下载文档原格式
《经济学原理》习题（附答案）1、下列哪一种弹性是度量沿着需求曲线的移动而不是曲线本身的移动（）。
A、需求的价格弹性B、需求的收入弹性C、需求的预期价格弹性D、需求的交叉弹性答案：A2、总利润达到最大是在( )。
A、TR=TC 处B、TR 曲线和 TC 曲线斜率平行C、TR 曲线和 TC 曲线斜率平行且 TC 超过 TR 处D、TR 曲线和 TC 曲线斜率平行,且 TR 超过 TC 处答案：D3、在下面各种情况下，厂商不能够实现生产要素最优组合的是（）。
A、在某点的要素的边际技术替代率等于要素价格之比B、在扩展线上任何一点扩大生产时C、两种要素的价格之比等于两种要素的边际产量之比D、等成本线与某一条等产量线的相交点答案：D4、生产者预期某物品未来价格要下降，则对该物品当前的供给会（）。
A、增加B、不变C、减少D、上述三种情况都可能答案：A5、在统计中,社会保险税增加对( )项有影响。
A、国民收入NIB、国内生产总值GDPC、个人收入PID、国内生产净值NDP答案：C6、如果厂商在短期内供应量既定，则该商品的价格（）。
A、仅由市场需求曲线决定B、仅由市场供给曲线决定C、由市场需求曲线和供给曲线共同决定D、以上任一条都不能决定答案：A7、按国民收入核算体系,在一个只有家庭、企业和政府构成的三部门经济中,一定有( )。
A、家庭储蓄加折旧等于总投资加政府购买支出B、家庭储蓄加税收等于总投资加政府购买支出C、家庭储蓄等于总投资D、家庭储蓄等于净投资答案：B8、微观经济学是经济学的一个分支，主要研究（）。
A、市场经济B、个体行为C、总体经济活动D、失业和通货膨胀等答案：B9、劳动（L）的总产量下降时（）。
A、MPL为负B、APL是递增的C、APL为零D、MPL为零答案：A10、基数效用与序数效用的主要差别在于两种商品的( )。
A、边际替代率是否不变B、边际替代率是否递增C、效用是否可加D、边际替代率是否递减答案：C11、稀缺资源的含义是指（）。
经济学原理练习题与参考答案1. 经济学的基本问题不包括以下哪一项？A. 生产什么B. 如何生产C. 为谁生产D. 如何分配答案：D2. 下列哪项不属于经济资源？A. 劳动力B. 土地C. 资本D. 知识答案：D3. 下列哪项属于宏观经济学的分析对象？A. 家庭如何选择不同产品的消费需求B. 不同市场结构下，企业如何制定价格C. 通货膨胀与货币量之间的关系D. 税收政策如何影响某种商品的市场均衡答案：C4. 机会成本是指放弃其他选择而选择当前选择的成本，以下哪项不属于机会成本？A. 选择了出国学习，放弃了在国内就业的机会B. 选择了购买一辆新车，放弃了购买一辆二手车的机会C. 选择了参加培训课程，放弃了休息的机会D. 选择了购买股票，放弃了购买债券的机会答案：C5. 下列哪项属于微观经济学的分析对象？A. 通货膨胀与货币量之间的关系B. 家庭如何选择不同产品的消费需求C. 不同市场结构下，企业如何制定价格D. 税收政策如何影响某种商品的市场均衡答案：B二、多项选择题1. 经济学的研究方法主要包括以下哪些？A. 历史分析法B. 比较分析法C. 实证分析法D. 演绎分析法答案：A、B、C、D2. 下列哪些因素会影响商品的需求量？A. 价格B. 收入C. 替代品价格D. 消费者偏好答案：A、B、C、D3. 下列哪些因素会影响商品的供给量？A. 价格B. 投入品价格C. 生产技术D. 生产者预期答案：A、B、C、D4. 下列哪些属于经济政策？A. 货币政策B. 财政政策C. 产业政策D. 消费政策答案：A、B、C5. 下列哪些属于市场经济的基本特征？A. 竞争B. 自由C. 私有D. 法治答案：A、B、C、D三、简答题1. 简述经济学的基本假设。
答案：经济学的基本假设包括：（1）理性人假设：人们在进行经济决策时，会追求自身利益最大化。
（2）完全信息假设：市场参与者拥有完全的信息。
（3）完全竞争假设：市场中存在大量买家和卖家，商品和要素可以自由流动。
曼昆《经济学原理（微观经济学分册）》（第6版）第3章相互依存性与贸易的好处课后习题详解跨考网独家整理最全经济学考研真题，经济学考研课后习题解析资料库，您可以在这里查阅历年经济学考研真题，经济学考研课后习题，经济学考研参考书等内容，更有跨考考研历年辅导的经济学学哥学姐的经济学考研经验，从前辈中获得的经验对初学者来说是宝贵的财富，这或许能帮你少走弯路，躲开一些陷阱。
以下内容为跨考网独家整理，如您还需更多考研资料，可选择经济学一对一在线咨询进行咨询。
一、概念题1．绝对优势（absolute advantage）答：绝对优势指可以用较少量的投入生产物品的一种生产率方面的优势。
绝对优势比较的是生产一种物品所需要的投入量，如果生产者生产一种物品所需要的投入较少，则可以说该生产者在生产该物品上有绝对优势。
绝对优势理论由英国古典经济学家亚当·斯密（Adam Smith）为反对当时的重商主义和保护贸易政策在其1776年的巨著《国富论》中提出，主张以各国生产成本的绝对差异为基础进行国际专业化分工，并通过自由贸易获得利益。
如果一国某种产品的绝对生产成本或价格比其他国家低，就称该国具有这种产品上的绝对优势，因而该国就应完全专业化生产并出口这种产品，同时进口那种它具有绝对劣势的产品。
这种基于绝对优势的国际分工和自由贸易的结果将使贸易各方都可获得贸易利益。
换言之，在斯密看来，贸易应该是一场双赢的“正和博弈”。
这一思想开启了整个国际贸易理论的先河。
2．机会成本（opportunity cost）答：机会成本指将一种资源用于某种特定用途所放弃的使用该项资源在其他用途中所能获得的最大收益。
机会成本的存在需要三个前提条件：①资源是稀缺的；②资源具有多种生产用途；③资源的投向不受限制。
从机会成本的角度来考察生产过程时，厂商需要将生产要素投向收益最大的项目，而避免生产的浪费，达到资源配置的最优。
从经济资源的稀缺性这一前提出发，当一个社会或一个企业用一定的经济资源生产一定数量的一种或者几种产品时，这些经济资源就不能同时被使用在其他的生产用途方面。
《经济学原理》总目录第一篇导论第一章导论第二篇微观经济理论第二章需求、供给与均衡第三章消费者行为理论第四章生产者行为理论第五章产品市场理论第六章生产要素理论第七章微观经济政策第三篇宏观经济理论第八章国民收入的核算与决定理论第九章失业与通货膨胀理论第十章经济周期与经济增长理论第十一章宏观经济政策第十二章开放经济第一章导论一、单项选择1、作为经济学的两个组成部分，微观经济学与宏观经济学是（）A．互相对立的B．没有任何联系的C．相互补充的D．部分联系的2、古典经济学家亚当·斯密所谓的“看不见的手”是指（）A．技术B．信息C．价格D．行政命令3、经济学研究的基本问题是（）A．生产什么B．如何生产C．为谁生产D．以上都是4、资源的稀缺性是指（）。
A．世界上的资源最终会由于人们生产更多的物品而消耗光B．相对于人们无穷的欲望而言，资源总是不足的C．生产某种物品所需资源的绝对数量很少D．由于存在资源浪费而产生的稀缺5、微观经济学解决的问题是（）。
A．资源配置B．资源利用C．市场出清D．完全理性6、宏观经济学的中心理论是（）。
A．失业理论B．通货膨胀理论C．国民收入决定理论D．经济增长理论7、关于实证经济学与规范经济学说法正确的是（）A．两者并不是绝对相互排斥的，而应当是相互补充的。
B．规范经济学是以实证经济学为基础，而实证经济学则是以规范经济学作为指导的。
C．一般来说，越是具体的问题，实证的成分越多，而越是高层次的、决策性的问题，就越具有规范性。
D．以上说法都对二、多项选择1、微观经济学的主要内容包括（）A．体格决定理论B．消费者行为理论C．生产者行为理论D．市场理论和分配理论等2、宏观经济学的基本内容有（）A．宏观经济政策B．经济周期与增长理论C．国民收入决定理论D．失业与通货膨胀理论3、下列关于资源稀缺性的正确的说法有（）A．资源稀缺性是相对于欲望的无限性而言的B．地球上的资源本来就少C．资源稀缺性存在于世界各地D．资源稀缺性存在于人类历史的各个时期三、判断题1、资源的稀缺性决定了资源可以得到充分的利用，不会出现资源浪费的现象。
一、选择题1. 经济学的研究对象是：A. 物质生产过程B. 社会生产关系C. 市场交换关系D. 资源配置和财富分配答案：D解析：经济学是研究如何有效配置资源以生产商品和劳务，并分配这些产品与劳务的学科，因此研究对象是资源配置和财富分配。
2. 下列哪项不是经济学中的基本假设？A. 理性人假设B. 完美信息假设C. 市场竞争假设D. 通货膨胀假设答案：D解析：理性人假设、完美信息假设和市场竞争假设是经济学中的基本假设，而通货膨胀假设不是。
3. 下列哪项不是市场失灵的原因？A. 公共物品的非排他性B. 垄断的存在C. 外部性的存在D. 消费者偏好多样化答案：D解析：消费者偏好多样化是市场有效运行的条件之一，而不是市场失灵的原因。
市场失灵的原因通常包括公共物品的非排他性、垄断的存在和外部性的存在。
4. 下列哪项不是经济周期的四个阶段？A. 复苏B. 高涨C. 调整D. 繁荣答案：C解析：经济周期的四个阶段通常包括复苏、高涨、衰退和萧条，调整不是经济周期的阶段。
5. 下列哪项不是宏观调控的目标？A. 稳定物价B. 就业充分C. 经济增长D. 优化资源配置答案：D解析：宏观调控的目标包括稳定物价、就业充分和经济增长，而优化资源配置是宏观调控的手段之一，不是目标。
二、填空题1. 经济学的基本假设是__________、__________和__________。
答案：理性人假设、完美信息假设、市场竞争假设解析：经济学的基本假设包括理性人假设，即经济主体追求自身利益最大化；完美信息假设，即经济主体拥有充分的信息；市场竞争假设，即市场是充分竞争的。
2. 市场失灵的主要原因是__________、__________和__________。
答案：公共物品的非排他性、垄断的存在、外部性的存在解析：市场失灵的主要原因包括公共物品的非排他性，即一旦生产出来，无法阻止他人免费享用；垄断的存在，即市场只有一个或少数几个卖家，导致价格控制；外部性的存在，即生产或消费活动对他人产生了成本或收益，而市场没有反映这些成本或收益。
第三章相互依存性与贸易的好处2玛利亚1小时可以读20页经济学书，她还可以1小时读50页社会学著作，她每天学习5小时。
A．画出玛利亚读经济学和社会学著作的生产可能性边界。
下图玛利亚读书的生产可能性边界B．玛利亚阅读100页社会学著作的机会成本是什么?答：玛利亚读100页社会学著作需要2小时，读20页经济学著作需要1小时，所以她在2小时内可读40页经济学著作。
她读100页社会学著作的机会成本是读40页经济学著作。
3．美国和日本工人每人每年可以生产4辆汽车。
一个美国工人一年可以生产10吨粮食。
而一个日本工人一年可以生产5吨粮食。
为了使事情简单，假设每个国家有1亿工人。
A．根据这种情况，作出类似于教材表3—1的表。
表3—1 美国工人和日本工人的机会成本1个工人生产1辆（吨）物品的时间（年）1亿工人1年的产量（亿吨/亿辆）粮食汽车粮食汽车美国1/10 1/4 10 4日本1/5 1/4 5 4B．画出美国和日本经济的生产可能性边界。
（b）日本的生产查可能性边界图3—2 生产可能性边界答：对美国来说，1辆汽车的机会成本是2.5吨粮食；1吨粮食的机会成本是0.4辆汽车。
对日本来说，1辆汽车的机会成本是1.25吨粮食；1吨粮食的机会成本是0.8辆汽车。
表3—2 汽车和粮食的机会成本1辆（吨）的机会成本汽车（根据放弃的粮食）（吨）粮食（根据放弃的汽车）（辆）美国 2.5 0.4日本 1.25 0.8答：美国在生产粮食中占有绝对优势。
美国和日本生产汽车的绝对能力是相同的。
E．哪个国家在生产汽车中有比较优势?生产粮食呢?答：美国在生产粮食上有比较优势，日本在生产汽车上有比较优势。
F．没有贸易时，每个国家有一半工人生产汽车，一半工人生产粮食。
每个国家能生产多少汽车和粮食呢?答：美国1年可以生产出5亿吨粮食和2亿辆汽车，日本1年可以生产出2．5亿吨粮食和2亿辆汽车。
G．从没有贸易的状况出发，举例说明贸易可以使每个国家的状况更好。
Chapter 35The Short-Run Trade-off between Inflation and UnemploymentMultiple Choice1. Closely watched indicators such as the inflation rate and unemployment are released each month by thea. Bureau of the Budget.b. Bureau of Labor Statistics.c. Department of the Treasury.d. President's Council of Economic Advisors.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 35-1TOP: Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional2. The misery index is calculated as thea. inflation rate plus the unemployment rate.b. unemployment rate minus the inflation rate.c. actual inflation rate minus the expected inflation rate.d. natural unemployment rate plus the long-run inflation rate.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 35-1TOP: Misery index MSC: Definitional3. The misery index is supposed to measure thea. social cost of unemployment.b. health of the economy.c. lost output associated with a particular unemployment rate.d. short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 35-1TOP: Misery index MSC: Definitional4. One determinant of the natural rate of unemployment is thea. rate of growth of the money supply.b. minimum wage rate.c. expected inflation rate.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 35-1TOP: Natural rate of unemployment MSC: Definitional5. One determinant of the long-run average unemployment rate is thea. market power of unions, while the inflation rate depends primarily upon government spending.b. minimum wage, while the inflation rate depends primarily upon the money supply growth rate.c. rate of growth of the money supply, while the inflation rate depends primarily upon the market power of unions.d. existence of efficiency wages, while the inflation rate depends primarily upon the extent to which firms arecompetitive.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 35-1TOP: Long-run Phillips curve MSC: Interpretive6. In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily ona. the ability of unions to raise wages.b. government spending.c. the money supply growth rate.d. the monopoly power of firms.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 35-1TOP: Inflation MSC: Definitional1432。
第一章导言一、单项选择题1、下列哪一种情况涉及权衡取舍A、买一辆新汽车B、上大学C、星期天上午看一场足球比赛D、睡午觉E、以上各项都涉及2、之所以要权衡取舍,是因为欲望是无限的,而资源是A、有效的B、经济的C、稀缺的D、无限的E、边际的3、经济学研究A、如何完全满足我们无限的欲望;B、社会如何管理其稀缺资源C、如何把我们的欲望减少到我们得到满足时为止D、如何避免进行权衡取舍E、社会如何管理其无限的资源4、除非一种行为满足下列条件,否则理性人就不会行事A、可以为某人赚钱B、符合伦理道德C、产生了大于边际利益的边际成本D、产生了大于边际成本的边际利益E、以上每种情况都不是5、提高税收并增加福利支付A、证明了存在免费午餐B、减少了市场势力C、以损害平等为代价提高了效率D、以损害效率为代价改善了平等E、以上每一种情况都不是6、假设你捡了20美元;如果你选择把这20美元用于看足球比赛,你看这场比赛的机会成本是A、没有,因为你捡到了钱B、20美元因为你可以用这20美元买其他东西C、20美元因为你可以用这20美元买其他东西加上你用于看比赛的时间的价值D、20美元因为你可以用这20美元买其他东西加上你用于看比赛的时间的价值,再加上你在看比赛中买饭的成本E、以上每一项都不是7、对外贸易A、使一国能以低于自己在国内生产一切东西时的成本拥有种类更多的物品B、使一国可以避免权衡取舍C、使一国可以更平等D、提高了资源的稀缺性E、以上每一项都不是8、由于人们会对激励作出反应,如果会计师的平均薪水增加50%,而教师的平均工资增加20%,我们可以预期A、学生将从教育专业转向会计专业B、学生将从会计专业转向教育专业C、上大学的学生少了D、以上每一项都不是9、以下哪一种活动最可能产生外部性A、学生坐在家里看电视B、学生在宿舍里聚会C、学生为了娱乐而读小说D、学生在学生会吃汉堡包10、以下哪一种东西产生的外部性能力最小A、香烟B、音响设备C、防止疾病的疫苗D、教育E、食物11、以下哪一种情况描述了最大的市场势力A、一个农民对谷物价格的影响B、沃尔沃对汽车价格的影响C、微软对台式电脑操作系统价格的影响D、一个学生对大学学费的影响12、下列哪一种关于市场经济的表述是正确的A、市场参与者仿佛由一只“看不见的手”指引行事,产生了使社会福利最大化的结果B、税收有助于沟通生产者与消费者的成本与利益C、在有足够大的电脑时,中央计划者可以比市场更有效地指导生产D、市场体制的力量倾向于在消费者平等地分配资源13、美国工人享有高生活水平是因为A、美国的公会维护了高工资B、我们保护自己的工作免受国外竞争C、美国有高的最低工资D、美国工人的生产率高E、以上每一项都不是14、高而持久的通货膨胀原因是A、公会使工资增加的太多了B、石油输出国组织使石油价格上升的太多了C、政府增加的货币量太多了D、管制使生产成本增加的太多了15、在短期内A、通货膨胀提高会暂时增加失业B、通货膨胀下降会暂时增加失业C、通货膨胀和失业是无关的D、经济周期被消除了E、以上每一项都不是16、你根据销售额为2000美元的估算花1000美元盖了一个热狗店;热狗店快建完了,但现在估计总销售额只有800美元;你可以再花300美元盖完热狗店;你应该盖完热狗店吗假设你没有热狗的成本A、是的B、不是C、没有足够的信息回答这个问题17、根据上一题,你应该盖完热狗店的决策规则是盖完热狗店的成本小于A、100美元B、300美元C、500美元D、800美元18、下列哪一项不是去度假的机会成本的一部分A、如果你留下来工作可以赚到的钱B、你用于食物的钱C、你用于飞机票的钱D、你看百老汇表演所花的钱19、可以提高生产率的方法是A、提高最低工资B、提高工会会员的工资C、改善工人的教育D、限制与外国的贸易20、科学方法要求A、科学家使用试管,并有一间清洁的实验室B、科学家是客观的C、科学家使用精密仪器D、只有不正确的理论得到检验E、只有正确的理论得到检验21、以下哪一项最有可能产生一种理论的科学依据A、一个受雇于劳联—产联AFL/CIO的科学家研究贸易限制对工人工资的影响B、一个广播电视台访谈节目主持人在收集有关资本市场如何对赋税做出反应的数据C、一个名牌大学雇用的终身经济学家分析银行管制对农村贷款的影响D、通用汽车公司雇用的律师分析安全气囊对乘客安全的影响22、以下哪一个关于循环流向图的表述是正确的A、生产要素归家庭所有B、如果Susan为IBM工作并得到一张工资支票,这个交易发生在物品和劳务市场上C、如果IBM出售一台电脑,这个交易发生在生产要素市场上D、生产要素归企业所有E、以上各项都不正确23、在下列哪一种情况下,假设最合理A、在估算气球下落的速度时,物理学家假设它在真空中下落B、为了分析货币增长对通货膨胀的影响,经济学家假设货币是严格的铸币C、为了分析税收对收入分配的影响,经济学家假设每个人的收入相同D、为了分析贸易的利益,经济学家假设只有两个人和两种物品;24、经济模型是A、为了复制现实而创造的B、以假设为基础建立的C、通常由木头和塑料组成D、如果他们是简单的,就没有用25、以下哪一种不是生产要素A、土地B、劳动C、资本D、货币E、以上都是26、生产可能性边界上的点是A、有效率的B、无效率的C、不能达到的D、规范的E、以上各项都不是27、以下哪一项不会使一国的生产可能性边界向外移动A、资本存量增加B、技术进步C、失业减少D、劳动增加28、以下哪一项描述了经济增长A、沿着生产可能性边界向资本品移动B、生产可能性边界向外移动C、生产可能性边界向内移动D、从该曲线内向曲线移动29、以下哪一项与微观经济学相关A、货币对通货膨胀的影响B、技术对经济增长的影响C、赤字对储蓄的影响D、石油价格对汽车生产的影响30、一下关于微观经济学和宏观经济学哪一项的表述是不正确的A、对极其大的行业的研究是宏观经济学范围内的问题B、宏观经济学关注整体经济现象C、微观经济学是宏观经济学的基础D、不能把微观经济学和宏观经济学完全分开31、以下哪一项表述是规范的A、发行的货币过多就引起通货膨胀B、如果工资更高;人们就会更努力工作C、失业率应该降低D、大量政府赤字使经济增长更慢32、在做出下列哪一项表述时,经济学家更像一个科学家A、减少失业救济金将降低失业率B、失业率应该降低,因为失业剥夺了个人的尊严C、通货膨胀率应该降低,因为通货膨胀剥夺了老年人的储蓄D、国家应该增加对大学的补贴,因为经济的未来取决于教育33、实证表述是A、微观经济学的B、宏观经济学的C、涉及价值判断的论断性表述D、可以检验的描述性表述34、假设两个经济学家争论对待失业的政策;一个经济学家说：“政府应该向失业宣战,因为它是最大的社会不幸;”另一位经济学家反驳说：“胡说;通货膨胀才是最大的社会不幸;”这两位经济学家A、意见分歧是因为他们有不同的科学判断B、意见分歧是因为他们又不同的价值观C、实际上根本没有分歧,只是看起来有分歧D、以上各项都不是35、假设两位经济学家对待失业的政策;一位经济学家说：“如果政府可以增加500亿美元的政府支出,就可以使失业率下降一个百分点;”另一个经济学家反驳说：“胡说;如果政府增加500亿美元的支出,只能减少千分之一的失业,而且,效果只是暂时的;”这两位经济学家A、意见分歧是因为他们有不同的科学判断B、意见分歧是因为他们又不同的价值观C、实际上根本没有分歧,只是看起来有分歧D、以上各项都不是36、如果一个国家在生产一种物品上有绝对优势,那么A、它可以以低于其贸易伙伴的机会成本生产该物品B、它可以用少于其贸易伙伴的资源来生产该物品C、它可以通过限制该物品的进口而获益D、它可以专门生产该物品并出口E、以上各项都不是37、如果一个国家在生产一种物品上有比较优势,那么A、它可以以低于其贸易伙伴的机会成本生产该物品B、它可以用少于其贸易伙伴的资源来生产该物品C、它可以通过限制该物品的进口而获益D、它一定是唯一有能力生产该物品的国家E、以上各项都不是38、下列哪一种关于贸易的表述是正确的A、无限制的国际贸易对于一个国家的每一个人都是同等有利的B、那些在所有活动中其技能都高的人不能从贸易中获益C、贸易有利于社会上的每一个人,因为它使人们可以专门从事他们有绝对优势的活动D、贸易有利于社会上的每一个人,因为它使人们可以专门从事他们有比较优势的活动39、根据比较优势原理A、在生产每一种物品上都有比较优势的国家不需要专业化B、各国应该专门生产其消费的产品C、各国应该专门生产其在生产中使用的资源小于其它贸易伙伴的物品D、各国应该专门生产其生产的机会成本低于其贸易伙伴的物品40、以下哪一种表述是正确的A、自给自足是大多数国家的繁荣之路B、自给自足国家的消费在其生产可能性边界之外C、自给自足的国家充其量只能在其生产可能性的边界上消费D、只有在每种物品生产中都有绝对优势的国家才应该努力实现自给自足41、假设一个国家的工人每个小时可以生产4只手表或12个戒指;如果没有贸易A、1个戒指的国内价格是3只手表B、1个戒指的国内价格是1/3只手表C、1个戒指的国内价格是4只手表D、1个戒指的国内价格是1/4只手表E、1个戒指的国内价格是12只手表42、假设一个国家的工人每个小时可以生产4只手表或12个戒指;如果没有贸易A、1只手表的机会成本是3个戒指B、1只手表的机会成本是1/3个戒指C、1只手表的机会成本是4个戒指D、1只手表的机会成本是1/4个戒指E、1只手表的机会成本是12个戒指以下表示澳大利亚和韩国一个工人每月可以生产的产量;根据该表回答第8——15题A、澳大利亚在粮食的生产上有绝对优势,而韩国在电器的生产上有绝对优势;B、韩国在粮食的生产上有绝对优势,而澳大利亚在电器的生产上有绝对优势;C、澳大利亚在粮食的和电器的生产上都有绝对优势D、韩国在粮食和电器的生产上都有绝对优势;44、澳大利亚生产1单位电器的机会成本是A、5单位粮食B、1/5单位粮食C、4单位粮食D、1/4单位粮食45、韩国生产1单位电器的机会成本是A、2单位粮食B、1/2单位粮食C、4单位粮食D、1/4单位粮食46、澳大利亚生产1单位粮食的机会成本是A、5单位电器B、1/5单位电器C、4单位电器D、1/4单位电器47、韩国生产1单位粮食的机会成本是A、2单位粮食B、1/2单位粮食C、4单位粮食D、1/4单位粮食48、下列哪一种关于比较优势的表述是正确的A、澳大利亚在粮食的生产上有比较优势,而韩国在电器的生产上有比较优势B、韩国在粮食的生产上有比较优势,而澳大利亚在电器的生产上有比较优势C、澳大利亚在粮食和电器的生产上都有比较优势D、韩国在粮食和电器的生产上都有比较优势49、韩国应该A、专门从事粮食生产,出口粮食,并进口电器B、专门从事电器生产,出口电器,并进口粮食C、生产这两种物品,因为没有一个国家有比较优势D、两种物品都不生产,因为在这两种物品的生产中它都有比较劣势50、电器的价格可以用粮食单位来表示;使两国可以从贸易中获益的电器价格范围是什么A、价格应该是大于1/5单位粮食,但小于1/4单位粮食B、价格应该是大于4单位粮食,但小于5单位粮食C、价格应该是大于1/4单位粮食,但是小于1/2单位粮食D、价格应该是大于2单位粮食,但是小于4单位粮食51、假设世界由两个国家——美国和墨西哥——组成;再假设只有两种物品——粮食和衣服;下列哪一种假设是正确的A、如果美国在粮食的生产上有绝对优势,那么,墨西哥在衣服的生产上就应该有绝对优势B、如果美国在粮食的生产上有比较优势,那么,墨西哥在衣服的生产上就应该有比较优势C、如果美国在粮食的生产上有比较优势,那么,它在衣服的生产上也应该有比较优势D、如果美国在粮食的生产上有比较优势,那么,墨西哥在粮食的生产上也许也会有比较优势E、以上各项都不是根据下图中的生产可能性边界回答第52——54题;假设每个国家有相同的工人量,比如说2000万工人,而且,横轴和纵轴都用每月的吨量来衡量52、阿根廷在生产哪种物品上具有比较优势A、水果和牛肉B、水果C、牛肉D、水果和牛肉都不是53、秘鲁将出口A、水果和牛肉B、水果C、牛肉D、水果和牛肉都不是54、秘鲁生产1吨牛肉的机会成本是A、1/3吨水果B、1吨水果C、2吨水果D、3吨水果E、6吨水果55、Joe是一名税务会计师;他从事税务工作每小时收入100美元;他每小时可以把10000个字母打入表中;他可以雇一个每小时能把2500个字母打入表中的助手;下列哪一种表述是正确的A、Joe不应该雇佣助手 ,因为助手打字没有他快B、只要Joe支付给助手的工资小于每小时100美元,他就应该雇佣助手C、只要Joe支付给助手的工资小于每小时25美元,他就应该雇佣助手D、以上各项都不是二、简答题1、空气是稀缺的吗清新的空气是稀缺的吗2、3、把你工资的一部分储蓄起来的机会成本是什么4、为什么平等和效率之间存在权衡取舍5、水是生命所需的;钻石并不是;增加一倍水的边际利益大于还是小于一克拉钻石的边际利益,为什么6、你的汽车需要修理;你已经为修理变速器花了500美元,但它仍然不能正常运行;你能以2000美元的价格按现状售出你的汽车;如果你的汽车可以修理好,你可以卖2500美元;再花300美元保证可以修好你的汽车;你应该修理你的汽车吗为什么7、8、你认为为什么安全气囊所减少的死于车祸的概率小于我们所希望的9、假设一个国家生产农产品较具优势有更肥沃的土地,而另一个国家生产制成品较具优势有更好的教育体制和更多的工程师;如果每个国家都生产它较具优势的东西并进行贸易,总产量比每个国家都生产所需要的农产品和制成品增加了还是减少了为什么10、11、在国富论中,亚当斯密说：“我们每天所需要的食物和饮料,不是出自屠户、酿酒师或面包师的恩惠,而是由于他们自利的打算;”你认为他的意思是什么12、如果我们更多的储蓄,并用储蓄构建更多的物质资本,生产率就会提高,而且,将提高我们未来的生活水平;未来增长的机会成本是什么10、如果政府发行了两倍于现在的货币,而且经济已经在最高能力时生产,你认为物价和产量会发生什么变动11、一个社会的目标之一是平等或公正地分配资源;如果每个人都有相等的能力并同样辛勤的工作,你将如何分配资源如果人们的能力不同,而且;一些人辛勤工作,另一些人工作懒散,你将如何分配资源12、是买者更利己,还是卖者更利己13、描述科学方法14、在任何一门科学中,假设的作用是什么15、超现实的模型总是最好吗16、为什么生产可能性边界的斜率是负的向右下方倾斜17、为什么生产可能性边界向外凸出18、经济学的两个分领域是什么哪一个分领域更可能是另一个分领域的基础为什么19、当一个经济学家做出规范表述时,他更可能是作为科学家还是政策顾问为什么20、哪一种表述是可以检验的：实证表述还是规范表述为什么21、说出经济学家意见分歧的两个原因22、说出90%以上的经济学家看法一致的两个经济观点23、为什么人们选择互相依赖,而不是自给自足24、为什么在贸易的决定中重要的是比较优势,而不是绝对优势25、贸易的好处是什么26、为什么对贸易的限制会减少物质福利27、假定一个律师每小时可以赚200美元;也可以没分钟打200个字;律师应该雇佣一个每分钟只能打50字的秘书吗为什么28、评价这句话：在生产每一种东西上都比其邻国强的技术先进国家,如果关闭贸易边界,贸易会更好,因为生产率低的国家对先进国家是一个负担;一、单项选择题1、E2、C3、B4、D5、D6、C7、A8、A9、B 10、E11、C 12、A 13、D 14、C 15、B 16、A 17、D 18、B 19、C20、B 21、C 22、A 23、D 24、B 25、D 26、A 27、C 28、B 29、D30、A 31、C 32、A 33、D 34、B 35、A36、B 37、A 38、D 39、D 40、C 41、B 42、A 43、C 44、C 45、A 46、D 47、B 48、A 49、B 50、D 51、B 52、C 53、B 54、D 55、C二、简答题1、空气不是稀缺的,因为为了得到空气,你不比放弃任何东西;清新的空气是稀缺的,在得到它而不放弃任何东西汽车排污设备等的情况下,你无法想要多少新鲜空气就得到多少;2、如果将这部分工资用于消费,你可以享受道德东西现期消费;3、税收和福利可以使我们更平等,但削弱了辛勤工作的激励,减少了总产量;4、一杯水的边际利益通常很低,因为我们所拥有的水是如此之多,以至于增加一杯水的价值如此之少;钻石的情况正好相反;5、应该修理;因为修理汽车的边际利益是2500美元减去两千美元等于500美元,而边际成本是300美元;与原来修理付的钱是无关的;6、因为安全气囊使发生一次车祸的成本降低了;着改变了激励,使人们开车更快,而且车祸更多;7、如果两国专业化生产并进行贸易,总产量就更多,因为更方都在做自己效率最高的事;8、屠户、酿酒师和面包师尽可能生产最好的食物不是出于仁慈,而是由于这样做符合他们的最大利益;利己可以使社会福利最大化;9、我们所放弃的今天的消费10、指出翻了一番,但由于产量仍保持不变,物价也翻了一番;11、每个人有相等能力的情况下：平等要求每个人得到相同的份额,因为他们能力相当并且工作同样努力;人们能力不同的情况下：平等要求人们得不到相同的份额,因为他们能力并不相同,工作努力程度也不相同;12、他们都是利己的;卖者将以最高出价出售,而买者将以最低报价购买;13、通过观察、检验和在观察,无偏见的建立并检验理论;14、简化现实,以使我们可以把思考集中在实际重要的事情上15、不一定;现实模型是较为复杂;他们会引起混乱,而且不能使我们的注意力集中在重要的事情上;16、因为如果一个经济有效的运行,生产选择就有机会成本;如果我们想要多一种东西,就必须少要另一种东西;17、由于资源是专业化的,因此不能同等地适用于生产不同物品;18、微观经济学和宏观经济学;微观经济学更可能是宏观经济学的基础,因为我们在解决宏观问题比如失业时,必须考虑个人对工资和福利这类工作激励会做出什么反应;19、更可能是政策顾问;因为规范表述是关于应该是什么样的论断,而且在某种程序上基于价值判断;20、实证表述是对事实的表述,而且可以通过考察证据来否定;21、经济学家会有不同的科学判断;经济学家也会有不同的价值观;22、租金上限低了可获得的住房数量和质量;关税和进口限额通常减少了一般经济福利;23、由于消费者能以比他们自己生产时低得多的成本得到更多种类的产品;这就是说,存在着贸易的好处;24、在贸易中重要的是,如果没有相互贸易,一国的成本与其他国家又怎样的差别;这是由各国之间的相对机会成本决定的;25、增加的产量来自生产的机会成本不同的各国专门生产自己国内机会成本低的东西;26、由于这迫使人们以高于他们贸易时支付的成本进行生产;27、是的;只要秘书赚得小于每小时50美元,律师就有利可图;28、这并不正确;如果各国生产的机会成本不同,所有国家都可以从贸易中获益,即使生产率最低的国家也在生产某种东西上有比较优势,而且,它可以在该物品上以低于发达国家的机会成本与发达国家进行贸易;。
《经济学原理》练习题库与参考答案一、单选题（共60题，每题1分，共60分）1、同一条无差异曲线上的不同点表示（）。
A、效用水平相同，但所消费的两种商品的组合比例不同B、效用水平不同，但所消费的两种商品组合比例相同C、效用水平不同，两种商品的组合比例也不相同D、效用水平相同，两种商品的组合比例也相同正确答案：A2、现在资源不能充分满足人的欲望这一事实被称为（）。
A、资源的浪费B、资源的配置问题C、欲望的无限性D、稀缺性正确答案：D3、序数效用论认为，商品效用的大小（）。
A、可以比较B、取决于它的使用价值C、不可比较D、取决于它的价格正确答案：A4、长期总供给曲线会移动，不是其原因的有（）。
A、储蓄变动B、技术知识变动C、资本变动D、劳动变动正确答案：A5、商业银行向中央银行要求增加贴现是为了（）。
A、增加贷款B、减少吸收存款C、增加储备D、以上都有可能正确答案：C6、在经济过热时、政府应该采取（）的财政政策（）。
A、减少税收B、扩大财政赤字C、增加财政支出D、减少政府财政支出正确答案：D7、消费者预期某物品未来价格要上升，则对该物品的当前需求会( )。
A、减少B、增加C、不变D、以上三种情况都有可能正确答案：B8、中周期的时间大约为（）。
A、5-6年B、9-10年C、20年左右D、3-4年正确答案：B9、扩张性货币政策的效应是（）。
A、价格水平下降，总需求增加B、同一价格水平上的总需求增加C、总需求增加D、价格水平提高正确答案：B10、养蜂者的工作会对果园生产产生（）。
A、消费的外部不经济B、生产的外部不经济C、消费的外部经济D、生产的外部经济正确答案：D11、在垂直总供给曲线区域，决定价格的主导力量是（）。
A、需求B、技术C、产出D、供给正确答案：A12、短期总供给曲线向右上方倾斜的一种解释认为，这是因为物价总水平的变动会暂时误导供给者对自己出售的产品的个别市场发生的事情的看法，这是（）。
A、黏性工资理论B、黏性价格理论C、错觉理论D、以上都不是正确答案：C13、政府对物品与劳务购买的减少使得总需求曲线（）。
《经济学原理》习题+参考答案一、单选题（共60题，每题1分，共60分）1、经济周期中的萧条阶段的特征是（）。
A、国民收入与经济活动高于正常水平B、国民收入与经济活动等于正常水平C、国民收入与经济活动低于正常水平D、生产迅速增加，投资增加，信用扩张正确答案：C2、财政政策是指（）。
A、周期性变动的预算B、为使政府收支相抵的手段C、政府管理价格的手段D、利用税收、支出和债务管理等政策来实现宏观经济目标正确答案：D3、按货币单位衡量的变量（）。
A、名义GDPB、名义汇率C、名义利率D、名义变量正确答案：D4、按实物单位衡量的变量（）。
A、真实GDPB、真实利率C、真实汇率D、真实变量正确答案：D5、在以下四种情况下，可称为通货膨胀的是（）。
A、一种物品或几种物品的价格水平上升而且持续了一定时期B、物价总水平的上升持续了一个星期后又下降了C、物价总水平上升而且持续了一定时期D、物价总水平下降而且持续了一定时期正确答案：C6、当消费者对商品X的消费达到饱和点时，则边际效用MUx为（）。
A、正值B、不确定C、零D、负值正确答案：C7、要缓和结构性失业，应该实行（）。
A、人力政策B、财政政策C、收入政策D、货币政策正确答案：A8、中央银行在公开市场卖出政府债券是企图（）。
A、减少流通中基础货币以紧缩货币供给B、收集一笔资金帮助政府弥补财政赤字C、通过买卖债券获得差价利益D、减少商业银行在中央银行的存款正确答案：D9、公共产品具有以下哪个特征（）。
A、排他性B、竞争性C、非排他性和非竞争性D、以上全对正确答案：C10、在总需求不变时，短期总供给的增加会引起 ( )。
A、国民收入减少，价格水平下降B、国民收入增加，价格水平上升C、国民收入减少，价格水平上升D、国民收入增加，价格水平下降正确答案：D11、投资乘数等于（）。
A、收入变化除以投资变化B、投资变化除以收入变化C、MPC的倒数D、1-MPS的倒数正确答案：D12、下面哪一项不是政府职能（）A、在市场上决定产品的价格B、提供公共物品C、用行政与法律手段解决市场失灵D、对自然垄断实行价格管制正确答案：A13、货币数量论认为，可得到的（）决定物价水平。
Chapter 3Interdependence and the Gains from TradeMultiple Choice1. People who provide you with goods and servicesa. are acting out of generosity.b. do so because they have no other choice.c. do so because they get someth ing in retur n.d. are required to do so by gover nment.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3-0TOP: Trade MSC: I nterpretive2. Whe n an econo mist points out that you and milli ons of other people are in terdepe ndent , he or she is referri ng tothe fact that we alla. rely upon gover nment to provide us with the basic n ecessities of life.b. rely upon one ano ther for the goods and services we all con sume.c. have similar tastes and abilities.d. are concerned about one another -beisgvellANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3-0TOP: Trade MSC: I nterpretive3. People gen erally choose to depe nd upon others for goods and services. Econo mists view this in terdepe ndence asa. a good thing, since it fosters friendships and bonds that otherwise would never develop.b. a good thing, since it allows people to consume more goods and services than they would otherwise be able tocon sume.c. a bad thi ng, since self-sufficie ncy may become n ecessary in the future.d. a bad thing, since interdependence reduces people -esteem"andseifjses various social problems.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3-1TOP: Trade MSC: I nterpretive4. Rega n grows flowers and makes ceramic vases. Jays on also grows flowers and makes vases, but Rega n is betterat produc ing both. In this case, trade coulda. ben efit both Jays on and Rega n.b. ben efit Jays on, but not Rega n.c. ben efit Rega n, but not Jays on.d. ben efit n either Jays on nor Rega n.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-1TOP: Trade MSC: I nterpretive5. Ben bakes bread and Shawna knits sweaters. Ben likes to eat bread and wear sweaters, and the same is true forShaw na. In which of the follow ing cases is it impossible for both Ben and Shaw na to ben efit from tradea. Ben cannot kn it sweaters and Shaw na cannot bake bread.b. Ben is better tha n Shaw na at bak ing bread and Shaw na is better tha n Ben at kni tt ing sweaters.c. Ben is better tha n Shaw na at bak ing bread and at kn itt ing sweaters.d. None of the above is correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-1TOP: Trade MSC: Applicative6. Shannon bakes cookies and Justin grows vegetables. In which of the following cases is it impossible for bothShannon and Justin to benefit from tradea. Shannon does not like vegetables and Justin does not like cookies.b. Shannon is better than Justin at baking cookies and Justin is better than Shannon at growing vegetables.c. Justin is better than Shannon at baking cookies and at growing vegetables.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-1TOP: Trade MSC: Applicative7. Consider a shoemaker and a vegetable farmer. Potentially, trade could benefit both individuals ifa. the shoemaker can produce only shoes and the vegetable farmer can produce only vegetables.b. the shoemaker is capable of growing vegetables, but he is not very good at it.c. the vegetable farmer is better at growing vegetables and better at making shoes than the shoemaker.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-1TOP: Trade MSC: Interpretive8. Without trade,a. a country is better off because it will have to learn to be self-sufficient without trade.b. a country's production possibilities frontier is also its consumption possibilities frontier.c. a country can still benefit from international specialization.d. interdependence is more extensive than it would be with trade.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-1TOP: Trade MSC: Interpretive9. A country's consumption possibilities frontier can be outside its production possibilities frontier ifa. the country ' s technology is superior to the technologies of other countries.b. the citizens of the country have a greater desire to consume goods and services than do the citizens of othercountries.c. the country engages in trade.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-1TOP: Trade | Production possibilities frontier MSC: Interpretive10. A production possibilities frontier will be a straight line ifa. increasing the production of one good by x units entails no opportunity cost in terms of the other good.b. increasing the production of one good by x units entails a constant opportunity cost in terms of the othergood.c. the economy is producing efficiently.d. the economy is engaged in trade with at least one other economy. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-1 TOP: Production possibilities frontier MSC: Applicative11. The difference between production possibilities frontiers that are bowed out and those that are straight lines isthata. bowed-out production possibilities frontiers apply to economies that face tradeoffs, whereas straight-lineproduction possibilities frontiers apply to economies that do not face tradeoffs.b. bowed-out production possibilities frontiers apply to economies in which resources are not specialized,whereas straight-line production possibilities frontiers apply to economies in which resources are specialized.c. bowed-out production possibilities frontiers illustrate increasing opportunity cost, whereas straight-lineproduction possibilities frontiers illustrate constant opportunity cost.d. straight-line production possibilities frontiers illustrate real-world conditions, whereas bowed-out productionpossibilities frontiers illustrate more simplistic assumptions.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-1 TOP: Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative12. Which of the following statements is not correcta. Trade allows for specialization.b. Trade has the pote ntial to ben efit all n ati ons.c. Trade allows n ati ons to con sume outside of their producti on possibilities curves.d. Absolute advantage is the driving force of specialization.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Specializati on | Trade MSC: In terpretive13. If labor in Mexico is less productive than labor in the United States in all areas of production,a. n either n ati on can ben efit from trade.b. Mexico can ben efit from trade but the Un ited States cannot.c. the Un ited States will have a comparative adva ntage relative to Mexico in the producti on of all goods.d. both Mexico and the Un ited States still can ben efit from trade.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Comparative adva ntage | Trade MSC: I nterpretive14. The production possibilities frontier is a downward-sloping straight line whena. it is possible to switch between one good and the other good at a constant rate.b. there is no tradeoff involved in switching between one good and the other good.c. the same amount of time is required to produce a unit of one good as is required to produce a unit of theother good.d. the person for whom the frontier is drawn wishes to consume equal amounts of the two goods.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-1TOP: Producti on possibilities fron tier MSC: I nterpretive15. Refer to Table 3-1 . The opportunity cost of 1 pound of meat for the farmer isa. 1/4 hour of labor.b. 4 hours of labor.c. 4 pou nds of potatoes.d. 1/4 pou nd of potatoes.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportu nity cost MSC: Applicative16. Refer to Table 3-1 . The opportunity cost of 1 pound of meat for the rancher isa. 4 hours of labor.b. 5 hours of labor.c. 4/5 pou nds of potatoes.d. 5/4 pou nds of potatoes.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportu nity cost MSC: Applicative17. Refer to Table 3-1 . The opportunity cost of 1 pound of potatoes for the farmer isa. 8 hours of labor.b. 2 hours of labor.c. 4 pou nds of meat.d. 1/4 pou nd of meat.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportu nity cost MSC: Applicative18. Refer to Table 3-1 . The opportunity cost of 1 pound of potatoes for the rancher isa. 5 hours of labor.b. 4 hours of labor.c. 5/4 pounds of meat.d. 4/5 pound of meat.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative19. Refer to Table 3-1 . The farmer has an absolute advantage ina. meat, and the rancher has an absolute advantage in potatoes.b. potatoes, and the rancher has an absolute advantage in meat.c. meat, and the rancher has an absolute advantage in meat.d. neither good, and the rancher has an absolute advantage in both goods.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Absolute advantage MSC: Applicative20. Refer to Table 3-1 . The rancher has an absolute advantage ina. both goods, and the farmer has a comparative advantage in meat.b. both goods, and the farmer has a comparative advantage in potatoes.c. meat, and the farmer has a comparative advantage in potatoes.d. meat, and the farmer has a comparative advantage in neither good.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Absolute advantage | Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative21. Refer to Table 3-1 . The farmer has an absolute advantage ina. potatoes, and the rancher has a comparative advantage in meat.b. meat, and the rancher has a comparative advantage in potatoes.c. neither good, and the rancher has a comparative advantage in potatoes.d. neither good, and the rancher has a comparative advantage in meat.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Absolute advantage | Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative22. Refer to Table 3-1 . The rancher has a comparative advantage ina. neither good, and the farmer has a comparative advantage in both goods.b. both goods, and the farmer has a comparative advantage in neither good.c. potatoes, and the farmer has a comparative advantage in meat.d. meat, and the farmer has a comparative advantage in potatoes.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative23. Refer to Table 3-1 . The farmer and the rancher both could benefit if the farmer were to specialize ina. meat and the rancher were to specialize in potatoes.b. potatoes and the rancher were to specialize in meat.c. neither good and the rancher were to specialize in both goods.d. none of the above; they cannot both benefit by specialization and trade.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Specialization | Trade MSC: ApplicativeFigure 3-124. Refer to Figure 3-1 .If Paul divides his time equally between corn and wheat, he will be able to producea. 2 bushels of wheat and 2 bushels of cor n.b. 3 bushels of wheat and 3 bushels of cor n.c. 4 bushels of wheat and 5 bushels of cor n.d. 4 bushels of wheat and 6 bushels of corn.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities fron tier MSC: Applicative25. Refer to Figure 3-1 . The opportunity cost of 1 bushel of wheat for Cliff isa. 1/3 bushel of cor n.b. 2/3 bushel of cor n.c. 1 bushel of corn.d. 3/2 bushels of corn.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportu nity cost MSC: Applicative26. Refer to Figure 3-1 . The opportunity cost of 2 bushels of corn for Cliff isa. 2 bushels of wheat.b. 3 bushels of wheat.c. 6 bushels of wheat.d. 12 bushels of wheat.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportu nity cost MSC: Applicative27. Refer to Figure 3-1 . The opportunity cost of 1 bushel of corn isa. 4/5 bushel of wheat for Paul and 3/2 bushels of wheat for Cliff; thus, Paul has the comparative advantage in growing corn.b. 4/5 bushel of wheat for Paul and 3/2 bushels of wheat for Cliff; thus, Cliff has the comparative advantage in growing corn.c. 5/4 bushels of wheat for Paul and 2/3 bushel of wheat for Cliff; thus, Paul has the comparative adva ntage in growing corn.d. 5/4 bushels of wheat for Paul and 2/3 bushel of wheat for Cliff; thus, Cliff has the comparative adva ntage in growing corn.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportu nity cost | Comparative adva ntage MSC: Applicative28. Refer to Figure 3-1 . Assume both Paul and Cliff divide their time equally between the production of corn and wheat,and they do not trade. If they are the only producers of wheat and corn, then total production of wheat and corn isa. 8 bushels of wheat and 7 bushels of corn.b. 7 bushels of wheat and 6 bushels of corn.c. 6 bushels of wheat and 8 bushels of corn.d. 7 bushels of wheat and 7 bushels of corn.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities frontier MSC: Applicative29. Refer to Figure 3-1 . Assume Cliff and Paul were both producing wheat and corn, and each person was dividing histime equally between the two. Then each decides to specialize in the product in which he has a comparativeadvantage. As a result of this change, total production of corn woulda. increase by 1 bushel.b. i ncrease by 3 bushels.c. i ncrease by 5 bushels.d. d ecrease by 2 bushels.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative30. Refer to Figure 3-1 . Assume Cliff and Paul were both producing wheat and corn, and each person was dividing histime equally between the two. Then each decides to specialize in the product in which he has a comparativeadvantage. Furthermore, they agree to trade 3 bushels of wheat for 3 bushels of corn. As a result of these new arrangements, Cliff is able to consumea. 4 bushels of wheat and 3 bushels of corn, and this point lies on Cliffb. 3 bushels of wheat and 3 bushels of corn, and this point lies outside of Cliffc. 3 bushels of wheat and 2 bushels of corn, and this point lies on Cliffd. 4 bushels of wheat and 3 bushels of corn, and this point lies outside of Cliff ANS: B PTS: 1DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Comparative advantage | Specialization | Trade MSC: Analytical31. Refer to Figure 3-1 . Which of the following statements is correcta. Paul has an absolute advantage in both wheat and corn.b. Paul has an absolute advantage in wheat and Cliff has an absolute advantage in corn.c. Cliff has an absolute advantage in wheat and Paul has an absolute advantage in corn.d. Cliff has an absolute advantage in both wheat and corn.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Absolute advantage MSC: Applicative32. Refer to Figure 3-1 . Which of the following statements is correcta. Paul has a comparative advantage in both wheat and corn.b. Paul has a comparative advantage in wheat and Cliff has a comparative advantage in corn.c. Cliff has a comparative advantage in wheat and Paul has a comparative advantage in corn.d. Cliff has a comparative advantage in both wheat and corn.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative33. Refer to Figure 3-1. Suppose Paul must work 2 hours to produce each bushel of corn. Then Paulpossibilities frontier is based on how many hours of worka. hoursb. 5 hoursc. 10 hoursd. 20 hoursANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities frontier MSC: Applicative s production possibilities fronti lities fro'ntiserp.roductionpossib s productionpossibilities fronti 'sproduction possibs production34. R efer to Figure 3-1. Suppose Paul must work 2 hours to produce each bushel of corn. Then Paulmust work hours to produce each bushel of wheat, and his opportu nity cost of a bushel of corn is bushels of wheat.must work hours to produce each bushel of wheat, and his opportu nity cost of a bushel of corn is bushels of wheat. must work hours to produce each bushel of wheat, and his opportu nity cost of a bushel of corn is bushels of wheat.must work hours to produce each bushel of wheat, and his opportu nity cost of a bushel of corn is bushels of wheat. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities frontier | Opportunity cost 35. Refer to Figure 3-1. Suppose Cliff must work 5 hours to produce each bushel of corn. Then Cliff ' s productionpossibilities fron tier is based on how many hours of work a. hours b. hours c. 15 hours d. 20 hours ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2 TOP: Production possibilities fron tier MSC: Applicative 36. R efer to Figure 3-1. Suppose Cliff must work 5 hours to produce each bushel of corn. Then Cliffa. must work 3 1/3 hours to produce each bushel of wheat, and his opportu nity cost of a bushel of corn is 2/3 bushel ofwheat.b. must work 3 1/3 hours to produce each bushel of wheat, and his opportu nity cost of a bushel of corn is bushels ofwheat.c. must work to produce each bushel of wheat, and his opportu nity cost of a bushel of corn is approximately 2/3 bushelof wheat.d. must work hours to produce each bushel of wheat, and his opportu nity cost of a bushel of corn is bushels of wheat. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2 TOP: Production possibilities fron tier | Opportu nity cost MSC: An alyticala. b. c. d.ANS: CMSC: An alytical Figure 3-21 2 Ice Cr&am I Cream37. Refer to Figure 3-2 . For Ben, the opportunity cost of 1 pound of ice cream isa. 1/14 pound of cones.b. 1/2 pound of cones.c. 2 pounds of cones.d. 4 pound of cones.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative38. Refer to Figure 3-2 . For Jerry, the opportunity cost of 1 pound of ice cream isa. 1/3 pound of cones.b. 2/3 pound of cones.c. 3/2 pounds of cones.d. 2 pounds of cones.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative39. Refer to Figure 3-2 . For Ben, the opportunity cost of 1 pound of cones isa. 1/4 pound of ice cream.b. 1/2 pound of ice cream.c. 2 pounds of ice cream.d. 4 pounds of ice cream.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative40. Refer to Figure 3-2 . For Jerry, the opportunity cost of 1 pound of cones isa. 1/3 pound of ice cream.b. 2/3 pound of ice cream.c. 3/2 pounds of ice cream.d. 2 pounds of ice cream.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative41. Refer to Figure 3-2 . Ben has a comparative advantage ina. cones and Jerry has a comparative advantage in ice cream.b. ice cream and Jerry has a comparative advantage in cones.c. neither good and Jerry has a comparative advantage in both goods.d. both goods and Jerry has a comparative advantage in neither good. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2 TOP:Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative42. Refer to Figure 3-2 . Ben has an absolute advantage ina. ice cream and Jerry has an absolute advantage in cones.b. cones and Jerry has an absolute advantage in ice cream.c. neither good and Jerry has an absolute advantage in both goods.d. both goods and Jerry has an absolute advantage in neither good. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Absolute advantage MSC: Applicative43. Refer to Figure 3-2 . Ben has an absolute advantage ina. neither good and he has a comparative advantage in neither good.b. neither good and he has a comparative advantage in cones.c. cones and he has a comparative advantage in cones.d. ice cream and he has a comparative advantage in ice cream. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2 TOP: Absoluteadvantage | Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative44. Refer to Figure 3-2 . Jerry has an absolute advantage ina. both goods and Ben has a comparative advantage in ice cream.b. neither good and Ben has a comparative advantage in cones.c. ice cream and Ben has a comparative advantage in ice cream.d. ice cream and Ben has a comparative advantage in cones.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Absolute advantage | Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative45. Refer to Figure 3-2 . Suppose Ben and Jerry have both decided to produce at point A on their respective production possibilitiesfrontiers. We know thata. neither Ben 's- bw e ilnl g nor Jerry '-bsewinegllcould be improved as a result of trade between the two.b. trade between the two could benefit Ben but not Jerry.c. trade between the two could benefit Jerry but not Ben.d. Ben and Jerry are both allocating 1/2 of their time to the production of each good.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities frontier MSC: Applicative46. Refer to Figure 3-2 . Originally, Ben was producing at his point A and Jerry was producing at his point A. Then, each persondecided to specialize in the product in which he has a comparative advantage. Furthermore, they agreed to trade 4 pounds of cones for 2 pounds of ice cream. As a result of these new arrangements, the gains from trade relative to the original situation are as follows:a. 1 additional pound of cones for Ben and 1 additional pound of ice cream for Jerry.b. 1 additional pound of ice cream for Ben and 1 additional pound of cones for Jerry.c. 2 additional pounds of ice cream for Ben and 2 additional pounds of cones for Jerry.d. 2 additional pounds of ice cream for Ben and 1 additional pound of cones for Jerry.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities frontier | Specialization | Trade MSC: Analytical47. Refer to Figure 3-2. Suppose Ben ' s production possibilities frontier is based on 4 hours of work. How much time does Benrequire to produce 1 pound of ice creama. 1/2 hourb. 1 hourc. 2 hoursd. The answer cannot be determined from the given information.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities frontier MSC: Applicative48. Refer to Figure 3-2. Suppose Jerry ' s production possibilities frontier is based on 4 hours of wor.kJerry requiresa. 1/4 hour to produce 1 pound of ice cream and 3/8 hour to produce 1 pound of cones.b. 1/2 hour to produce 1 pound of ice cream and 3/4 hour to produce 1 pound of cones.c. 1 hour to produce 1 pound of ice cream and 2/3 hour to produce 1 pound of cones.d. 1 hour to produce 1 pound of ice cream and 3/2 hours to produce 1 pound of cones.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities frontier MSC: Applicative49. Refer to Figure 3-2. Suppose Ben ' s production possibilities frnotier is based on 4 hours of work and the same true is for Jerry 's. Thena. Ben requires 2 hours to produce a pound of ice cream and Jerry requires 40 minutes to produce a pound of cones.b. if Ben worked 1 hour producing ice cream and 3 hours producing cones, and if Jerry worked 3 hours producing ice creamand 1 hour producing cones, total output would bepounds of ice cream and pounds of cones.c. if each person worked 4 hours, specializing in the activity in which he has a comparative advantage, total output would be 4pounds of ice cream and 8 pounds of cones.d. All of the above are correct.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities frontier | Specialization MSC: ApplicativeFor the follow ing questi on( s), use the accompa nying table.50. Refer to Table 3-2 . For Helen, the opportunity cost of 1 quilt isa. dresses.b. 2 dresses.c. dresses.d. 5 dresses.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportu nity cost MSC: Applicative51. Refer to Table 3-2 . For Carolyn, the opportunity cost of 1 quilt isa. dresses.b. 1 dress.c. 2 dresses.d. 3 dresses.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportu nity cost MSC: Applicative52. Refer to Table 3-2 . For Helen, the opportunity cost of 1 dress isa. 1/5 quilt.b. 1/4 quilt.c. 2 quilts.d. 5 quilts.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportu nity cost MSC: Applicative53. Refer to Table 3-2 . For Carolyn, the opportunity cost of 1 dress isa. 5 quilts.b. 4 quilts.c. 1/2 quilt.d. 1/10 quilt.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportu nity cost MSC: Applicative54. Refer to Table 3-2 . Helen has a comparative advantage ina. quilts and Carolyn has an absolute advantage in neither good.b. dresses and Carolyn has an absolute advantage in quilts.c. quilts and Carolyn has an absolute adva ntage in dresses.d. dresses and Carolyn has an absolute advantage in neither good. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Absolute adva ntage | Comparative adva ntage MSC: Applicative55. Refer to Table 3-2 . Helen has an absolute advantage ina. dresses and Carolyn has an absolute advantage in quilts.b. quilts and Carolyn has a comparative advantage in dresses.c. both goods and Caro lyn has a comparative adva ntage in quilts.d. neither good and Carolyn has a comparative advantage in dresses. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Absolute adva ntage | Comparative adva ntage MSC: Applicative56. Refer to Table 3-2 . Helen has a comparative advantage ina. dresses and Carolyn has a comparative advantage in quilts.b. quilts and Carolyn has a comparative advantage in dresses.c. n either good and Caro lyn has a comparative adva ntage in both goods.d. both goods and Carolyn has a comparative adva ntage in n either good.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Comparative adva ntage MSC: Applicative57. Refer to Table 3-2. We could use the information in the table to draw a production possibilities frontier for Helen and a secondproduction possibilities frontier for Carolyn. If we were to do this, measuring quilts along the horiz on tal axis, the na. the slope of Helen ' s production possibilities frontier would be and the slope of Carolyn possibilities fron tier would be .b. the slope of Hele n product ion possibilities fron tier would be - 5 and the slope of Carolyn ' s producti onpossibilities fron tier would be -2.c. the slope of Helen ' s production possibilities frontier would be and the slope of Carolynpossibilities fron tier would be .d. the slope of Helen ' s production possibilities frontier would be 5 and the slope of Carolynpossibilities fron tier would be 2.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities fron tier MSC: Applicative58. Refer to Table 3-2. We could use the information in the table to draw a production possibilities frontier for Helen and a secondproduction possibilities frontier for Carolyn. If we were to do this, measuring dresses along the horiz on tal axis, the na. the slope of Helen 's production possibilities frontier would be and the slope of Carolynpossibilities fron tier would be .b. the slope of Helen 's production possibilities frontier would5)eind the slope of Carolyn ' s productionpossibilities fron tier would be -2.c. the slope of Helen ' s production possibilities frontier would be and the slope of Carolynpossibilities fron tier would be .d. the slope of Helen ' s production possibilities frontier would be 5 and the slope of Carolynpossibilities fron tier would be 2.ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities fron tier MSC: ApplicativeThese graphs illustrate the producti on possibilities available to Fred and Gin ger with each pers on work ing 40 hours.59. Refer to Figure 3-3 . The opportunity cost of 1 pair of tap shoes for Fred isa. 1/3 pair of ballet slippers.b. 1/5 pair of ballet slippers.c. 3/5 pair of ballet slippers.d. 5/3 pairs of ballet slippers. s produc s producs produc s producANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative60. Refer to Figure 3-3 . The opportunity cost of 1 pair of tap shoes for Ginger isa. 1/4 pair of ballet slippers.b. 1/3 pair of ballet slippers.c. 3/4 pair of ballet slippers.d. 4/3 pairs of ballet slippers.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative61. Refer to Figure 3-3 . The opportunity cost of 1 pair of ballet slippers for Ginger isa. 1/4 pair of tap shoes.b. 1/3 pair of tap shoes.c. 3/4 pair of tap shoes.d. 4/3 pairs of tap shoes.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative62. Refer to Figure 3-3 . The opportunity cost of 1 pair of ballet slippers for Fred isa.b.c.d. 1/3 pair of tap shoes. 1/5 pair of tap shoes. 3/5 pair of tap shoes. 5/3 pairs of tap shoes.ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative63. Refer to Figure 3-3. Fred would incur an opportunity cost of 3 ballet slippers if hea. increased his production of tap shoes by 4.b. increased his production of tap shoes by 5.c. decreased his production of tap shoes by 4.d. increased the time he spends on the two activities from 40 hours to 50 hours.ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Opportunity cost MSC: Applicative64. Refer to Figure 3-3. How long does it take Fred to make one ballet slippera. 4 hoursb. 6 hoursc. 6 2/3 hoursd. 7 1/2 hoursANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Production possibilities frontier MSC: Applicative65. Refer to Figure 3-3 . Ginger has an absolute advantage ina. ballet slippers and Fred has an absolute advantage in tap shoes.b. tap shoes and Fred has an absolute advantage in ballet slippers.c. neither good and Fred has an absolute advantage in both goods.d. both goods and Fred has an absolute advantage in neither good. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Absolute advantage MSC: Applicative66. Refer to Figure 3-3 . Ginger has a comparative advantage ina. tap shoes and Fred has a comparative advantage in ballet slippers.b. both goods and Fred has a comparative advantage in neither good.c. ballet slippers and Fred has a comparative advantage in tap shoes.d. neither good and Fred has a comparative advantage in both goods.ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3-2TOP: Comparative advantage MSC: Applicative67. Refer to Figure 3-3 . Ginger has an absolute advantage ina. tap shoes and Fred has a comparative advantage in ballet slippers.。
