1 虚拟语气
一、 If引导的条件从句
主句 从句
1、现在 would +动词原形 一般过去时/were
2、将来 would +动词原形 were to +动词原形/ should +动词原形
3、过去 would +现在完成时 过去完成时
Examples：
1．If I had time, I would go now.
2．If it were to/should snow here tomorrow, we would stay at home.
3．If you had studied hard, you would have passed the examination.
必须注意如下几点:
1. 主句中的would 可换成 could（能够/会） might（可能/也许）
If I had listened to my father, I might have finished the job in time.
2. 混合型的虚拟语气（主句与从句的时间不一致）
If you had listened to me, you would be a teacher now.
倒装句：当省略if 时，should/were/had 提到主语的前面构成倒装句。
If I had earned enough money, I would have bought a car.
--------Had I earned enough money, I would have bought a car.
If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.
--------Were it to rain tomorrow, I would not go there
高考英语语法复习
虚拟语气知识讲解
一、基础知识
（一）什么是虚拟语气
谓语动词的作用不仅可以表示动作的时间、状态、假设（情感），也是一种语气（mood)的表现形式，表明说话的目的和意图。（语气包含陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气）
虚拟语气用于表示假设、愿望、建议、命令等非真实或虚拟的情况，即与真实相反。上学的时候老师经常举的一个例子，"If I were you"因为我不可能是你，这是一种不可能存在的事实，所以这是个虚拟语句。
总而言之英语中的虚拟语气可以分为两大体系：一是表示与事实相反的，或者是假象的情形，通常由if引导，叫做虚拟条件句；另一个体系是在名词从句中使用虚拟语气，表示建议，命令或者要求等语气，类似于上述美剧常用的台词。
（二）虚拟语气的用法
这一部分我们主要用虚拟语气在条件句中的用法作为讲解
1.构成方式（if引导的条件状语从句）
不同情况 条件从句谓语 主句谓语 使用场景
与过去事实相反 If+主语+had
done 主语+should/would/could/might+have done 既然是过去了，那么谈到的一切情况都已既成事实，所以过去虚拟表达的是一个与过去事实相反的情形
与现在事实相反 If+主语+did(be
动词用were) 主语+should/would/could/might+do 既可能是事实，也可能是假设条件。因此，假设条件句和事实相反句适用于谈现在的情况
与将来事实相反 If+主语+ did(be
动词用were)
If+主语+ were
to + do
If+主语+should
+ do 主语+should/would/could/might+do 对于将来时间的虚拟不可能以事实为基础，而只能是表达说话人的一个设想或愿望。所以，对于将来的虚拟只适用于假设条件句，而不可能表达一个与事实相反的虚拟
2.例句
与现在事实相反：If I had a map, I would lend it to you.如果我有地图我就借给你。（但我没有）
英语语法：主语从句中的虚拟语气
主语从句中的虚拟语气
一、It’s important…类
这个类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary,
desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。如：
It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。
It is necessary that I should return it right now. 我有必要马上把它还回去。
It is important that we should speah politely. 我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。
It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist. 没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。
It is imperative that we should practise critidsm and
self-criticism. 理应实行批评与自我批评。
二、It’s a pity…类
It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。
It’s a pity that he should be so obstinate. 真遗憾他竟这样倔犟。
It was a pity that you couldn’t come. 你不能来，真是太遗憾了。
It is a pity that she failed the driving examination. 她没通过驾驶考试真是遗憾。
It is his desire that a medical man should stay here. 他希望有一个医务人员留在这里。
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考点一 if条件句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气 主句谓语动词 从句谓语动词
虚拟现在 should/would/
could/might＋do 过去式(be用were)
虚拟过去 should/would/could/
might＋have done had＋过去分词
虚拟将来 should/would/
could/might＋do 过去式/were to do/should＋do
例：They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.
如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。
We would be back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.
如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。
Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn’t
be able to see her parents very often.
格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。
注意：如果在表示虚拟语气的if条件句中含有were, had或should, 可将if省略，然后将were, had或should移至主语之前。
Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生克服不了她的困难。
如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。
