考研英语备战：必备长难句(3)

考研英语语法长难句整理●第一章并列句●并列句的构成●表示顺接的并列连词●...和...●...and...●both...and...●不但...而且......和...●not only...but...as well●not only...but also...●not only...but...●表示转折的并列连词●...但是...●...but...●...yet...●表示选择的并列连词●...或者...二选一●...or...●either...or...●既不...也不...两个都不选●neither...nor...●表示因果的并列连词●...因为...●...for...●...所以/因此...●...so...●并列连词不一定非要连接句子也可以连接词或词组●多件事并列，且中间的多个并列连词相同，通常保留最后一个并列连词，前面相同的替换成逗号，若并列连词不同则不能替换●并列句的省略●并列句独有的特点...相同的成分可以省略，余下的成分保持不变其他句子不能随便省略主语，如果省略，余下的谓语动词要变成非谓语动词●第二章复合句=主句+从句●名词性从句攻略一，找到从句 1.找连接词，就找到了从句的开始，从句通常结束于标点或者下一个连接词前 2.从句被包含在主句中间，只能依靠谓语动词来判断从句的结束，从句从连接词往后数，结束在第二个谓语动词之前攻略二，判断从句确定名词性从句的位置，根据前面的词来判断名词性从句的种类●宾语从句●宾语从句的含义●一个句子作宾语，放在另一个句子（主句）中●宾语从句的写法●1.陈述句变宾语从句●陈述句变宾语从句，前加that（that不作成分，可以省略）分析句子时，考研出现的宾语从句常省略that●2.特殊疑问句变宾语从句●特殊疑问句变宾语从句，要调整语序（疑问语序变回陈述语序，即把疑问句的主语提前到谓语动词之前，其他不变）●3.一般疑问句变宾语从句●一般疑问句变宾语从句，先调整语序（主语提前），再前加“是否”（whether或if）whether和if都能表示是否，但是建议用whether，因为if有时不能使用（例如主语从句中）●4补充●主语为陈述句从句调整陈述语序放入主句，若主语为疑问句，内部包含的宾语从句依然遵循变为陈述语序原则●5.总结●宾语从句=连接词+陈述句●宾语从句的位置●及物动词后（动宾）●动单宾:及物动词+从句●动双宾:及物动词+人+从句●介词后（介宾）●介词+宾语从句●形容词后●形容词+宾语从句形容词+介词+宾语从句，介词无实义被省略了●补充●▪除了作为谓语的及物动词后可接宾语从句之外，非谓语动词后也可以接宾语从句，但是注意一定是及物动词的非谓语后才可以接宾语从句。

考研英语的长难句考研英语的长难句篇1一、逆序法逆序法即倒置法。

有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。

例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三部分①“There was little hope”;②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”;③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。

这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。

译为：这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。

二、顺序法有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出，相比较要容易一些，大家可以按照正常的思维翻译即可。

三、分译法有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，建议考生们可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。

例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。

因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。

四、综合法另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。

即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。

例如：“The phenomenon y in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”;②“in which light physically scatters”;③“when it passes through particles in the earth‘s atmosphere”;④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”其中，第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。

考研英语长难句总结一、定语从句1.The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.2.I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sittingCEOs first.3.In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patentedand not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.4.But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives ofthe founding generation.5.The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domesticsituations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.二、名词性从句1.Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappychildless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.2.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and morediverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.3.What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast thingsare changing.4.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warmingseriously.三、状语从句1.Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Seniorwrites that ―the ve ry things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources ofintense gratification and delight.‖2.But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – forinstance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.3.We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizationsplace their content or e-commerce engines within that environment.四、后置定语1.According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples,single parents are the least happy of all.2.Consumers passionate about a product may create ―earned‖ media by willingly promoting itto friends, and a company may leverage ―owned‖ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.3.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.4.The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in theinstitution of the traditional classical concert.5.Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lumptogether information from different research projects.6.It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suitsone to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.7.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed inschool and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.五、伴随状语1.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products,putting the reputation of the target company at risk.2.But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider theoriginal Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.3.Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S.workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor U.S.economic performance.4.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.5.But particularl y when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardlysuggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.六、形式主语1.But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free,happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience.2.To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is notnecessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music.3.It is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments thatscience can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.4.It’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until w e know for sure.5.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable ofeconomic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.七、形式宾语1.The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.2.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front,to make it easier to remember their names.八、长主语1.The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director hasbeen the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.2.The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministersand political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.3.The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widelymisunderstood by economists and politicians alike.4.The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the onlyMadonna-and-child image on newsstands this week.九、同位语1.Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a jobdatabase on the Internet.2.But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased inheight by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.3.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court ineffect supported the medical principle of ―double effect‖, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects — a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen — is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.4.Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measurecreativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.十、并列结构1.Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective,gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies con cerned.2.Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning thePhilharmonic into ―a markedly different, more vibrant organization.‖3.For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists mustcompete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.4.Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectualdevelopment of these and all other societies.5.This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient,condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance.十一、插入语1.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert iscomparatively little known.2.The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to theproper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised.3.Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing thebravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.4.The Internet –and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercialpublishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality.5.I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life theactivity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.十二、比较1.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like anopportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.2.Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating asmuch on technique as on outcome.3.In fact, the more new things we try — the more we step outside our comfort zone — the moreinherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.4.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.5.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct ourown change by consciously developing new habits.6.Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,‖ these were stores ―anyone couldenter, regardless of class or background.十三、倒装1.According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial Americawas ―s o much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.‖2.Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for otherthings.3.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased ―opportunities‖ forstress.4.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a privateintelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.十四、强调句1.It was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision.2.It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because theyspend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.十五、That1.As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led bymusicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.2.When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they couldin turn afford more education.。

考研英语长难句高频常考句型详解附译文【2015 年 Text4】1. This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shieldthought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.译文：她认为，这种同样的道德目的缺失正在伤及诸如新闻国际这样的公司，使它更可能如同曾经的大规模非法电话窃听一样误入歧途。

2. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived.译文：其中揭露的惊人真相之一是丽贝卡•布鲁克斯对于其新闻编辑室中所发生的事情知晓的有多么少，她曾想到要设法过问的事情又有多么少，甚至于她从来都没有询问过这些新闻报道到底是怎么来的。

【2016 年 Text1】1. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.译文：它责令时尚业必须对其发送给女性，尤其是十几岁的少女的信号负责，这些信号是她们必须用来衡量自身个人价值的社会尺度。

1.What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamentalfairness ” —protecting the taxpayer, controlling spendingand ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. （英语一，14年阅读T1）重点词汇：motivate vt,刺激；使有动机；激发…的积极性zeal n.热情；热心；热诚fundamental adj.基本的，根本的taxpayer n.纳税人claimant n.原告,索赔人，提出要求者句子结构分析：此句子正常顺序为we were to understand what motivated him was .......... understand后跟宾语从句，从句的主语是what motivated him,谓语动词是was，破折号后起解释作用，进一步解释了fundamental fairness 的内容，protecting, controlling和ensuring是并列非谓语动词。

参考译文：我们要明白，激发他的动机是他对“基本公平”的热情-保护纳税人，控制支出并确保只有最有价值的索赔人才能获得利益。

2.Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history ——and sometimes the way they behave today —embodies outdated and indefensibleprivileges and inequalities.（英语一，15 年阅读T1）重点词汇：symbolic adj.象征的；符号的；使用符号的,有象征意义的unity n.团结；一致；联合embody ”.体现，使具体化；具体表达indefensible adj,站不住脚的；不能防卫的；无辩护余地的privilege n.特权，优待，优惠,好处inequality n,不平等；不公平；不平均句子结构分析：止匕句子中，symbolic of national unity as they claim to be 的正常语序是as they claim to be symbolic of national unity 是由as 弓I 导的让步状语从句，整个大句子的主干是their very history 一and sometimes the way they behave today,其中the way they behave 又是一个定语从句，先行词是the way,关系词是被省略掉的that/in which,句子的谓语动词是embodies.参考译文：尽管他们声称是民族团结的象征，但是他们的历史-有时是他们今天的行为方式-体现了过时的、无法辩护的特权和不平等。

考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版1、Never bend your head. Always hold it high. Look the world straight in the eye.–Helen Keller, Lecturer永远不要垂着头，要高昂着头。

直视这世界。

2、I can’t change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.–Jimmy Dean, Singer我无法改变风向，但我可以调整风帆，让我最终到达目的地。

3、Beautiful is the bloom of youth，but it does not last．青春的花朵是美丽的，但它不能持久。

4、No matter whether the world treats you gently or not, please keep smiling!无论世界待你温柔与否，请保持微笑。

5、No matter how you feel ，get up,dress up,show up and never give up.无论你遭遇了什么，请振作起来，精心打扮自己，展露你的才华，永不言弃。

6、It doesn't matter how slow you are, as long as you're determined to get there, you'll get there.不管你有多慢，都没关系，只要你下定决心，你最终会到达想去的地方。

7、Write it on your heart that every day is the best day in the year.请铭记于心：每天都是一年中最好的一天。

8、The art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook.掌握智慧的重点在于学会选择性地忽视。

考研英语长难句100句考研英语是所有考研科目中最难的一门，而长难句也是考研英语中最让人头疼的部分。

长难句不仅难以理解，而且难以记忆，因此考生们需要有一定的技巧来应对这些长难句。

下面列出了100个经典的考研英语长难句，希望对考生们有所帮助：1. The city, which was once a bustling metropolis, now lies in ruins.2. The book, whose author is unknown, has become a bestseller.3. The teacher, who has been teaching for over 20 years, is highly respected by her students.4. The company, which was founded in 1990, has grown intoa multinational corporation.5. The film, which was directed by Steven Spielberg, won several awards at the Cannes Film Festival.6. The team, which had won the championship last year, was defeated in the first round this year.7. The man, who had been missing for several days, was found alive and well.8. The project, which had been delayed for months, finally got underway.9. The painting, which was created by Picasso, is worth millions of dollars.10. The woman, who had just given birth, was exhausted but happy.11. The child, who had been lost in the woods, was found by a search party.12. The car, which had been parked illegally, was towed away by the police.13. The restaurant, which serves delicious food, is always crowded with customers.14. The company, which is known for its innovative products, has filed for bankruptcy.15. The book, which was written by a Nobel laureate, is considered a masterpiece of literature.16. The city, which is located on the coast, is a popular tourist destination.17. The building, which was built in the 19th century, isa historic landmark.18. The man, who had been drinking heavily, was arrested for drunk driving.19. The project, which was funded by the government, is aimed at reducing poverty in rural areas.20. The movie, which was based on a true story, has inspired many people.21. The woman, who had just retired, was looking forward to traveling around the world.22. The team, which had been training hard for months, was confident of winning the championship.23. The company, which had been struggling to survive, was acquired by a larger corporation.24. The city, which had been hit by a severe earthquake, was in a state of emergency.25. The book, which had been banned in several countries, was finally published in China.26. The man, who had been diagnosed with cancer, decided to fight the disease with all his strength.27. The project, which had been approved by the government, was expected to create thousands of jobs.28. The movie, which had been released in over 50 countries, was a box office success.29. The woman, who had been studying abroad for several years, returned to her hometown.30. The team, which had been working on the project for months, finally completed it on time.cleared of all charges.32. The city, which had been plagued by crime, saw a significant reduction in crime rates.33. The book, which had been translated into 20 languages, was a bestseller around the world.34. The man, who had been living in poverty, won the lottery and became a millionaire overnight.35. The project, which had been criticized by environmentalists, was eventually scrapped.36. The movie, which had been directed by a famous Hollywood director, received mixed reviews from critics.37. The woman, who had been abused by her husband, finally found the courage to leave him.38. The team, which had been working overtime for weeks, was rewarded with a bonus.39. The company, which had been struggling to attract customers, launched a new marketing campaign.40. The city, which had been devastated by a hurricane, received aid from other countries.41. The book, which had been adapted into a movie, was a box office success.guilty and sentenced to life in prison.43. The project, which had been delayed due to budget constraints, was finally completed.44. The movie, which had been nominated for several awards, won the Best Picture Oscar.45. The woman, who had been suffering from a rare disease, was cured by a new treatment.46. The team, which had been struggling to win games, finally turned things around and won the championship.47. The company, which had been criticized for its labor practices, improved its working conditions.48. The city, which had been experiencing a population boom, faced challenges in providing services to its residents.49. The book, which had been published anonymously, was later revealed to have been written by a famous author.50. The man, who had been struggling with addiction, finally overcame his demons and got his life back on track.51. The project, which had been opposed by local residents, was eventually abandoned.52. The movie, which had been shot on location in a remote area, faced many logistical challenges.53. The woman, who had been living in poverty, was givena job and a place to live by a charitable organization.54. The team, which had been underestimated by its opponents, surprised everyone by winning the championship.55. The company, which had been accused of polluting the environment, took steps to reduce its carbon footprint.56. The city, which had been in the midst of an economic downturn, saw signs of recovery.57. The book, which had been translated into Chinese, wasa bestseller in China.58. The man, who had been stranded on a deserted island, was rescued by a passing ship.59. The project, which had been praised for its innovative design, won an award.60. The movie, which had been adapted from a popular novel, was criticized for deviating from the original story.61. The woman, who had been a victim of domestic violence, sought help from a support group.62. The team, which had been plagued by injuries, struggled to stay competitive.63. The company, which had been accused of discrimination, implemented diversity and inclusion policies.64. The city, which had been known for its high crime rates, saw a decline in violent crime.65. The book, which had been banned by the government, was smuggled into the country and distributed illegally.66. The man, who had been diagnosed with a terminal illness, decided to make the most of his remaining time.67. The project, which had been funded by a private foundation, had a significant impact on the local community.68. The movie, which had been filmed in black and white, was praised for its artistic vision.69. The woman, who had been a victim of sexual harassment, filed a complaint with her employer.70. The team, which had been struggling to find a sponsor, finally secured one and was able to compete in the tournament.71. The company, which had been embroiled in a scandal, hired a public relations firm to improve its image.72. The city, which had been hit by a severe drought, implemented water conservation measures.73. The book, which had been written by a controversial author, sparked a heated debate.74. The man, who had been working as a journalist, was imprisoned for reporting on government corruption.75. The project, which had been praised for its social impact, received funding from a philanthropic organization.76. The movie, which had been directed by a first-time filmmaker, received critical acclaim.77. The woman, who had been living with a disability, became an advocate for disability rights.78. The team, which had been struggling to win games, madea comeback and reached the playoffs.79. The company, which had been accused of price gouging, lowered its prices in response to public pressure.80. The city, which had been hit by a natural disaster, received aid from the international community.81. The book, which had been published in multiple volumes, became a literary sensation.82. The man, who had been a victim of police brutality, filed a lawsuit against the police department.83. The project, which had been funded by a government grant, had a significant impact on the local economy.84. The movie, which had been produced by a major studio, was criticized for its lack of originality.85. The woman, who had been a victim of human trafficking, was rescued by law enforcement.86. The team, which had been considered an underdog, surprised everyone by winning the championship.87. The company, which had been struggling to stay afloat, filed for bankruptcy.88. The city, which had been experiencing a housing crisis, implemented policies to increase affordable housing.89. The book, which had been adapted into a TV series, wasa ratings success.90. The man, who had been wrongly convicted of a crime, was exonerated after new evidence came to light.91. The project, which had been criticized for its high cost, was eventually completed within budget.92. The movie, which had been directed by a foreign filmmaker, was praised for its cultural significance.93. The woman, who had been a victim of cyberbullying, sought help from a mental health professional.94. The team, which had been struggling to attract fans, launched a marketing campaign to increase its visibility.95. The company, which had been accused of insider trading, faced legal action from the Securities and Exchange Commission.96. The city, which had been experiencing a spike in crime, increased police presence in high-crime areas.97. The book, which had been written by a reclusive author, became a cult classic.98. The man, who had been a victim of a hit-and-run accident, was left with permanent injuries.99. The project, which had been praised for its sustainable design, received a LEED certification.100. The movie, which had been released in 3D, was a technological breakthrough in filmmaking.这些长难句不仅涵盖了不同的主题和语境，而且涉及不同的语法结构，例如定语从句、状语从句、主语从句等等。

1.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback:The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.(2017年英语二Text2)分句1：分句2：主句：【难点分析】本句是由冒号连接的两个并列分句构成的复合句。

分句1描述实验过程：to do A before doing B“先做A再做B”表明两个实验步骤。

分句2描述结果，becoming increasing distressed说明了孩子越来越苦恼的心理变化。

【参考译文】在实验中，母亲被要求先以正常方式与孩子交流，之后摆出一副面无表情的神情并且不给孩子任何视觉上的社交反馈；孩子在试图吸引母亲注意力的过程中变得越来越苦恼。

2.But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.(2017年英语二Text 4)【难点分析】本句为复合句。

本句主干为she says,引语部分做says的宾语。

形容词结构crucial to developing…做后置定语修饰an attitude，其中又嵌套that引导的定语从句修饰the laws, policies,and practices。

【参考译文】但是，承认火灾在人类生活中的必然存在这一态度，对于制定确保火灾尽可能安全的法律、政策以及惯例至关重要，她如是说道。

考研英语必考长难句详解含译文1. Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.public figure：command：aspire to：2. John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, seesthe triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsiblefor the decline of formal English.liberal：conservative：triumph:responsible for：decline：往下翻，对对答案~~~1. Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.public figure：公众人物command：v. 掌握，控制aspire to：渴望译文：无论在演讲还是在写作上，美国人都不再期望公众人物在英语语言的使用上展现出技能和天赋；而公众人物自身也不渴求有这种语言驾驭能力。

2. John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, seesthe triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsiblefor the decline of formal English.liberal：adj. 自由的conservative：adj. 保守的triumph: n. 胜利responsible for：是…的原因decline：n. 衰退译文：John McWhorter不仅是语言学家，还是一位混杂着自由派和保守派观点的善辩者，他认为，20世纪60年代反文化运动的胜利是导致正式英语衰落的主要原因。