Software architecture for a constraint-based virtual environment

机械电气专业英语词汇英文中文Aabbreviationabrasiveabrasive-brushesabsolute Absolutepositiontransducer ACdriveACmotorAC(Alternatecurrent) accelerationaccessoryaccumulatoracidanalyzer acidcirculationtanks acidregenerationsystem across 缩写有研磨作用的、研磨粉研磨刷完好的、的确的、绝对的绝对地点变送器沟通传动沟通电机沟通电加快度附件活套酸剖析仪酸循环罐酸重生系统穿过ACS800multidriveACS800多传activateactiveactuateadequateadheringadjustadjustingdevice,electro-hydraulic adopt advancedprocesscontrollicense agglomerationagitatorairairpressuresupply airsolenoidvalveair-conditioneralarmalarm/eventsummarywindows alarmandeventlistalarmmanageralarmprioritiesalignment 激活使用开动足够的粘附调整、调理电液调整设施采纳高级过程控制赞同结块、凝集搅拌器空气压缩空气的供给空气用电磁阀空调警报报警/事件汇总窗口报警和事件表报警管理器报警优先级别摆列，对中，矫直alleyallocationofscopeofsupplyalloysteelalternatealtitudeofsiteambienttemperatureameliorate americannationalstandardsinst(ANSI) ammoniagasamplifyanaloginputanaloginputcardanalogoutputcardanaloguevaluesanalysisanalyzerangleannealinganodeanodicanswerreturncode answertelegramcodeanticrimpingrollanti-corrosiveanti-frictionbearingappendixapplication applicationandmotorcontrol applicationsoftwareapplication-dedicatedcontrolapplyapproachappropriateappurtenantarborarchitecturearmaturearrangementaspectobjectplatformassemblyassemblylineassistassumeatsite巷,小径供货分交合金钢交替,轮番的海拔环境温度改良,改良美国标准协会氨气放大、扩大模拟输入模拟量输入卡模拟量输出卡模拟量值剖析剖析员角度退火阳极阳极的应答代码应答电文代码防皱辊耐腐化低摩擦轴承附件应用电机应用控制应用软件由应用决定的控制供给靠近合适的,独有的隶属的心轴,柄轴结构电枢部署对象属性平台装置、组装、会合装置线帮助,促使假定在现场atmos=atmosphere(炉内)氛围austeniteauto automaticelongationcontrol automaticgaugecontrol automaticMode automaticslowdown automaticslowdowncrawlingspeed automaticslowdownstop automationsystem automationsystemlayout auxiliariescontrol auxiliarycontrolunit auxiliarydevice auxiliaryfunction auxiliaryPlant auxiliarypowersupplyoutput availabilityaverageavertaxialaxial 奥氏体自动延长率自动控制厚度自动控制自动模式自动降速自动降速低速自动降速停止自动化系统自动化系统部署协助控制协助控制单元协助设施协助功能公辅车间协助电源输出有效率均匀防备，移开轴向的a. 轴的axialbearing止推轴承、轴向轴承Bback–washingfiltrationback-uprollbackward balancemodeforpositioning ballvalvebanding basiccontrollicense basicdatabasiscontrol basisofthebidbatchbatchwisebatterybaybaycraneBD〔basicdesign)beambearingbearingassembly反冲刷过滤器支承辊向后、相反地点均衡模式球阀捆带根基控制赞同根本数据根基控制报价依照一炉、一批分批的，中止的电池跨行车根本设计横梁,卷轴,杠杆轴承轴承装置behind在⋯⋯后beltbelt皮bend曲折bendingforce曲折力,弯力bendingmachine弯机bendingroll弯benefit利益,受益bevelgear斜BI〔BasicInformation〕基信息billofMaterial资料清binarycontroll icense二制控制可boiler炉bolt螺栓，插bottom底box箱子bracket托架brake,制器,刹brakecontrol抱braketongs制用具brakerroll制brakingchopperunit制波器元brakingresistorunit制阻元brand商break停,打破breakage破、断裂breakerrollbridlecontrol控制bridlerollbronzebushing套(滑承) brown棕色brushroll刷bucket料斗、桶burmasher毛刺修磨机burners嘴burr毛刺burrmasher去毛刺机busbar母butt接butterflyvalve蝶button按buyer客、方Ccabinetdimensioncablecontainercabledragchaincabledrumcableexitcalculation calculationofremainingstriplength calendarTimecalibration calibrationoftheScrewdown calibrationsequencefunctioncamcameracantileverjibcranecaptioncarbondioxidecarryoutcarryovertablecartridgescascadecatcherbarcatenarycathode(conversionofdrawing)cellarcenteringdevicecentralprocessorcentralrackcentrifugalcentrifugalblowercentringSystemchamberchampchangechange-covercharacteristiccharacteristictextcheckvalvechemicalchequerdplates,chimneychopchopper 柜子尺寸缆道电缆拖链,电缆架电缆滚筒电缆出口计算,估量节余带钢长度计算日历时间校准旋动校准校准功能凸轮、偏爱轮相机悬臂梁起重机说明、标题二氧化碳执行、达成导板台框架、辊盒串连抓辊,抱紧辊悬链线阴极图纸转变地下室对中设施中央办理器机架离心的，离心力的离心风机对中系统室高声咀嚼改换可改换槽盖特征,特色字符串文本单向阀化学的格板烟囱砍切碎机circuit-breakercirculationpumpscirculationtankcivilclampclampclampclampingcleanclientclockfrequencycloggingcloseclosecoupleclosedclosedloopclosed-circuitclutchcoilcoilcarcoilcenteringdevice coildiametercalculation coildimensioncoillengthcalculationcoilopener coiloutsidediameterdetectiondevice coilpeelercoilpreparationstationcoilscalecoilweighingscalecoilercontrolcoldruntestcollapsecolorationco-manufacturecombustioncomingintoforce.commercialcommissioncommoditcommondcbusconnection commonindustrialdriveplatform communicationcommunicationboard断路器循环泵循环罐民用的、国内的加紧装置夹住,夹紧夹夹紧洁净客户端时钟频次拥塞封闭闭环封闭的闭环闭环离合器，咬合钢卷钢卷小车钢卷对中装置卷径计算钢卷尺寸卷长度计算开卷器钢卷外径丈量装置铲头机钢卷准备站称重钢卷称重装置卷取控制冷负荷试车缩短,塌卷染色、着色合作制造焚烧奏效通用的拜托，服役商品，农产品公共的直流母线连结通用的工业变频器平台信息、通信通信板communicationexpansioncommunicationmaster compactsizecompaniescomparisoncompartmentcompensate compensatedinternal compensation completesystemmanagement complycompresscompressedair compressedairaccumulator compressiveconcept通信扩展通信控制器紧凑的外观企业、伙伴比较隔间赔偿内部赔偿赔偿完好的系统管理赞同，执行压缩压缩空气压缩空气采集器压缩的n. 观点,想法condensatecondensatepump condensatetankcondensationconditionconductivety confidentialityofinformation configurationconfirmconjunctionconsecutionconstant constantcurrentcontrol constrain 浓缩冷凝水泵冷凝水罐浓缩条件电导率信息的保密结构确认、确立连结,接合连结固定、恒量常数控制v. 听从,逼迫constraintn.construction constructionfeature consulting consumptioncontain contaminationlevel contentcontentcontrol controlaccuracy controlandiO controlboxes controlcenter controlfeatures建筑物,安装构件特色咨询消耗包括，控制污介入数内容，目录，重点目录控制控制精度控制与i/O控制箱控制集中化控制特色controlfunctionscontrolgroupwindows controlnetwork controlpanel控制功能控制组窗口控制网络控制盘controlpanelCDP312CDP312操作盘controlpointscontrolprecision controlvoltagecontrollercontrollerblock controllerParameterizing convenient convertertransformer conveyorcoolantcoolingcoolingmethodcoolingspraycoolingwatercooperationcoordinationcopecorrectivecorrespondcorrosioncountercurrentcoupling coveroperationneolytepickling CPC(centerpositioncontrol) crackcradlerollcradlerollstationcranecranehookcreepspeedcrimpcropcropshearcrowncubiclecurriculumcurvescutcycle 控制点控制精度控制电压控制器控制器模块控制器参数设定方便的、便利的整流变压器传递带冷却剂、冷却液冷却冷却方式发射冷却冷却水合作、协作同样战胜赔偿，纠正相应，一致，通信侵害,腐化逆流偶连器酸洗段带防酸树脂盖对中控制裂痕,破碎支承辊〔钢卷小车地辊〕鞍座起重机吊钩爬行速度皱农作物,产量,割,废料剪凸度柜子路线，门路曲线剪切循环、周期cylinder液压缸Ddamage伤害、破坏damp湿润,湿气data数据dataaccesscontrol数据接见控制date日期DCPowersupply直流电源DC〔directcurrent〕直流电DD〔detaildesign〕详尽设计deceleration减速度defect缺点、弊端defectcode缺点代码definite明确的,有限的definition定义deflectorroll转向辊deformation变形deliberate考虑deliver交托，递交demi-pumps脱盐水泵demineralizedwater脱盐水demister除雾器脱盐水罐demi-watertankdenoxunit去氮化物单元density密度deoiler脱油装置depositn.积淀物,寄存物v.储藏,积淀depth深度descaling除锈description描绘design设计desk桌子detail细节detect发现,查出,探知=inspectdeteriorate变坏,堕落deviation离题,误差dewPoint露点diagnostic诊疗diagram图标,图样diameter直径diaphragmvalve隔阂阀digitaldisplay数据显示digitalinput数字输入digitalinputcarddigitaloutputcarddimensiondimensionaccuracyDINdiodesupplyunitdirectcoolingwater directtensioncontroldiscerndischargingdisenabledismountingdisplaydesigndisplayexampledisplayexchangetimedistanceindicator distancetransducer,positiontransducer distinguishdistributedistributedistributiondistributionsystem distributiontransformerdivertdividingsheardivisiondocumentsdosingDoubleHeadSideTrimmer downstreamsidedownworddragchaindragoutdrawingdrierdrinkwaterdrivedrivecommissioningtool drivecontrolperformance drivecontrolunitdrivesidedrivestandarddrivesystemdriveunit数字量输入卡数字量输出卡尺寸尺寸精度德国标准二极管供电单元直接冷却水直接张力控制看出，鉴识卸料、排放不能够拆卸画面设计画面样板画面刷新时间地点显示器地点〔传感器〕编码器划分分派分派分派配电系统配电变压器使转向,避开分切剪部门文件、档案剂量双头切边剪出口侧向下拖链迟延图纸乏味机饮用水传动传动调试与保护工具变频器控制性能变频器控制单元传动侧标准传动传动系统传动单元drivenrollsdriveswindowdropdrumsegment drumshaftdualductductworkduetodummydummyrolldumpdurationdustdustexhaustpipedutydynamic dynamicbrakingunit dynamictensionaccuracy驱动辊传动窗口滴扇形块鼓轮轴双导管管道系统因为模型模型辊〔代替辊〕倒,垃圾堆连续时间尘埃除尘管工作制、责任变化的，动力的动向制动单元动向张力精度E earthingearthquakeedgeedgeblow-offdevice edgepositioningunitedgescrapefficiency efficientandflexibleNavigation effluentelapseelectric&basicautomationsystem electricalpowersupplyelectro –magneticvalve electrodeelectrodeelectro-magneticbrakeelementeliminateelongation emergencypowersection emergencypowersupply emergencypowerswitch-overdistributioncubicle emergencystop接地地震端部,侧部边部吹扫装置边部定位系统边废料效率高效灵巧的导游流出流逝〔时间〕电气及根基自动化系统供电电磁阀电极、焊条电极电磁闸元素清除，忽视延长率紧迫电源局部紧迫供电紧迫电源切换的配电柜紧停emissing射receiving接收employ利用empty空emulsion乳化液enable能够enclosure保等encoder器end束energy能量engage从事工作engineering工程engineeringstandard工程准engineeringstation工程站enhancedsecurity增的安全性enterpriseresourceplanning-level3企源划-l3entrycoildata进口卷数据entrycoilNO.进口卷号entryElectricalroomlayout进口气室部署entrylooper进口活套entrypulpitlayout进口操作室部署entrysection进口段environmentallimit境要求erection安装errorESI化指数〔乳化液指之一〕essential必需的establish立estimate估,判断ethernet以太网evaporative蒸evaporator蒸器eventtext事件文本event/alarmlist急事件/警列表excess剩excessive度，极端exert施加⋯exhaust耗费，排放exhaustsystem排气系exitchain出口运exitcoilcar出口卷小exitElectricalroomlayout出口气室部署exitlooper出口活套exitproductiondata出口品数据exitpulpitlayout出口操作室部署exitsectionexpandexport extendedarchitecture extension extensivediagnostics extractextractorextreme出口段胀输出扩展的结构延长〔局部〕宽泛的诊疗系统选用,摘取抽取者尾端Ffaceplate facilitate facilityfanfastfaststop fatiguestrength fault faultfinding featuresandBene fitsfe-concentration feedback feedbackcontrol feedforward feedforwardcont rolfenceferrite fibercable fieldbuscontrol fieldDevices fieldinstrument fieldweakeningp oint filetransferpro tocolfilmfilter filterfineness final finalacceptance testfinalusefinish firefightingsystemfirmfit〔FAT〕面板使简单,便于能力风机迅速快停疲惫强度故障故障查问特征与长处铁离子浓度反响反响控制前馈前馈控制栅栏铁素体光缆现场总线控制现场设施现场仪表、弱磁点文件传输协议电影,胶卷过滤器过滤精度最后最后查收测试最后用途达成防火系统企业适合的,安装fittingfixedspeeddrives fixedspeeddriveslist flangeflapflashmemoryflashpointflatness flatnessactualvalue flatnessactuatorscontrol flatnesscontrol flattenerrolls flexiblecoupling flowmeterflowmonitor flowtransducerfluidfoldersforceforcetransducerforkliftformulaforwordfoundationBoltsfractureframe装置,配件,附件定速传动定速传动电机清单法兰拍打、漂浮闪存闪点平展度板形实绩板形控制平展度控制矫直辊弹性联轴节、缓冲接头统量计流量监督元件流量变送器流动折叠压力、力量压力变送器叉车、铲车公式、规那么向前地脚螺栓伤害,断裂机架frequence=frequency频次frequenceconverterfrequencyfreshfrictionFRPfuelfulfil fullyintegrateddirect fumefumeexhaustfunction functionblock functionblockdiagram functiondescription furnace furnaceblowers 变频器频次新鲜的摩擦、摩擦力玻璃纤维加强塑料、玻璃钢燃料执行高度集成的指令烟雾烟雾排放功能、函数功能模块功能块图功能描绘炉子炉子风机G gapgasketgaugetaperGBgeargearboxreducergearmotorgearoillubricationgearsgeneralgenerallayoutgeneraldatageneralspecification generalstructureoftheautomationsystem globevalvegramgraphicbuildergraphicssystemgreasegreaselubricationsystemsgreycastirongrippergroupalarmbandgroupjogginggroupingguaranteeguaranteefigureguardguideguillotine 空隙垫圈测厚仪国家标准传动装置齿轮减速箱齿轮电机齿轮润滑油齿轮、传动装置概括整体布局总概数据纲要说明自动化系统的整体结构球型截止阀克(g)图形编写器画面系统牛油，黄油油脂润滑系统灰口铸铁钳子、夹子报警群栏结合点动分类保证保证值防备罩指导、指导斩首,切断Hhandrailharddiskhardness hardnessvariation hardwareharmfulharmonic harmonicdistortion harmonicfilter headtracking heatcycle 栏杆、扶手硬盘硬度硬度差别,变化硬件有害的，伤害的、谐波谐波畸变谐波滤波器穿带加热循环heatexchangerheatingvalueheat-resistantheighthelicallytoothed highcurrentrectifier highperformancecommunication highpressurelamp highPressurevacuumcleaningDevice histogrammHMIHMIapplicationsoftware HMIresponsetimeHMIstations热互换器加热值耐热的高度螺旋啮合高流整流器高性能通信高压灯高压真空洁净装置棒状图人机界面HMI应用软件HMI响应时间HMI操作站hoisthoistframeholdhoodhorizonbusbar horizonbusbarratedcurrent horizontalhosehothotcommissioning hotruntesthousingposthubhumidityhydraulic hydrauliccylinders hydraulicmanifold hydraulicscrewdown hydraulicsolenoidvalve hydraulicsystemhydrogenhygienehysteresis 提高，起重，卷扬检修吊具保持罩子直流母线母线额定电流水平的软管热的热调试热负荷试车机架立柱轮轴,衬套湿度液压液压缸液压歧管液压旋下液压用电磁阀液压系统氢卫生磁滞，迟滞I.I/omodule换言之I/O模块IDidenticalidleroll内径同样的空转辊、从动辊IEC〔InternationalElectricalcouncil〕国气会IGBTsupplyunit可控晶管供元immerse侵入,陷于Import入improper不适合的、不合适的inprinciple原上inactive不再使用，不活的incline斜,斜面Incominglinecableconnection接Incominglinenumber数目Incomingunit元incorporate成，使⋯归并Incrementalencoder增量型器indicate指示，示Indirectcoolingwater接冷却水Indirecttensioncontrol接力控制Individualalarmbar个性化的警条Individualequipmenttest体inductivesensingdevice.感感器IndustrialITenabledIndustrialIT可激活industrialwater工水inertia性Inertiacompensation性Informationabouttheselectedoperationmode所操作方式Informationstorage信息存initiate惹起，，触，开始inlet进口,口inner内部innovate改革,改革input入Inputvoltage入insert插入inspectionstand台InspectionStation站Inspectorinstallations安装Instructionlist指令列表instrument工具、用具Instrumentcompartment表件instrumentation使用器InsulationclassIntegratedcorefunctions集成的核心功能Integrationandconnectivity集成和接intended划中的interchange互换、立交=change-over对换Interface接口Interfacelist接口清单Interfacewithothersystem与其余系统接口Interlock联锁Intermediateroll中间辊intermesh插入深度intermittent断断续续Internalinterlocking联锁InternationalElectroTechnicalCommission国际电气委员会InternationalStandardizationOrganization(ISO)国际标准化组织interpolation插入Intervention干涉Introduction介绍Invertercomponents变频器组件Inverterunit逆变单元item工程、条款Itemsummary工程汇总Jjack千斤顶jibcranes悬臂吊jog点动joggingfunctionality点动功能Kkey重点、键keyboard键盘kick-offmeeting开球会knife刀knifeclearance齿侧空隙Lladder梯子ladderdiagram梯型图laminate叠合lamptest灯试验lap重叠量lapposition重叠量lateralrollshifting沿轴窜移layout布局leakage泄漏、渗漏lean倾斜length长度lengthmeasurementlevel 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计算机编程英语词汇计算机编程英语词汇在计算机编程中，经常要用到英语，那么有哪些计算机编程英语常用词汇呢？以下是小编整理的计算机编程英语词汇，欢迎阅读。

第一部分、计算机算法常用术语中英对照Data Structures 基本数据结构Dictionaries 字典Priority Queues 堆Graph Data Structures 图Set Data Structures 集合Kd-Trees 线段树Numerical Problems 数值问题Solving Linear Equations 线性方程组Bandwidth Reduction 带宽压缩Matrix Multiplication 矩阵乘法Determinants and Permanents 行列式Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization 最值问题Linear Programming 线性规划Random Number Generation 随机数生成Factoring and Primality Testing 因子分解/质数判定Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic 高精度计算Knapsack Problem 背包问题Discrete Fourier Transform 离散Fourier变换Combinatorial Problems 组合问题Sorting 排序Searching 查找Median and Selection 中位数Generating Permutations 排列生成Generating Subsets 子集生成Generating Partitions 划分生成Generating Graphs 图的生成Calendrical Calculations 日期Job Scheduling 工程安排Satisfiability 可满足性Graph Problems -- polynomial 图论-多项式算法Connected Components 连通分支Topological Sorting 拓扑排序Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成树Shortest Path 最短路径Transitive Closure and Reduction 传递闭包Matching 匹配Eulerian Cycle / Chinese Postman Euler回路/中国邮路Edge and Vertex Connectivity 割边/割点Network Flow 网络流Drawing Graphs Nicely 图的描绘Drawing Trees 树的描绘Planarity Detection and Embedding 平面性检测和嵌入Graph Problems -- hard 图论-NP问题Clique 最大团Independent Set 独立集Vertex Cover 点覆盖Traveling Salesman Problem 旅行商问题Hamiltonian Cycle Hamilton回路Graph Partition 图的划分Edge Coloring 边染色Graph Isomorphism 同构Steiner Tree Steiner树Feedback Edge/Vertex Set 最大无环子图Computational Geometry 计算几何Convex Hull 凸包Triangulation 三角剖分Voronoi Diagrams Voronoi图Nearest Neighbor Search 最近点对查询Range Search 范围查询Point Location 位置查询Intersection Detection 碰撞测试Bin Packing 装箱问题Medial-Axis Transformation 中轴变换Polygon Partitioning 多边形分割Simplifying Polygons 多边形化简Shape Similarity 相似多边形Motion Planning 运动规划Maintaining Line Arrangements 平面分割Minkowski Sum Minkowski和Set and String Problems 集合与串的问题Set Cover 集合覆盖Set Packing 集合配置String Matching 模式匹配Approximate String Matching 模糊匹配Text Compression 压缩Cryptography 密码Finite State Machine Minimization 有穷自动机简化Longest Common Substring 最长公共子串Shortest Common Superstring 最短公共父串DP——Dynamic Programming——动态规划recursion ——递归第二部分、编程词汇A2A integration A2A整合abstract 抽象的abstract base class (ABC)抽象基类abstract class 抽象类abstraction 抽象、抽象物、抽象性access 存取、访问access level访问级别access function 访问函数account 账户action 动作activate 激活active 活动的actual parameter 实参adapter 适配器add-in 插件address 地址address space 地址空间address-of operator 取地址操作符ADL (argument-dependent lookup)ADO(ActiveX Data Object)ActiveX数据对象advancedaggregation 聚合、聚集algorithm 算法alias 别名align 排列、对齐allocate 分配、配置allocator分配器、配置器angle bracket 尖括号annotation 注解、评注API (Application Programming Interface) 应用(程序)编程接口app domain (application domain)应用域application 应用、应用程序application framework 应用程序框架appearance 外观append 附加architecture 架构、体系结构archive file 归档文件、存档文件argument引数(传给函式的值)。

1) Explain what is Model-View-Controller?MVC is a software architecture pattern for developing web application. It is handled by three objects Model-View-Controller.2) Mention what does Model-View-Controller represent in an MVC application?In an MVC model,•Model- It represents the application data domain. In other words applications business logic is contained within the model and is responsible for maintaining data •View- It represents the user interface, with which the end users communicates. In short all the user interface logic is contained within the VIEW•Controller- It is the controller that answers to user actions. Based on the user actions, the respective controller responds within the model and choose a view to render that display the user interface. The user input logic is contained with-in the controller3) Explain in which assembly is the MVC framework is defined?The MVC framework is defined in System.Web.Mvc.4) List out few different return types of a controller action method?•View Result•Javascript Result•Redirect Result•Json Result•Content Result5) Mention what is the difference between adding routes, to a webform application and an MVC application?To add routes to a webform application, we can use MapPageRoute() method of the RouteCollection class, where adding routes to an MVC application, you can use MapRoute() method.6) Mention what are the two ways to add constraints to a route?The two methods to add constraints to a route is•Use regular expressions•Use an object that implements IRouteConstraint Interface7) Mention what is the advantages of MVC?•MVC segregates your project into a different segment, and it becomes easy for developers to work on•It is easy to edit or change some part of your project that makes project less development and maintenance cost•MVC makes your project more systematic8) Mention what “beforFilter()”,“beforeRender” and “afterFilter” functions do in Controller?•beforeFilter():This function is run before every action in the controller. It’s the right place to check for an active session or inspect user permissions.•beforeRender(): This function is called after controller action logic, but before the view is rendered. This function is not often used, but may be required If you are calling render() manually before the end of a given action•afterFilter(): This function is called after every controller action, and after rendering is done. It is the last controller method to run9) Explain the role of components Presentation, Abstraction and Control in MVC?•Presentation: It is the visual representation of a specific abstraction within the application •Abstraction: It is the business domain functionality within the application•Control: It is a component that keeps consistency between the abstraction within the system and their presentation to the user in addition to communicating with other controls within the system10) Mention the advantages and disadvantages of MVC model?Advantages Disadvantages•It represents clear separation between business logic andpresentation logic•Each MVC object has different responsibilities•The development progresses in parallel•Easy to manage and maintain •All classes and object areindependent of each other •The model pattern is littlecomplex•Inefficiency of data access in view•With modern user interface, it is difficult to use MVC•You need multiple programmers for parallel development •Multiple technologies knowledge is required11) Explain the role of “ActionFilters” in MVC?In MVC “ ActionFilters” help you to execute logic while MVC action is executed or its executing.12) Explain what are the steps for the execution of an MVC project?The steps for the execution of an MVC project includes•Receive first request for the application•Performs routing•Creates MVC request handler•Create Controller•Execute Controller•Invoke action•Execute Result13) Explain what is routing? What are the three segments for routing is important? Routing helps you to decide a URL structure and map the URL with the Controller.The three segments that are important for routing is•ControllerName•ActionMethodName•Parameter14) Explain how routing is done in MVC pattern?There is a group of routes called the RouteCollection, which consists of registered routes in the application. The RegisterRoutes method records the routes in this collection. A route defines a URL pattern and a handler to use if the request matches the pattern. The first parameter to the MapRoute method is the name of the route. The second parameter will be the pattern to which the URL matches. The third parameter might be the default values for the placeholders if they are not determined.15) Explain using hyperlink how you can navigate from one view to other view?By using “ActionLink” method as shown in the below code. The below code will make a simple URL which help to navigate to the “Home” controller and invoke the “GotoHome” action. Collapse / Copy Code<%= Html.ActionLink(“Home”, “Gotohome”) %>16) Mention how can maintain session in MVC?Session can be maintained in MVC by three ways tempdata, viewdata, and viewbag.17) Mention what is the difference between Temp data, View, and View Bag?•Temp data: It helps to maintain data when you shift from one controller to other controller.•View data: It helps to maintain data when you move from controller to view•View Bag: It’s a dynamic wrapper around view data18) What is partial view in MVC?Partial view in MVC renders a portion of view content. It is helpful in reducing code duplication. In simple terms, partial view allows to render a view within the parent view.19) Explain how you can implement Ajax in MVC?In Ajax, MVC can be implemented in two ways•Ajax libraries•Jquery20) Mention what is the differe nce between “ActionResult” and “ViewResult” ?“ActionResult” is an abstract class while “ViewResult” is derived from “AbstractResult”class. “ActionResult” has a number of derived classes like “JsonResult”, “FileStreamResult” and “ViewResult” .“ActionResult” is best if you are deriving different types of view dynamically.21) Explain how you can send the result back in JSON format in MVC?In order to send the result back in JSON format in MVC, you can use “JSONRESULT” class.22) Explain what is the difference between View and Partial View?View Partial View•It contains the layout page •Before any view is rendered, viewstart page is rendered•View might have markup tags like body, html, head, title, meta etc.•View is not lightweight ascompare to Partial View • It does not contain the layout page•Partial view does not verify for a viewstart.cshtml. We cannot putcommon code for a partial viewwithin the viewStart.cshtml.page •Partial view is designed specially to render within the view and just because of that it does not consist any mark up•We can pass a regular view to the RenderPartial method23) List out the types of result in MVC?In MVC, there are t welve types of results in MVC where “ActionResult” class is the main class while the 11 are their sub-types•ViewResult•PartialViewResult•EmptyResult•RedirectResult•RedirectToRouteResult•JsonResult•JavaScriptResult•ContentResult•FileContentResult•FileStreamResult•FilePathResult24) Mention what is the importance of NonActionAttribute?All public methods of a controller class are treated as the action method if you want to prevent this default method then you have to assign the public method with NonActionAttribute. 25) Mention what is the use of the default route {resource}.axd/{*pathinfo} ?This default route prevents request for a web resource file such as Webresource.axd or ScriptResource.axd from being passed to the controller.26) Mention the order of the filters that get executed, if the multiple filters are implemented? The filter order would be like•Authorization filters•Action filters•Response filters•Exception filters27) Mention what filters are executed in the end?In the end “Exception Filters” are executed.28) Mention what are the file extensions for razor views?For razor views the file extensions are•.cshtml: If C# is the programming language•.vbhtml: If VB is the programming language29) Mention what are the two ways for adding constraints to a route?Two methods for adding constraints to route is•Using regular expressions•Using an object that implements IRouteConstraint interface30) Mention two instances where routing is not implemented or required?Two instance where routing is not required are•When a physical file is found that matches the URL pattern•When routing is disabled for a URL pattern31) Mention what are main benefits of using MVC?There are two key benefits of using MVC•As the code is moved behind a separate class file, you can use the code to a great extent •As behind code is simply moved class, it is possible to automate UI testing. This gives an opportunity to automate manual testing and write unit tests.Guru99 Provides FREE ONLINE TUTORIAL on Various courses likeJava MIS MongoDB BigData CassandraWeb Services SQLite JSP Informatica AccountingSAP Training Python Excel ASP Net HBase ProjectTest Management Business Analyst Ethical Hacking PMP ManagementLive Project SoapUI Photoshop Manual Testing Mobile TestingData Warehouse R Tutorial Tableau DevOps AWSJenkins Agile Testing RPA JUnitSoftware EngineeringSelenium CCNA AngularJS NodeJS PLSQL。

mtk的MMI架构开发指导Man Machine InterfaceAgendaMTK Software ArchitectureMTK MMI ArchitectureExample to Write an Application Third Party SoftwareToolQ&AMTK Software ArchitectureMTK Software ArchitectureSoftware ArchitectureKAL and OSLDate TypeTask ManagementSoftware ArchitectureSoftware Architecture –abbreviationsRMI: Remote MMI, i.e., PC side, which uses AT commands to communicate with Protocol stack.L4: The adaptation layer between MMI/AT and protocol stack.L4A: Layer 4 Adaptation to translate primitives sent from upper layers to function calls.L4C: Layer 4 Controller, coordinates all L4 modules to serve upper layers.ATCI: AT Command Interpreter.UEM: User Equipments module used to abstract basic device drivers like keypad, LED, GPIO.PHB: Phone Book management.SMU: Security Management (SIM, STK).CSM: Call Service Management (bearer capability handling, CSD/FAX service, CC, SS).RAC: Registration Access Control (GSM/GPRS registration management,PLMN list/selection, RSSI report) SMSAL: SMS Application Layer (message storage, MO/MT messages, CB).TCM: Terminal Context Management (PDP context profiles, context activate/deactivate, relay of packet data), interface to PPP/TCPIP/SNDCP.ENG: Engineer Mode to log information.KAL (Kernel Abstraction Layer)Target Real Time Operating SystemGSMHandset SoftwareGSMHandset SoftwareKernel Abstraction Layer (KAL)Target Real Time Operating SystemXTest/Debug FacilitiesPortabilityCommon design philosophy Test/Debug facilities Easier code integrationKAL ServicesKALServicesTest / Logging / Simulation facilities Exception handling Resource / MemorymanagementTask management /communication /synchronizationTimer ControlTask-ATask-BReference:KAL_ProgrammingGuide_20041005.pdfSystemServiceUserManual_20050527.pdfOSLNucleus,or other RTOSKALOSLPC simulator –simulate the OSL services on Win32 to facilitate development and debugging MMI task on PC. N.B.to ensure all programs within MMI task can runcorrectly on PC, use of OSL APIs is MUST.Data TypesGeneral data types:Kal_non_specific_general_types.hKAL specific data types and functions’prototypes: Kal_release.hOSL specific data types used within MMI Tasks: PixtelDataTypes.hTask Management & Identificationmodule_type and task_indx_typeDefined in “Stack_config.h”Used to define index of all modules and all tasksmod_task_g[RPS_TOTAL_STACK_MODULES]Defined in “syscomp_config.c”Used to map MODULE-ID to TASK-IDsys_comp_config_tbl[RPS_TOTAL_STACK_TASKS + 1]Defined in “syscomp_config.c”Used to define information of all tasks, e.g., task’s name, task queue’s name, priority, size of external/internal queue, task creation function, whether to use internal ram.custom_comp_config_tbl[MAX_CUSTOM_TASKS]Used for customer defined modules or tasks.task_info_g[RPS_TOTAL_STACK_TASKS + 1]Global array containing component task information, which will be filled in while callingstack_init_comp_info().module_info_g[MAX_MULTIMOD_TASK_NUM]Global array containing component task information, which will be filled in while callingstack_init_module_info().Task RoutinesTask CommunicationApp_ltlcom.hData structure ofmassage used for inter-layer communicationApp_ltlcom.h Data structure of massage used for inter-layer communication Stack_ltlcom.hMacro and API used to send/free messagesStack_ltlcom.h Macro and API used to send/free messagesTo allocate memory from shared memory pool.Ctrl_buff_pool.hDefine size and number of control buffer (memory pool)To allocate memory from shared memory pool.Ctrl_buff_pool.h Define size and number of control buffer (memory pool)To initialize specificmodule’s parameter pointer and peer buffer pointer before use it. (module_ilm_g [module_id])To initialize specific module’s parameter pointer and peer buffer pointer before use it. (module_ilm_g [module_id])Send message to other taskSend message to other taskTo receive message from external queueTo receive message from external queue To receive message from internal queueTo receive message from internal queue QueueGprot.hUsage of OSL send/receive internal/ external msg.QueueGprot.h Usage of OSL send/receive internal/ external msg.MTK MMI ArchitectureMTK MMI ArchitectureMMI Task structureMMI and L4 Communication MMI ArchitectureFrameworkProvides OS abstractionEvent HandlersHistory ManagerNVRAM AccessFile System Management ?UI, ResourceMMI DirectoriesTask structureTask struct(sys_comp_config_tbl ):typedef struct {kal_char *comp_name_ptr;kal_char *comp_qname_ptr;kal_uint32 comp_priority;//3-255kal_uint16 comp_stack_size;kal_uint8 comp_ext_qsize;kal_uint8 comp_int_qsize;kal_create_func_ptr comp_create_func; kal_bool comp_internal_ram_stack;} comptask_info_struct;KAL_FALSEmmi_create 100304096TASK_PRIORITY_MMI“MMI Q”"MMI"MMI TaskLayer 4 AdapterExample:MOD_MMI--->MOD_L4Cmmi_frm_sms_send_message( )PRT_MSG_ID_MMI_SMS_SEND_MSG_REQ---------------------------------L4a_callback.cl4a_recv_msg_ft[MSG_ID_MMI_MESSAGE_SUM]_call_MSG_ID_MMI_SMS_SEND_MSG_REQ_( )---------------------------------MOD_L4C--->MOD_SMSALl4c_sms_exe_post_msg_req( ) MSG_ID_L4CSMSAL_SEND_REQ。

重点词汇specifically. 具体地nonfunctional requirements. 非功能需求client-server architecture. 客户端-服务器架构operational requirements. 操作需求performance requirements. 性能需求security requirements. 安全需求specify. 指定specification. 规范specific. 特定的architecture design. 架构设计data storage. 数据存储data access logic. 数据访问逻辑application logic. 应用逻辑clients,servers,and network. 客户机、服务器和网络allocate. 分配Information extraction. 信息提取elements and relations. 元素和关系view fusion. 视图融合visualization and interaction. 可视化与交互pattern definition and recognition. 模式定义与识别interpretive, interactive, and iterative process. 解释性的、动态的、迭代的的过程involve. 涉及、包括artifact. 构件convert. 转换reconcile. 协调、理顺augment. 加强functionality. 功能(计算机或电子系统的) software architecture. 软件架构module structures. 模块结构component-and-connector structures. 组件-连接器结构Allocation structures. 配置结构logical DFDs and ERD. 逻辑数据流图和实体联系图the feasibility of techniques. 技术可行性network architecture DFD. 网络架构数据流图Data partitioning and replication. 数据分配和复制storing specific tables on different servers. 在不同服务器上存储特定表application architecture. 应用架构detailed design. 详细设计general design. 概要设计feasibility of techniques. 技术可行性data stores. 数据存储RDBMS. 关系数据库管理系统，Relational Database Management Systemapplication architecture. 应用架构database design specifications. 数据库设计规范internal control. 内部控制computer programmer. 计算机程序员reevaluate project feasibility. 重新评估项目可行性Information system. 信息系统requirements analysis. 需求分析systems development methodology. 系统开发方法project feasibility. 项目可行性specify. 指定、确定specification. 规格involve. 涉及、包括Architectural pattern. 架构模式model. 模型business architecture. 业务架构application architecture. 应用架构reference architecture. 参考架构software architecture. 软件架构Pipes and Filters. 管道与过滤器Model-View-Controller. MVC框架，模型(model)－视图(view)－控制器(controller) Reflection. 反射机制involve. 涉及、包括interaction. 交互pattern. 模式.component. 构件.constraint. 约束.semantic model. 语义模型.pope-and-filter. 管道-过滤器架构. architectural style. 架构风格specifically. 具体地.specify. 指定、确定.。

【导语】学习编程，常⽤的单词就那么多，只要把常见的单词学会，你的代码就能写的很6，英语和编程的关系就是这么纯粹和简单。

欢迎阅读⽆忧考为⼤家精⼼整理的程序员常⽤英语词汇！欢迎阅读学习！更多相关讯息请关注⽆忧考！Aabstract 抽象的abstract base class (ABC)抽象基类abstract class 抽象类abstraction 抽象、抽象物、抽象性access 存取、访问access function 访问函数access level访问级别account 账户action 动作activate 激活active 活动的actual parameter 实参adapter 适配器add-in 插件address 地址address space 地址空间ADO(ActiveX Data Object)ActiveX数据对象advanced ⾼级的aggregation 聚合、聚集algorithm 算法alias 别名align 排列、对齐allocate 分配、配置allocator分配器、配置器angle bracket 尖括号annotation 注解、评注API (Application Programming Interface) 应⽤(程序)编程接⼝appearance 外观append 附加application 应⽤、应⽤程序application framework 应⽤程序框架Approximate String Matching 模糊匹配architecture 架构、体系结构archive file 归档⽂件、存档⽂件argument参数。

array 数组arrow operator 箭头操作符assert(ion) 断⾔assign 赋值assignment 赋值、分配assignment operator 赋值操作符associated 相关的、相关联的asynchronous 异步的attribute 特性、属性authentication service 验证服务authorization 授权Bbackground 背景、后台(进程)backup 备份backup device备份设备backup file 备份⽂件backward compatible 向后兼容、向下兼容base class 基类base type 基类型batch 批处理BCL (base class library)基类库Bin Packing 装箱问题binary ⼆进制binding 绑定bit 位bitmap 位图block 块、区块、语句块boolean 布林值(真假值，true或false) border 边框bounds checking 边界检查boxing 装箱、装箱转换brace (curly brace) ⼤括号、花括号bracket (square brakcet) 中括号、⽅括号breakpoint 断点browser applications 浏览器应⽤(程序)browser-accessible application 可经由浏览器访问的应⽤程序bug 缺陷错误build 编连(专指编译和连接)built-in 内建、内置bus 总线business 业务、商务(看场合)business Logic 业务逻辑business rules 业务规则buttons 按钮by/through 通过byte 位元组(由8 bits组成)Ccache ⾼速缓存calendar ⽇历Calendrical Calculations ⽇期call 调⽤call operator 调⽤操作符callback 回调candidate key 候选键 (for database)cascading delete 级联删除 (for database)cascading update 级联更新 (for database)casting 转型、造型转换catalog ⽬录chain 链(function calls)character 字符character format 字符格式character set 字符集check box 复选框check button 复选按钮CHECK constraints CHECK约束 (for database) checkpoint 检查点 (for database)child class ⼦类CIL (common intermediate language)通⽤中间语⾔、通⽤中介语⾔class 类class declaration 类声明class definition 类定义class derivation list 类继承列表class factory 类⼚class hierarchy 类层次结构class library 类库class loader 类装载器class template 类模板class template partial specializations 类模板部分特化class template specializations 类模板特化classification 分类clause ⼦句cleanup 清理、清除CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) 通⽤语⾔基础设施client 客户、客户端client application 客户端应⽤程序client area 客户区client cursor 客户端游标 (for database)client-server 客户机/服务器、客户端/服务器clipboard 剪贴板clone 克隆CLS (common language specification) 通⽤语⾔规范code access security 代码访问安全code page 代码页COFF (Common Object File Format) 通⽤对象⽂件格式collection 集合COM (Component Object Model) 组件对象模型combo box 组合框command line 命令⾏comment 注释commit 提交 (for database)communication 通讯compatible 兼容compile time 编译期、编译时compiler 编译器component组件composite index 复合索引、组合索引 (for database)composite key 复合键、组合键 (for database)composition 复合、组合concept 概念concrete具体的concrete class 具体类concurrency 并发、并发机制configuration 配置、组态Connected Components 连通分⽀connection 连接 (for database)connection pooling 连接池console 控制台constant 常量Constrained and Unconstrained Optimization 最值问题constraint 约束 (for database)construct 构件、成分、概念、构造（for language）constructor (ctor) 构造函数、构造器container 容器containment包容context 环境、上下⽂control 控件cookiecopy 拷贝CORBA 通⽤对象请求中介架构(Common Object Request Broker Architecture) cover 覆盖、涵盖create/creation 创建、⽣成crosstab query 交叉表查询 (for database)Cryptography 密码CTS (common type system)通⽤类型系统cube *数据集 (for database)cursor 光标cursor 游标 (for database)custom 定制、⾃定义Ddata 数据data connection 数据连接 (for database)data dictionary 数据字典 (for database)data file 数据⽂件 (for database)data integrity 数据完整性 (for database)data manipulation language (DML)数据操作语⾔(DML) (for database) data member 数据成员、成员变量data source 数据源 (for database)Data source name (DSN) 数据源名称(DSN) (for database)data structure数据结构Data Structures 基本数据结构data table 数据表 (for database)data-bound 数据绑定 (for database)database 数据库 (for database)database catalog 数据库⽬录 (for database)database diagram 数据关系图 (for database)database file 数据库⽂件 (for database)database object 数据库对象 (for database)database owner 数据库所有者 (for database)database project 数据库⼯程 (for database)database role 数据库⾓⾊ (for database)database schema 数据库模式、数据库架构 (for database) database script 数据库脚本 (for database)datagram 数据报⽂dataset 数据集 (for database)dataset 数据集 (for database)DBMS (database management system)数据库管理系统 (for database) DCOM (distributed COM)分布式COMdead lock 死锁 (for database)deallocate 归还debug 调试debugger 调试器decay 退化declaration 声明default 缺省、默认值DEFAULT constraint默认约束 (for database)default database 默认数据库 (for database)default instance 默认实例 (for database)default result set 默认结果集 (for database)defer 推迟definition 定义delegate 委托delegation 委托deploy 部署derived class 派⽣类design pattern 设计模式destroy 销毁destructor(dtor)析构函数、析构器device 设备DHTML (dynamic HyperText Markup Language)动态超⽂本标记语⾔dialog 对话框Dictionaries 字典digest 摘要digital 数字的directive (编译)指⽰符directory ⽬录disassembler 反汇编器DISCO (Discovery of Web Services)Web Services的查找dispatch 调度、分派、派发distributed computing 分布式计算distributed query 分布式查询 (for database)DNA (Distributed interNet Application) 分布式间应⽤程序document ⽂档DOM (Document Object Model)⽂档对象模型dot operator (圆)点操作符double-byte character set (DBCS)双字节字符集(DBCS)driver 驱动(程序)DTD (document type definition) ⽂档类型定义dump 转储dump file 转储⽂件Ee-business 电⼦商务efficiency 效率efficient ⾼效encapsulation 封装end user 最终⽤户end-to-end authentication 端对端⾝份验证engine 引擎entity 实体enum (enumeration) 枚举enumerators 枚举成员、枚举器equal 相等equality 相等性equality operator 等号操作符error log 错误⽇志 (for database)escape character 转义符、转义字符escape code 转义码evaluate 评估event 事件event driven 事件驱动的event handler 事件处理器evidence 证据exception 异常exception declaration 异常声明exception handling 异常处理、异常处理机制exception specification 异常规范exception-safe 异常安全的exit 退出explicit 显式explicit specialization 显式特化explicit transaction 显式事务 (for database) export 导出expression 表达式Ffat client 胖客户端feature 特性、特征fetch 提取field 字段 (for database)field 字段(java)field length 字段长度 (for database)file ⽂件filter 筛选 (for database)finalization 终结finalizer 终结器firewall 防⽕墙flag 标记flash memory 闪存flush 刷新font 字体foreign key (FK) 外键(FK) (for database)form 窗体formal parameter 形参forward declaration 前置声明forward-only 只向前的forward-only cursor 只向前游标 (for database) framework 框架full specialization 完全特化function 函数function call operator (即operator ()) 函数调⽤操作符function object 函数对象function template函数模板functionality 功能functor 仿函数GGC (Garbage collection) 垃圾回收(机制)、垃圾收集(机制) generate ⽣成generic 泛化的、⼀般化的、通⽤的generic algorithm通⽤算法genericity 泛型getter (相对于 setter)取值函数global 全局的global object 全局对象grant 授权 (for database)group 组、群group box 分组框GUI 图形界⾯GUID (Globally Unique Identifier) 全球标识符Hhandle 句柄handler 处理器hard disk 硬盘hard-coded 硬编码的hard-copy 截屏图hardware 硬件hash table 散列表、哈希表header file头⽂件heap 堆help file 帮助⽂件hierarchical data 阶层式数据、层次式数据hierarchy 层次结构、继承体系high level ⾼阶、⾼层hook 钩⼦Host (application)宿主(应⽤程序)hot key 热键HTML (HyperText Markup Language) 超⽂本标记语⾔HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) 超⽂本传输协议HTTP pipeline HTTP管道hyperlink 超链接Iicon 图标IDE (Integrated Development Environment)集成开发环境identifier 标识符IDL (Interface Definition Language) 接⼝定义语⾔idle time 空闲时间if and only if当且仅当IL (Intermediate Language) 中间语⾔、中介语⾔image 图象IME 输⼊法immediate base 直接基类immediate derived 直接派⽣类immediate updating 即时更新 (for database) implement 实现implementation 实现、实现品implicit 隐式implicit transaction隐式事务 (for database)import 导⼊incremental update 增量更新 (for database) Independent Set 独⽴集index 索引 (for database)infinite loop ⽆限循环infinite recursive ⽆限递归information 信息inheritance 继承、继承机制initialization 初始化initialization list 初始化列表、初始值列表initialize 初始化inline 内联inline expansion 内联展开inner join 内联接 (for database)instance 实例instantiated 具现化、实体化(常应⽤于template) instantiation 具现体、具现化实体(常应⽤于template) integrate 集成、整合integrity 完整性、⼀致性integrity constraint完整性约束 (for database) interacts 交互interface 接⼝interoperability 互操作性、互操作能⼒interpreter 解释器introspection ⾃省invariants 不变性invoke 调⽤isolation level 隔离级别 (for database)item 项、条款、项⽬iterate 迭代iteration 迭代(回圈每次轮回称为⼀个iteration) iterative 反复的、迭代的iterator 迭代器JJIT compilation JIT编译即时编译Job Scheduling ⼯程安排Kkey 键 (for database)key column 键列 (for database)Lleft outer join 左向外联接 (for database) level 阶、层例library 库lifetime ⽣命期、寿命Linear Programming 线性规划link 连接、链接linkage 连接、链接linker 连接器、链接器list 列表、表、链表list box 列表框literal constant 字⾯常数livelock 活锁 (for database)load 装载、加载load balancing 负载平衡loader 装载器、载⼊器local 局部的local object 局部对象lock 锁log ⽇志login 登录login security mode登录安全模式 (for database)lookup table 查找表 (for database)loop 循环loose coupling 松散耦合lvalue 左值Mmachine code 机器码、机器代码macro 宏maintain 维护managed code 受控代码、托管代码Managed Extensions 受控扩充件、托管扩展managed object 受控对象、托管对象manifest 清单many-to-many relationship 多对多关系 (for database) many-to-one relationship 多对⼀关系 (for database) marshal 列集Matching 匹配member 成员member access operator 成员取⽤运算⼦(有dot和arrow两种) member function 成员函数member initialization list成员初始值列表memory 内存memory leak 内存泄漏menu 菜单message 消息message based 基于消息的message loop 消息环message queuing消息队列metadata 元数据metaprogramming元编程method ⽅法micro 微middle tier 中间层middleware 中间件modeling 建模modeling language 建模语⾔modem 调制解调器modifier 修饰字、修饰符module 模块most derived class最底层的派⽣类mouse ⿏标multi-tasking 多任务multi-thread 多线程multicast delegate 组播委托、多点委托multithreaded server application 多线程服务器应⽤程序multiuser 多⽤户mutable 可变的mutex 互斥元、互斥体Nnamed parameter 命名参数named pipe 命名管道namespace 名字空间、命名空间native 原⽣的、本地的native code 本地码、本机码nested class 嵌套类nested query 嵌套查询 (for database)nested table 嵌套表 (for database)network 络network card 卡Network Flow 络流Oobject 对象object based 基于对象的object model 对象模型object oriented ⾯向对象的ODBC data source ODBC数据源 (for database) ODBC driver ODBC驱动程序 (for database)one-to-many relationship ⼀对多关系 (for database)one-to-one relationship ⼀对⼀关系 (for database) operating system (OS) 操作系统operation 操作operator 操作符、运算符option 选项outer join 外联接 (for database)overflow 上限溢位(相对于underflow)overload 重载override 覆写、重载、重新定义Ppackage 包packaging 打包palette 调⾊板parallel 并⾏parameter 参数、形式参数、形参parameter list 参数列表parameterize 参数化parent class ⽗类parentheses 圆括弧、圆括号parse 解析parser 解析器part 零件、部件partial specialization 局部特化pass by reference 引⽤传递pass by value 值传递p a t t e r n !j _ / p > p > p e r s i s t e n c e c EN '` / p >。

hardware 硬件computer 计算机，Personal Computer（简称PC）个人计算机keyboard 键盘mouse 鼠标monitor 监视器LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 液晶显示屏CPU (Center Processor Unit) 中央处理单元main board 主板memory 存储器，内存RAM (Random Access Memory) 随机存储器(内存)Hard Disk 硬盘Modem = Modulator-DEModulator 调制解调器，将信号由一种形式转换成另一种形式的装置BIOS (Basic-input-Output System) 基本输入输出系统Printer 打印机LPT (Line Printer) 打印口，并行口driver 驱动程序或驱动器AGP (Accelerate Graphics Processor) 加速图形接口resolution 分辨率DPI (Dots Per Inch) 每英寸点数，指打印机的分辨率scanner 扫描仪adapter 适配器（卡），俗称“卡”，如声卡、显示卡。

UPS (Uninterruptible Power System) 不间断电源PnP (plug and play) 即插即用compatibility 兼容性，指电脑的通用性。

software 软件OS (Operation System) 操作系统，如DOS，Windows，UNIX都是操作系统advanced 高级的administrator 管理员user 用户guest 访客permission 权限priority 优先级valid 有效的setup, install 安装program 程序uninstall 卸载wizard 向导license 许可(证)，在安装非共享软件时，一般都需要有合法的许可证。

2004年计算机等级考试四级试题(考试时间180 分钟，满分100 分)一、选择题（共70 题，每题1 分，满分70 分。

其中（1）-（55）题为中文题，（56）-（70）题为英文题）下列各题A）、B）、C）、D）四个选项中，只有一个选项是正确的。

请将正确选项填涂在答题卡相应位置上，答在试卷上不得分。

(1) 定点8 位字长的字，采用补码形式表示时，一个字所能表示的整数范围是( )。

A）-128～+127 B）-127～+127 C）-129～+128 D）-128～+128(2) 某一SRAM 芯片，其容量为10248 位，除电源和地端外，该芯片最少引出线数为( )。

A) 18 B) 19 C) 20 D) 21(3) 能够利用DMA 方式建立直接数据通路的两个部件是( )。

A) I/O 设备和主存 B) I/O 设备和I/O 设备C) I/O 设备和CPU D) CPU 和主存(4) 数据的存储结构通常可以有( )。

A) 顺序存储结构和链式存储结构B) 顺序存储结构、链式存储结构和索引结构C) 顺序存储结构、链式存储结构和散列结构D) 顺序存储结构、链式存储结构、索引结构和散列结构(5) 建立散列表时容易发生散列冲突。

若散列函数为H(k)，a 与b 分别为关键值，则出现散列冲突的情况是( )。

A) a=b 且H(a)≠H(b)B) a≠b 且H(a)=H(b)C) a≠b 且H(a)≠H(b)D) a=b 且H(a)=H(b)(6) 在具有n 个结点的二叉排序树中查找结点的平均查找长度为( )。

A) O(1) B) O(n) C) O(n2) D) O(log2n)(7) 若具有n 个顶点的连通无向图采用邻接矩阵表示，则邻接矩阵中的非零元素的个数至少为( )。

A) n-1 个B) n/2 个 C) 2(n-1)个 D) n+1 个(8) 下面算法的功能是( )。

typedef struct node{datatype data;struct node *link;}*LinkList;Void FUN(LinkList lista, LinkList listb){ LinkList p;for(p=lista; p->link!=NULL; p=p->link);p->link=listb;}A) 将两个非空线性链表连接成为一个线性链表B) 将两个非空循环链表连接成为一个循环链表C) 逆转一个线性链表D) 删除并释放一个链表(9) 下列等值式中错误的是( )。