高中英语常用词组辨别
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be content to do sth., be content with sth., be satisfied with sth.
以上三个词组都含有“对„„感到满意“的意思,但仍有不同。
be content to do sth.指“满足于做„„,甘心地做„„,知足于做„..”
如:John seems content to sit in front of the television all night.
看来约翰整晚坐在电视机前已感心满意足。
be content with sth. 表示没有什么特别值得一提的牢骚和不满的事情,“满足的,甘心的”。如:
Are you content with your work?
你对你的工作满意吗?
be satisfied with 表示欲望获得满足的状态,“对„„感到满意”。如:
He was not satisfied with the result.
他对那个结果感到不满意。
be afraid of sth./sb., be afraid to do sth. , be afraid of doing sth., be afraid for sth.
afraid 作为形容词表示“害怕”之意,但由于所接的词及其结构不同,含义也不同。
be afraid of sth/sb. 表示“害怕某人或某物”。如:
Don’t be afraid of the dog.
不要怕那只狗。
be afraid to do sth. 侧重表示“不敢做某事”。如:
I was afraid to go out fo the house at night.
我怕夜间到屋外去。
be afraid of doing sth.侧重指主语因担心可能发生的后果而害怕做某事。如:
I didn’t tell her because /was afraid of upsetting her.
我不敢告诉好,是怕她听了心烦。
be afraid for sth. 表示“替„„担心”。如:
He was afraid for his job.
他怕丢了那份工作。
be worried about sth./sb., worry about sth./sb.
二者都表示“担心,担忧”之意,但有所不同。
be worried about sth./sb. 是一个形容词词组,必须与be 动词,系动词连用。如:
She seems very worried about something.
她像是在为什么事犯愁。
worry about sth./sb. 是一个动词词组,无须在与be 动词连用。如:
You don’t have to worry about that.
你不必为那事操心。
break down , break up
二者均有“分解”,“分开”“衰弱”之意,当二者表示“拆散”解时,可以通用。如:
The old cars were broken down /up for their parts.
拆掉旧汽车,以 取得零部件。
break down 除了有以上含义之外,还有破坏,停止运转; 坏掉之意; 另外也可指人身体出毛病。 如:
The police broke the door down. 警察把门砸开了。
The car broke down.
汽车坏了。
Your health will break down if you work too hard.
你工作过度会损害健康。
break up 除了有以上的含义之外,更侧重指“(关系)破坏”;“结束”,另外也可指精神上的颓丧,垮下去。如:
Their marriage broke up.
他们的婚姻破裂了。
The police broke up the fight.
警察制止了斗殴。
The death of her pet cat broke her up.
她心爱的猫咪死去,使她精神颓丧。
be to , be about to , be going to
以上三者均表示“即将”“就要发生”但在具体语境中仍有不同。
be to do sth. 表示人的“意志,计划,安排”等。如:
He is to meet his father at the station.
他将要在车站接他的父亲。(含有事先安排或双方事先约好的意思)
be about to do 指最近的将来, 常译为“即将”“就要”表示动作“马上就要发生”,后面不能接时间状语。另外, 它常用于be about to do „when„结构中。如:
He is about to leave.
他就要离开了。
不能说: He is about to go tomorrow. 应把tomorrow 去掉。如:
He was just about to leave when the telephone rang.
他正要离开时,电话铃声响了。
be going to „表示将要做某事时,指主语“按计划,打算,安排做的事”,这时,主语只能是人。如:
She is going to get married newt month.
他打算下个月结婚。
另外,主语是事物时,它表示说话人根据某种迹象重现推测可能发生的事。如:
The wind went down toward sunset.
太阳下山时风停了,看来明天是好天气。
be in love with ,fall in love with
二者无有“恋爱”之意,但仍有不同。
be in love with 表示恋爱的状态。
The young pair are in love with each other
这对年轻人在恋爱。
fall in love with 表示恋爱的动作。
They fell in love at once
他们很快就相爱了。
be seated, seat oneself /sb ,be sitting, sit 以上词汇均有“就座”之意,但含义仍有区别。
seat (v ) 表示“使座,帮助 坐”,经常用于被动语态,做宾语补足语,即表示处于坐的状态,此时与sitting通用。如:
He was seated
他坐着。
I glanced at the man seated next to me (=I glanced at the man who was sitting next to me )
我看了一下坐在我旁边的那男人。
please be seated 请坐。
另外,seat还可表示“容纳”,“坐得下„„人”,“使„„坐”。如:
The hall seats 200
这大厅能容纳二百人。
He seated himself at a desk
他在桌子边坐了下来。
She seated a baby on her knees
她让孩子坐在膝上。
sit指就坐的动作。如:
He sat down
她坐了下来。
beat, defeat, win
三者都有“获胜、取胜”的意思,但所接的宾语不同。
beat 它的宾语应是表示人的词。如:
She beat me at tennis.
她打网球赢了我。
defeat 它的宾语也是表示人的词。如:
After a long campaign, the Duke of Willington’s army defeated Napoleon.
经过长长的战役,威灵顿公爵的军队战胜了拿破仑。
win 它的宾语通常是比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品、钱等。如:
He won the race.
他在赛跑中获胜了。
beat, hit , strike
三者都有“打”的意思,但含义不同。
beat指“连续地打击”。如:
His father beat him for being disobedient.
他父亲因他不听话而打他。
hit指“打击一次”,“击中”。如:
He hit me in the stomach.
他打我的肚子。
strike 与hit 同义,强调“打一下”,“击中”。如:
She struck him with her hand.
她用手打了他。
be complete, be completed 二者均有“完成的”,“完整的”,“速成”的意思,但有所不同。
be complete中的complete是形容词。如:
Is this pack of cards complete?
这副牌全吗?
be completed 为被动语态“完成,建成”,“结束”。如:
When will work be completed on the new road
新道路的工和何时完成?
be done, get done
二者均可表示被动语态,但具体含义有所不同。
be done 表示被动语态时,强调动作的执行者是人。如:
The cup was broken by the boy
这个杯子是补这个小男孩打碎的。
get done构成的被动语态,常用于非正式文体,不与by sb连用,但可与by sth连用。如:
The enemy got beaten
敌人挨了揍。
He got caught in the rain
他挨雨浇了。
be known as , be known by ,be known for , be known to
以上几个词组都包含known,意义很相近,但仍有不同。
be known as意为“作为 知名”,“补称作是”后接“身份”名词。如:He was well known as
a good doctor
大家公认他是一位好医生。
类似的词组还有be famous as .。
be known by意为“凭 而知”,by表示手段或标准。如:
One can be known by his words and deeds
凭一个人的言行, 就可知此人。
be known for 意为“因 而出名”,for表示原因。如:
The city is known for its beautiful scenery
这个城市以风景优美而闻名。
China is known for it long history
中国以其悠久的历史而著名。
相似的词组还有be famous for 。
be known to意为“为某人所熟知”, 介词to后的名词或代词表示为“谁”所知。如:
He’s known to the police as a crime.
他是警察所熟知的罪犯。
be late for, come late to , be late in , be late with
以上词组均有“迟于,迟到做某事”的含义,但仍有不同。
be late for是一个常用词语,表示“迟于规定的时间做某事”。如:
We were late for the train
我们来晚了,未赶上火车。
注:当be late for为此意时与come late to相似,但come late to强调来晚的动作。如: