中式英语之鉴第十二部分

中式英语之鉴读书笔记（下）本篇博客将继续上篇的内容，总结《中式英语之鉴》⼀书的剩余部分。

Part Two：句⼦结构上⼀部分是希望让⼀个英语句⼦变得简洁，本部分则是希望让句⼦变得清晰且有逻辑。

上⼀部分是雪中送炭，这⼀部分希望做到锦上添花。

因此，这⼀部分的错误将会⽐Part One 中的错误更难识别。

名词“瘟疫”臃肿晦涩的名词会如同「瘟疫」⼀般，影响、⼲扰、蔓延⾄整个句⼦的其他部分，从⽽使整个句⼦由于若⼲个使⽤不慎的名词变得沉闷。

⽽中式英语的⼀⼤特征就是，名词的使⽤⼗分臃肿⽽晦涩。

Part One中介绍过了冗余名词、⽆义名词与种类名词等，这些名词有时甚⾄会额外引⼊⼀些⽆意义的词，本章将主要介绍那些会对健康句⼦带来的「瘟疫」的抽象名词。

请谨慎使⽤抽象名词「具体」的名词要⽐「抽象」名词更清晰、更有⼒。

滥⽤抽象名词的句⼦The prolongation of the existence of this temple is due to the solidity of its construction.This temple has endured because it was solidly built原句中各个抽象名词的堆叠让整个句⼦都看起来⾮常别扭image packaging and impression managementdress to create a favorable impression解决⽅案可以将原有的抽象名词动词化，即直接写出来要做的事情即可，不必造作式地转换成名词叙述，例如：there can be no achievements in our workwe can achieve nothing将抽象名词换为动名词或者还可以将抽象名词换为动名词，这样可以将原有⽣硬晦涩的句⼦变得更有⽣机，⽽且使原来搭配的指向性更强。

economic revitalization will be an xxxrevitalizing the economy will be anbegan its issuance of xxissuing xxon agricultural reinforcementstrengthening agricultural还有⼀种⽅法是将抽象名词替换为对应的形容词或者副词，如下所⽰：for the unsoundness in organizationpoor organizationcorrectness of the policythe policy is correctAgainst blindness in actionagainst acting blindly添加宾语：有时可将抽象名词转化为其对应动词+（隐含的宾语），即将词的意思展开，使语义更加清晰明确。

2002年9月第23卷　第5期外语教学Fo reign L anguage Educatio nSep.2002V o l.23No.5中式英语,你在使用吗?——《中式英语之鉴》评介刘银燕(福建师范大学外国语学院福建福州350007)中图分类号:H31 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-5544(2002)05-0094-03 《中式英语之鉴》(T he T r anslator's Guid e to Ching lish)是国内为数不多的由外国人编写的系统论述“中式英语”的书籍。

该书由外语教学与研究出版社(北京)于2000年5月出版。

作者琼・平卡姆(Jo an Pinkham)女士是美国人,也是一名职业翻译(法译英)。

在80年代到90年代期间,她先后在外文出版社和中央编译局(马恩列斯著作编译局)工作过8年,专门给中国翻译工作者的英译稿作修改和润色。

而这些译稿难免会受到中文和中式思维的影响,因此,平卡姆女士在这8年中得以接触了大量的“具有汉语特色的英语”。

她还把它们科学地加以分门别类,对症下药,编纂成册奉献给中国读者。

《中式英语之鉴》一书由三大部分组成,将中国人运用英语时易犯的错误暴露出了很多。

第一部分题为“多余的词”,从微观方面剖析了“中式英语”。

第二部分题为“句子结构”,是对“中式英语”的宏观研究。

第三部分题为“补充实例”。

在前两部分,作者针对“中式英语”的各种类型选取了一些有代表性的实例加以分析。

但是在现实生活中“中式英语”的句子所犯的错误并不会仅仅限于某一具体类型(如名词多余,结构不平行等),所以从一个综合的角度,作者又选取了更多的正误句例呈现给读者。

从一定意义上来说,这第三部分更为“现实”。

下面本文将着重介绍《中式英语之鉴》这本书的主体工程——第一部分和第二部分。

1.第一部分:多余的词试看下面的短语和句子:to accelera te the pace o f eco nomic r efor mT he nat ional eco nomic str eng th ex per ienced the most r apid incr ease during this per iod.它们在某些英语学习者或翻译工作者看来无可厚非,甚至曾经见诸于我们的英语报刊。

中式英语之鉴100句01. 有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。

[误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”（comet）的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。

在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：（person or thing that is thought to bring）bad luck（to sb/sth）；curse。

英语的comet 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即jinx。

例：There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。

02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。

[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.[正] Tastes differ.注：Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成No dish suits all tastes 或Y ou can never make everyone happy 等。

《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是：One man's meat is another man's poison，表达的很生动。

总之，应采取意译。

03.他一向嘴硬，从不认错。

[误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.[正] He never says uncle.注：say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainlyused by boys, as when fighting。

误用平行结构弗雷特[p.212] 谈到“最致命的的问题就是想用匹配的结构却没用好”。

但同样致命的是对那些本来不匹配的成分使用匹配的结构。

以上两种情况都会给人一种毫无头绪的印象。

当把平行结构强加在那些逻辑上本不平行的成分中，其结果总会让人吃惊（例如，“Just like the Crowne Plaza, all rooms...”）。

有时，这种用法会故意产生幽默感。

乔森[p.9] 引用了这两个错误的平行结构“He took his hat and his leave”和“He bolted his door and his dinner”。

乔森暗示人们都是出于搞笑的意图才会写：“He keeps fit, sleep, and his word .”但是逻辑上不一致的问题常常是不经意产生的。

拉姆齐福勒和简·艾伦[p.354] 引用了一个误用的结构：The painting has subdued tone, great feeling, and a length of about three feet. 作者在这个毫无相似性的结构中无意间暗示了一种相似性。

克莱尔·库克[p.67] 给出以下这个引人深思的平行结构：The police found no alcohol in his bloodstream but a loaded gun in his car. 这一结构几乎没什么意义。

杰克斯·巴润和亨利·格拉芙，像弗雷特一样，坚持认为平行结构一旦开始使用就应贯穿始终，然而他们强调，这种结构如果一开始就不符合逻辑就不应使用。

杰克斯·巴润和亨利·格拉芙说：“平行结构是如此重要的一种写作工具以至于平行结构的使用必须是纯粹的，所以不要将平行形式用在迥然不同的观点中。

”如果你能记住以上这点建议，你就会避免拿破仑战争中那位法国退伍军人在叙述自己三次受伤经历时所犯的错误：Once in an ambush, once in the leg, and once in the Netherlands.对二十个例子的修改1）A：Economically, we are struggling for the democracy of distribution of food grain, reduction production.B：Economically, we are struggling to ensure the democratic distribution of grain,reduce rents and interest rates, increase wages, eliminate unemployment anddevelop production.句意为：从经济上说，我们正努力保证粮食的民主分配，减少租金和利率，增加工资，消除失业，发展生产。

中式英语之鉴1-45.txt36母爱是一缕阳光，让你的心灵即便在寒冷的冬天也能感受到温暖如春；母爱是一泓清泉，让你的情感即使蒙上岁月的风尘仍然清澈澄净。

01.有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办不成.[误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.注:"扫帚星"是中国人对"慧星"(comet)的俗称,因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名.在中国古代,"扫帚星"被认为是灾难的预兆,并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck (to sb/sth);curse.英语的 comet 虽然没有这层含义,但却有一个对应的说法,即 jinx. 例:There's a jinx on/ Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. "这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西,总给我找麻烦".02.萝卜青菜,各有所爱.[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.[正] Tastes differ. 注:Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语,除此以外,原句还可翻译成:No dish suits all tastes. / You can never make everyone happy. / 等.《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是no man's meat is another man's poison.03.他一向嘴硬,从不认错.[误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.[正] He never says uncle.注:say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting.主要是男孩们打架时的用语,当一方想制服另一方时,就用命令的口气说:"Say uncle!"这时,有的孩子为了表示不服输,就是不说.后来,say uncle 就成了"服输"的代名词,而 not say uncle 就相当于"嘴硬"了04.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘.[误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.[正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.注:中国人喜欢说"嘴甜",但 honey-lipped 更符合英美人的语言习惯.05.同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁.[误] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.[正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots. 注:以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要葡匐到在,亲吻他们的靴子.后来,人们将 lick the boots 引申为"为了某种目的而讨好某人",它与汉语的"拍马屁"含义一样.在美国英语中,"拍马屁"还有另一种说法,即 polish the apple,它典出以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师.06.你听说了吗迈克把他的女朋友给甩了.[误] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.[正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend. 注:break up with sb. 虽然表示"与某人分手了",但并没说明是谁先提出来的.而 dump 的原意指"倾倒垃圾",用在这里则表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉.07.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国.[误] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country. [正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country. 注:形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用,但使用的先后次序却有所不同.在英语中我们一般遵循"靠近原则",即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的名词,当从这一点看不出区别时,就靠词的长短来决定,短的在前,长的在后.原文中最能说明"国家"本质的定语是"社会主义的",所以 socialist 要最靠近它所修饰的中心词.08.我想要一点白酒.[误] I'd like a little bit of white wine.[正] I'd like a little bit of liquor. 注:汉语的"酒"可指任何酒,包括白酒,葡萄酒,啤酒,甚至米酒;但英语中则要分别用 liquor,wine,beer及 rice wine表示. 所以要注意,英语的wine与汉语的"酒"是有区别的,它仅指点葡萄酒.而且 red wine 是红葡萄酒,white wine 是白葡萄酒.09.中华人民共和国主席[误] Chairman of the People's Republic of China[正] President of the People's Republic of China 注:以前,我们一直将"主席"翻译为chairman,例如:great leader Chairman Mao(伟大领袖毛主席).其实"主席"与 chairman 并不等义,chairman 在英语中通常指会议或某一具体组织的负责人,它的权力和重要性不及中文的"主席".这就是为什么1983年,在我国《宪法》的英译单行本中开始使用 President一词,并沿用至今.另外,国内仍有不少词典把"班/级长 (学校的)"译为"class monitor",这是"四人帮"时代的产物,那时的"班长"是专司监管学生的,所以译作"monitor".而"班长"的正确译文应该是"class president".10.转战南北[误] fight south and north[正] fight north and south注:在地理方位的表达习惯上,中英文有一定的区别.中国人习惯于先"东西"后"南北",而且在涉及"南北"时,习惯于先说"南",再说"北",如:"南征北战","南来北往"等.而英美人与此正好相反,如"江苏在中国的东南部"英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而"新疆在中国的西北部"应译为 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China.11.人都是这山望着那山高,对自己的现状没有满意的时候.[误] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he's standing on. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.[正] Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got.注:"这山望着那山高"是指人不满足于现状的心理,它在英语中已经有了现成的说法,即 the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更绿),因此我们借用即可,这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通.12.北京申奥成功的消息令我们热血沸腾.[误] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes our blood boil.[正] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes us excited.注:make one's blood boil 是指"激怒某人",而非"使人激动".英语中"使人激动"的说法除了make one excited,还有较为口语化的 make one's spine tingle.13.别听他们胡说八道,根本就没那回事.[误] Don't listen to their babbling. Nothing of the sort.[正] Don't be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort. 注:原文中的"听"不能用 listen to 来表示,因为 listen to 指"听"的动作,而原文中的"别听"不是不让他"听",而是劝告他"不要听信",因此,用 not be fooled by 才更达意.14.我们这儿的人都觉得他有婚外恋.[误] Pepple around here all feel that he has affairs outside his own marriage. [正] Pepple around here all feel that he is leading a double life.注:affair 本身就指"私通"或"暧昧关系",当然是"婚外"的事,所以 outside one's own marriage 无疑是多此一举了.英语中"有婚外恋"的地道说法应该是 lead a double life.15.别看别人不把她当回事,在家里她可是父亲的掌上明珠.[误] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the pearl on her father's hand at home.[正] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the apple of her father's eye at home. 注:中英文常用不同的喻体表明相同的喻义,"掌上明珠"与 the apple of one's eye 就是一个很好的例子.这种情况我们一般应尊重各国文化和习俗,翻译时取目的语的固定说法,而不必直译,这有助于将意思更有效地传达给读者.the apple of one's eye 源自圣经《旧约》,当时人们用 apple 指人的瞳孔.尽管瞳孔现在已经用 pupil 来表示,不再是apple 了,但这一用法却延续了下来.16.都十点钟了.起床了,懒虫![误] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy worm![正] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy bones!注:"懒虫"并非真是一条虫,只不过被用来形容人很懒惰罢了.英语里与之对应的说法是lazy bones(懒骨头).注意,这里的 bone 应以复数形式出现,也许是因为不会只有一根骨头懒吧!17.我唯一的资本就是勤奋.[误] My only capital is diligence.[正] My only means to success is diligence.注:原文的"资本"是借喻,实际指"可以依靠并取得成功的手段".而英语的 capital 指 money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business,并没有中文那样的引申意思.所以,这里的"资本"不能与 capital 画等号.也有人用 advantage 来翻译"资本",虽然不尽意,但至少可以让读者理解.18.这家商店开辟了休息处,受到顾客的称赞.[误] This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers'appreciation.[正] This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers' appreciation. 注:英语的 resting-place 虽然有"休息处"的意思,但更经常的是用来指"坟墓",即"最后安息之处".因此,把公共场所的"休息处"译为 resting-place 不很合适.也有人将它译为rest-room,但那更不妥当,因为英语中的 rest-room 是"厕所"的委婉说法,而"休息处"不是这个意思.19.大家都怀疑汤姆是个间谍.[误] Everyone doubts that Tom is a spy.[正] Everyone suspects that Tom is a spy.注:doubt 作"怀疑"讲,是"不相信"的意思;而 suspect 作"怀疑"讲,是指"对...有所察觉".第一句译文犯了两个错误:首先,doubt 不能接 that 从句,只有not doubt that 和 doubt if/whether;其次,它所表达的意思是"大家对汤姆是间谍这件事表示怀疑",即"大家不相信汤姆是间谍",与原文的意思恰好相反.20. 我们俩关系最好,他经常来我这儿蹲饭吃.[误] We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.[正] We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me.注:第一句只表明"他常到我这儿来白吃白喝",但朋友这间那种亲密关系没有体现出来.而bum sth. off sb. 指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小东西,而朋友也不会介意还不还.21. 这个教授教得很烂.[误] The professor teaches badly.[正] The professor is so terrible.注:有人认为第二句的意思是"这个教授很可怕",其实不然.英语中 terible 意思很灵活,例如:feel terrible 指身体"不舒服"; The food is terrible 则是说食物"难吃极了".而第一句纯属中文式的表达.22. 我希望你不要拖我的后腿.[误] I hope that you won't pull my leg.[正] I hope that you won't hold me back.注pull one's leg 是"愚弄某人,开某人的玩笑"的意思,相当于 make fun of sb..英语中与"拖后腿"相对应的表达是 hold sb. back 或 be a drag on sb. 等.23. 学校里,那些长得人高马大的家伙常来找我的麻烦.[误] At school, those big and strong guys always come to find my trouble.[正] At school, those big and strong guys always come to pick on me.注:find my trouble 是"发现我的难处"的意思,而英语中"找某人的麻烦"用短语 pick on sb. 它不仅表示"挑剔某人,找某人的碴",而且还包含 tease(取笑,戏弄)或 bully(威胁,欺侮)的意思.24. 原来如此.一经你解释我就明白了.[误] So it is. I understand soon after your explanation.[正] So that's how it is. I understand soon after your explanation.注:So it is 的意思是"的确如此",它是用来表示对对方观点的赞同的.例如: A: It is a fine day today! B: So it is. 而在表达恍然大悟时,英文要用 So that's how it is 或 So that explains it, 或更简单地道的说法 Oh, I see.25. 先生,您是不是迷路了[误] Hello, monsieur, get lost[正] Hello, monsieur, got lost注:这两句译文表面上看只是时态上存在差异,其实它们的含义也截然不同.get lost 是俚语:"走开,别捣乱"的意思,got lost才是"迷路".难怪当你友好地问外宾 "Get lost "时,他并不领情呢! Please see:26. 我没料到这个无耻的女人居然同她好友的丈夫调情.[误] I had not expected that this shameful woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.[正] I had not expected that this shameless woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.注:shameful 通常指某事物是"可耻的,丢脸的",而 shameless 表示 having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent,它一般用来指人"不知羞耻的,不要脸的"或"伤风败俗的".原文也可译为:It's shameful that the woman should flirt with her best friend's husband.27. 东施效颦.[误] Doingshi imitates Xishi.[正] The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse.注:把原文按照字面意思直译过来,恐怕只有中国人能够理解.要想让外国人明白这个中国成语,就要对译文进行解释性加工了.同样,"情人眼里出西施"不是 Xishi is in the eye of the beholder,而是 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.28. 你不好好学习,还想去牛津上大学.这可真是个不切实际的幻想哟![误] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impractical illusion! [正] You don't study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an illusion!注:汉语中的修饰语往往用的很多,目的在于加强语气,但这种表达习惯在翻译时必须进行处理.illusion 本身就有 impractical 的含义,而英语中在表意已经很明确的情况下是无需重复的.29. 想让他答应这样的要求恐怕不大可能.[误] I'm afraid it is impossible for him to agree to such a request.[正] I'm afreaid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request.注:impossible 表示"完全不可能",所以与原文有出入.在英语中,probable 表示的可能性最大,其次是 possible,再次是 likely.而常用的句式为 it is probable/possible/likely for sb. to do sth.,或 sb. be likely to do sth..30. 一群蚂蚁[误] a group of ants[正] a colony of ants注:表示群体时,group 通常指人或物,而 colony 才指生物群体.31. 最近的人口统计显示中国人口已超过12亿.[误] The latest census shows that China's population has surpassed 1.2 billion. [正] The latest census shows that China's population exceeds 1.2 billion. 注:surpass 和exceed 译成中文虽然都是"超过,胜过"的意思,但出现具体数字时要用后者.32. 我每天都要在网吧里呆上10个小时,是个不折不扣的网虫.[误] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug. [正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter. 注:"网虫"要是直译成 net bug,很容易使人联想到计算机病毒,如:the millennium bug("千年虫"病毒).所以,英语中与之相应的说法是 netter/nettle.在《剑桥国际英语词典》里,对 netter/nettle 的解释是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this head 和"网虫"的意思差不多,它表示"网痴,网迷"; 而 netizen 则可以用来指所有的网民,尤其是互联网的用户,它是由 net(网络)和 citizen(公民)组合而成的.还有一个时髦的词是 netsurfer,即"网上冲浪者".33. 每次考试来临的时候,约翰就变成了一只夜猫子,但这并不是一个好的学习方法. [误] John becomes a night cat every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.[正] John becomes a night owl every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn. 注:owl 是"猫头鹰"的意思,即一种深夜不睡,睁一只眼,闭一只眼,准备随时捕捉田鼠的动物.英语中用 night owl 来比喻经常熬夜的人,就像我们习惯用"夜猫子"一样.不论叫你"夜猫子"还是 a night owl,"开夜车"(burn the midnight oil)总是免不了的.34. 现如今,由于出国深造的人越来越多,"海龟(归)派"也不像原来那样吃香了.[误] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the overseas students are not so popular as before.[正] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the returnees are not so popular as before.注:"海龟(归)派"是指那些在国外留学以后又回来的人,是个非常形象的新名词.但 overseas student 是指正在国外学习的"留学生",意思正好相反,所以要换成 returnee.这个词本身就包含在海外学习过的意思.35. 在皎洁的月光下,那个花花公子在我耳边悄悄说着情话.[误] The playboy whispered love words to my ear with a bright moon in the sky. [正] The playboy whispered sweet nothings to my ear with a bright moon in the sky. 注: 因为"情书"是 love letter,"情歌"是 love song,所以不少人以为"情话"就应该是 lovewords,其实并非如此.英语中"情话"常用lovers'prattle 或sweet nothings 来表达.prattle 有"孩子话,废话"的意思,所以 lovers' prattle 指"恋人之间孩子气的废话";sweet nothings 更是一目了然,有"甜蜜而不中用"的意思.36. 比尔.盖茨平均每天工作15个小时,他简直就是一个工作狂.[误] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is crazy about his work. [正] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is a workaholic.注: crazy 虽然可以作"疯狂的,狂热的"讲,但 be crazy about/on sth. 的意思却是"热衷于...,对...着迷";be crazy for 也不行,因为它表示"渴望(某物);迷恋(某人)".可见,它们都与"工作狂"有一定区别.而 workaholic 是从 alcoholic (嗜酒成癖者)派生出来的,表示像酗酒者离不开酒精一样地离不开工作.现在人们将 -holic 作为一个后缀,表示"对...上瘾, 嗜好...成癖",并构成了许多新词.例如:movie-holic(嗜好电影成癖的人),telehokic(看电视成癖的人)等.37. 给这们女士来杯威士忌,记在我的账上.[误] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my bill.[正] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my tab.注: 我们可以说 Could we have the bill, please (请给我们账单好吗 )或 pay the bill(埋单),但"记在某某的账上"却不用 bill,而要用 put...on one's tab 表示.tab 是"小纸片"的意思,因为过去小店的生意都是靠住在附近的老主顾,赊账时有发生,于是老板们通常把每个人的赊账情况记在各自的小纸片上,也就是 put...on one's tab,以防遗忘.渐渐地,该词组就成了一种习惯用法.38. 哈罗得挥金如土,没有一点积蓄.[误] Harold spends money like dirt, and has no savings.[正] Harold spends money like water, and has no savings.注: 英国是一个岛国,离不开水;而我们中国的许多地区深处内陆,人们的生活离不开土地.所以,英语中有许多习语与"水"有关,而汉语却常常拿"土"作比.这就是为什么同样是比喻花钱浪费,大手大脚,英语是 spend money like water,而汉语却是"挥金如土".此外,英语中还有很多有关船和水的习语,例如:rest on one's oars(暂时歇一歇),keep one's head above water(奋力图存),be all at sea(不知所措)等等.39. 这只表的价钱很贵.[误] The price of the watch is dear.[正] The watch is dear. /The price of the watch is high.注: 以物品为主语时用 dear 或 cheap,以定价为主语时就说 high 或 low.40. 昨天晚上我们玩得很愉快.[误] We played very pleasantly last night.[正] We enjoyed ourselves very much last night./ We had a good time last night. 注: 玩牌,打球,演戏之类就用 play,汉语这儿说的玩是指度过一个愉快的时候,最好译成enjoy oneself 或 have a good time.41. 她和男朋友吵了一架,冒着大雨跑了出去.[误] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the big rain.[正] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the heavy rain. 注: 汉语中的"大"可以修饰很多名词,如"大风","大浪","湿气大"等,但在英语里却不能一一对应.例如,"大雨"就不能译成 big rain,因为那会被人误以为是雨点大,而不是雨大.英美人形容雨大习惯用"重"(heavy),heary rain(大雨),heavy clouds(云雾大),heavy moisture(潮气大)等,这也许是因为他们认为有些事物用重量来衡量比用体积更好吧.42. 歌迷们冲进演员休息室,抢着同凯莉.米纳合影.[误] The fans rushed into the rest room trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue. [正] The fans rushed into the greenroom trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue. 注: 伦敦西区的特鲁街剧院是英国最古老的剧院,据说为了让演员们长时间处于舞台强烈灯光照射下的眼睛得到休息,那里的演员休息室被漆成了绿色.后来,greenroom 就逐渐成了"(剧场)演员休息室"的代名词.而 rest room 可不是这个意义上的"休息室",它其实是"厕所"的一种委婉说法.43. 我感到很痛.[误] I am painful.[正] I feel great pain.注:"我感到高兴"是 I am happy,"我感到累了"是 I'm tired,但"我感到很痛"却不是 I am painful.因为 painful 表示"使人痛苦的,让人疼痛或讨厌的",它的主语往往不是人,而是事物或人体的某个部位,如:The foot is painful(脚痛),The lessons are painful(教训是惨痛的)等.所以没有 I am painful 这个说法,如果你非要这样说,别人会以为你全身带电或浑身长刺,别人碰了你就会疼,是你让别人痛苦,而不是你自己痛苦.44. 亚洲四小龙.[误] the Four Little Dragons of Asia[正] the Four Little Tigers of Asia注: 在我国古代传说中,龙是降雨和惩治妖魔鬼怪的神奇动物,是吉祥和力挽狂澜的象征.很多汉语成语与"龙"有关,如"龙飞凤舞","龙凤呈祥","藏龙卧虎"等,而且多为褒义词.但如果把"四小龙"直译成英文却不行,因为西方人对"龙"的联想和看法与中国人完全不同."龙"(dragon)在西方是贬义词,是邪恶的免征,西方人不会理解为什么要把亚洲经济的四个强国说成"四个小魔鬼",所以要用 tiger 进行替换.在西方人眼里,tiger "是朝气蓬勃,坚忍不拔,努力奋斗,充满希望"的免征,所以用 tiger 才能准确表达原文的意思.45. 百里挑一.[误] one in a hundred[正] one in a thousand注: "百里挑一"常被用来形容"很特别,很出众"或"与众不同",one in a thousand 也有相同的含义.但值得注意的是,汉语用"百",而英语则以十倍于百的 thousand 来夸张.同样,汉语的"十分感谢"或"万分感谢",英语则说 a thousand thanks (千分感谢)或 thanks a million times(百万次的感谢).可见,英语比汉语要夸张.这也许反映了两个民族不同的思维方式:中国人崇尚中庸之道,凡事避免走极端,即使夸大其词也不太过火;而英美人追求标新立异和充分考虑表现自我,这在语言中自然也有体现.。

中式英语之鉴The English Learners Guide to Chinglish本文关键字：中式英语之鉴The English Learners Guide to Chinglish如何避免中国式英语如何写地道的英文Sources:1.《中式英语》戴丹妮主编2.《翻译的技巧》钱歌川编著3.《汉英词语翻译漫话》陈忠诚著4.《现代英语用法词典》张道真编5.《汉译英一语多说300例》钱冠连编6.《英语惯用法大词典》王福祯徐达山主编7.《英语常见问题解答大词典》赵振才编著8.《实用英语正误词典》本词典编写组编9. Dictionary of American Slang---Compiled and Edited by Harold Wentworth and Stuart Berg Flexner部分精彩01.有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。

With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”（comet）的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。

在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：（person or thing that is thoughtto bring）bad luck（to sb/sth）；curse。

英语的 comet 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即 jinx。

例：There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。

02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。

Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.Tastes differ.注：Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。

中式英语之鉴第十二部分课件一、教学内容本节课我们将深入探讨中式英语的特点及误区，以《中式英语之鉴》教材第十二部分为主要教学内容。

具体包括教材的第三章“常见句型误区”中的第46节，详细内容涉及了中式英语的时态误用、词汇搭配错误以及句子结构问题。

二、教学目标1. 理解并掌握中式英语常见的误区及其原因；2. 学会正确运用英语时态、词汇搭配和句子结构；3. 提高学生的英语表达能力，避免中式英语的干扰。

三、教学难点与重点教学难点：正确运用英语时态、词汇搭配和句子结构。

教学重点：识别并纠正中式英语的常见误区。

四、教具与学具准备1. 教师准备：PPT课件、教材、黑板、粉笔；2. 学生准备：教材、笔记本、练习本。

五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示一段中式英语的对话，让学生找出其中的错误，引出本节课的主题。

2. 新课内容：讲解教材第三章第46节的内容，分析中式英语的误区，提供正确表达方式。

a. 时态误用：通过例句对比，让学生了解并掌握不同时态的正确使用方法。

b. 词汇搭配错误：分析常见的词汇搭配错误，引导学生学会正确搭配。

c. 句子结构问题：讲解英语的基本句型结构，让学生学会构建正确的句子。

3. 随堂练习：针对每个知识点设计练习题，让学生及时巩固所学内容。

4. 小组讨论：分组讨论生活中遇到的中式英语现象，分享经验和感悟。

六、板书设计1. 中式英语之鉴（第十二部分）2. 内容：a. 时态误用：例句对比、正确用法b. 词汇搭配错误：常见错误、正确搭配c. 句子结构问题：基本句型结构、正确表达七、作业设计1. 作业题目：a. 根据所给句子，改正其中的时态错误；b. 选择正确的词汇搭配填空；c. 仿照例句，用正确的句子结构表达相同的意思。

2. 答案：见附件。

八、课后反思及拓展延伸2. 拓展延伸：鼓励学生在课后收集生活中的中式英语例子，进行分析和改正，提高英语水平。

同时，推荐阅读相关书籍，深入了解中式英语的成因及避免方法。

重点和难点解析：1. 教学难点与重点的识别；2. 教学过程中的实践情景引入、例题讲解和随堂练习；3. 作业设计中的题目和答案的详细性与实用性；4. 课后反思及拓展延伸的深度与广度。

1.speak for my right 升级为：assert my rights 坚持自己的权利2.I pretended to listen carefully to what he said升级为：pretending to listen attentively to what he said我假装认真倾听他说的话3.I was depressed and reluctant to look straightly to my father's eyes升级为：I felt dejected and reluctant to meet my father's gaze directly.我感到沮丧，不愿直视我父亲的眼睛4.I was trapped into a bad conscience升级为：I found myself wrestling with a guilty conscience 我发现自己努力解决内疚5.very升级为：incredibly 非常地6.My father was a little bit surprised at first升级为：My father was initially astonished.起初，我父亲有点惊讶7.his previous words which hoped me to use it to contribute to the household升级为：his previous suggestion that I use it to contribute to the household他之前希望我用它来为家庭做出贡献的话8.worried升级为：concerned担心的9.only relying on my earnings to pay family expenses is stressing升级为：relying solely on my earnings to cover family expenses is stressful仅仅依靠我的收入来支付家庭开支是一种压力10.I was totally absorbed in the worries .升级为：I was completely consumed by my worries.我完全被担忧所吞噬11.giving the left money to him with out hesitation 升级为：giving the remaining money to him without hesitation毫不犹豫地把剩下的钱给了他12.hugged me tightly升级为： embraced me tightly紧紧地拥抱我13.Dad has given so much support to our family升级为：Dad has provided our familywith significant support爸爸对我们家庭给予了很多支持14.I almost likely to feel some butterflies in my stomach. 升级为：I immediately felt a fluttering sensation.我几乎可以感受到紧张15.Family expenses升级为：domestic expenses家庭开支16.I guessed that he must refuse my requests.升级为：I suspected that he would reject my requests.我猜他肯定会拒绝我的请求17.After saying thank you to my dad升级为：After expressing my gratitude to my dad对我爸说谢谢之后18.for a long time 升级为：for a prolonged period of time很长一段时间19.the most valuable thing from this work升级为：the most valuable aspect of this work这项工作最有价值的东西20.he didn't say a word升级为：he remained silent.他一言不发21.As I was lost in the sea of earning the money升级为：As I was caught up in the pursuitof making money 当我陷入赚钱22.It was so obvious under the sun升级为：it stood out distinctly under the sun在阳光下非常明显23.I realized that it's my turn to make efforts for this family 升级为：I came to the realization t hat it is now my turn to contribute my efforts to our family. 我意识到现在轮到我为这个家庭努力了24.I felt millions of satisfaction and fulfillment升级为：I felt an immense sense of satisfaction and fulfillment. 我感到无比的满足和成就25.do the households 升级为：help us with the household chores帮助我们做家务26.as if thinking 升级为：appearing thoughtful好像在思考27.I began to know his world and realized his difficulty. 升级为：I started to understand his situation and empathize with his struggles.我开始了解他的世界，意识到他的困难28.I didn't feel confused any more about why I should hand in my earnings.升级为：I no longer felt confused about why I should submit my earnings.我不再困惑为什么我应该交出我的收入了29.I couldn't help hugging my dad升级为：I couldn't resist giving my dad a hug.我情不自禁地拥抱了我的爸爸30.lit my spirit 升级为：reignited my spirit激发了我的斗志31.I think a job is a big step to growing up 升级为：I think getting a job is a significant milestone in the process of growing up我认为工作是成长的一大步骤32.He hesitated,and I could see the hesitation in his eyes. 升级为：He hesitated, and I could see the uncertainty in his eyes.他犹豫了，我可以从他的眼神中看出他的不确定33.now we will have a new origin to pay family expenses.升级为："Now we will have anew source of income to cover family expenses."现在我们将有一个新的收入来源来支付家庭开支。

中式英语之鉴Part One: Unnecessary WordsAll authorities on the style of English prose agree that good writing is concise. Careful writers say what they mean in as few words as possible.Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts.It follows that any words which perform no useful function in the sentence—that is , which add nothing to the meaning—should be edited out.Almost every text that has been translated into English from Chinese( or that has been written directly in English by a native speaker of Chinese) contains unnecessary words. Draft translations are commonly full of them, and even polished final versions are seldom free of them.Read anything that has been published in English for foreign readers—a magazine article, a news story, an advertisement, a government report—and you are likely to find superfluous words. Read even the shortest of English texts—the label on a food product , a billboard on Chang’an , the company name on the front of a building—and , if you are on the alert to recognize them, chances are that you will find words that could and should have been omitted. Unnecessary words are the hallmark of Chinglish.Unnecessary words can be any part of speech—nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, articles, and so on. In the following chapters we shall consider the most important types,starting with unnecessary nouns and verbs,which often go hand in hand.I .Unnecessary Nouns and VerbsNounsMost unnecessary nouns in Chinglish appear not alone but in short phrases, combined with articles and prepositions. When you eliminate the nouns , you eliminate the articles and prepositions as well.Many of these nouns are easy to recognize. They are plainly redundant because their sense is already included or implied in some other element of the sentence. Here are a few examples (A) with suggested revisions (B)and comments in brackets.加快经济改革步伐A: to accelerate the pace of economic reformB: to accelerate economic reform(To accelerate = to increase the pace of )农业获得大丰收A: There have been good harvests in agriculture.B: There have been good harvests.[“Harvest” implies agriculture: there are no harvests in industry.] 城乡人民生活水平持续上升。

《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。

（八）在以往的推文中，我们为大家介绍了各种各样的冗余现象，以及作者的种种观点和建议，这些都是为了一个目标——写出更加简洁的英文。

从本次推文开始，我们将进入句子结构（sentence structure）部分，和大家一起看一看如何让句子的意思更清晰，更符合逻辑。

抽象名词开始之前，作者先比较了简明英语和中式英语的区别：Plain English is a language based on verbs. It is simple, concise, vigorous and, above all, clear. Chinglish is a language based on nouns—vague, general, abstract nouns. It is complicated, long-winded, ponderous, and obscure.也就是说，中式英语喜欢用模糊、宽泛、抽象的名词，会让句子变得很难懂。

那么什么是抽象名词？为什么要避免？如何避免？作者旁征博引，告诉我们很多名词的意思抽象、泛化、模糊，如果用多了这类名词，写出来的文章就会变成一潭死水，没有活力。

首先，让我们通过一个具体的例子来体会一下，抽象名词如何让句子的语义变得模糊：A: The prolongation of the existence of this temple is due to the solidity of its construction.B: This temple has endured because it was solidly built.修改后的句子差不多只有第一句的一半长。

母语人士表示，第一句给自己的感觉有些矫揉造作。

但殊不知，正因为在大多数人眼中晦涩难懂=高深莫测，有些母语人士也会写出类似风格的句子，尤其是在写法律文书、说明书等正式文本时。

比如下面这个案例：A: In such a case, simple application of a screwdriver should be used to tighten screw. Failure to tighten the screw can eventually lead to disengagement of the handle.B: If this happens, simply tighten the screw with ascrewdriver; otherwise, the handle may come off.这个例子出自一份厨房用具使用说明。

Cornflake Coin1 The find‘Look!’ cried Kerry. She was scrabbling in the long grass. ‘What is it?’ asked Omar.It was lunchtime, and Kerry and Omar were out in the school field. Kerry held up something round and shiny. It gleamed in the sun. ‘It’s a coin!’ she said. ‘It looks really old.’‘Let’s take it to Mr Hart,’ said Omar. ‘Then he’ll put it in for the competition. Y ou never know, you might win.’The local newspaper was running a competition for schools in the area. The child who found the oldest and most exciting treasure would win a trip for two to Space Fun Park. ‘Y ou can find buried treasure anywhere,’ the newspaper had said.‘Let’s have a look at that coin,’ said Omar. Omar spun it in his fingers. ‘Wow!’ he said, ‘it does look old!’ Omar passed it back to Kerry who was jumping about with excitement.‘It’s a real treasure coin,’she grinned. ‘Come on!’she shouted. ‘We’re going to show this to Mr Hart right now.’2 --- The real thing?Mr Hart was sitting at his desk when Kerry and Omar burst into the classroom. ‘What’s going on?’ asked Mr Hart, looking up. ‘I just found this on the field!’ panted Kerry. ‘Will you enter it for the buried treasure competition?’ She dropped the shiny coin on to Mr Hart’s desk. Mr Hart rubbed the coin. Then he looked at the writing on it. Kerry and Omar stared at him.‘If you look at the edge of the coin,’he said, ‘you can see the words Fun Start.’ Kerry and Omar looked at each other. ‘Y ou mean like Fun Start, the cereal?’ asked Kerry.Mr Hart nodded. ‘Yes, Kerry. This coin looks real, but it’s a copy. It’s a free gift from a cereal packet. I’m really sorry.’Kerry felt her heart sink. Mr Hart saw her face. ‘Cheer up, Kerry,’he said. ‘There’s plenty of time to find some real treasure before the competition closes.’Kerry and Omar walked back across the classroom. They were about to go out when they heard someone behind them. It was Matt Thorn. He was always saying mean things. Now he was laughing at Kerry.3 Cereal laughterThe next day all the class knew about Kerry’s cereal packet coin. Matt Thorn had told everyone. ‘Kerry wanted to enter a cornflake coin in the treasure competition!’ Matt smirked. Everyone laughed, but Matt laughed the loudest. ‘That’s enough, Matt,’ said Mr Hart.‘Don’t let Matt bother you,’whispered Omar, but Kerry had gone red in the face. She was angry with Matt and cross with herself. How could she have been so stupid to think that the coin was real treasure?Over the next few days everyone talked non-stop about the treasure competition. Lots of children brought in things they’d found at home or in their gardens. Kara brought in some yellowy old photos, Ben dug up an old glass bottle and Jas brought in an old children’s book with a green cover.Then Matt Thorn showed everyone a white and blue china teacup. He’d taken it out of his gran’s cupboard. Mr Hart looked at the teacup very carefully. ‘This is very old, Matt,’he said. ‘I think it’s got a good chance of winning the competition.’ Matt chuckled proudly.Kerry glared at him. There was no way she was going to let him win. At the end of theday she hurried out of school. ‘What are you doing?’ asked Omar, trying to keep up with her. ‘We have to find something older than Matt’s teacup,’ Kerry said.Back home, Kerry asked her mum to take them to the park. Kerry and Omar looked under benches, in bushes and next to the fence. They found half a pencil and an old football. Then Kerry asked her mum if they could go down by the canal. ‘What are you two up to?’asked Kerry’s mum. ‘Nothing,’ said Kerry.By the canal, they looked under the bridge and along the path. They found a broken doll and six empty sweet packets. Half an hour later, they were both tired and fed up. ‘Let’s go home,’ said Omar. Kerry nodded glumly. ‘Let’s forget about the stupid competition,’ she said.4 Barker digs for goldAt the weekend, Kerry and Omar were in the park having a picnic with Kerry’s mum and dad. Kerry was still in a bad mood. ‘What’s up with you?’asked her mum. Kerry shrugged her shoulders.‘I’m taking Barker for a walk before he digs any more holes,’her dad said. ‘Why don’t you two come with me?’‘Don’t feel like it,’said Kerry. ‘Come on!’said Dad. ‘We can go up the big hill where they’re building that new café.’ Kerry groaned. She stood up and took Barker’s lead.Ten minutes later, they were at the top of the hill. There was a huge, muddy hole in the ground where the caféwas going to be built. Dad went to look at the yellow digger parked under some trees. Barker suddenly started howling and pulling away from Kerry. She dropped his lead. In a second he had raced down into the hole and started digging.‘Maybe he’s found some real treasure!’ Kerry shouted. ‘I bet it’s just an old bone,’ said Omar. ‘H e’s always digging up something.’Barker scrabbled about and dug up some bits of wood. Then he trotted over to Kerry. There was something in his mouth.The look of excitement vanished from Kerry’s face. ‘Just our luck,’ she grumbled, ‘it’s another of those stupid cornflake coins.’‘Let’s keep it, anyway,’ said Omar. ‘Y ou can if you want to,’shrugged Kerry, handing him the coin, ‘but I’ve had enough of cornflake coins.’Just then, Kerry’s dad called them over. It was time to go. Omar slipped the coin into his pocket. Kerry grabbed Barker’s lead and they all went back down the hill.5 And the winner is…On Friday, Mr Hart packed up all of the treasure that the class had found. He put it into a big cardboard box. ‘The competition closes today,’ he said. ‘I’ll drop this off at the newspaper after school. Does anyone have anything else?’ Everyone shook their heads.Then Omar felt a coin in his back pocket. It was the one Barker had found. ‘Kerry’s dog found this,’ he said, passing the coin to Mr Hart.‘I t’s another cornflake coin!’ called Matt Thorn. Everyone laughed. ‘Why did you have to bring that out?’ hissed Kerry crossly.A few days later, the whole school was packed into the hall. A tall woman stood up.‘My name is Clare Fenton,’she said. ‘I’m the editor of the local newspaper. I’m very glad to tell you that someone from this school has won our buried treasure competition.’There was a ripple of excitement in the hall. Everyone looked at Matt Thorn. They’d all heard about his teacup. Matt was grinning from ear to ear. He was getting ready to collect hisprize.‘The winner is…’ said the editor, ‘Kerry Robinson! Kerry has found a real Roman coin.’There were gasps of surprise and then everyone began clapping. Kerry stood up in shock. She grabbed Omar’s elbow. ‘Y ou’re coming with me,’ she said. The only person not clapping was Matt Thorn.‘Well done!’beamed the editor. ‘Y ou will be on the front page of our newspaper this week!’ The editor handed Kerry the tickets for Space Fun Park and smiled, ‘Mr Hart said your dog Barker found the coin.’‘Barker found it,’ replied Kerry, ‘but Omar helped too. He stopped me throwing it away.I thought it was a cornflake coin.’‘Well, it’s a good thing that Barker knew what it was,’ laughed the editor. ‘I think he and Omar should be on the front page, too, don’t you?’On the way back to class, everyone wanted to talk to Kerry and Omar. Matt Thorn walked behind, his face looking like a thundercloud. Mr Hart smiled at Kerry. ‘Barker dug up the real thing, didn’t he?’‘Y es,’Kerry nodded. ‘I t’s a good thing he knows the difference between a treasure coin and a cornflake coin.’ She looked at Omar and they both grinned.。

《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。

（二）上周，我们通过书中的例子和实际项目案例，为大家讲解了什么是名词冗余，如何避免名词冗余，以及一些不能视作名词冗余的现象。

大家有没有在实践中加深理解呢？这周，我们来认识一下名词冗余的好朋友，也是我们的老朋友——动词冗余。

开始之前，不要忘了检查一下自己有没有开启critical thinking模式哦！动词冗余第一类经典搭配：【没有太多含义的“万能动词”】+【传达真正含义的名词】在这类用法中，没有含义、或含义非常弱的“万能动词”只是占了虚位，而传达真正含义的任务被推给了后面的名词。

我们通过具体的例子来体会一下：It is impossible for us to accomplish the transformation of the whole society overnight.accomplish是一个非常有代表性的弱含义词语，对传达信息其实没有任何帮助。

我们来看一看修改后的句子：It is impossible for us to transform the whole society overnight. 是不是更加清爽了呢？另外一个代表性的词是make，以后大家用这个词的时候可要好好考虑一番。

比如make an investigation of无非就是to investigate；把to make a decision改为to decide to反而会更好。

其他会出现同样问题的词还有give/provide/conduct等。

这些比较虚、含义比较普遍的动词，实际上无法表达明确的动作或者意图。

越普遍，意思反而越含糊；越简短，句子反而越有力。

大家可能会问：“那以后是不是不能用这些动词词组了？”并非如此，要看这些词后面接的是什么内容。

to carry out the restoration of the hotel当然可以改为to restore the hotel，意思不会有任何影响。

2024年中式英语之鉴第十二部分课件一、教学内容本次教学内容选自《中式英语之鉴》第十二部分，详细内容涉及第三章“从句型到句式”的第46节，重点探讨如何将中式句型转换成地道的英文句式，提高英语表达的准确性和自然度。

二、教学目标1. 掌握常见的中式句型及其对应的英文句式，提高英语表达的准确性。

2. 能够在实际语境中灵活运用所学句式，增强英语口语和书面语的连贯性。

3. 培养学生的跨文化交际意识，提高其英语实际运用能力。

三、教学难点与重点教学难点：中式句型与英文句式的转换，以及在实际语境中的灵活运用。

教学重点：常见中式句型的识别与改写，地道英文句式的构建。

四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：PPT课件、黑板、粉笔。

2. 学具：笔记本、教材、文具。

五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示一组实际语境中的中式英语例句，让学生找出其中的问题，引出本节课的主题。

2. 新课内容讲解：a. 讲解常见的中式句型及其问题所在。

b. 对比分析中式句型与英文句式的差异，引导学生掌握转换方法。

c. 举例说明如何在实际语境中运用所学句式。

3. 例题讲解：选取具有代表性的例题，详细讲解解题思路和步骤。

4. 随堂练习：布置相关练习题，让学生巩固所学内容。

5. 小组讨论：分组讨论实际语境中的问题，培养学生团队协作和解决问题的能力。

六、板书设计1. 《中式英语之鉴》第十二部分2. 主要内容：a. 常见中式句型及其问题b. 中式句型与英文句式的转换方法c. 实际语境中的句式运用七、作业设计1. 作业题目：2. 答案：a. （答案略）b. （答案略）八、课后反思及拓展延伸1. 反思：本次课程中，学生对中式句型与英文句式的转换掌握程度如何？哪些环节需要加强？2. 拓展延伸：a. 鼓励学生阅读英文原版书籍，提高英语语感。

b. 建议学生关注日常生活中的中式英语现象，进行自我纠正和改进。

c. 组织英语角活动，让学生在真实语境中练习所学句式，提高英语实际运用能力。

《中式英语之鉴》读书笔记因为对于翻译这门手艺充满了憧憬，就买了一堆北外上外考研指定用书回家研究，中式英语之鉴就是其中一本，读完有些思考想跟大家唠唠。

平卡姆老师在这本书中用的英语不是很难，单词平均难度在专四和专八之间，过了专四或者六级的人看应该会比较有收获，在“学习区”内，所以推荐一下这本书。

作者写中式英语之鉴是为了纠正一些中国人运用英语时错误的不地道的表达，那么首先要回答的问题是什么是正宗的英语。

在这本书中所倡导的正宗的英语无疑指的是简明英语，特点是”direct，simple and clear”.下面是简明英语的起源（摘自百度）。

“简明英语是由查尔斯·凯·奥格登发明的只有少量单词的英语，他的书简明英语--规则和语法的一般约定里对此有所描述。

奥格登说过：学习英语要七年，学习世界语要七个月，而学习简明英语只要七周。

简明英语用于公司在国际上使用的书籍，短期内对学生进行基本英语教学。

奥格登不使用重复意义的单词，而且需要所有国家都适用这些单词。

他利用大规模的测试和调整来得到这些词汇。

在语法方面，他也做了简化，但是保留了英语通常的用法。

”在后面的发展中，简明英语在商务英语和法律英语上有了长足发展。

简明英语无疑很适合用在商业上；而法律英语为了保证条款的确定性和权威性，一般冗长复杂，如一个含义要用两个甚至三个同义词来表示，在现在重视效率的社会渐渐向简明方向发展不足为奇。

但是这里我们要清楚一个语言是在不断成长和变化的，中古英语和现代英语自然是有诸多不同，而且每个人的风格也不同。

在我看来简明英语的诸多规则只能算作是一种风格，一种在近代社会被提倡的风格。

而我们在翻译或者写作时应依具体文本的需求和受众的需求适用不同的风格，而不是倡导每种文本都用一个风格。

口语和书面语明显不同，书面语中，用途不同时风格也应做相应的改变。

比如文学和非文学就有很多区别，文学讲究陌生化，要得就是一种朦胧的，”transparent”的感觉，才能让自己的文字更引人遐想有更多解释空间，而非文学为了交流方便，自然不会太晦涩难懂。

《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。

亲爱的小伙伴们：本学期，译品译味将推出一个新的栏目——共读《中式英语之鉴》。

《中式英语之鉴》可谓是中国英语学习者、翻译学习者必看的书籍，经典中的经典，值得一读再读的好书。

可如此好书，你看过了吗？看过之后，真的读透了吗？看到中式英语能辨别出来吗？知道如何利用书中的理论指导实践吗？如果被问住了，就让小编结合翻译实践，带你一起研读《中式英语之鉴》吧！对啦，别忘了带上critical thinking，相信每一次读，你都能有新的理解和感悟。

名词冗余我们在学习英语时，往往认为写的越多越好，句型越复杂越好，用一些华丽辞藻和从句会显得十分高级。

这是我们需要去避免的一个问题，我们忽略了写作中最重要的一个原则，那就是concise简明扼要。

如果能够write concisely and powerfully，那为什么要去绕着弯说呢？第一类如果句子中其他成分里已经包括了一个名词的含义，这个名词就是多余的，如：There have been good harvests in agriculture.其中harvest的意思里面包括了农业，没有必要再用in agriculture这样的限定词。

下面我们来补充一个实际翻译中遇到的句子，大家看一看有没有冗余的问题。

I dined at home and Li-Chen cooked some food/something to eat.（来源：《董浩云日记》）这句话里就存在着我们刚才讲到的问题，cook和food的意思有重复，cook出来的东西肯定是food，那么some food或something to eat的含义已经隐含在cook里面了，这就是一个名词冗余的情况，我们可以大胆删去，直接说：I dined at home and Li-Chen cooked.比较：We also cooked some chips and onion rings to go with our steak.如果我们想表达煮了一些什么具体的东西，那就要说出来了，因为这个意思是没有隐含在cook里面的。

Unnecessary Modifiers中式英语之鉴冗余性修饰语可以分为5类：1. 冗余修饰语2. ⾃明修饰语3. 强调成分4. 限定修饰词（尤指形容词或副词）5. 陈词滥调冗余修饰语许多从中⽂翻译过去的形容词和副词，在英语中是多余的。

定义：其含义已经包含或隐含在句⼦其他成分或被修饰成分中的形容词和副词。

明显的冗余修饰语，如：advance forecast [天⽓预报本身就是提前的]female businesswoman Liu Zhihua [woman包含了female⼥性的意思]new innovations[发明包含了新的含义]mutual cooperation[合作本身就是共同的，双⽅或多⽅的]可省略：被修饰成分⾃带含义，约定俗成的表达，⼥性化/男性化的名字（⽆需强调性别）或者逻辑⾃带。

时间副词还有⼀类经常出现在中式英语中的冗余性修饰语就是表示动作发⽣时间的副词和表达时间的名词短语，如：at present, in the future, in the past，因为它们的含义已经通过动词的时态表达出来了。

A: now the government is working hard to improve taxationB: the government is working hard to improve taxation[现在进⾏时包含“现在“]A: previously we used to overemphasize the need for class struggleB: we used to overemphasize the need for class struggle[过去时包含”之前“]“Various”另⼀个中式英语中典型的冗余修饰语就是形容词“various”。

在中⽂中，“various”经常⽤来表示复数，但在英语⾥，复数已经以名词结尾-s的形式出现了，所以⽆需赘述。

《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。

（十三）上周我们一起学习了垂悬分词和垂悬动名词这两种垂悬结构错误，不知道大家都还记得吗？今天我们来看一下剩下的三种常见错误类型：垂悬不定式、非基于动词形式的介词短语和独立形容词。

垂悬不定式Dangling infinitives 垂悬不定式不定式不根据人称、数量和时态的变化而变化，永远是to do结构，所以通常在句首时，因为逻辑主语和句子主语不一致容易导致垂悬结构错误。

举例例1To reach a more objective conclusion, he said, historical, cultural, and other backgrounds of the ethnic groups should be considered when studying religion in China.前半句话“要得出更客观的结论”的主语应该是做研究的人，读者读完第一句期待后面出现的是某人，但是接着往下读，主语变成了“历史、文化等背景”，这就构成了垂悬结构。

另外，这句话的后半句部分when studying religion犯了我们上周讲过的现在分词的垂悬错误，studying的主语也应该是人。

To reach a more objective conclusion, he said, people studying religion in China should consider the history and culture of the various ethnic groups and other aspects of their background.审校把这两个垂悬结构缺失的主语补充了出来，加上people这句话的逻辑就顺了。

例2In order to serve you better, please fill out a deposit slipbefore approaching the window.这是一张贴在银行的告示，告诉人们去窗口办理业务前，最好先填好表格。

The English Learner`s Guide to Chinglish. 中式英语之鉴——大家千万不要犯了哦~所谓[正]和[误]，是为便于比较而设的形式而已，是想借此形式为学生学习巩固英语常用习惯用法起助记提醒之作用。

所谓[正]、[误]是个相对概念，不是绝对的，有很多表达只是得体与不得体、地道与不地道的问题。

考虑初学者接受能力有限，一个单项不益搞得面面俱到或超出能力范围，他们读到的一条只是相对较为得体的一种表达法而已，随着不断的学习，想必其知识自然会扩展和深入的。

总之，我们学的是英语，所以就要尽量按英语的表达法说话、造句，克服中式英语自然是我们努力的目标。

01.有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。

[误] With a comet like him,nothing can be accomplished.[正] With a jinx like him,nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”（comet）的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。

在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：（person or thing that is thought to bring）bad luck（to sb/sth）；curse。

英语的comet 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即jinx。

例：There's a jinx on/Someone'sput a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。

02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。

[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.[正] Tastes differ.注：Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成No dish suits all tastes 或You can never make everyone happy 等。