbs: There exist two major variants; There occurred a very strange incident.The dummy subject takes the number (singular or plural) of the logical subject (complement), hence it takes a plural verb if the complement is plural. In colloquial English, however, the contraction there's is often used where there are would be expected.The dummy subject can undergo inversion, Is there a test today?and Never has there been a man such as this. It can also appear without a corresponding logical subject, in short sentences and question tags: There wasn't a discussion, was there? There was.The word there in such sentences has sometimes been analyzed as an adverb, or as a dummy predicate, rather than as a pronoun.[6] However, its identification as a pronoun is most consistent with its behavior in inverted sentences and question tags as described above.Because the word there can also be a deictic adverb (meaning "at/to that place"), a sentence like There is a river could have either of two meanings: "a river exists" (with there as a pronoun), and "a river is in that place" (with there as an adverb). In speech, the adverbial there would be given stress, while the pronoun would not – in fact the pronoun is often pronounced as a weak form, /ðə(r)/.[edit] Other pronounsOther pronouns in English are often identical in form to determiners (especially quantifiers), such as many, a little, etc. Sometimes the pronoun form is different, as with none(corresponding to the determiner no), nothing, everyone, somebody, etc. Many examples are listed at Indefinite pronoun.[edit] VerbsMain article: English verbsVerbs form the second largest word class after nouns. The basic form of an English verb is not generally marked by any ending, although there are certain suffixes that are frequently used to form verbs, such as -ate (formulate), -fy (electrify), and -ise/ize (realise/realize).[7] Many verbs also contain prefixes, such un- (unmask), out- (outlast), over-(overtake), and under-(undervalue).[7]Verbs can also be formed from nouns and adjectives by conversion, as with the verbs snare, nose, dry, and calm.Most verbs have three or four inflected forms: a third-person singular present tense form in -s (writes), a present participle and gerund form in -ing (writing), a past tense (wrote), and – though often identical to the past tense form –a past participle(written). Regular verbs have identical past tense and past participle forms in -ed, but there are 100 or so irregular English verbs with different forms (see list). The verbs have, do and say also have irregular third-person present tense forms (has, does/dʌz/, says/sɛz/). The verb be has the largest number of irregularforms (am, is, are in the present tense, was, were in the past tense, been for the past participle).Most of what are often referred to as verb tenses (or sometimes aspects) in English are formed using auxiliary verbs. Apart from what are called the simple present(write, writes) and simple past(wrote), there are also continuous (progressive) forms (am/is/are/was/were writing), perfect forms (have/has/had written, and the perfect continuous have/has/had been writing), future forms (will write, will be writing, will have written, will have been writing), and conditionals (also called "future in the past") with would in place of will. The auxiliaries shall and should sometimes replace will and would in the first person. For the uses of these various verb forms, see English verbs and English clause syntax.The infinitive is the basic form of the verb (be, write, play), although there is also a "to-infinitive" (to be, to write, to play) used in many syntactical constructions. There are also infinitives corresponding to other aspects: (to) have written, (to) be writing, (to) have been writing. The second-person imperative is identical to the (basic) infinitive; other imperative forms may be made with let (let us go, or let's go; let them eat cake).A form identical to the infinitive can be used as a present subjunctive in certain contexts: It is important that he follow them or ... that he be committed to the cause. There is also a past subjunctive (distinct from the simple past only in the possible use of were instead of was), used in some conditional sentences and similar: if I were (or was) rich ...; were he to arrive now ...; I wish she were(or was) here. For details see English subjunctive.The passive voice is formed using the verb be (in the appropriate tense or form) with the past participle of the verb in question: cars are driven, he was killed, I am being tickled, it is nice to be pampered, etc. Theperformer of the action may be introduced in a prepositional phrase with by (as in they were killed by the invaders).The English modal verbs consist of the core modals can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, as well as ought (to), had better, and in some uses dare and need.[8]These do not inflect for person or number,[8] and do not have infinitive or participle forms (except synonyms, as with be/being/been able (to) for the modals can/could). The modals are used with the basic infinitive form of a verb (I can swim, he may be killed, we dare not move, need they go?), except for ought, which takes to (you ought to go).The copula be, along with the modal verbs and the other auxiliaries, form a distinct class, sometimes called "special verbs" or simply "auxiliaries".[9]These have different syntax from ordinary lexical verbs, especially in that they make their interrogative forms by plain inversion with the subject, and their negative forms by adding not after the verb (could I ...? I could not ...). Apart from those already mentioned, this class may also include used to (although the forms did he use to? and he didn't use to are also found), and sometimes have even when not an auxiliary (forms like have you a sister?and he hadn't a clue are possible, though becoming less common). It also includes the auxiliary do (does, did); this is used with the basic infinitive of other verbs (those not belonging to the "special verbs" class) to make their question and negation forms, as well as emphatic forms (do I like you?; he doesn't speak English; we did close the fridge). For more details of this, seedo-support.Some forms of the copula and auxiliaries often appear as contractions, as in I'm for I am, you'd for you would or you had, and John's for John is. Their negated forms with following not are also often contracted (see Negation below). For detail see English auxiliaries and contractions.[edit] Verb phrasesA verb together with its dependents, excluding its subject, may be identified as a verb phrase (although this concept is not acknowledged in all theories of grammar[10]). A verb phrase headed by a finite verb may also be called a predicate. The dependents may be objects, complements, and modifiers (adverbs or adverbial phrases). In English, objects and complements nearly always come after the verb; a direct object precedes other complements such as prepositional phrases, but if there is an indirect object as well, expressed without a preposition, then that precedes the direct object: give me the book, but give the book to me. Adverbial modifiers generally follow objects, although other positionsare possible (see under Adverbs below). Certain verb–modifier combinations, particularly when they have independent meaning (such as take on and get up), are known as "phrasal verbs".For details of possible patterns, see English clause syntax. See the Non-finite clauses section of that article for verb phrases headed by non-finite verb forms, such as infinitives and participles.[edit] AdjectivesEnglish adjectives, as with other word classes, cannot in general be identified as such by their form,[11]although many of them are formed from nouns or other words by the addition of a suffix, such as -al(habitual), -ful(blissful), -ic(atomic), -ish(impish, youngish), -ous(hazardous), etc.; or from other adjectives using a prefix: disloyal, irredeemable, unforeseen, overtired.Adjectives may be used attributively, as part of a noun phrase (nearly always preceding the noun they modify), as in the big house, or predicatively, as in the house is big. Certain adjectives are restricted to one or other use; for example, drunken is attributive (a drunken sailor), while drunk is usually predicative (the sailor was drunk).[edit] ComparisonMany adjectives have comparative and superlative forms in -er and -est,[12] such as faster and fastest(from the positive form fast). Spelling rules which maintain pronunciation apply to suffixing adjectives just as they do for similar treatment of regular past tense formation; these cover consonant doubling (as in bigger and biggest, from big) and the change of y to i after consonants (as in happier and happiest, from happy).The adjectives good and bad have the irregular forms better, best and worse, worst; also far becomes farther, farthest or further, furthest. The adjective old(for which the regular older and oldest are usual) also has the irregular forms elder and eldest, these generally being restricted to use in comparing siblings and in certain independent uses. For the comparison of adverbs, see Adverbs below.Many adjectives, however, particularly those that are longer and less common, do not have inflected comparative and superlative forms. Instead, they can be qualified with more and most, as in beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful (this construction is also sometimes used even for adjectives for which inflected forms do exist).Certain adjectives are classed as ungradable.[12] These represent properties that cannot be compared on a scale; they simply apply or do not, as with pregnant, dead, unique. Consequently, comparative and superlative forms of such adjectives are not normally used, except in a figurative, humorous or imprecise context. Similarly, such adjectives are not normally qualified with modifiers of degree such as very and fairly, although with some of them it is idiomatic to use adverbs such as completely. Another type of adjectives sometimes considered ungradable is those that represent an extreme degree of some property, such as delicious and terrified; the same point about modifiers applies to these, although it is not rare to find them in comparative or superlative form.[edit] Adjective phrasesAn adjective phrase is a group of words that plays the role of an adjective in a sentence. It usually has a single adjective as its head, to which modifiers and complements may be added.[13]Adjectives can be modified by a preceding adverb or adverb phrase, as in very warm, truly imposing, more than a little excited. Some can also be preceded by a noun or quantitative phrase, as in fat-free, two-metre-long.Complements following the adjective may include:∙prepositional phrases: proud of him, angry at the screen, keen on breeding toads;∙infinitive phrases: anxious to solve the problem, easy to pick up;∙content clauses, i.e. that clauses and certain others: certain that he was right, unsure where they are;∙after comparatives, phrases or clauses with than: better than you, smaller than I had imagined.An adjective phrase may include both modifiers before the adjective and a complement after it, as in very difficult to put away.Adjective phrases containing complements after the adjective cannot normally be used as attributive adjectives before a noun. Sometimes they are used attributively after the noun, as in a woman proud of being a midwife (where they may be converted into relative clauses: a woman who is proud of being a midwife), but it is wrong to say *a proud of being a midwife woman. Exceptions include very brief and often established phrases such as easy-to-use. (Certain complements can be moved to after the noun, leaving the adjective before the noun, as in a better man than you, a hard nut to crack.)。

2024版维克多英语高中英语词汇大纲(词汇表)全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys! Today I'm gonna tell you all about the 2024 version of Victor English High School English Vocabulary Outline. It's gonna be super fun and easy to learn, so let's dive right in!In this new version of the vocabulary outline, we have a lot of cool new words and phrases to learn. We will not only learn basic words and phrases, but also some advanced ones to help us improve our English skills.First up, we have some basic words like "hello", "goodbye", "thank you" and "please". These are important words that we use every day, so make sure to remember them well.Next, we have some fun new words like "awesome", "fantastic", "amazing" and "cool". These words are great for describing things that we really like or enjoy.For more advanced learners, we have words like "exquisite", "phenomenal", "magnificent" and "superb". These words are perfect for describing something that is truly exceptional.In addition to individual words, we will also learn some common phrases and expressions that we can use in different situations. For example, "How are you?" is a great phrase to use when you want to ask someone how they are doing.Overall, the 2024 version of the Victor English High School English Vocabulary Outline is filled with exciting new words and phrases that will help us become better English speakers. So let's start learning and have fun with it!篇2Hi everyone, I'm going to tell you all about the 2024 version of the Victor English High School English vocabulary outline! It's like a big list of all the super important words you need to know to be really good at English. Let's check it out together!Okay, so the first section is all about basic words like numbers, colors, days of the week, and months. Like, you gotta know your one, two, three and your red, blue, green. And don't forget Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and January, February, March!Next up, we got the big words that you use to describe things. Like if something is really big, you can say it's enormous.And if you're feeling super happy, you can say you're ecstatic. These words make your English sound more awesome!Then we have all the words for different kinds of emotions and feelings. Like if you're sad, you can say you're feeling down. And if you're excited, you can say you're thrilled. It's important to know how to talk about your feelings in English.After that, we got a bunch of words for things you can find in a house, like table, chair, bed. And also words for clothes like shirt, pants, shoes. You gotta know these words so you can talk about your house and what you're wearing!And last but not least, we have words for food and drinks. Like pizza, hamburger, apple, and water. It's super important to know these words because everyone loves food!So that's the 2024 version of the Victor English High School English vocabulary outline. Make sure to study hard and learn all these words so you can be a super English whiz! Have fun learning, everyone!篇3Hello everyone, I'm so excited to share with you the 2024 version of the Victor English High School English vocabularyglossary! It's gonna be so awesome and helpful for our English learning journey. Let's dive right in!First up, we have a bunch of new words that are super cool and fun to learn. Like "dab," which means to do a quick dance move where you drop your head into the crook of your elbow. It's so trendy and we can totally impress our friends with it!Next, we have "yeet," which is a fun expression to show excitement or approval. We can use it when we're excited about something awesome, like getting a high score on a test or winning a game.And don't forget about "slay," which means to do something really well or in a stylish way. We can use it when we're rocking a cool outfit or acing a presentation in class.But it's not just about new words, we also have some traditional vocabulary that's important to know. Like "homework," which we all love to hate but it's essential for learning. And "reading," which is super important for improving our English skills and expanding our knowledge.We also have "grammar," which helps us understand the rules of language and how to use words correctly. It may not bethe most exciting topic, but it's essential for becoming better English speakers and writers.Overall, this glossary is gonna help us improve our English skills and have fun while doing it. Let's dive in and start learning these awesome words!篇4Hello everyone, my name is Emily and today I want to tell you all about the 2024 version of the Victor High School English Vocabulary Handbook!So, the new handbook is super cool because it has a bunch of new words and phrases that we can use to sound super smart when we talk or write in English. It's like having a secret code that makes us sound like English experts!One of the sections in the handbook is all about different ways to say the same thing. Like instead of saying "happy," we can say "joyful" or "gleeful." It's like having a thesaurus in our pocket!There's also a section on common idioms and phrases. Did you know that when someone says they're "barking up the wrong tree," it means they're looking for something in the wrongplace? It's so fun to learn all these new sayings and understand what they really mean.And don't even get me started on the section about different types of writing. We can learn how to write persuasive essays, descriptive paragraphs, and even creative stories. It's like amini-writing class right in our hands!Overall, the 2024 version of the Victor High School English Vocabulary Handbook is a must-have for any student who wants to improve their English skills. I can't wait to start using all these new words and phrases in my everyday conversations. Thanks for listening, guys!篇5Title: Victor High School English Vocabulary Handbook 2024Hey guys, it's time to check out the new English vocabulary handbook for Victor High School in 2024! This new edition is packed with all the cool and useful words you need to ace your English classes. So let's dive in and see what words are in store for us this year.First up, we have some great adjectives to describe things. Words like "awesome," "amazing," and "fantastic" will help youexpress how cool something is. And don't forget about "beautiful," "gorgeous," and "stunning" for those times when you need to talk about something really pretty.Next, let's talk about verbs. You'll want to use words like "explore," "discover," and "adventure" when you're talking about going on a trip or trying something new. And don't forget about "create," "imagine," and "invent" when you're feeling creative and want to come up with something new.Now, let's move on to some useful phrases and expressions. Words like "thank you," "please," and "excuse me" will help you show good manners. And phrases like "I'm sorry," "I don't understand," and "can you help me?" will come in handy when you need to ask for help or apologize.And last but not least, we have some important words for talking about feelings. Words like "happy," "sad," and "excited" will help you express your emotions. And don't forget about "nervous," "scared," and "surprised" for those times when you're feeling a little overwhelmed.So there you have it, the 2024 edition of the Victor High School English Vocabulary Handbook. With these words in your arsenal, you'll be able to impress your teachers, classmates, andanyone else you meet. So go ahead and start practicing these words today and watch as your English skills improve!篇6Yo yo yo, what's up my bros and sis! Today I'm gonna tell you all about the brand new 2024 edition of the Victor High School English Vocabulary Handbook, also known as the "Victor English Vocab Monster"!First off, let me tell you that this bad boy is jam-packed with all the dope words you need to know to conquer that English class like a boss. We're talking words that will blow your mind and impress your teachers, friends, and even your mom!The new edition includes all your favorite sections like "Everyday Slang" where you can learn all the cool words the kids are using these days, "Hip Hop Lyrics" where you can learn lyrics from your favorite songs and expand your vocabulary, and "Social Media Lingo" where you can decipher all those crazy acronyms and hashtags.But that's not all, my peeps! This edition also features new sections like "Trendy Tech Terms" where you can learn all about the latest tech buzzwords, "Eco-Friendly Vocabulary" where youcan learn words related to saving the planet, and "Inspirational Quotes" where you can get motivated with some uplifting words.So grab your copy of the 2024 Victor English Vocab Monster and get ready to slay that English class like a superstar! Remember, with great vocabulary comes great responsibility. Stay lit, stay woke, and keep on learning those words, my dudes! Peace out!。

七上英语学练优早读本等一课作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Awesome English Textbooks!Hi there! My name is Emma and I'm a 7th grader. I just started a new school year and I'm super excited about my English class this year. We have some really cool textbooks that I can't wait to tell you about!First up is the "Seven Up English Study Practice Reading Textbook". This book is huge - it must have like a million pages in it! But it's packed with all sorts of fun stories, poems, articles and more for me to read. The readings start off pretty easy but then get harder as the book goes on. That's perfect for helping me get better at reading English.There are readings about kids going on adventures, talking animals, famous people from history, science topics and so much more. Whenever I feel stuck on a big word or phrase, there are helpful glossary sections to explain what it means. And after every reading, there are comprehension questions to test if I understood the main ideas. I have to admit, some of thosequestions are really tricky! But working through them helps me become a better reader.What I love most about this textbook though are the vibrant, colorful pictures throughout. They aren't just boring black and white drawings - these are big, beautiful photographs and illustrations that make the stories come alive. Whenever I'm reading about a magical forest or an exciting event from the past, I can look at the corresponding picture to visualize what it would be like. The pictures definitely make the readings a lot more engaging and fun.But that's not the only English textbook we're using this year. We also have a "Seven Up English Grammar Practice Workbook" to help improve our language skills. I'll be honest...when I first saw this big, thick workbook, I thought it was going to be super boring and dry. Boy, was I wrong!The grammar lessons start off really simple, like reviewing basic sentence structures, parts of speech, verb tenses and the like. But then they quickly get much more challenging by covering advanced grammar concepts. There are tons of practice exercises after each lesson, both for working individually and for paired/group work. My favorite activities are the fun games andpuzzles that have been sprinkled throughout to make practicing grammar way more enjoyable.What really makes the grammar workbook great though are the hilarious comics, jokes and stories used to illustrate each concept. Instead of just giving some random, bland example sentences, the textbook authors make them creative and amusing. Like the chapter on pronouns featured a weird comic about a boy who kept saying "it" when referring to his little sister. Sounds silly, but it really helped the pronoun lessons stick in my brain! There are hidden jokes and puns all over the place, which makes working through the dry grammar material way more bearable.And you know what else is awesome? The textbooks come with lots of fun supplemental materials, games, flashcards and online activities to help reinforce what we're learning. We can play English word games as a class, put on silly skits practicing dialogue, or race against each other on grammar quizzes using the classroom tablets. It makes me excited to see what creative extras they've included each week.With textbooks this engaging, I can't wait to start digging into all the readings, lessons and activities. These books are gonna help take my English skills to the next level this year, that'sfor sure. Reading has never been so fun and relevant. And grammar practice doesn't seem so awful anymore when it's packaged with fun comics and games.I'm really lucky my teacher picked such an entertaining, interactive and supportive set of English textbooks and supplemental materials. Now if you'll excuse me, I've got some reading and grammar exercises calling my name. Gotta squeeze in some practice before my big English test next week! Thanks for letting me tell you all about my awesome new textbooks. Happy studying, everyone!篇2My New English TextbookThis year I started 7th grade and I have a brand new English textbook! It's really thick and has so many lessons in it. The cover is blue and it's called "Go For It!" I'm excited but also a little nervous to start learning from this big book.The first lesson is called "A Letter to Pen Pals" and it's all about writing letters to people in other countries. I think that's a cool way to practice English and also make new friends. The lesson starts by teaching us how to write the date properly inEnglish. Like you write the month first, then the day, then the year. In Chinese we usually write the year first so that's different.Next it shows samples of how to start a letter with "Dear..." and end it with "Yours sincerely," or other closings. It reminds us to indent paragraphs which I sometimes forget to do. The lesson has examples of letters that students wrote to pen pals introducing themselves. They talk about their hobbies, families, favorite subjects and more.One of the sample letters is from a British boy named Harry. He likes playing football (which we call soccer) and video games. He also really enjoys math class. Another is from an American girl named Emily who plays the piano and has two little brothers. Reading their letters makes me want to find a pen pal too!The second part of the lesson is about asking questions in letters. Like you can ask "What are your hobbies?" or "Do you have any pets?" The examples show how to make questions using "do/does" or putting the verb first. There are also ways to answer those types of questions.After the examples, there are exercises to practice writing questions and answers. Like it will say "He __ tennis every afternoon." And you have to write "plays". Or it will give you aprompt like "What sports/you/like/play?" and you have to unscramble it into a question.The last part shows how to ask follow-up questions to keep a conversation going in letters. Like if someone says "I have a dog," you can ask "What kind of dog is it?" or "How old is your dog?" The examples make it look pretty easy but I'll have to practice a lot.Overall, I think this first lesson about pen pals will be really useful. Writing letters is a good way to practice English, especially about common topics like hobbies and families. I'll definitely need to review things like forming questions correctly. But I'm looking forward to the challenge!Maybe I'll even find a real pen pal to write to after going through this lesson. That would be so exciting to get letters from another country. Well, that's all about the first lesson in my new English book. Wish me luck with the rest of the textbook this year! I'm going to go study some more now.篇3My Awesome 7th Grade English ClassHi there! My name is Tommy and I'm a 7th grader at Oakwood Middle School. I just started a new school year and I'm super excited to tell you all about my English class. English is definitely my favorite subject and I'm working really hard to get good grades so I can go to a great university someday.This year we have a brand new English textbook called "American Voices" and let me tell you, it is THE BEST textbook I've ever had! The readings are all so interesting and the practice activities are actually fun instead of boring. We get to read short stories, poems, plays, and excerpts from great novels. My favorite story so far is "The Monkey's Paw" by W.W. Jacobs - it's a creepy tale about being careful what you wish for. I definitely wouldn't want a magical monkey paw in my house!But the textbook isn't the only cool thing about English class this year. We also get to do an "Early Reading" program where we read short books and take quizzes on them. I'm a pretty fast reader so I've already finished a bunch of the Early Reader books. My favorite so far was "Holes" by Louis Sachar about a boy who gets sent to a desert camp to dig holes as punishment. The story had so many twists and turns that I couldn't put it down!Mrs. Douglas, my English teacher, is awesome too. She has a great sense of humor and really knows how to make the lessonsengaging. Instead of just lecturing at us, she has us act out scenes from plays, analyze poems together as a class, and come up with creative writing prompts. I used to struggle with writing essays, but thanks to Mrs. Douglas's lessons I'm getting much better at organizing my thoughts and supporting my arguments.Of course, English class does have some challenging parts too. Learning all the grammar rules for verbs, adjectives, adverbs and so on can be pretty confusing. And don't even get me started on properly using semicolons versus colons! Mastering sophisticated vocabulary words is tough too - words like "ubiquitous" and "quintessential" are hard to memorize. Thank goodness we have fun vocabulary games and flashcard activities to help us learn instead of just memorizing word lists.My favorite part of English so far has definitely been our class discussions and debates. Recently, we had a debate about whether homelesness is a major problem our society should focus on solving. I was on the affirmative side arguing that more resources need to go toward providing affordable housing and job training for homeless individuals. Getting to research the issue, craft persuasive arguments, and engage in some friendly debating with my classmates was both educational and exciting.I think I might want to be a lawyer when I grow up!Needless to say, I'm really enjoying 7th grade English so far. The lessons are interesting, the books are great, and I'm becoming a much better reader, writer and critical thinker. I know mastering English skills will open up so many doors for me in the future when it comes to getting into a top university and pursuing my dream career. Even though English can be challenging at times, I'm determined to work hard and make this an awesome year. Who knew learning could be so much fun?篇4My New English Books for 7th GradeWow, I just got my new English books and materials for 7th grade! I'm so excited to start learning more this year. The books look really thick and have lots of pages. I can't wait to dive in!The first book is called "New Horizon English Course Book 1" and it's our main textbook. When I opened it up, I saw units with funny names like "Hello, New World" and "Making Friends." There are readings, dialogues, grammar exercises, and all sorts of activities. The pages have colorful pictures and look very engaging. I noticed there are little cartoons and jokes throughout too which will probably make studying more fun.Next is the "New Horizon Practice Book 1" which has extra practice activities that go along with each unit in the Course Book. It looks like we'll be doing fill-in-the-blanks, matching, short answer questions, and writing practice. The exercises seem challenging but useful for reinforcing what we learn. My favorite part is the vocabulary practice - learning new words is always my biggest struggle in English class.Then there are two books for reading skills. One is called "Go Readers" and is filled with simplified stories and non-fiction articles. The other is "Reading Explorer" which seems to have more advanced fiction excerpts and essays. I really hope the reading selections are interesting this year. Reading is my favorite part of English because it's like exploring new worlds!For listening and pronunciation, we have a "New Horizon Listening Practice Book." There are QR codes we can scan to hear audio recordings of dialogues, conversations, and passages. Working on listening comprehension is important since English sounds so different from Chinese. I always need extra practice training my ears.What really caught my eye though is this cool new "Online Learning Resource" we get access to. It has videos, games, quizzes and even AI chatbots to help us with our English! Havinginteractive digital tools sounds awesome. My favorite subject just got even more high-tech and cutting-edge. I can't wait to try out all the online activities.There are also some reference books like a "Learner's Dictionary" and a "Grammar Handbook" which will be great resources when I need to look things up or get extra explanations. Oh, and I can't forget the writing handbook that shows examples and has tips for different types of writing tasks.Phew, that's a whole lot of books and materials to get through this year! But I'm really motivated and excited to improve my English skills. With so many varied resources, the classes should never be boring.7th grade is going to be challenging for sure, but I'm ready to work hard. Having quality textbooks, practice exercises, and digital tools will make learning English much easier and more fun.I can tell this curriculum was designed to build our skills in an engaging way.My biggest goals are to read more fluently, expand my vocabulary, and feel confident writing and speaking. By the end of the year, I hope to understand English books, movies and songs without too much difficulty. It will be so rewarding when I'm able to express myself and communicate freely in English.Well, summer's over and there's no more time for relaxing. Time to roll up my sleeves, open up these new books, and jump into improving my English abilities! This year is going to be filled with new knowledge, hard work, but also a lot of fun. I have a feeling 7th grade English is going to be an awesome adventure. Let the learning begin!篇5My Awesome English TextbookHi everyone! I'm super excited to tell you all about my new English textbook that I just started using in my 7th grade class. It's called "Learning English is Fun and Easy" and it's definitely living up to its name so far!The first unit we covered was all about introducing yourself and learning basic conversational skills. On the very first page, there was a big colorful picture of kids from all around the world waving and saying "Hello!" in different languages. I thought that was really cool to see how the same greeting can be said so many different ways depending on where you're from.Our first lesson was on asking people's names and where they are from. We learned the phrase "What's your name?" and "Where are you from?" in English. Then we practiced introducingourselves by saying "My name is..." and then stating what country or city we're from. It was a little weird at first to have conversations completely in English, but after going around the room a few times it started feeling more natural.Next, we moved on to learning numbers from 1 to 100 in English. I'll admit, remembering how to pronounce and spell all those number words was pretty tricky at first! We played some fun games though like Number Bingo and Counting Around the Circle to help us practice. By the end of that lesson, I felt like I had the number words down pat.The reading sections for this unit had lots of simple conversations between kids introducing themselves and asking each other questions. There were pictures along with the text to give visuals for the new vocabulary words we were learning. My favorite story was about two friends named Amy and Sameer who met at the park and found out they were both new students at the same school. It was fun following their little chat and by the end I could understand most of what they were saying in English.For the writing section, we started off by just filling in blank spaces to complete sentences using the new phrases we had learned. Gradually, we moved on to writing our own shortintroductions about our name, age, hometown, and other basic info about ourselves. It was sort of strange writing a whole paragraph just stating facts about me, but I guess it was good practice for simple sentence structure.After we finished the first unit, our teacher had us go around the room and introduce ourselves in English to a partner. We also had to ask the partner some get-to-know-you questions like their name, age, and where they were from. I was pretty nervous to have my first full English conversation, but my partner was really nice and we each made sure to speak slowly and clearly. By the end, I actually felt proud that I could hold a multi-sentence exchange completely in my second language!Overall, I'm really enjoying this new English textbook so far. The lessons start off super basic but break everything down in a way that makes it easy for beginners like me to understand. I love all the colorful pictures and illustrations too – they make the book feel fun instead of just boring blocks of text.While some of the activities like memorizing new vocab words can be a bit tedious, the games and partner practices help make it more interactive and engaging. I'm definitely noticing my English conversational skills improving already after just thefirst unit. I can't wait to see what else this awesome book has in store for me to learn!篇6My Favorite English BookHi everyone! My name is Tommy and I'm in 7th grade. Today I want to tell you all about my very favorite English book that we use in class. It's called the "Seven Grade English Study and Practice Excellence Early Reading Course." That's a pretty long name, but I just call it my "reading course" book for short.This book is super awesome and I love using it in my English class. It has helped me get really good at reading, writing, speaking, and listening to English. Before I started using this book, English was pretty hard for me. But now I feel like I'm becoming an English expert!The reading course book has so many fun stories, poems, games, and activities inside. My favorite part is definitely the stories. They are so interesting and exciting to read. Some are funny stories that make me laugh out loud. Others are adventure stories that make me feel like I'm going on a journey to an amazing place. And some of the stories teach really important life lessons about being a good person.One of my most favorite stories is called "The Powerful Magic Pencil." It's about a boy who finds an enchanted pencil that makes anything he draws become real! At first he uses it to get lots of cool toys and yummy snacks. But then he starts drawing bigger things like a rocket ship, dinosaurs, and even a huge monster! By the end of the story, the boy learns that with great power comes great responsibility. It's a really imaginative tale and it reminds me not to be selfish.Another story I loved is "The Friendly Ghost." It's anot-so-scary ghost story about a young girl who befriends the ghost haunting her house. The ghost is actually really nice and just wants to find peace. In the end, the girl helps the ghost move on to the afterlife. What I learned from this story is that you shouldn't judge people (or ghosts!) by their appearance. You have to give everyone a chance to show their true character.The reading course book also has lots of helpful exercises to build my English skills. There are vocabulary games where I learn tons of new words. Grammar exercises help me understand how to construct proper sentences. Pronunciation drills allow me to practice speaking clearly. And reading comprehension questions ensure I fully understand the meaning of each story.My favorite exercises are the writing prompts where I get to use my imagination. One prompt asked me to write a short story about what superpower I would want and how。

(完整word版)常用英语语法术语表English Grammar Glossary—常用英语语法术语表一语法：grammar句法：syntax词法:morphology结构：structure层次：rank句子：sentence从句：clause词组：phrase词类：part of speech单词:word实词：notional word虚词：structural word单纯词：simple word派生词：derivative复合词：compound词性:part of speech名词：noun专有名词：proper noun普通名词：common noun可数名词：countable noun不可数名词:uncountable noun抽象名词：abstract noun具体名词:concret noun物质名词：material noun集体名词:collective noun个体名词：individual noun介词:preposition连词：conjunction动词：verb主动词：main verb及物动词：transitive verb不及物动词:intransitive verb系动词：link verb助动词：auxiliary verb情态动词:modal verb规则动词:regular verb不规则动词：irregular verb短语动词：phrasal verb限定动词：finite verb非限定动词：infinite verb使役动词：causative verb感官动词：verb of senses动态动词：event verb静态动词：state verb感叹词：exclamation 形容词:adjective副词：adverb方式副词:adverb of manner程度副词：adverb of degree时间副词：adverb of time地点副词：adverb of place修饰性副词：adjunct连接性副词：conjunct疑问副词:interogative adverb关系副词：relative adverb代词：pronoun人称代词：personal pronoun物主代词：possesive pronoun反身代词:reflexive pronoun相互代词:reciprocal pronoun指示代词：demonstrative pronoun疑问代词：interrogative pronoun关系代词:relative pronoun不定代词：indefinite pronoun物主代词：possecive pronoun名词性物主代词:nominal possesivepronoun形容词性物主代词:adjectivalpossesive pronoun冠词:article定冠词：definite article不定冠词：indefinite article数词：numeral基数词:cardinal numeral序数词：ordinal numeral分数词:fractional numeral形式:form单数形式:singular form复数形式：plural form限定动词:finite verb form非限定动词：non—finite verb form原形：base form从句：clause从属句:subordinate clause并列句：coordinate clause名词从句：nominal clause定语从句：attributive clause状语从句：adverbial clause宾语从句：object clause主语从句:subject clause同位语从句：appositive clause时间状语从句：adverbial clause oftime地点状语从句：adverbial clause ofplace方式状语从句：adverbial clause ofmanner让步状语从句：adverbial clause ofconcession原因状语从句：adverbial clause ofcause结果状语从句：adverbial clause ofresult目的状语从句:adverbial clause ofpurpose条件状语从句：adverbial clause ofcondition真实条件状语从句：adverbial clauseof real condition非真实条件状语从句:adverbial clauseof unreal condition含蓄条件句：adverbial clause ofimplied condition错综条件句：adverbial clause of mixedcondition句子：sentence简单句:simple sentence并列句：compound sentence复合句：complex sentence并列复合句：compound complexsentence陈述句:declarative sentence疑问句：interrogative sentence一般疑问句：general question特殊疑问句:special question选择疑问句：alternative question附加疑问句:tag question反义疑问句：disjunctive question修辞疑问句：rhetorical question感叹疑问句:exclamatory question存在句：existential sentence肯定句:positive sentence基本句型：basic sentence pattern否定句：negative sentence祈使句：imperative sentence省略句:elliptical sentence感叹句：exclamatory sentence句子成分：members of sentences主语：subject谓语：predicate宾语:object(完整word版)常用英语语法术语表双宾语：dual object直接宾语：direct object间接宾语:indirect object复合宾语：complex object同源宾语：cognate object补语:complement主补：subject complement宾补:object complement表语：predicative定语:attribute同位语:appositive状语：adverbialEnglish Grammar Glossary-常用英语语法术语表二句法关系：syntatic relationship并列:coordinate从属：subordination修饰：modification前置修饰:pre—modification后置修饰：post-modification限制:restriction双重限制：double—restriction非限制：non-restriction数：number单数形式:singular form复数形式：plural form规则形式：regular form不规则形式：irregular form格：case普通格：common case所有格:possessive case主格：nominative case宾格：objective case性：gender阳性：masculine阴性：feminine通性：common中性：neuter人称:person第一人称：first person第二人称：second person第三人称：third person时态：tense过去将来时：past future tense过去将来进行时：past future continuous tense过去将来完成时：past future perfect tense一般现在时：present simple tense一般过去时：past simple tense一般将来时：future simple tense现在完成时:past perfect tense过去完成时:present perfect tense将来完成时：future perfect tense现在进行时:present continuous tense过去进行时：past continuous tense将来进行时：future continuous tense过去将来进行时：past futurecontinuous tense现在完成进行时：present perfectcontinuous tense过去完成进行时:past perfectcontinuous tense语态：voice主动语态：active voice被动语态：passive voice语气：mood陈述语气：indicative mood祈使语气：imperative mood虚拟语气:subjunctive mood否定：negation否定范围：scope of negation全部否定：full negation局部否定：partial negation转移否定：shift of negation语序：order自然语序：natural order倒装语序：inversion全部倒装：full inversion部分倒装：partial inversion引语：citation直接引语：direct speech间接引语：indirect speech自由直接引语：free direct speech自由间接引语:free indirect speech一致：agreement主谓一致：subject-predicateagreement语法一致：grammatical agreement概念一致：notional agreement就近原则：principle of proximity强调：emphasis重复：repetition语音：pronunciation语调：tone升调:rising tone降调：falling tone降升调:falling—rising tone文体：style正式文体：formal非正式文体：informal口语：spoken/oral English套语：formulistic expression英国英语：British English美国英语：American English用法:usage感情色彩:emotional coloring褒义：commendatory贬义：derogatory幽默：humorous讽刺：sarcastic挖苦：ironic。

自考高级英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "abandon" is most likely to be found in which part of a dictionary?A) PrefaceB) AppendixC) GlossaryD) Index答案：D2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a narrative text?A) Chronological orderB) Descriptive languageC) Personal anecdotesD) Objective reporting答案：D3. In a persuasive essay, the writer's main goal is to:A) Inform the readerB) Entertain the readerC) Persuade the readerD) Criticize the reader答案：C4. The phrase "break the ice" means:A) To stop a conversationB) To start a conversationC) To change the subjectD) To end a conversation答案：B5. Which of the following is a formal way to address a letter?A) Dear Sir/MadamB) Hi thereC) HelloD) Hey答案：A6. The correct use of the verb "to be" in the sentence "The book is on the table" is as:A) A linking verbB) A transitive verbC) An intransitive verbD) A causative verb答案：A7. The term "hyperbole" refers to:A) A figure of speech that uses exaggeration for emphasisB) A figure of speech that uses understatement for emphasisC) A figure of speech that uses repetition for emphasisD) A figure of speech that uses irony for emphasis答案：A8. Which of the following is a synonym for "meticulous"?A) CarelessB) ImpatientC) PreciseD) Reckless答案：C9. The phrase "a shot in the dark" means:A) A random guessB) A well-planned actionC) A certain successD) A well-aimed shot答案：A10. In English grammar, the term "subjunctive mood" is used to describe:A) A hypothetical situationB) A past eventC) A future eventD) A present event答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" can be used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案：meticulous2. The phrase "____" is used to describe a situation where someone is trying to find out information without being obvious.答案：fishing for information3. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative and likes to tell stories.答案：garrulous4. The phrase "____" is used to describe a situation where someone is not showing their true feelings or intentions. 答案：wearing a mask5. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very careful and cautious.答案：prudent6. The phrase "____" is used to describe a situation where someone is trying to make a difficult decision.答案：caught between a rock and a hard place7. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very creative and imaginative.答案：inventive8. The phrase "____" is used to describe a situation where someone is trying to make something appear better than it really is.答案：putting a good face on it9. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very secretive and does not share information easily.答案：reticent10. The phrase "____" is used to describe a situation where someone is trying to make a difficult decision.答案：on the horns of a dilemma三、阅读理解（每题5分，共30分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。