lecture 12 被动语句

▪ (1)主+动(S+V) Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. The children are sleeping.
▪ (2)主+动+宾(SVO) I want a ticket. Nobody could answer the question.
8
▪ 注意：
▪ （1）当SVOC句型变成被动语态以后，原句 中的“宾补”C (Objective Complement)，在 被动句中就成了“主补”(Subjective Complement)。这一点务必注意，以正确把 握被动语态句子中各个成分之间的关系。
▪ （2）如果主动句中的宾补是不带to的不定式， 当句子变成被动语态以后，作为主语补语的 不定式应该加上to，例如：
▪ This railway line will have been completed by next October. (这条铁路将于十月份以前竣工。)
▪ A big reservoir is being built in my hometown. (我的家乡正在建造一个大水库。)
4
▪ 注意： ▪ （1）被动语态不用于将来进行体和各种完成进行体。 ▪ （2）含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情
The manager made his secretary work overtime.
The sectary was made to work overtime.
9
▪ c)主+动+宾（间接）+宾（直接）(SVOiOd) 该句型有两种被动语态形式，即：直接宾语 和间接宾语都可以成为被动句的主语。例如： Father will give her an expensive present. She will be given an expensive present. (被动——间接宾语作主语) An eby her father). (被动——直接宾语作主语)

1). It’s believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream. 有人说她那些当明星的计划全都是些非非遐想罢了。
英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计，美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。
到目前为止，二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中
最严重的一种。
3) All around, the hills were black with oil, and some
were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray. 四周，由于蒙上了一层油，山峦是黑色的，有的山 峦则被天然气和在风中飘洒的喷油遮挡住了。 4) The thrust force of an airplane is produced by the propeller. 飞机的推力由螺旋桨所产生。
近四十岁时，由于事业上的挫折，他几乎为失意所 毁。
8) The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles.

4……is popular (widespread, common), But is it a fair (wise, reasonable) one? It is now being questioned (challenged) by more and more people.
上课点到制度作为一种传统，在大学中相当普 遍。但这真的是一种合理的制度吗？目前，它 的价值受到越来越多师生的质疑。 Required class attendance
B. has been set up D. is set up





4. No permission has ___for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. given C. to give D. be giving 5. Your letter ___. A. have received B. has received

2. 人们常说宇宙开发的高端技术将会改善我们 的生活。但事实真的是这样的吗？ exploration / advanced technology We are often shown (told) that…But is this really the case? We are often told that advanced technology of space exploration will make life better on earth. But is this really the case?

主动变被动(后接动作执行者用 “by”) many people speak English. English is spoken by many people. 表示使用材料时: The smoke filled the room The room was filled with the smoke 油漆盖住了锁。 Paint covered the lock The lock was covered with paint.

时间
形态 语态
一 般
现在
主 He gives me a cup of tea. 被 I am given a cup of tea by him.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
过去
主 He gave me a cup of tea. 被 I was given a cup of tea by him.
将来
主 he will give me a cup of tea. 被 I shall be given a cup of tea.
\ \
he has given me a cup of tea. I have been given a cup of tea by him. he had given me a cup of tea. I had been given a cup of tea by him. he will have given me a cup of tea. I shall have been given a cup of tea by him. [现在完成进行时] have/has + been + 现分
give gave given
进 行
be(am/are/is) + 现分 be(am/are/is) + being + 过分 was/were + 现分 was/were + being + 过分 will be + 现分
\ \ \
完 成
have/has + 过分 have/has + been + 过分 had + 过分 had + been + 过分 will/shall + have + 过分 will/shall + have + been + 过分 [现在完成进行时] have/has + been + 现分 [过去完成进行时] had + been + 现分