畜牧兽医专业英语十篇课文翻译
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畜牧兽医专业英语十篇课文翻译Lesson1skeletonThe skeleton is the basic framework of the animal.It gives it shape andsize.The skeleton carries and supports the weight of the body.It protects some org ans from external damage,e.g.ribs ribs protect the heart and lungs and skull protects the allow the animal to move.The bones contain reserves of some elements which the animal can mobilize when they are needed by the body(1)动物骨架的基本框架。
它给出了它的形状和尺寸。
骨架进行和支持身体的重量。
它可以保护从外部损伤某些器官，egribs 肋骨保护心脏和肺部，骷髅保护动物移动。
骨骼含有的一些元素储备的动物时，可以调动他们所需要的身体（1）The skeleton develops in the unborn animal from cartilage which hardens as chemi cal salts are deposited in it.骨架在未出生的动物从化学盐沉积在软骨硬化的发展。
In the aged animal the amount of mineral of in the bone increases.This makes the bones brittle.Bones grow in both length and thickness.The bones of the skele ton do not develop at the same rate in the growing animal(2).The skull and hi nd limbs of a new-born lamb form a high percentage of the skeleton but this decre ases as the lamb grows.Hind limbs develop faster than fore limbs.在老年动物矿物在骨的增加的量。
这使得骨骼脆性。
骨骼的生长在长度和厚度。
骨头的骨架不以同样的速度在不断增长的动物（2）发展。
一个新出生的羊羔头骨和后肢形成一个高比例的骨架，但降低的羔羊生长。
后肢比前肢发展得更快。
Animal breeders by careful selection can changes produce and size of the skeleton and thus the animal(3).Sometimes the changes produce weakness in the skeleton. Very long pigs can suffer from back troubles.Movement depends on the joints between the bones to move under muscle actiong .Joints fall into there categories.通过仔细选择的动物育种者可以改变产生和大小的骨架，因此，动物（3）。
有时变化产生的骨架疲软。
很长的猪可能遭受从背面的麻烦。
运动依赖于关节之间的骨头下肌肉actiong移动。
接头分为有类别。
Sliding joints;Hinged joints;Ball-and-socket joints.Sliding joints.In there joints the two bone ends that form the joints are smooth and slightly curved.They are able to slide over each other allowing movement.T he bones are held together by ligaments attached to the outer membrane of the two bones.滑动关节;铰接接头;球窝关节。
滑动关节。
在那里关节，形成关节的骨端光滑，稍弯曲。
他们是能滑过对方让运动。
外膜的两块骨头的韧带附着的骨头是一起举行的。
Hinged joints.The bones forming the joint have enlarged surface areas that key i nto each other(4).This forms strong joint,but limits movement in the joint to one pl ane.铰链关节。
其他（4）扩大了表面积，关键的骨骼形成的联合。
这就形成了强强联合，但将联合限制在一个平面上。
Ball-and-socket joints.There very strong joints have large surface areas of contact which spreads the weight put on the joint.Movement is limited(rotary with some sid eways movement).球窝关节。
有很强的关节表面的接触面积大，其传播的重量放在联合。
运动是有限的（旋转与一些侧身运动）。
The joints of the skeleton need oiling to reduce wear.Where the bones meet,they are covered with a pack of cartilage which acts as a shock absorber and provides a wear-resistant surface.Over the cartilage is a membrane which produces a fluid t o lubricate the joint.骨骼关节需要上油，以减少磨损。
倘骨头满足，它们覆盖软骨它作为一个减振器，并提供了一个耐磨的表面与一包。
超过产生的流体润滑关节软骨是一种膜。
Movement in joints is caused by the contraction and expansion of muscles associat ed with that joint.在关节中的运动是由与该关节相关联的肌肉的收缩和膨胀。
Lesson2muscleMuscle cells,like neurons,con be excited chemically,electrically,and mechanically to produ ce an action potential that is transmitted along their cell membrane.They contain cont raction proteins and,unlike neurons,they have a contractile mechanism that is activated by the action potential.肌肉细胞，如神经元，浓度被激发化学，电和机械地产生沿其细胞膜上的动作电位被发送。
它们包含收缩蛋白和不同于神经元，它们有一个收缩的机制被激活的动作电位。
Muscle is generally divided into3types,skeletal,cardiac,and smooth,although smooth muscle is not a homogeneous single category.Skeletal muscle comprises the great massof the somatic musculature.It has well-developed cross-striations,does not normally in the absence of nervous stimulation,lacks anatomic and functional connections between ind ividual muscle fibers,and is generally under voluntary control(1).Cardiac muscle also has cross-striations,but it is functionally syncytial in character and contracts rhythmically in th e absence of external innervation owing to the presence in the myocardium of pacem aker cells that discharge spontaneously.Smooth muscle lacks cross-striations.The type f ound in most hollow viscera is functionally syncytial in character and contains pacemak ers that discharge irregularly.The type found in the eye and in some other locations is not spontaneously active and resembles skeletal muscle.There are contractile protei ns similar to those in muscle in many other cells,and it appears that these proteins are responsible for cell motility,mitosis,and the movement of various components within c ell.肌肉一般分为3种类型，骨骼肌，心肌，光滑，虽然不是一个均一的单category.Skeletal肌肉包括躯体肌肉组织带来了大量的平滑肌。
